浅析夜色温柔迪克的希腊神话原型.docx

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在新历史主义语境下探析菲茨杰拉德的《夜色温柔》

是他的一部自传性的小说，描述了主人公精神病医生迪战争的契机大量销售武器并从中获利，一战结束后，美
克・戴弗（ＤｉｃｋＤｉｖｅｒ）在治疗富家女尼克儿・沃伦（Ｎｉｃｏｌｅ国经济技术迅速发展，呈现出一度繁荣，国民全力投人
新历史主义强调历史与文学文本间的新关系，历史追求、上流社会的向往以及红尘中的情感挣扎。菲茨杰
对文学文本的影响以及文学文本对历史的影响。基于新拉德出身于明尼达州的圣保罗，父亲属于美国上流社会历史学家Ｖｅｓｓｅｒ的思想，文学文本不仅体现社会意识，
记，作者创作文本时结合文化、政治和意识等其他因素，Ｓａｙｒｅ），她要菲茨杰拉德许诺只要能过上富裕的生活，就任何文学作品都是一定时期的历史产物。菲茨杰拉德在嫁给他，此时他强烈意识到金钱名利的重要，只有拼命２０世纪２０年代的创作达到顶峰，当时美国经济繁荣，金挣钱才能博得泽尔达的欢心。可见泽尔达对他产生的深钱至上，爵士音乐盛行，年青一代沉迷歌舞，表现出反传刻影响。菲茨杰拉德全身心投入创作，１９２０年《人间天
废。海凳｝不特曾在新历史主义理论中提到文学文本要
一
治疗上，荒废了自己的事业，最终理想破灭，变得消极颓治一点儿不感兴趣，正是爵士乐时代的特色。迷失的美
采用历史文本研究法，历史文本要采用文学研究法。本去麻痹自己。文旨在以新历史主义理论为依据，从“ 文本的历史性” 和 “ 历史的文本性”视角探析小说的创作历史与《夜色温柔》之间的相互影响。

从《夜色温柔》的悲剧解析“美国梦”的破灭

从《夜色温柔》的悲剧解析“美国梦”的破灭作者：贾苏雅来源：《北方文学》2019年第18期摘要：《夜色温柔》是一部揭示了“美国梦”破灭的悲剧作品。

本文从菲茨杰拉德与“美国梦”的关系、主人公迪克“美国梦”破灭的主要原因及爵士时代背景下“美国梦”的难以实现这三个方面来阐述其悲剧性。

这一悲剧是“美国梦”破灭的有力注解。

关键词：菲茨杰拉德;美国梦;悲剧;爵士时代“美国梦”一直以来被认为是积极和成功的象征，深刻影响了世界范围内的人们对它的热烈追求。

美国20世纪10-20年代通过工业革命和高效率的生产实现了经济繁荣，但这些具有激励作用的事实却在一部《夜色温柔》中被戳破，暗示着所谓成功学的破产。

本文将从作品分析入手，探讨主人公的事业、爱情与人生，由此反思资本主义社会固有的弊病。

一、菲茨杰拉德与美国梦《夜色温柔》是美国“爵士时代”的杰出代言人——弗·司各特·菲茨杰拉德（F.Scott Fitzgerald，1896-1940）最为优秀的一部长篇小说。

自20世纪30年代问世以来，本书引起了大量讨论与争议，作者结合自身经历，揭示了爵士时代的纸醉金迷、荒淫无度，上流社会的空虚放纵和道德败坏，并深刻揭露了美国梦的虚伪和欺骗性。

菲茨杰拉德出生于明尼苏达州的圣保罗一个并不富裕的中产阶级家庭，少年时在富家子弟云集的寄宿学校读书，过早的体会到贫富差距给人带来的巨大影响，后来他进入名校普林斯顿大学，醉心于文学创作和文艺社团活动，同时与富家女吉妮芙娜恋爱。

然而，她因菲茨杰拉德贫穷而抛弃了他，使他大受打击。

1917年，菲茨杰拉德参军入伍，准备在战场上建功立业，但战争很快结束，他在赴往前线的途中被召回。

次年，他结识了南方的富家千金泽尔达，泽尔达年轻貌美，富有魅力，有数不清的青年围绕在她身边。

泽尔达与英俊潇洒的菲茨杰拉德彼此倾心，书信不断，却因菲茨杰拉德身无分文而被泽尔达的父亲强烈反对。

泽尔达也不愿为他放弃优渥的生活，两人取消婚约。

温情与忧伤：《夜色温柔》中迪克悲剧命运分析

美国这块土地上，会是均等的，要努力奋斗，个没有鞋机只一
子穿的穷孩子也完全可以成为百万富翁并获得幸福。迪克正
题材的作品，说《色温柔》是其优秀作品之一。《色温小夜就夜
过程中，他沦为迷途的羔羊，并且也仅仅是一相情愿，幻觉，是他不可能也永远不会成为他们的一部分。在这个迷惘混沌的过程中，克精心治疗妻子，合上流社会人士，当理想仆人，慨迪迎充慷地把自己的精力付给尼柯尔，给所有需要他的人。子家族的付妻
柔》以衰败为主题，过描述主人公迪克的悲剧命运，现了通展
美国２世纪２代疯狂的、人的、００年迷自我毁灭的爵士时代社会现状，同时也体现了菲茨杰拉德的人生观。
一
、
关于悲剧
关键词：悲剧；突：争冲抗
中图分类号：０．Ｉ６４１文献标识码：文章编号：６３１９（ｏ９０ — １００Ａ１７ — ９９２０）６０２ — ２
作者简介：妍（９９）女，赵１７一，吉林榆树人，士，庆文理学院（硕重重庆永川４２６）国语学院讲师，事英美文学研究。０１Ｏ外从收稿日期：ｏ９叭一５２０一０

主要人物的悲剧性

一菲茨杰拉德的悲剧人生观始终影响着他的创作,《夜色温柔》无疑是这种影响的最具代表性的产物。

众多评论家普遍认为,菲茨杰拉德的悲剧人生观可以说是出自他本能的悲剧感。

在他致友人的书信中,他将其总结为“一种存在于一切伟大事业之中的东西,就象莎士比亚与亚伯拉罕·林肯一样。

这种东西可以一直追溯到刚开始出现书本的时候———这种人生观最基本的就是认为人生不过是一场骗局,其唯一的结局就是失败,而让获得补偿的东西不是幸福和快乐,而是更深沉的,来自继续奋斗的满足。

”[1]可以说,《夜色温柔》充分验证了菲茨杰拉德这种人生体认。

恩格斯说过,“历史不过是追求着自己目的的人的活动而已。

”[2]所以,人类的悲剧性历史就是通过无数个体的悲具性活动来构成的,而促成这种活动的动机便是对自我的超越。

从悲剧的美学角度来看,自我保存和自我超越的欲望是人的本性,对于自身现状的不满足,就会导致个体冲破自身的现实条件去追求更高的生活目的。

超越而不得便会造成悲剧。

个体在超越的过程中,必然会与周围的一切发生矛盾或冲突,一旦冲突达到了一定程度,就会造成悲剧性的结局。

[3]借着与尼柯尔·沃伦结婚的契机,迪克·戴弗的自我超越从表面上看已然与爱情相结合。

一方面,他为尼柯尔的美貌与不幸遭遇所倾倒,对她产生了爱情;另一方面,他无法抗拒沃伦家族能够提供给他的他内心向往的地位和财富。

借其家族提供一切条件成就他的事业的愿望也同时促成他接受了这个富人世界并充满自信地步入其中,将自己对于爱情和事业结合在一起的理想当作赌注押在与尼柯尔的婚姻上,实质上仅仅成为为他人服务的工具,他在爱情与财富的关系中模糊了清醒的意识,在实现理想的过程中沦为迷途的羔羊。

《了不起的盖茨比》中的盖茨比意图得到财富以实现自我,迪克却在财富中逐渐失去自我。

在温柔富贵的表层下,“一种质的变化”[4]在发生着,随着尼柯尔病情的逐渐好转,迪克被沃伦家族继续利用的价值已不复存在,尼柯尔自我意识的恢复也使得他被抛弃的隐患逐渐显露端倪。

悲剧的人生选择——《夜色温柔》中迪克形象的精神分析解读

中图分类号：１Ｉ２７文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：６４５８（０１０－０４０１７－７７２１）１０４－３衡．会实现人格的正常发展，果ｉ者失常或是破坏，就如人就会处于不正常的状态。《色温柔》迪克将这三个夜中
要进行一项新的研究．对一千五百个病例进行考查．要分
有深度的、更有文学研究价值的小说。长期以来，多评众
论家、读者将主人公迪克的梦幻破灭以致走向堕落的原因归结为资产阶级上流社会的罪恶．即上层资产者的自私与腐化．其精神分析研究方法也多限于对女主人公尼科尔的解读为此．本文以弗洛伊德精神分析理论为视角．男主人公迪克的心理和行为进行分析．对探讨导致其悲惨人生的内在根源．指出主人公的悲剧并非完全是外
小说打破了传统作品中的时空设置，对时空进行了巧妙的跳跃式的组合全书分为三个部分．中第二部分其以倒叙开始．叙述有关迪克与尼科尔１１９７年至１１９９年期间在瑞士苏黎世初恋时的情况这段期间．克是一个迪有前途的心理医生．个道德上近乎完美的人他立志要一做个出色的心理学家．也许是有史以来最出色的心理学家．．他对他的生活安排井然有序，要将小册子整理成书稿，订成《修精神病医生心理学》。如果有时间的话，还他

《夜色温柔》中狄克的心理学视角剖析

《夜色温柔》中狄克的心理学视角剖析
任玲;翟慧丽
【期刊名称】《河北联合大学学报（社会科学版）》
【年(卷),期】2015(000)003
【摘要】美国作家菲茨杰拉尔德的《夜色温柔》自出版以来，一度被评论界冷落，被认为并不是作者的代表作品。

原因在于当时的评论界把这部作品只看作是作者的一个自传。

但对《夜色温柔》的文本作深层分析后，不难看出这部小说的创作受到了弗洛伊德和荣格的精神分析学的巨大影响。

因此这部小说不应该从作者个人经历或是从社会意义的角度进行剖析，必须从人物的心理入手。

依据荣格的“情结理论”和“人格面具理论”，对小说男主人公狄克的心理进行了细致的分析，从而表明《夜色温柔》这部作品具有高度的心理学价值，是对二十年代美国人灵魂深处的刻画，昭示了现代西方人深刻的精神危机。

【总页数】5页(P140-144)
【作者】任玲;翟慧丽
【作者单位】忻州师范学院，山西忻州 034000;忻州师范学院，山西忻州034000
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】C9128.2
【相关文献】
1.《夜色温柔》中狄克的心理学视角剖析 [J], 任玲;翟慧丽;
2.《夜色温柔》中的“恋父情结”剖析 [J], 赵晓燕;
3.《夜色温柔》中的"恋父情结"剖析 [J], 赵晓燕
4.温柔夜色中的得与失——从《夜色温柔》看菲茨杰拉德小说中梦幻破灭主题的深化 [J], 秦苏珏;程锡麟
5.《夜色温柔》中主人公狄克的堕落 [J], 李冬
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

女性化的“他”——从双性同体论看《夜色温柔》中的迪克

女性化的“他”——从双性同体论看《夜色温柔》中的迪克陈滢宇【摘要】作为菲茨杰拉德最重要的后期作品,《夜色温柔》是“喧嚣的20年代”的典型代表作,小说主人公迪克是个有着明显女性特质的男子.通过分析其女性化倾向为突破口,并对其日常行为及之后的堕落做出解释.【期刊名称】《贵阳学院学报（社会科学版）》【年(卷),期】2013(008)001【总页数】3页(P85-87)【关键词】菲茨杰拉德;迪克;双性同体【作者】陈滢宇【作者单位】四川大学外国语学院,四川610065【正文语种】中文【中图分类】I1作为“喧嚣的20年代”代言人，菲茨杰拉德本人作为公众人物却也融入属于这个时代的浮华。

从他小说中的人物我们往往可以看到他自己的影子，同时也可以略知他对这个时代的理解。

虽属“迷惘的一代”，菲茨杰拉德对生命价值的追逐从未停止。

就像《夜色温柔》中的迪克·戴弗，他也在一片混杂中迷惘。

“他(菲茨杰拉德)说他发现自己小说的主人公只能是他本人，他除了自己以外写不出其他主人公。

”［2］41所以由于迪克表现出如此多的女性化特征，我们可以推测菲茨杰拉德本人身上也可能具有这种矛盾。

迪克，这个《夜色温柔》真正的主角，本身性格是很复杂的。

他有“女性的思维驻在男性的身体”，或者叫做双性同体，这不能被称作“堕落”。

因为弗洛伊德认为这与普通人没有很多显著的差别，而且他的工作及生活能力总体上不会表现出很明显的减弱，因此他周围的人很难注意到他的女性化特质。

再看迪克双性同体化的表现，我们可以瞥见作者的创作意图及迪克堕落之源。

小说中，也正是迪克女性化的一面使他吸引到两位女主角罗斯玛丽和尼科尔。

罗斯玛丽对迪克说:“你喜欢帮助所有的人，对不对?”［1］83妈妈就喜欢帮助每一个人”［1］84。

她觉得迪克有母性气质。

尼科尔在她给迪克的信中更直接地写道:“不过，你似乎比别人安静得多，温和得像只大猫。

我喜欢那些有点女孩子气的小伙子。

你有这样的脾气吗?有时候是有点。

夜色温柔英语文学论文

XX UniversityCONTRADICTORY LIFE---ON THE CONNECTION BETWEEN DICK’S DUAL PERSONALITY AND HIS TRAGIC FATEA ThesisSubmitted to the College of Foreign Language and Culture Studies In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements forDegree of Bachelor of ArtsByxxxUnder Supervision of Professor xxxJune 2015摘要《夜色温柔》是20世纪美国著名作家菲茨杰拉德以自己为原型创作的长篇小说。

该论文研究了本书主人公迪克·戴佛的双重人格形成原因和其悲剧命运的必然性。

本论文分三章进行了讨论：第一章介绍迪克双重人格的体现，主要表现在他日神精神和酒神精神的交错互响上；第二章探讨了其双重人格的成因，社会风气的异常和自身性格的矛盾难辞其咎；第三章分析了双重人格导致的结局，性格中的绝对矛盾必然导致一系列悲剧的诞生。

从某种意义上讲，迪克自我毁灭的结局从一开始就注定了。

关键词：双重人格；自我毁灭；悲剧AbstractTender is the Night is a proto-novel written by the famous American writer in the 20th century F. Scott Fitzgerald who wrote this novel for his own prototype. This paper studied the formation reasons of the protagonist in this book Dick Diver's dual personality and the necessity of his tragic fate. This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the embodiment of Dick’s dual personality. He is struggling in his Apollonian spirit and Dionysian spirit. The second chapter discusses the cause of his dual personality. The anomalies of social climate and contradictions in his own character are to blame such dual personality. The third chapter analyzes the results that dual personality leads to. The absolute contradiction in his character inevitably leads to a series of tragedy. In a sense, self-destruction as Dick’s ending is doomed from the start.Key Words: dual personality; self-destruction; tragedyContents摘要 (2)Abstract (3)Introduction (5)Chapter 1 (6)Embodiment of the dual personality (6)1.1 Apollonian spirit (6)1.2 Dionysian spirit (6)Chapter 2 (8)Cause of the dual personality (8)2.1 Dick’s contradictory characters (8)2.2 Social environment (8)Chapter 3 (10)Results of the dual personality (10)3.1 Self-indulgence (10)3.2 Self-destruction (10)Conclusion (12)Bibliography (13)IntroductionFrancis Scott Key Fitzgerald(1896-1940), who occupies an enduring and outstanding position in American literary history, is peculiar as well as enigmatic with his special lifetime which is full of ups and downs. Rarely does any other writer in American literary history possess so many titles such as the spokesman and laureate of the Jazz Age, one of the typical representatives of the Lost Generation, a popular or serious social writer, and so forth. Because of the divergent critical assertions on Fitzgerald, his works, especially TITN(Hereafter, Tender Is the Night is abbreviated as TITN) still undergo a complicated journey of acceptance in critical world.At its first publication in 1934, TITN was confronted with many unfavorable criticisms, which made Fitzgerald headed into obscurity. For the new structure of the novel, many critics reckoned that it was confusing and that the real reason for the hero's degeneration was notaccounted clearly.Since 1960s, the social and historical significance and artistic values of TITN have been re-evaluated. And more than 1000 critical articles and over 10 books on TITN have been published. At the very beginning of 21th century, Chinese academia has made enormous progress in the study of Fitzgerald.All criticisms from home and abroad have built a foundation for an eventual acceptance of TITN as a lasting, brilliant work which intensified Fitzgerald's literary reputation and position. However, through close reading both of the novel and its literature review, the author of this thesis finds that the review of TITN mainly focuses on the analysis of its disillusioned theme, or peculiar structure system but rarely refers to the connection between Dick’s dual personality and his tragic fate. Besides, there are still prejudiced and controversial opinions on Fitzgerald and TITN.Last but not least, the accumulation of studies on Fitzgerald and TITN has already reached a state that the research should be furthered as time develops by discovering new angle of exploration and new method of analysis. The tragic aesthetic sense of TITN and the duality of Apollonian and Dionysian spirits of Nietzsche's theory on tragedy are respectively such a rarely trodden field and a new approach that few former scholars have worked upon.In TITN, the tragic figure Dick epitomizes the author's own tragic experiences of life and self-contradictory dual personality with his inner conflicts. From point, this thesis, based upon the previous scholar's research about the tragedy of TITN aims at further analyzing the tragic consciousness of Fitzgerald and the contradictory dual personality of the protagonist Dick as a tragic figure by employing Apollonian and Dionysian spirits of Nietzsche's early theory on tragedy.This thesis is divided into three chapters. The first chapter introduces the embodiment of Dick’s dual personality. He is struggling in his Apollonian spirit and Dionysian spirit. The second chapter discusses the cause of his dual personality. The anomalies of social climate and contradictions in his own character are to blame such dual personality. The third chapter analyzes the results that dual personality leads to. The absolute contradiction in his character inevitably leads to a series of tragedy.Chapter 1Embodiment of the dual personality1.1 Apollonian spiritIn this chapter, the author of the thesis mainly anatomizes the Apollonian spirit that is reflected by Dick. Dick is much similar to handsome Apollo possessing various attributes which are much akin to those of Apollo, such as confidence, rationality, soberness, repose, ideal, and so forth.Apollo who is the symbol of all the beautiful illusion or appearance, is very handsome and gentle. Franz praises him that: "You are attractive to women, Dick" (TITN 153). In the novel, women especially Nicole and Rosemary are attracted by Dick's Apollonian figure at first sight.Dick's mature attractiveness as Apollo is mostly exhibited to readers by Rosemary in the first section of the novel. Rosemary believes that Dick is the most wonderful person she has ever met. She admires and adores him: "His step was alert as if he had just come from some great doings and was hurrying on toward others. Organizer of private gaiety, curator of a richly encrusted happiness. His hat was a perfect hat and he carried a heavy stick and yellow gloves" (TITN 87)According to Nietzsche, "Apollo is the most sublime expression of the repose of man wrapped in his individuality一sublime in that, by his very distance, by the way in which he exceeds earth-faring men, he draws them up into their repose" (The Birth of Tragedy 33).In a word, the external qualities and manners of Dick bear a striking likeness to that of Apollo. Possessing some enchantment of Apollonian nature, Dick has a chance to temporarily climb to upper class as a popular socialite.1.2 Dionysian spiritIn TITN , Dick at first leaves an impression of Apollonian temperament as a self-confident and promising doctor on the people who spend their summer holiday on the beach of French Riviera. However, underneath his shinning fantasy, which appeals to people's admiration, the irrational, chaotic and frenzied Dionysian spirit is unconsciously arising in him. As Zhu Guangqian puts it: "It is indeed very difficult to imagine a person with a purer `Apollonian spirit' and a greater dissociation with the `Dionysian spirit"' (The Psychology of Tragedy 12), Dick also has specialties of Dionysus.Thus, it reminds us of the phenomenon that pain begets joy, that jubilation may wring sounds of agony Dick, who is inwardly on the verge of breakdown whileoutwardly keeping good, slowly shows his Dionysia characteristics with his consequential self-indulgence in the extramarital love with Rosemary and his excessive drinking as well as his violent behaviors.Chapter 2Cause of the dual personality2.1 Dick’s contradictory charactersDick is a bounded, full of hope for the future, family and love, a promising young psychiatrists. Since he met Nicole, he showed his uncommon kindness and extremely optimistic attitude toward life. For a long time, Dick has been trying to assume the dual responsibility of the husband and doctor. And he was suffering from high society, Warren family and his wife who is a seriously mental patient. Under the pressure, he still shows the elegant demeanor. Because Nicole herself is an upper-class victims of materialistic expansion, moral decay. She was insanitied by her biological father, this story inspired Dick strong compassion. He once had dreams completing his great medicine book.But this is just Dick’s ideal kingdom. He eventually returned to his ontology. In the sixth year after marriage, young and close of rosemary with bold and directness, bud intelligence sinus into his "quiet place". She obsessed with Dick and unreservedly to express the emotion. After all sorts of struggle, he got divorced with Nicole abandoning all elaboration in past decade. And quietly went back to the remote town in the western United States with the end of the business decline gradually. Ten years he experienced hope, depression, guilt, anger, disappointment, such as multiple emotional change. These feelings of internal cause and external cause made him struggling, aggregation, splitting. And eventually made Dick a man with extremely complexed contradiction, complexed emotions.2.2 Social environmentIn addition to Dick's own personality, social factor is also to blame. In his era, there are only parties, dance and drink. The Jazz Age will be shrouded in a tender and soft in the dim light of night without any bright future. This is an era full of contradictions, boom and unrest, peace and riots, the postwar new ideas and traditional values. The rapid development of economy, science and technology stimulates the brain of the people. Everyone has its own "American dream" in their heart. In TITN , Dick married life romantic and luxurious, frequented cocktail parties, travelling to Europe. But Jazz Age of prosperity and peace is the illusion of a table only. Experienced the devastation of the First War, the traditional moral ideas are collapsed, people expect a lasting peace. Hedonism became a kind of fashion, they binge at the cocktail party seeking stimulation. Disillusionment of "American dream" made people feel the unprecedented unrest in the empty and insensitive.Dick wanted to a great doctor, the temptation of time made him indulged in material world. He wanted to keep the economic independence and personality dignity, but he eventually gave up to money.People in Jazz Age destined to the collapse of the spirit of tragedy fate. The Jazz Age is the age when people live a life without soul. And a soul like Dick’s soul could not escape traps and finally come to the collapse of spirit. Dick's tragedy is not only his own tragedy, but also the tragedy of The Times.Chapter 3Results of the dual personality3.1 Self-indulgenceAt the beginning of the novel, Dick is viewed from the eyes of Rosemary Hoyt. Dick, seriously exhausted by the patronage, is immediately and unavoidably attracted by Rosemary's youthful vigor and enthusiasm, which he used to own and now has lost for a long time.According to the explanation of Zhu Guangqian who will give full rein to his primitive instincts, and abandons himself with his fellow-revelers to riotous orgies of sexual licenses. Dick slowly starts to get on the way of self-indulgence as Rosemary incessantly seduces him with her power of beauty and enthusiastic passion. Dick eventually abandons all moral restricts and disciplines and as well as forgets her youth. He kisses her breathlessly, and "Lovers now they fell ravenously on the quick seconds" (TITN 85). Now, Dick "was out of line with everything that had preceded it [...] and behaving as he did was a projection of some submerged reality: he was compelled to walk here, or stand here" (TITN 105). This submerged reality is virtually Dionysian spirit, simulating and driving Dick to addict to self-indulgence, which marks a turning point in his life.Dick gives up his sober and self-restrained nature and acts as a self-indulgent person. "He was in love with every pretty woman he saw now, their forms at a distance, their shadows on a wall" (TITN 176). He doesn't hesitate a moment but resumes affair with Rosemary at once. "She wanted be taken and she was, and what had begun with a childish infatuation on a beach was accomplished at last" (TITN 248).From the self-indulgence in extremarital love with Rosemary, Dick plunges into stronger sense of desperation, slump and loss. As a result, he addicts himself to excessive alcohol for the sake of searching for another way of salvation.3.2 Self-destructionDick’s self-destructin is revealed on his drunkness.The first time we meet Dick, he is "going from umbrella to umbrella carrying a bottle and little glasses in his hands" (TITN 11).From that point on, there is alcohol involved in almost every scene. In the beginning, he has taken to drink a little because the alcohol perhaps would bring Rosemary "closer to him, [it may] be a part of the equipment for what she had do" (TITN 70). Later, he gradually continues to develop a narcotic alcoholism.Matthew J. Bruccoli analyzes that: The holiday in Rome shows a break up of a fine personality Unlike "The Beautiful and the Damned the break-up will be caused not by flabbiness but really tragic forces such as the inner conflicts of the idealists and the compromises forced upon him by circumstances. (Some Sort of Epic Gander 332) After being drunk, Dick often offend someone. Nicole is furious at Dick for having become fuddled and humiliated. She believes that "his awful faculty of being right seemed to have deserted him at last" has gone bankruptcy TITN 275). Consequently, Dick's promising career because of the betrayal of the cooperator who `never after believed that Dick was a serious person" (TITN 280).On all accounts, Dick's wild, reckless actions represented by his self-indulgence and self-destruction. However, his final tramping from one small town to another is not the indication of his full degeneration. It demonstrates that Dick has realized the cruelreality and the dark side of life. In the end, Dick in fact has eventually transformed himself from a priest to a tragic hero by tramping among small and obscure villages, which implies the final formation of his tragic outlook on life.ConclusionThis paper studied the protagonist Dick's dual personality formation reasons and the necessity of his tragic fate. And there is an inseparable connection between these. The cause of his contradictory character is the indirect factors which leads to his tragedy fate. Distortion of Dick's personality and social climate make the end of tragic fate doomed. Although the author ends the Dick's life in the form of self-destruction. There are still many worthy of praise among Dick. The positive image in his contradictory character is an envy of most people highly. He could have overcome all troubles he met with his Apollonian spirit. This warning: even the world gives all sorts of reason to make us fall, we still can choose to be strong.BibliographyAndrew, Turnbull. The Letters of F. S Fitzgerald.[M] New York : Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951Bruccoli, Matthew J. Some Sort of Epic Grandeur: the Life of F. Scott Fitzgerald.[M] Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2002.Day, Giskin. Medical classics Tender is the Night By F. Scott Fitzgerald. [J] Views & Reviews. V ol. 335, (2007): 1215Fitzgerald F. S. K. Tender is the Night. [M] New York: Scribner, 1995.Hughes, Riley. F. Scott Fitzgerald: The Touch of Disaster. [J] in Fifty Years of the American Novel, A Christian Appraisal, ed., Harold C. Gardiner, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951. 135一149.Mansell, Darnel. Self-Distain in Tender Is the Night. [J] The Midwest Quarterly, V ol. 45, Iss.3 (2004): 227-240.Nietzsche, Friedrich. The Birth of Tragedy. [M] Edited by Raymond Geuss and Ronald Speirs; translated by Ronald Speirs. Cambridge, U.K.; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.Thi Huong Giang Bu. Hysterical Fantasy in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s Tender is the Night [J]Studies in Literature and Language V ol. 5, No. 2 (2012): 29-35Zhu Guangqian. The Psychology of Tragedy. Hong Kong: Joint Pub. Co. (HK), 1987. 李永霞.日神精神与酒神精神的交响--论《夜色温柔》中迪克的双重人格[D].中南大学.2008尼采.悲剧的诞生:尼采美学文选[M].周国平译，北京:三联书店,1986.吴莉.爵士时代的精神崩溃—评《夜色温柔》中迪克的悲剧命运[J].重庆电子工程职业学院学报，2009第18卷（2）.张勤，熊荣斌.逃离理想王国走向本体的回归—评《夜色温柔》的悲剧审美意义[J].四川外语学院学报，1999（4）,36-40.朱光潜，悲剧心理学[M].合肥:安徽教育出版社，1996.。

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浅析夜色温柔迪克的希腊神话原型
纵观有关《夜色温柔》的研究文献，国内外学者虽然都表达了自己的观点，也对观点进行了细致地分析和陈述，但是通过中国知网的查询得知，目前还没有将《夜色温柔》中的主要人物迪克，与希腊神话中日神阿波罗、酒神狄奥尼修斯结合研究的文献。

在贾文浩，贾文渊（2001）翻译的《夜色温柔》中，认为，《夜色温柔》这部源自于美国二十世纪的经典文学作品，无人不知当时美国最为有才华和杰出的作家菲茨杰拉德。

《夜色温柔》是菲茨杰拉德的代表作品之一，也是最为经典的作品。

菲茨杰拉德在作品中描述了一个出身低微、身份普通，却有着出众才华、远大志向的迪克。

小说的时间设定在1917到1930年之间，发生在欧洲大陆的一个“悲剧爱情、自我放逐”的故事，菲茨杰拉德在小说中融合了自身的亲身经历，将美国的爵士时代社会的浮华与衰败充分地展现出来。

在毛佳的“《夜色温柔》主人公迪克新解读——一个在美国梦中觉醒的存在主义英雄”中提到，迪克对罗斯玛丽感情的变化却出现在当她的追求者科利斯向迪克讲述她与他的朋友希利斯同在一个卧铺包厢反锁上门并且还拉上窗帘并同乘务员发生误会争吵的事。

尽管科利斯说他们其实没做什么错事，但“迪克想象出其中的每一个细节，对包厢里的那一对不幸的男女感到了嫉妒，他觉得自己的思想感情在发生变化。

这种嫉妒成为迪克心中挥之不去的阴影，成为他感情出轨的导火索。

他由被动转为主动，开始接受并且陷入了与罗斯玛丽情感的漩涡。

许涵在“对《夜色温柔》的新解读”中认为，在迪克的爱情中不难看出，迪克对爱情的追求和对爱情的向往，与日神阿波罗与达芙妮的爱情故事有相似之处。

迪克的外表和行为在很大程度上都展现出日神阿波罗的特质和气质，在阿波罗的眼中，达芙妮虽然没能成为他的妻子，但是阿波罗的真心永远不会改变，这份真心中夹杂着一丝私心、一丝真诚，最终阿波罗赐达芙妮永远年轻不会衰老，最终，达芙妮象征黎明，阿波罗追逐达芙妮正如太阳追逐着黎明，和对爱亘古不变的追逐被后人传为佳话。

张泉在“《夜色温柔》的互文性解读”中认为，《夜色温柔》特殊的创作过程造成了其阐释的复杂性和多义性,尤其是对主人公迪克的塑造成为学者争论的焦点之一。

迪克的故事曲折、坎坷，但是从迪克的身上能看出许多闪光和与希腊
人物之中相似之处。

虽然，迪克在外表和行为上的光鲜亮丽、魅力十足，但是在受到了上流社会的诱惑后，迪克的内心波动却与酒神有着十分相似之处，狄奥尼修斯是唯一凡人血统的酒神，是宙斯与一位凡间女子塞默勒的儿子，狄奥尼修斯有双重性格，既能带给人类欢乐和迷醉，同时又残忍、易怒—像酒一样。

这一点与迪克的自我放逐、放纵不羁很相似。

迪克爱上并娶了一个与父亲乱伦而患上精神病的女子为妻，在一般人看来，这是疯狂的不理智的行为，而且也是一件不名誉的事情，但迪克・戴弗就是这样一个人，自我放纵，不顾他人的目光。

参考文献：
[1]毛佳.《夜色温柔》主人公迪克新解读——一个在美国梦中觉醒的存在主义英雄[J].安徽文学(下半月).2010(05)
[2]张泉.《夜色温柔》的互文性解读[J].滁州职业技术学院学报.2009(04)
[3]许涵.对《夜色温柔》的新解读[J].四川教育学院学报.2009(02)
[4](美)菲茨杰拉德[著],贾文浩,贾文渊译.夜色温柔[M].北京燕山出版社,2001。