托福写作基础讲义

写作高频场景词汇：School and Education1) 作为团队工作work as/ in a team2) 在...的帮助下with the help of3) 穿校服wear a school uniform4) 使用学校设备use the school facilities/ equipment5) 参加...的新生引导课程take an orientation course6) 与小组一起学习study with a group7) 出国留学study abroad8) 与某人分享观点share a idea/ ideas with someone9) 与某人同住一室share a room with sb10) 现实生活经验real life experience11) 优先考虑... put a priority on12) 追求个人兴趣pursue one’s individual interest13) 提倡创造性思维promote/ advocate creative thinking/ critical thinking14) 预防校园暴力prevent school violence15) 参与课堂讨论participate in a class discussion16) 理清思路organize one’s thoughts17) 选修科目optional subjects18) 提供教育机会offer/ provide an educational opportunity19) 在...方面改变make a change in...20) 主修major in21) 住宿舍live in a dormitory/ dorm22) 讲座lectures23) 通过...学习learn by/ via/ through + doing24) 自学learn by myself/ teach myself25) 增加教育预算increase the education budget26) 增加某人的潜力increase one’s potential/ 能力capability27) 有机会... have the opportunity to do sth28) 对...有很大的影响have a strong impact on sth29) 对...有强烈的好奇心have a strong curiosity about30) 进行关于...的讨论have a discussion about31) 有...文凭/学历have a diploma/ certification in32) 有...的选择have a choice of33) 从学校毕业graduate from34) 上私立学校go to a private/ public school35) 经历青春期go through puberty36) 因...给某人奖励give someone a prize37) 取得好成绩get a good grade38) 收到良好的教育get good education39) 获得最新的信息gain/ receive the latest information/ news40) 从...获得知识gain knowledge from41) 组成学习小组form a study group42) 感到来自同龄个人的压力feel peer/ contemporaries pressure43) 面对问题face a problem44) 课外活动extracurricular activities45) 拓展知识expand/ gain/ acquire/ obtain/ get/ accumulate one’s knowledge46) 获得学分earn a credit47) 培养在...方面的专长develop expertise in...48) 必修科目compulsory subjects49) 职业准备career preparation50) 建学校build/ establish school51) 开始正规教育begin formal education52) 必须...，被要求.... be required/ suppose to do53) 参与户外活动participate/ take part in/ join in/ attend outdoor activities54) 在...方面有能力;能胜任... be competent/ capable in55) 上大学attend college/ university56) 上课attend classes57) 参加夏令营participate/ engage in/ , be/ get involved in a summer camp58) 给某人布置家庭走也assign homework to somebody59) 中学、大学 a primary/ middle/ high school. Secondary school.60) 研究领域 a field of study写作高频场景词汇：Family and Society1) 拜访邻居visit one’s neighborhood2) 使用公共交通工具use public transportation3) 没有做... without doing4) 把某人看作... treat someone as, treat them as competitor5) 青少年犯罪teenager delinquencies/ juvenile delinquency6) 养家support a family, feed one’s family7) 对...表示尊敬show respect to8) 展现领导才能show leadership skills9) 解决问题solve problems10) 使某人想起某事remind sb of something11) 信仰某种宗教believe in a particular religion12) 宣誓对...效忠pledge loyalty to13) 将某人的价值观传递给... pass on one’s values to...14) 参加社区活动participate in community activities15) 做出重要决定make an important decision16) 对...做出贡献make a contribution to17) 住在郊区live in suburban/ suburb areas18) 跟上keep up with19) 记住某事keep sth in mind20) 照看、留心keep an eye on21) 普遍认同it is generally agreed that...22) 改善公共交通improve public transportation23) 有高标准have high standards24) 有...的倾向have a tendency to do25) 有社区意识have a sense of community26) 有...感have a sense of achievement/ fulfillment/ accomplishment; humor; belonging; happiness27) 与...有密切的关系have a close relationship with28) 与...相处get along with29) 获得...的支持gain the support of sb/ some organization30) 建立组织set up/ form an organization31) 形成舆论form public opinion/ lead public opinion32) 效仿某人imi tate sb; follow in one’s footsteps33) 感到安全feel security34) 感觉被...吸引be attracted to/ feel an attraction to35) 顺便去购物中心drop in at a shopping center36) 为生计做某事do something for a living37) 负担得起... afford to do38) 建立信任build up trust39) 培养社会技能cultivate/ develop social skills40) 从...中获益benefit from41) 建立人脉build social connections/ social circles42) 成为...的居民become a resident of43) 孤立于.... be isolated from44) 需要帮助be in need of help45) 对...友好be hospitable to46) 情感上依附于... be emotionally attached to47) 致力于... be committed to/ commit oneself to/ devote oneself to48) 因...而著名be celebrated for/ be famous for/ be famous as做为。

而出名49) 同意遵守agree to obey/ follow...写作高频场景词汇：Economy and Business1) 面临巨大挑战face significant challenges.2) 加班work overtime3) 尊敬respect. / receive enough respect. Act respectfully4) 兼职work part-time/ take part-time jobs5) 敦促/极力主张某人.... urge/ advocate sb to sth6) 了解市场原则understand the market principle7) 将某人调任到另一个部门transfer sb to another department/ education department8) 递交简历submit one’s resume10) 开始一项业务start a business11) 平均分摊费用split the cost12) 找...领域的工作seek a career in13) 将企业盈利回报给社会return corporate profits to society14) 退休retire from a job15) 提高...声望raise the prestige/ reputation of16) 缴税pay taxes17) 偿还贷款pay back a loan18) 克服经济衰退overcome an economic recession crisis19) 获得最底层职位obtain an entry-level position20) 将生产费降到最低minimize the cost/expense of production21) 合格meet the qualifications22) 弥补损失make up a loss23) 收支平衡strike a balance of payments/24) strike a balanced payments/ budget(平衡预算).25) 做到生态、经济、社会协调发展, to strike a balance of ecological, economic and social development.26) 获利make a profit/ profits.27) 谋生make a living28) 对...投诉make a complaint about29) 为...做预算make a budget for...30) 降低利率lower the interest rate31) 辞职leave/ quit a job; be fired32) 保持一个良好的工作环境keep a good work environment33) 投资于invest in/ investment34) 在履行职责时be in the line of duty35) 对...持积极态度have a positive/ negtive/ optimistic/ pessimitic36) 拥有...的市场占有率have a market share37) 破产go bankrupt38) 按小时/天/周去的报酬get paid by the hour/ day/ week39) 获得....的退款receive a refund40) 得到提升get promotion41) 找到工作get/ find a job; find employment42) 有成就感feel a sense of accomplishment43) 就业enter the workforce/ 解决就业solve the problem of umemployment44) 鼓励竞争encourage competition45) 挣钱earn money46) 生产力下降reduced productivity47) 培养处理人际关系的技能cultivate/ develop interpersonal skills48) 写信/亲自投诉complain in writing/ person49) 赔偿compensate for50) 升职progress to a higher position/ get a promotion51) 索价较高charge higher prices52) 无法负担cannot afford to do sth/ unaffordable53) 打电话请病假call in sick54) 因迟到打电话请假call in late55) 建立事业build one’s career56) 指示某人boss someone around57) 促进经济发展boost the economy; economic crisis/ recession58) 愿意... be willing to do sth59) 不愿... be unwilling to do sth60) 自主经营be self-employed61) 出售，上市be on the market62) 需求旺盛be in great demand63) 人口的增长increase in population64) 职位描述 a job description65) 次品 a defective product66) 拥有...的市场占有度have a positive/ negative/ optimistic/ pessimistic写作高频场景词汇：Living and Thinking1) 适应形式adapt to a situation/ the environment2) 认真考虑后after careful thought/ consideration3) 作为...的征兆as a token of (economic crisis)4) 承担责任shoulder/ assume responsibility for...5) 对...有益be beneficial to...6) 对...有信心be confident in../ have confidence in...7) 批判态度critical thinking8) 灵活的flexible9) 对...负责be responsible for10) 以不同的方式表现behave in a different way11) 改掉坏习惯break/ get rid of a bad habit12) 按常规做某事do something as a routine13) 承受磨难endure hardships14) 惹上麻烦get into trouble/ stay out of trouble15) 压力过大be/ get stressed out/ too much stress16) 疯狂购物go on a shopping spree17) 伤害友谊harm a friendship18) 锻炼do exercises/ sports19) 有常识have common sense/ knowledge20) 有幽默感have a sense of humor/ accomplishment/ achievement/ fulfillment/ belonging/ happiness/ honor21) 喜欢社交have a sociable character22) 持乐观/悲观的态度have a/ an positive/ negative/ optimistic/ pessimistic attitude.23) 没有/有很大/没多大关系have nothing/ much/ little to do with24) 对...感到遗憾have regrets about25) 有品位have a taste in/for26) 相信trust/ believe in27) 磨练技巧hone a skill28) 提高某人的生活质量enhance/ increase the quality of life29) 根据某事物判断某人/某事judge sb/ sth by30) 保守秘密keep a secret31) 按规律生活live by a role32) 过某人自己的生活live one’s own life33) 轻视，瞧不起look down upon/ look up to34) 尊敬respect35) 谨慎的做决定make a careful decision36) 给...留下好/坏印象make a good/ bad impression37) 犯错误make mistakes38) 搬到新地方move to a new place39) 提前计划plan in advance/ plan ahead40) 为...提供良好的营养provide good nutrition for41) 忍受put up with/ stand/ bear42) 到达转折点reach a turning point43) 减轻压力relieve one’s pressure/ stress44) 存钱以备不时之需save money for a rainy day/ for an emergency45) 设定目标set goals46) 设定优先级put/ set a priority on: government should put a priority on the development of education.47) 放慢速度slow down48) 远离麻烦stay out of troubles49) 熬夜stay up late50) 失眠sleeplessness, insomnia51) 冒...的险take risks52) 采取行动take action53) 利用use/ make use of/ take advantage of54) 休息一下take/ have a rest55) 吃药take medicine56) 支持某人support sb/ take one’s side57) 从容不迫take one’s time to so sth58) 带头take the initiative to do sth59)说实话tell the truth写作高频场景词汇：Culture and Leisure1) 出国旅游travel abroad/ overseas tourism2) 从日常事务中得到片刻休息get a moment to rest from the daily routine3) 订阅报纸/杂志subscribe to the newspaper/ magzine/ journal4) 说与...不同的语言speak another language5) 表现创造力perform creative power/ ability6) 保全面子save one’s face7) 尊重文化差异respect differences8) 以...代替... substitute by...9) 建议某人suggest/ advise/ persuade10) 充电charge a battery11) 演奏乐器play an instrument12) 以某人做榜样take... as example/ model.13) 创造历史make history14) 预定book/ reserve/ make a reservation for...15) 拍...电影make films16) 点燃篝火light a bonfire17) 引导公共舆论guide the public opinion18) 备有急救箱first aid boxes/ emergency kit19) 举办聚会have a party20) 有机会have an opportunity to do...21) 有空be available22) 对...有影响have postive/ negative impact on...23) 有...的技能have ... skills24) 传承传统pass on the tradition25) 表达观点give/express an opinion26) 让某人搭载give a ride to sb27) 有运动病(指晕车、晕船、晕机等)car sickness, ship sickness, air sickness, motion sickness28) 遵守规则obey/ follow a rule29) 遵循当地风俗follow/ obey local custom30) 经历时差jet leg31) 发挥某人的想象力use one’s imagination32) 享受户外的活动enjoy outdoor activities33) 参加、从事文化活动engage in the cultural activities34) 休息时间during recess35) 穿...衣服dress in the costume of36) 穿传统服装traditional costume37) 建立研究中心research center38) 发展文化develop a culture39) 庆祝法定假日national holiday40) 开展活动carry on activities41) 成为青少年的偶像become an idol to teenagers42) 在...方面是某人的对手one’s opponent (i n the general selection)43) 展览be holding/ putting on an exhibition44) 流行，时髦vogue/ fashion45) 被...吸引，沉迷于... be attractive to/ be addicted to46) 去现场看演出attend a live performance47) 欣赏、鉴赏艺术appreciate arts48) 影响某人的行为affect / impact / influence one’s behavior/ have… on sth.49) 接纳另一个国家的风俗adopt a custom from another country50) 有导游陪同的旅游guided tour51) 文化遗产cultural legacy/ heritage52) 整天坐着看电视的人 a couch potato53) 模仿犯罪a copycat crime写作高频场景词汇：Health and environment1) 密集的人口dense population2) 适应环境adjust to the environment3) 濒危动物endangered species/ endangered animals4) 对...过敏be allergic to…5) 有益于心理健康good for mental health6) 身体健康physical fitness7) 感染病毒infect with the virus8) 缺少... lack of/ be short of9) 汽车尾气automobile/ vehicle exhaust10) 照顾残疾人care for the disables11) 导致不正常的气候lead to abnormal climate12) 对环境造成破坏damage to the environment13) 染上...病catch… disease/ get ill/ get infected by AIDS/ bacteria/ virus14) 从事医学研究study on/ engage in medical research15) 消耗能量dissipate energy (dispend驱散-dispensable-indispensable)16) 消耗自然资源consume natural resources/ the consumption of …17) 保护环境protect the environment18) 至于某人的疾病as for someone’s disease19) 严重的食物短缺the serious shortage(excess) of food20) 发展医疗技术develop medical technology21) 每天做运动do sports everyday22) 倾倒工厂废料factory waste dumping/ dump industrial waste23) 教育公众educate the public24) 环境污染environmental pollution/ contamination25) 体检physical examination26) 战胜疾病overcome illness/ fight illness27) 健康的饮食习惯healthy eating habit28) 高热量high heat/ calorie29) 在危急情况下in emergent/ crisis situations30) 在某人的自然状态下In someone's natural state31) 保持均衡的饮食Maintain a balanced diet32) 平局寿命average lifetime33) 降低某人的血压reduce someone’s blood pressure34) 降低某人的压力水平reduce someone’ stress levels35) 管理医疗机构medical institution management36) 不可再生资源non-renewable resources37) 凭处方script(手记) prescription38) 保护环境protect the environment39) 预防疾病prevent disease40) 禁止吸烟no smoking/ smoking prohibited41) 净化污染的空气purify(pure) the air pollution42) 摄取充足的营养absorb/ take in adequate/ abundant nutrition(nutritional)43) 痊愈，恢复recover/ restore44) 缓解人口过剩问题alleviate the problem of overpopulation45) 用尽资源use up/ run out of resources46) 挽救热带雨林save tropical rainforest47) 保持身体健康keep fit/ keep in good health/ maintain physical fitness48) 可持续能源sustainable energy/ lasting energy resources.49) 吃药take medicine/ pills50) 城市扩张urban/ city expansion; urban sprawl写作高频场景词汇：Science and Technology1) 发展医学medical development2) 科技发达developed/ advanced technology3) 将文件附加到电子邮件中attach files to e-mails4) ....的关键plays a key role in…5) 在...重力的作用下under gravity6) 不能没有cannot do without7) 查收电子邮件check e-mails8) 电脑盲the computer-illiterate9) 对...进行研究research on…10) 开创新趋势create a new trend11) 创建网络社区create/ set up an online community.12) 阻拦垃圾邮件block spam/ junk mails13) 尖端科技high-tech/ cutting-edge technology/ sophisticated technology14) 开发核武器develop nuclear weapon15) 发展计算机技术develop computer technology16) 亲自动手do it yourself17) 从...下载软件download software from18) 电子设备electronic equipment19) 提高生活质量improve life quality20) 探索外太空explore outer space21) 使某人面临某事make sb face someting22) 促进交流to promote the communication23) 获得信息gain/ get/ receive information24) 某事处理的不当deal with/ handle something improperly25) 检索信息retrieve information26) 相互影响influence each other/ interaction effects/ interplay(n.v)27) 给电脑编程program computers28) 紧跟全球化的步伐keep pace with the globalization29) 在这全球化的时代in the era/ age of globalization30) 与...保持联系keep close contact with…. / keep in touch.31) 把...输入电脑input … into computers32) 开展太空任务carry out space tasks.33) 连接到互联网connect to the internet34) 有影响，起作用have an influence on/ effect on35) 打长途电话sb is making a long distance call.36) 做出重大突破have a major breakthrough37) 调整adjust/ rectify38) 深入分析further analysis/ in-depth analysis of39) 网上购物shopping online40) 进步make great progress in English/41) 无线连络通信wireless communication42) 用计算机处理信息process information with computers.43) 为某人提供某物offer sb sth/ provide sb with sth. provide sth for sb.44) 到达遥远的地方reach remote place/ reach somewhere tremendously remote45) 向...发射太空探测器human space probe/ detector launch into space46) 缩短距离shorten the distance47) 注册网站sign up for websites/ register for websites/ the website.48) 太空探索the exploration of/ in space; space exploration49) 紧跟科技潮流keep up with/ keep pace closely with/ follow/ the trend of technological development50) 上网spend sb’s time online/ contact to the internet/ surf on the internet/ search… online.51) 捷足先登let sb. get ahead/ beat sb. to the draw.52) 科技发展technology development53) 传送文件send messages54) 打开、关上电脑turn on/ start the computer; turn off/ shut down55) 通讯工具communication tools56) 上市公司listed company。