第二讲 概要写作技法指导
2023年高考英语二轮复习专题三概要写作第2讲微观把握、突破概要写作技法三巧用连词,结构紧凑
第三部分专题三第2讲技法3(2022·高考英语考前信息必刷卷)阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Different people may find that different learning methods work best for them.While some would turn to tutoring in order to get better grades, others choose to join study groups.In fact, many universities encourage their students to form study groups and make good use of them.“Two heads are better than one.” Thatʼs the simple idea behind study groups.By participating in a study group, students can benefit from some of their best academic resources: other students.They get to pick each otherʼs brains and improve their own understanding of different problems.Moreover, study groups can create the slightly tense atmosphere in which itʼs good to study.For example, some students tend to procrastinate (拖延) when they are studying by themselves: however, by joining a study group, they get to observe their peers who are working diligently and are likely to thus have motivation for working harder.Study groups work best when they are small, but not too small—four to five participants is about right.And itʼs necessary to make sure everyone has the same goal, to prepare for a particular test, to discuss class readings or to review the weekʼs lecture notes.Besides, socializing in the group would make studying more fun as long as it took up only a small portion of group study time.In addition, to maximize the efficiency, some study groups like to assign members certain roles, and thus efficiency will be promoted.Besides an organizer, who gets group members to agree to a common purpose and a convenient time and place, there often is a group member playing the role of a source-seeker, whose duty is to remind group members to identify their sources.For instance, when a group member says “I read somewhere that...，” the source-seeker should ask for specifics.This person reminds the group that itʼs important to know who said what and where it was said.And a gatekeeper, who tries to make sure that all group members are participating, may ask a direct question to help a shy person participate, or find a way to get a dominating member to listen.【范文】Many universities encourage students to take advantage of study groups for better grades, where students can not only get the best academic resources but motivate each other to work harder.Besides the small size, the same goal and not-too-long socializing could help study groups work best.If the members are assigned different roles, it will result in promoting the efficiency.。
完整word版2019高考写作指导 概要写作方式及技巧
高中英语写作指导-《概要写作》该题型提供一篇350词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
原文以说明文、议论文为主,概要,基本就是段落大意。
每段用一句话概括,或者两段一个大意,最多用两句话概括。
(一)高分要诀1.概要应包括原文中的主要事实,略去不必要的细节。
这就要求考生在写作时要找关键词和主题句,准确理解、分析原文要点,归纳段落大意。
2.各要点的表达既要相对独立,又要有适当的衔接,要用适当的关联词语贯通全文,切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每两句之间都加关联词语,以免显得生硬。
3.所用句型力求简单,安排好篇幅的比例,概要应同原文保持协调,即用较多的文字写重要内容,用较少的文字写次要内容。
4.不排斥用原文的某些词句,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的话语which,who等引导的定语从句,而采用动词-ing形式和过去分词做定语。
5.多使用概括性词语,少用具体描述性词语。
注意要点之间的衔接。
承接过渡让步过渡列举过渡目的过渡first of allfirst as soon as second with the aim althoughas a matter of thirdit is true...that offactin the first place even though for the sake so to speak initially of course of however to start with certainly with a view as it were furthermore admittedly today after day in addition indeed for the year in and year moreover true purpose of outs more 'what finally理由时间总结举例sinceaccording to by virtue of as an all in allbefore illustration so to summarize since for instance given in summary as one example as a result of in conclusion untilfor example because (of) as ameanwhile due to just as consequence at the moment in particular in view of lastlywhen on account of such as by and large whenever namely owing to finally as soon as to illustrate the reason why consequently just as in other words a case in point to sum up lead totake...for hencefor this reason表示时间表示强调比较总括过渡词at times as a rule similarly after above all as far as I am similar to afterwards after all concerned the same as in factfrom then on as for me accordingly immediately particularly economically both...aslaterthat is speaking at the same time anyway meanwhile generally in the same chiefly next speakingmannernow even worse in my opinion in a similar way until more often in my view in commonthan thatwhile in some then总括过渡词表示时间表示强调比较respectsobviouslymostin common on a large scaleequally important of on a personalimportant levelallfor one needless to practicallything...for sayspeakinganother simplistically no doubtlikewise to be surespeakingto take the ideafurther)(二高分三注意(三)成篇三步骤1.阅读(1)认真阅读给定的原文材料,如果一遍不能理解,就多读两遍;阅读次数越多,你对原文的理解就越深刻。
大学写作：第二讲 写作过程
筛选法
• 材料： • 一个赵国人牵了一匹劣马到集市上去卖，卖了三天无 人问津。他找到伯乐，要伯乐围着他的马转三圈，并 做出很欣赏的样子，然后离开。离开时，要三次回头 看马。如果伯乐这样做，他付给伯乐三天的工钱。伯 乐照着赵国人的话做了，马很快卖掉了，而且马价提 高了十倍。 • 根据上面的材料，可以写出哪些主题？
• 不同文体写作的构思程序 • 实用文体 • 文学写作
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实用文体构思：以论文写作为例
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 浏览中国学术期刊网上的相关文章 整合相关资料，理清写作思路 搜寻网上的新信息 梳理可供写作的主旨 进行必要的实地考察 阅读类似的文章 列出具体可操作的写作提纲
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文学写作：以网络小说创作为例
• 公但知小人之能误国，不知君子之尤能误国也。小人 误国犹可解救，若君子而误国，则未知何矣。何也？ 彼盖自以为君子而本心无愧也。故其胆益壮而志益决， 孰能止之。 ——李贽《焚书》 • 赃官可恨，人人知之。清官尤可恨，人多不知。盖赃 官自知有病，不敢公然为非；清官则自以为我不要钱， 何所不可？刚愎自用，小则杀人，大则误国！ ——刘鹗的《老残游记》
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表达要重视表达方式的综合运用
• 叙述的操作方法：顺序、倒叙、插叙
• 描写的操作方法：分解步骤、放大特征、 转换角度 • 说明的操作方法：说明顺序、语言严谨性 • 议论的操作方法：不要轻易留下破绽 • 抒情的操作方法：注意感情的适度
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分解步骤
• “老师拿起白色粉笔在黑板上写了一个 ‘悟’字。” • “老师拿起一支半截长的白色粉笔，在 桌子上顿了顿，环视了一下全班同学， 目光凝重，然后缓缓地转过身去，粉笔 就在空中划了一道白色的弧线，落到了 黑板上，只见黑板上凸现了一个斗大的 字：悟。”
第二节 概要写作.ppt
本节内容结束
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@《创新设计》
一、解题思路点拨 1．读懂原文是关键
在写概要之前，一定要对文章认真阅读，确保理解文章的主旨、文章的结构、 各段的段意。在阅读文章的时候，要善于发现核心词和高频词。这些词汇是概 要写作的基础和核心。
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@《创新设计》
2．以自然段为概括的基础 以自然段为基础概括会帮助我们不遗漏信息，也能帮助判断主要信息。当然，以自 然段为基础概括并不是说一个自然段一定是一个要点。有时几个自然段说明一个要 点。有时也有一个自然段包含数个要点。
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@《创新设计》
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter (后者) position is gaining some ground.
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@《创新设计》
第二段：主要谈论的是在16世纪，人们认为“dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease”，dirt有助于预防疾病。 第三段：用“Though”引出人们对dirt观点的转变“...since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.” 最后一段：“On the contrary”引出专家的观点，免疫学家认为dirt有助于增强免疫系统。 这一观点得到了一些支持。
高考英语概要写作技巧讲解
高考英语概要写作技巧讲解一、考点分析提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。
二、专题详解1.专题分析①原文材料350词以内，概要写作不少于60词。
①原文基本以说明文、议论文为主。
①概要，基本上就是段落大意。
每段一句话概括，或者两段一个大意，最多用两句话概括就行。
①要着重训练自己文章主旨大意和各段段落大意的归纳概括能力。
2.注意事项①找关键词和主题句，准确理解、分析原文要点，归纳段落大意。
①各要点的表达要相对独立。
①各要点之间要有适当的衔接。
①句型力求简单，每句话要表意明白，无空泛、笼统、含混之词。
①尽量使用短句，慎用长难句。
例如，尽量少用关系代词which，who等引导的定语从句，而采用ing形式和ed形式作定语。
①多使用概括性词语，少用具体描述性词语。
3.模板及句型①表示文章的内容以及研究目的1)This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...2)The article focuses on the topic of...①表示研究的结论1)The result showed that...2)The author found that...3)It was concluded that...①表示推荐、观点或建议1)The author suggests/considers that...2)Suggestions are made for...4.评分原则①本题总分为15分，按5个档次给分。
①评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
①词数少于40和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
①评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3)上下文的连贯性；(4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
【课件】概要写作技巧
简单句变复合句 Children should be encouraged more. This will help them learn faster. =Children should be encouraged more, which will help them learn faster. Children are given more praise. They will achieve more success. =When given more praise, children will achieve more success.
Is it possible to be born shy？Many scientists say yes. They say 15 to 20 percent of babies behave shyly. These babies are a little quieter and more watchful than other babies. Interestingly, these shy babies usually have shy parents. As a result, scientists think that 2.some shyness is genetic.
二.段尾是主题句：
1. 阐述一个不太常见的或难以令人接受的观点的段落
2016浙江新题型 读后续写+概要写作 含答案
第二讲读后续写【技法指导】题型特点读后续写的阅读材料一般是词数大约为350词以内的记叙文。
考生要在此文的后面接着续约150词左右的文字与前文构成一个完整的故事。
一般来说，记叙文浅显易懂，但故事情节多曲折动人，故事线索的逻辑性也较强。
阅读材料虽然是一篇不完整的文章，但是它有趣，内容能延伸。
要求考生续写的部分多是故事发展的高潮或结局。
写作要求考生在读懂原文的基础上，在规定时间内展开合理的想象，并运用所学的英语知识完成一篇约150词左右的续写。
考生所续写的部分要有创新性和想象力，不是原文的抄写或胡编乱造，同时，还要带有原文色彩(必须使用原文5处以上的关键词语)。
续写一般分为两类：半开放性续写和完全开放性续写。
半开放性续写要求考生务必根据文章的逻辑推理续写。
完全开放性续写则要求考生依据文章的思路自由发挥。
续写时要尽可能与原材料的中心思想和语言风格上保持一致。
写作步骤①审题：速读阅读材料和写作要求，明确写作任务。
②读文：细读阅读材料，确定文章体裁和题材(话题)。
注意文中的关键词，也就是故事中的时间、地点、人物和事件，特别要标记能描述事件发展过程的词和短语。
③谋段：先仔细阅读续写部分所给出的两段段首文字，再构思这两段要写的段落大意。
根据确定好的段落大意，选出每一段可能要用到的原文中带下划线的关键词。
结合这些关键词，确定每一段的写作要点。
这两段加起来要能写出10到15个句子，以满足续写词数要求。
④初写：按照第三步谋段时确定好的写作要点进行初写。
写作时要注意所用的人称和时态要与原材料一致另外，还要注意尽可能地减少表达上的语法错误。
如果遇到语言上的表述困难，可多参考原阅读材料中的有关语句。
⑤定稿：写好初稿后，考生要结合原材料中故事线索读一读自己续写的内容。
既要确保不出现与原材料相矛盾的地方，又要做到内容上前后连贯，语句通顺。
最后规范誊写并标出使用过的原材料中下划线的关键词语。
【典例示法】阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
概要写作答题技巧指导
概要写作答题技巧指导概要写作答题技巧指导概要写作是一种“阅读+写作”的复合型任务,测试学生的阅读理解、概括归纳和书面表达方面的综合能力。
选材上，提供一篇350 词以内的短文，一般以说明文、议论文和记叙文为主，要求考生写出一篇60 词左右的内容概要（注意：少于 40 或多于80 词扣两分），而新写的语篇，既要做到在结构、衔接和连贯性等方面与原文保持一致，又要做到简明扼要、意义完整、结构严密和语句通顺。
一．概要写作的步骤：（一）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈【关键词】：^p ，辨别主次信息在阅读原文时，首先找到该段的主题句或中心句，并圈出重点信息词汇，分清主要信息和次要信息，把修饰成分、细节内容、举例说明等次要信息删掉。
（二）用自己的语言，写出该段要点概要写作要求学生用自己的语言准确地转述作者的要点，因此，不要整句抄原文，可以采用以下表达方式：1.替换法：同义词替换；单词替换短语；短语替换句子等2.转换法：词性转换；句式转换；语态转换等3.合并法：把几个信息合并在一个句子中表达；将原文多个简单句整合成一个句子等（三）选用恰当的衔接词，把每段要点串连成篇概要写作要求学生有效地使用语句间的连接成分,使所完成的概要逻辑连贯，衔接自然，结构紧凑。
常用的衔接词有：表递进关系 besides,moreover,furthermore , in addition,what&rs;s more,what&rs;s worse, worse still 表因果关系 therefore,thus , consequently, due to， og to， thanks to 表转折关系 however, otherwise, anyway/ anyhow, although，even though表对比关系 similarly,instead,on the contrary,on the other hand 表时间顺序关系 eventually,finally, gradually , immediately ，afterwards, meanwhile/ meantime, in the meanwhile/meantime 表总结关系 in a word,in short,in conclusion,in brief,in summary,in general,to sum up,on the whole 表情感关系 luckily, unfortunately, to one&rs;s great joy/satisfaction/surprise二．概要写作的注意事项：（一）准确性：对原文信息理解准确，不能乱写（二）完整性：概要是原文的浓缩，涵盖全部要点，不能遗漏（三）概括性：语言精练，概括要点，不能超字数（四）客观性：忠于原文，不能加自己的观点（以“第三人称”或“无人称”来概括）三．概要写作解题技巧展示: 试题(新高考考试说明样题) Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing.However, there is nothing fi_ed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in.A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths.By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom.So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way.Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty.Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century.Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease.Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II.Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine.Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays.Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease.On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家),encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system.And the latter (后者)position is gaining some ground.【解题过程展示】（一）细读每段文章，画主题句，圈【关键词】：^p ，辨别主次信息。
高中英语规律技巧 第二讲 概要写作技法指导
考情分析与技法概述
在概要写作中，提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词 左右的内容概要。 一、命题分析(以浙江卷3年高考为例)
卷别
项目 写作文体
2019年6月
议论文
2018年11月 说明文
浙江高考样题 议论文材源自词数文章话题342
父母如何恰当地表扬孩子
345
高三学生提前探访报考的大学
Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report.But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
英语新高考概要写作技巧指导(棒!)
英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章开头，简 要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末 尾，作用是交待该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这一主题。各个 段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。如果希望 准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇 的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑。
paragraph. Rewrite each topic sentence, using your own words. Do not copy from the passage!
Step 3: Write your summary. First state the main idea of
the passage and then the topics covered by each paragraph. Remember, use your own words!
语言上：不够简洁; 基本错误多;使用文章原句
结构上：缺乏连贯；改变结构
4.基本步骤与技巧
Step 1. Determine the type of writing and identify the topic as well as the author’s purpose
Step 2. Divide the passage & summarize the main idea of each part
Step 4: Swap summaries with your partners and give each
other comments. Check your partner’s summary for the main idea and topic sentences.
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本节内容结束
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【参考范文】 It is no easy job to educate children.Parents are wrong from strict discipline in the past
to excessive praise today.(要点1)Considerable praise helps to encourage children to make progress, but don’t go from one extreme to the other.(要点2)High-quality praise should focus on children’s efforts, rather than on results.(要点3)The principle for dealing with praise is to consider the link between praise and effort.(要点4)
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对皮肤污垢的不同观点
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1.选材特点 所选材料体裁没有限制，以说．明．文．和议．论．文．为主。文章结构清楚，文字比较书面化， 句子结构较复杂。难度较大，其难度高于阅读理解的文章。
2．命题特点 概要写作属于限．制．性．写．作．，它是阅读理解和书面表达的有机结合。这一题型主要考 查学生对．文．章．主．旨．大．意．的．概．括．和．准．确．获．取．关．键．词．的能力，同时考查学生用简洁的语 言概括文章重要信息的能力以及对文章整体结构的把握能力。
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Still, don’t go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.
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2．画出那些能概括文章主题思想的单词、短语或句子；决定原文中哪些部分重要， 哪些部分次重要；对重要部分的主要观点进行概括。
3．简要地记下主要观点——主题、标题、细节等你认为对概括文章重要的东西。
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第二步：动手写作 1．概要写作应尽量用自己的话完成，不要直接引用原文的句子； 2．应该遵循原文的逻辑顺序，这样就不必重新组织观点、事实； 3．要全面、清晰地表明原文所载的信息，以便读者不需翻阅原文就可以完全掌握材
So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome， you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”
主题，主要包括以下三个步骤。下面以2019年6月浙江高考为例加以说明。 (2019·6月浙江卷) Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A
to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.
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Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report.But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.
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考情分析与技法概述
在概要写作中，提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生基于该短文写出一篇60词 左右的内容概要。 一、命题分析(以浙江卷3年高考为例)
卷别
项目 写作文体
2019年6月
议论文
2018年11月 说明文
浙江高考样题 议论文
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材料词数
文章话题
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父母如何恰当地表扬孩子
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高三学生提前探访报考的大学
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第一步：阅读材料 1．认真阅读给定的原文材料，深刻理解原文内容，总结每段的大意。
Paragraph 1：主要介绍了父母从过去批评孩子到现在过度表扬孩子，而过度表扬 也会对孩子造成伤害。 Paragraph 2：主要论述了在批评与表扬孩子方面不要走极端。 Paragraph 3：主要论述了什么是高质量的表扬，对孩子的表扬要真诚，并且注重 孩子努力的过程而不是只关注结果。 Paragraph 4：归纳总结，点名表扬应遵循的原则，也就是鼓励与表扬应该与其付 出努力的程度成正比。
料的原意。
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第三步：修改成文 草稿拟好以后，对它进行修改完善。 1．首先，与原文比较看是否把所有重要的观点都概括了，概要写作中的观点是否与
原文中的完全一致。 2．其次，如果出现了不必要的词汇、短语或长句子，删除它们，保持语言简洁明了。 3．最后，检查拼写、语法和标点符号的错误。
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三、四项原则 1．概要写作时，一定要使用第三人称。 2．概要写作时，一定不可加入自己的观点。 3．概要写作时，一定不可对原文内容加以评论。 4．概要写作时，一定不要引入与原文内容无关的信息。
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四、写作步骤 概要写作是对一篇文章的主题思想的概括陈述。它用最简洁的语言概括原文的
盖全部要点，能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇，有效地使用了语句间的连接成 分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑，完全使用自己的语言。 2．评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要 求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3．词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
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4．评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑： (1)对原文要点的理解和呈现情况； (2)应用语法结构和词汇的准确性； (3)上下文的连贯性； (4)对各要点表达的独立性情况。
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3．考查特点 概要写作以语篇为载体，要求考生对所提供的文本进行简要的概括。考生需在理解 文章、把握文章中心意思的基础上进行信息整合，故该题型考查学生的综．合．语．言．运． 用．能．力．，即阅读能力、分析查找能力、逻辑思维能力、理解判断能力及概括能力等。
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二、评分原则 1．概要写作总分为25分，按5个档次给分。第五档(21～25)的要求： 理解准确，涵