TOEFL写作题型
写作题型一、单一类：1.价值判断—利弊类Should，better，important, necessary etc【e.g.1】challenging plans rather than practical plansPros：challenging plan（1）、个人：improve skills；fulfill potential；persistence\perseverance\tenacity; strong will; （2）、他人、朋友: win more support from friends（3）、社会、国家:developmentCons:（1）、个人：greater chance of successConfidence；less pressure—sense of security；（2）、朋友：win support from friends（朋友认为是一个可靠负责的人）朋友是万能角度（3）、社会国家：development；accumulated efforts lead to great revolution.【e.g.2】选课类话题（history, basic science, art, economy, foreign languages, foreign culture etc.）此类题目统一说不选，不选的理由唯一：压力大（high pressure）；花钱多（expensive tuition）Firstly，the extra history courses put too much academic pressure on students. 【解释：majors，GPA，job competition，social activity，love relationship，sleeplessness，insomnia】【例子：medicine，lab，internship，w: cases, memorize rules, research, debating skills, social......】Secondly, the compulsory history courses lead to skyrocketing tuition fees.【e.g.3】高薪类话题统一选高薪：（1）、衣食住行：Money meets basic needs… luxury goods（2）、满足兴趣爱好（3）、帮助他人（4）、赢得尊重A low-paid job secure job is better than a job with a high salary but easy to lose.Money meets basic needs.衣With enough money, we can buy ourselves clothes of top quality and fashion, which make us a smarter and more successful look.食Eggs, meat and milk can be added to our daily diet, keeping us away from malnourishment.住: Spacious and bright houses will be available to us if we have a high-paid job. Instead, we will no longer need to suffer crowds in dark and small shelters.行:We can enjoy the rapidity and safety brought by the most modern and brand transportation rather than worry about missing the last bus all day long.奢侈品：In addition, some luxury goods, like Dior，LV，Chanel and Gucci will be affordable to us, helping us lead a more decent life.Money allows us to pursue individual interests like golf…Money enables us to help others in need.A high-paid job receives more respect. Roll out red carpet…二、复合类2、现象证明类－事实类复合类：条件、转折、因果【e.g.1】Challenging plans are better than practical plans.First，persistence，strong-willed.解释：difficulties，problems，troubles，例子：Edison，light bulbs，lampCarbonized paperBamboo（1）为什么challenging：laugh at，failures，discourage，（2）如何Persistence：Second, propel move forward.解释：greater contribution，profound例子：Wright Brothers；（1）发明飞机很challenging：limitation，.......（2）如何发展：Firstly, the challenging plans teach us the value of perseverance. It is because there are always more difficulties and troubles waiting for the challenging planners on their way to success. They must be strong-willed enough to conquer the troubles and achieve the goal. Edison, the world-famous inventor who brings light to us, serves as a good example. He decided to improve the lighting efficiency of lamps by seeking for the most suitable materials. However, he was misunderstood by his peers and suffered the mockery. Even his friends and family tried to persuaded him out of his plan. When failures repeated, Edison just clinged to his ambition and hope with a strong will. Finally, he successfully found the most material, bamboo, which greatly improve the efficiency of the lamp. His experience made him realize the importance of a strong will and perseverance. He was able to view every failure as a step towards success, which made him the greatest inventor of the time.Second, challenging plans propel the society to move forward. It is because ambitious planners usually bring greater contribution to society, which profoundly change our way of life. Take Wright Brothers, the inventor of the first plane, as an example. Flying like a bird in the sky had been the widest dream for people for thousands of years. But most of them just considered it as a joke. Wright Brothers took it seriously. Despite the material and technology limitations, they persisted in the experiments. No matter how many people misunderstood and laughed at them, they just kept on trying and never gave up. Thanks to their efforts, the distance between people has been largely shortened. It only took a couple of hours to have a transcontinental trip today instead of suffering fatigue and seasickness in a ship for several months.【e.g.2】Ads make the products seem better than they really are.找原因：(1)To attract consumers, make money(2)Art effect, technique, graphic processing software beautify the figures, instant noodles(3)Celebrities endorsement account for the exaggeration拆分：（1）Food ads: instant noodles, McDonald’s（2）Daily consuming: tooth paste, shampoo（3）Durable consuming goods: HP, Toyota (brake)（4）Drug: weight-losing, cold-fighting（5）Real estate开头结尾：In this day and age, we are bombarded by all kinds of advertisements. Some people argue that ads present objective information about products. I disagree. According to my observation, most ads exaggerate the products for following reasons.In conclusion, ads do make the products much better than they really are in order to attract consumers, achieve are effects, or through celebrities endorsement. As a result, consumers should be rational enough to prevent being lured by the exaggerated ads.【e.g.2】T echnology makes people’s lives simpler in turn to make people’s lives more complicated.拆分：transportation, Internet, nuclear, drug【e.g.3】Movies and TVs have more negative effects than positive effects on young people.Neg.:（1）Physical：eyesight, overweight（2）Mental: violence, pornographic information（3）Social: harm social ties（4）Distracted: study efficiencyPos.:（1）Relax（2）Make friends（3）Intellectual stimulation, broaden horizon, exercise imagination3、今昔对比＋预测类可找原因的方面：（1）科技发展：scientific and technological development（2）环境污染：environmental pollution（3）观念扭转：opinion、thought、idea、ideology（4）社会福利发展：social welfare【e.g.1】In twenty years, there will be few er cares in use than in today.同意：（1）New means of transportation（2）Protect the environment（3）No longer consider cars as the symbol of wealth and social status（4）Free public transportation反对：（1）Advanced economic cars（2）New source of energy（3）Consider the cars of the symbol of wealth（4）People have spare money to buy cars【e.g.2】People are now easier to become educated than in the past.（1）科技：Internet & distant learning, study efficiency: computer-based teaching system, smart board, projector—concentrated and focused（2）观念：平等Girls who are not knowledgeable are considered as with great virtues;serve husband and children;（3）社会福利：tuition fees，Nine-year compulsory education system in China，Hope elementary school开头结尾：Education plays an increasing important role in national prosperity and individual development. Some people argue that it is more difficult for us to receive education nowadays than in the past due to higher tuition fees and lower admission rate. I disagree. According to my observation, people nowadays are much easier to be educated for following reasons.In conclusion, receiving education has become much easier for people in modern society 【because of the progresses in technology, traditional concepts and social welfare. It is foreseeable that in the future people all around the word will be able to access the best education freely.】中间段落：Firstly，the rapid development of science and technology greatly facilitates the education.【supporting】The reasons are twofold. For one thing, the popularity of Internet diversifies the way of learning. Children in distant places and adults who passed the school age are able to attend classes through Internet. For example, Harvard and Yale Universities recently promoted open courses online. With a click of mouse, people can enjoy the wonderful lectures given by professors in top universities at home. For another thing, advanced teaching and learning facility improves studying efficiency. In the past, most classrooms were only equipped with blackboards and chalks. Students had to suffer the nagging dust and tedious lectures which easily distracted them from their task. Nowadays, the smart boards, projectors and computer-based teaching system provide both audio and visual stimulation to students, greatly arousing their interests and enlightening them with higher efficiency. 【例子】… …Secondly, the progresses in traditional ideas make it possible for easier education. In ancient time, girls were prohibited to go to schools because of the traditional prejudice that girls who are not knowledgeable are considered as with great virtues. As a result, women were limited to their roles in serving husband and children and doing the housework. As the development of feminist movement, females have been gradually liberated from the heavy workload. They are entitled with the equal right to attend classes as boys. Nowadays it is not uncommon to see that so many girls are encouraged to study hard and apply for the world-renowned universities in pursuit of their own dreams.Finally, more people are able to receive education thanks to the development of social welfare. According to a survey conducted by China Education Research Center (CERC), poling illiterate people aged from 30 to 70, 85% respondents confessed that it is poverty that deprived them of the opportunity to receive education. Nevertheless, poor students and schools can receive more government subsidies nowadays. For example, Beijing started a program called “Never lose a student” recently, announcing that students whose family annual revenue is below the average can be exempted from paying tuition fees. My brother, xx benefited a lot from the policy. After leaving schools for more than 3 years, he was able to return to his classes.4、政府投资类Government should误区：which one is more important?支持段写法：角度一：A更符合民众的需求（需要A的人更多，其好处更显著），是政府职责所在（serve the public）角度二：A花费巨大，只能由政府承担角度三：承认B也需要钱也被人们需要，但是B的钱可以不由政府出（企业、个人、团体……）【e.g.1】The government should spend more money on environment protection than on economic growth.（1）Public healthFirstly，environmental protection is closely related to public health.Global warming——Carbon dioxide——the emission of wasted car gases——melting ice cap；Desertification——deforestation——sand storm\drought\floodEco-balance\ecological balanceSustainable developmentChemical industry; pour exhaust;Sewage disposable systemIt is the responsibility\obligation to provide healthy living environment for people.Secondly, both the government and public will benefit enormously from environmental protection. 【sustainable development；reputation；】（2）环保事业花费大Trees, labor force, technology, research fund, publicizing, nationwide issue（3）让步段可以由如alumni等人出钱【e.g.2】The Gov. should focus its budget more on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playground.艺术的作用：Character education\mold and shape our character\teach us values and virtues Enhance\benefit\promote cultural environment艺术相关词汇：Vienna--Austria; concert hall;The enigmatic smile of Mona LisaStarry Night; Vincent V an GoghPicassoMozart——Magic FluteBeethovenBachThe 5th symphony：Immersed in beautiful melody of the 5th symphony written by Beethoven; The Louvre Palace, Paris5、幸福类Maslow需求金字塔：Basic needs->sense of security->emotionalneeds->respect/approval->self-actualization【e.g.1】People who do not work because they have enough money are rarely happy.【背景扯淡】The sense of happiness has become a luxury for people in modern society.【对方观点】Some people argue that it is the heavy workload and fiscal burden deprive them of their happiness, considering rich men who are free from the work as the happiest group in the world.【我方观点】I disagree.【给快乐下定义】In my opinion, happiness is highly related to basic needs, sense of security and emotional needs. (respect from others\self-actualization). We cannot achieve satisfaction in all three facts with money.Admittedly，money does meet basic needs. A large amount of money exempts us from worrying about mortgage, rent and tuition fees. W e can dress ourselves in clothes of top quality and fashion, eat organic food, drive brand cars and live in spacious and bright houses. Moreover, some luxury goods, such as Dior, Chanel and Gucci will also be available to us. However, happiness means much more than the satisfaction of basic needs. It is superficial to equate wealth to happiness…In conclusion, 【总结主论点】people who do not work because they have enough money can hardly happy ( 【总结分论点】due to a lack of security and love.)【提出建议】As a result, people, especially the young, are strongly suggested to engage themselves in hardworking in pursuit of true happiness.【e.g.2】People today will be happier if they have few er possessions.Firstly，money cannot bring us sense of security. 【supporting sentence】安全感是什么？钱如何破坏安全感？We have a desire to feel safe at home, in the workplace, and in society. We want to know we are secure now and will continue to be in the future. However, sometimes such desires may be frustrated because of the uncertainty brought by money. It is not uncommon to see that so many millionaires suffer anxiety because they have to be alert to everyone, even their family and friends, to prevent greedy eyes on their assets.【例子】According to survey conducted by China Social Psychology Research Institute (CSPRI), polling entrepreneurs aged from 35 to 75, 63% respondents confessed that they suffered some psychological diseases, such as melancholia and mania, caused by a lack of security.Secondly，love cannot be bought directly with money. Love has nothing to do with wealth. Sometimes money even taint\rein\destroy\defile our love. Nowadays some girls tend to follow the rich men, which casts doubt on their seemingly genuine love that whether the hidden motive is actually money.【举例子】My friend, xx, serves as a good example. He used to have a gorgeous girlfriend who claimed to love him wholeheartedly. Everyone admired the couple until the bankruptcy of xx’s family. Ironically, instead of helping and comforting xx, the girl left him without a single word. xx desperately found out that what he lost was not only money, but also love. The incident struck him tremendously and made him realize that money may obstruct his way to true love.We cannot obtain respect and approval from society through money. 【解释句】In modern society, those accomplished people who work hard with strong determination are admired by the public. In contrast, rich people who do not work are considered as parasites and despised for they reap a lot without sowing.【举例】Take concubines in China as a good example. In this day and age, the compulsion of rich businessmen and jumped-up officials to prove their wealth and power by the number and gorgeousness of their mistresses is a majorfactor in the growth of corruption in China. Though the life of these mistresses is decorated with luxury goods, brand cars and luxurious villa. They can rarely receive any respect. In contrast, they are looked down upon by the public and criticized for breaking families and misleading young girls.Self-actualization cannot be achieved with money. According to Abraham Maslow, we all have the inborn desire to become whatever we are capable of becoming. People need to fulfill their potential and be recognized by the society. People who are free from work are deprived of the opportunity to explore their capabilities and make a difference. For example, Rich Second Generation is Chinese man born into rich families after the 1980s. These men tend to be eligible to inherit lots of money and assets from their parents. Nevertheless, few of them feel really happy for each step of their life has been well designed and arranged by their parents. They cannot be independent from their parents and choose their own life. In this way, the desire for self-actualization is seriously suppressed. Some of them are forced to give up personal interests and take the place of their parents, ending up with insomnia, melancholia or even suicide.6、成功类（1）、找原因影响成功因素：persistence, tolerance, team spirit, ability to focus on details, knowledge, friends, opportunities, experience（2）、拆分举例Businessman: Bill Gates, Henry Ford (assembly line of mass production)Politician: Obama, LincolnArtist: Beethoven, PicassoScientists: Wright Brothers, EdisonSportsman: Yao7、包含绝对词（best, most important, only, all, every, never）写法：坚决反对，程度让步（承认题设的合理性，批驳绝对性）Best：（1）指出该事物有弊端（2）指出别的事物更好Only：指出别的符合条件选项Important：找到equal的Never，every：找例外【e.g.1】The best way to improve the quality of education is to increase teachers’ salary.Admittedl y, increasing teachers’ salary is an effective way to improve the quality of education…(Attract more qualified teachers to join the group, encourage, devote) However, it is an overstatement to claim that a higher salary will guarantee the improvement in education.Firstly, tuition fees↑, drop outSecondly, provide more training to teachers, hire highly qualified teachers, and update the teaching and learning equipment.【e.g.2】Advertising is the only cause of unhealthy eating habits.Admittedly, advertisements influence our eating habits more or less (responsible to,partly explain).(Junk food: McDonald’s, KFC, alluring, tempting, you can get a 50%discount on the second piece.)However, it is an overstatement to claim that advertising is the only cause of the unhealthy eating habits.Firstly, it is the delicious taste of junk food that attracts people, rather than advertisements.Secondly, the living pace in modern society…Others: lower price, eating tradition (The traditional...snack, may contain too much fat and oil from frying.)【e.g.3】Only movies that can teach people something about real lif e are w orth watching.Admittedly, movies recording real life are worth watching. 【It is because we can always learn important lessons about real life from such movies.】【T ake Homeless to Harvard as an example. The movie tells us the true story of a girl named Liz, who lived in homelessness and clinged to hope and determination, finally fought her way up to Harvard. I was so moved by Liz’s experience and realized that the final success will come just after the last try and we should persist in our dreams.】However, it is an overstatement to claim that only such movies deserve the attention of audience.Firstly, fictional movies are also worth watching.【Fictions provide the audience with intellectual stimulation, help them exercise their imagination and expand understanding of the world.】【The world-renowned fiction Up is a good example. The film centers on an elderly widower named Carl and an earnest young Wilderness Explorer named Russell. By tying thousands of balloons to his home, 78-year-old Carl sets out to fulfill his lifelong dream to see the wilds of South America and to complete a promise made to his lifelong love. The vivid scenarios and unexpected plots impressed me a lot, serving me with a fantastic visual banquet. It greatly challenged the limits of my imagination, aroused my interests in exploring the wilds and imaginative world. Besides, I also learned lessons about love and friendship from the moving story. 】Secondly，we should not ignore the values of comedy.【People watch movies for entertainment rather than education. Comedies relax audience, which in turn contribute to their working efficiency.】【For example, Mr Bean is a story centers on the weird experience of an English Gentleman which always makes me feel relaxed. His exaggerated facial expression, awkward body movements and quirky experience always amused me. The Big Bang Theory is another example. The movie centers on life story of four scientists in America. Their wisdom, funny conversations and social awkward always make me laugh out loudly. Whenever I felt tired, I immerse myself in these comedies and forget the troubles in real life temporarily, after which I can feel relieved and refreshed to deal with all the real challenges. 】(animation; romance; seek for comfort : love has been tainted by money and power, the innocent story in the animation will help us rebuild our faith towards love and life....................... )开头：背景（关键词）In modern society, many people would like to spend their leisure time in movie theatre by watching a comedy or fiction. 对方观点:Some people argue that only movies related to real life are worth watching. 个人观点I disagree. I consider it unwise to ignore the values of comedies and fictions.结尾：总结主论点In conclusion, to say that only movies about real life are worth watching is too exaggerated. 简要总结分论点Comedies and fictions are also valuable and should not be ignored.提出建议、畅想未来Therefore, the publishers, directors and audience are suggested to pay equal importance to all categories of films to ensure the diversity of art forms.8、包含因果／条件关系写法：因果关系：（1）反对：反驳原因；承认原因成立，反驳因果关系；（2）支持：证明原因成立；证明因果关系成立条件关系：无需论述条件部分是否成立，直接论述条件关系是否成立如果A，那么B（1）从A的角度：A无法达成B，而是达成-B（2）从B的角度：B和A无关，而是由C、D、E 导致的【e.g.1】People today can solve many important problems so they don’t need help from the government.反驳原因：Firstly，people cannot solve so many problems. Military issuesEnvironmental pollutionEconomic developmentMedical care反驳因果关系Even if sometimes civilians can deal with important problems by themselves, the involvement of government is necessary.It is the governments’ responsibility to eliminate problems and anxieties for the people......... Sometimes the interference of government will contribute to the efficiency of solving problems.。
改革后的托福考试题型
改革后的托福考试题型
改革后的托福考试题型包括：
1. **阅读部分**：共3篇，每篇700字左右，每篇10题，每题1分，总计30分。
2. **听力部分**：共3篇，每篇10题，每题1分，总计30分。
3. **口语部分**：共6题，每题1分，总计6分。
4. **写作部分**：共2题，第一题为综合写作，第二题为独立写作。
综合写作部分要求考生在3分钟内阅读一篇文章，然后听一段与文章相关的讲座录音，最后写一篇200-225字的文章。
独立写作部分要求考生根据所给题目撰写一篇300字以上的文章。
需要注意的是，以上只是托福考试的一般题型和要求，具体题型和要求可能会根据不同的考试机构和地区有所差异。
考生应关注考试通知中的具体要求，以便更好地备考。
7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌!写作新题型Discussion Board全解析!
7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型Discussion Board全解析！7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型Discussion Board 全解析！7月托福考试攻略：改革不用慌！写作新题型DiscussionBoard 全解析！托福改革不用慌！写作新题型DiscussionBoard全解析近期网传托福将于今年7月迎来重大改革，就目前的消息来看，新版托福考试将会对考试内容进行精简，显著降低考生的体力消耗。
目前网传托福改革的要点如下：据传官方将于4月11日正式官宣，新版托福将于7月26日上线。
最新消息：目前托福考试官方视频号上在4月11日确实有一场直播，主题是2023年托福iBT考试全新升级发布会。
这就直接证明了之前的网传的改革消息是几乎板上定钉的事儿了，只是改革细节是否如网传所说，咱们还要拭目以待当天的直播~就网传内容来看，这次所谓的托福改革除了取消加试和删减一篇托福阅读之外，最大的变化就是写作部分。
所以接下来着重对写作部分的变化做下分析。
当前写作是综合写作+独立写作两个部分组成，共计55mins，据网传的改版方向，之后会保留综合写作的部分，但是独立写作会变成学术性讨论题（discussionboardquestion），这个题型其实来源于TOEFLEssentials。
以下表格主要是展现独立写作和学术性讨论题之间的差异。
写作新题型样题一，先看油管大神给的例题。
1.先分析题干要求Thetest-takermustreadthequestionpostedbytheprofessorandth etwostudentresponses.Finally，theyshouldwritetheirownresponsewhichaddressesthequestionanda ddstotheconversation.教授抛出1个debate，提问大家的立场。
接着两个npc学生作为正反方，给出各自的观点。
托福新题型范文
托福新题型范文Sorry, but I am unable to provide you with a specific TOEFL essay as the questions for the exam change regularly. However, I can provide you with a sample essay for a typical TOEFL question. Here is an example:Topic: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made the world a better place to live.Essay:In today's modern society, technology plays a crucial role in shaping our lives. It has brought about significant advancements in various fields and has undoubtedly made the world a better place to live. I firmly believe that technology has had a positive impact on society, from improving communication to enhancing healthcare and facilitating global connections.First and foremost, technology has revolutionized communication. The invention of smartphones, social media platforms, and instant messaging apps has made it incredibly easy to stay connected with family, friends, and colleagues. People can now share news, ideas, and opinions instantly, irrespective of geographical distances. As a result, relationships have been strengthened, and communication barriers have been broken down, leading to a more integrated and interconnected world.Furthermore, technology has immensely improved healthcare services. Medical advancements, such as digital imaging, robotic surgeries, and wearable health devices, have revolutionized thediagnosis and treatment of diseases. These advancements not only improve the accuracy and efficiency of medical procedures but also enhance patient care, resulting in increased life expectancy and improved quality of life for many individuals.Moreover, technology has facilitated global connections and cultural exchange. The internet has made it possible for people from different cultures and backgrounds to connect and learn from one another. Online platforms, such as social media and video conferencing tools, allow individuals to interact with individuals from around the world, exchanging ideas and gaining knowledge about different cultures. This increased global connectivity promotes understanding, tolerance, and cooperation among people from diverse backgrounds, leading to a more inclusive and harmonious society.However, it is important to acknowledge that technology also brings about some challenges and negative consequences. For example, increased screen time and dependence on technology can lead to sedentary lifestyles and decreased physical activity. Additionally, the reliance on technology for daily tasks can make people more isolated and disconnected from the physical world. It is crucial for individuals to strike a balance between utilizing technology for its benefits and maintaining a healthy, well-rounded lifestyle.In conclusion, technology has undeniably made the world a better place to live. Its positive impact on communication, healthcare, and global connections cannot be ignored. However, it is essentialfor individuals to use technology responsibly and maintain a healthy balance to fully enjoy its benefits.。
2023年托福独立写作题型改革
2023年托福独立写作题型改革【原创版】目录1.2023 年托福独立写作题型改革的背景和原因2.改革的具体内容3.改革带来的影响和应对策略正文2023 年托福独立写作题型改革2023 年托福独立写作题型将发生重大改革，这是由于人工智能的发展和与口语独立题重合的现状，以及应对全球主流英语测试的挑战。
此次改革将缩短考试时间，减少阅读题目，删除听力和阅读加试，并对写作题型进行调整。
一、改革的具体内容1.考试时长缩短：托福 ibt 考试将从 3 小时缩短至 2 小时以内，考试过程中将没有休息时间。
2.阅读题目减少：阅读题目将从 3 篇减少至 2 篇，且没有加试。
3.听力题量不变：听力题目量将保持不变，但没有加试。
4.独立写作取消：独立写作题目将被取消，取而代之的是一篇 10 分钟写完的作文，题目取材于自家考试 toefl essentials，类似于口语综合题的课堂讨论。
二、改革带来的影响1.减轻考生体力和注意力消耗：考试时间的缩短和题目数量的减少将减轻考生的体力和注意力消耗，使考生能够更好地应对考试。
2.提高考试效率：取消加试和缩短考试时间将提高考试效率，使考试更加紧凑和有效。
3.增加考试难度：虽然考试时间和题目数量减少，但考试难度不会降低。
这将对考生的应试能力和综合素质提出更高的要求。
三、应对策略1.提高阅读速度和理解能力：阅读题目减少，意味着考生需要在更短的时间内完成阅读和理解。
因此，考生需要提高阅读速度和理解能力，以确保在有限的时间内完成题目。
2.加强口语和写作训练：独立写作题型的取消和作文时间的限制要求考生在口语和写作方面具备更高的能力。
考生需要加强口语和写作训练，提高自己的表达能力和逻辑思维能力。
3.熟悉新题型：考生需要熟悉新的考试题型，了解题目要求和评分标准，以便在考试中取得高分。
总之，2023 年托福独立写作题型改革将对考生产生重要影响。
托福写作考试形式和内容
托福写作考试形式和内容
答：托福写作考试形式和内容分为两部分：综合写作和独立写作
1、综合写作和内容
托福的综合写作任务有三项，即阅读、听力和写作。
在考试中，要求考生们必须要阅读一篇大约3分钟的学术报告，然后文章将会隐去，此时考生们可听一段演讲的时间大概是1分半钟。
但当写作文的时候，仍然可以在听力材料中看到隐藏的阅读材料。
考生在听演讲的过程中可以做笔记来帮助答题，用剩下的20分钟总结听力材料中的要点，并解释它们与阅读材料中的要求有何不同。
通常有效的回答应是一篇150-225个单词的作文。
2、独立写作
独立写作任务根据自己的经验和知识写作的能力，需要写一篇文章来说明和支持自己对某个主题的观点。
这里的重点是用细节来支持自己的观点或选择，考试时间大约是30分钟。
与机考托福的写作或托福写作考试(TWE)类似，考生需要基于自己的知识和经验，就其中一个问题陈述、解释和支持其中一个观点。
虽然理论上字数没有上限，但最有效的答案是一篇300字左右的作文。
托福写作方法：三步完成写作
第一步：审题、确定立场、列出理由(只需要在草稿纸上用英文单词或汉语列出各个理由，防止遗忘)，最少3分钟最多5分钟。
第二步：正文写作最少22分钟最多26分钟，主题句给予最大重视，注意炼句，主题句可以使读者和笔者本人更清晰该段落写什么。
主题论证形式可以是举具体事例、说对方相对缺点、使用数据、使用假想例子、使用类比、比喻、引用等修辞手段来论述。
第三步：检查需要1-3分钟，有侧重点地检查文章开头、结尾、例证、让步等各种句型是否通顺，论证观点是否清晰明了。
托福独立写作4大题型题目与考点介绍
托福独立写作4大题型题目与考点介绍文都国际小编称，托福写作考试中分为综合写作和独立写作2个考试部分。
其中独立写作为话题作文，也就是说考生会根据一个话题来写作文章。
下面小编为大家整理了托福独立写作4大题型的题目与考点，希望可以帮助到大家。
应不应该题这类题目在题目中一般都会含有should一词，或者含有“应该做”或“不应该做”的意思，问你如此做应不应该。
考生要根据这些“应该”和“不应该”来写作文章。
例如这个题目就是应不应该题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: all school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge.(120114 CN)绝对题这类题目中常常会带有绝对的语气词，例如only，must，always 等;通常这类命题的题目比较明确且语气比较强烈，就是来问你同不同意这种说法，按照这个思路去构思文章。
下面这个题目就是托福独立写作绝对题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: only movies that can teach us something about real life are worth.(110828 CN)现象证明题在这一类托福独立写作题目中，主要是在讨论一个现在可能存在的或者是将来可能会发生的现象，问你这个现象有没有或者是会不会出现，考生按照这个思路去拓展写作文章。
例如下面这个题目就是一个现象证明题：Do you agree or disagree with following statement: in modern times, grandparents cannot give their grandchildren useful advice because the world of today are too different than it was in the past.(140112 CN)比较题这类题目在考试中也是比较常见的，题目中会含有2个或者3个选项来让你选择。
托福考试题型介绍
托福考试题型介绍托福考试是国际英语语言测试系统简称TOEFL（Test of English as a Foreign Language）的英文音译。
它是世界上最具影响力的英语水平考试之一，被广泛认可和接受。
托福考试分为四个部分：阅读、听力、口语和写作。
每个部分都有不同的题型和要求，下面将逐一介绍。
一、阅读部分（Reading）阅读部分主要考察考生的阅读理解和词汇运用能力。
常见的阅读题型包括：1. 主旨题（Main Idea Questions）：要求考生找出文章的中心思想或主旨。
2. 细节题（Detail Questions）：要求考生根据文章内容找出与题目相关的具体细节。
3. 推理题（Inference Questions）：要求考生根据文章进行推理，推断出某些细节或事实。
4. 词汇题（Vocabulary Questions）：要求考生根据上下文理解词汇的含义。
二、听力部分（Listening）听力部分主要考察考生的听力理解和笔记能力。
常见的听力题型包括：1. 主旨题（Main Idea Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容找出主要思想或主旨。
2. 细节题（Detail Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容找出与问题相关的具体细节。
3. 推理题（Inference Questions）：要求考生根据听力材料进行推理，推断出某些细节或事实。
4. 笔记题（Note-Taking Questions）：要求考生根据听力内容中的关键信息进行笔记，然后回答问题。
三、口语部分（Speaking）口语部分主要考察考生的口语表达和思维组织能力。
常见的口语题型包括：1. 个人陈述题（Personal Preference Questions）：要求考生就个人喜好、习惯或观点进行陈述和讨论。
2. 看图题（Integrated Speaking Tasks）：要求考生根据所给的图片进行描述和分析。
3. 听力反馈题（Integrated Speaking Tasks）：要求考生根据所听到的对话或短文进行回答和反馈。
托福写作真题及解析
托福写作真题及解析2022年托福阅读真题及解析1托福阅读第一篇欧洲人口增加原文回顾：欧洲经济发展相关，工业化和食物的增长促进了人口的增长。
高速城市化：人们开始从乡下往城镇转移，因此带来了工作，生活资料等一系列的变化。
细节讲到了熟练工和普通人的区别，考了两个题。
最后讲到了人口的增加导致人均工资下降的问题。
学习：After a century of virtually no population growth, the countries of Western Europe experienced dramatic population increases between 1750 and 1800. Many countries doubled in size. In some countries, the growth continued through the nineteenth century. The population of Great Britain, for instance, doubled between 1750 and 1800 and then tripled between 1800 and 1900.There were several reasons for the sudden increase. Medical advances and improved hygiene limited the devastation caused by epidemic diseases and plagues. The introduction of new food crops, most notably the potato, provided a better diet for thepoor and reduced the incidence of famine. The combination of greater public order and fewer civil wars meant that life was less hazardous. The net result was a lower death rate and soaring populations.The growing population, with a rising proportion of children to raise and older people to care for, put increased pressure on every aspect of society. Many peasants were no longer able to provide land for their children, who were forced to look for other ways to make their living. Small artisans in the cities suffered similar problems, unable to provide places for their children in their own workshops.The exact relationship between population growth and industrialization is unclear, though the two are clearly intertwined. (Even countries that were late to industrialize shared in the general population increase, and its related problems.) What is clear is that the growth in population increased the demand for both food and manufactured goods and provided an abundance of cheap labor to produce them.托福阅读第二篇非洲铁技术的发展原文回顾：非洲铁的发展，非洲曾经是被殖民的地方，殖民者大量开采非洲的铁矿资源，并且他们在非洲大规模的用铁矿资源冶炼金属，牵扯到起源，谁把铁的技术引进非洲，以及铁技术之后的发展和改变。
托福综合写作练习题及答案分析
托福综合写作练习题及答案分析2017托福综合写作练习题及答案分析练习是巩固知识的有效手段，而考试是检验知识掌握情况的一种方式。
下面是店铺整理的十道2017年托福综合写作练习题及答案，希望对大家有用，更多消息请关注应届毕业生网。
NO.1Reading：一种动物叫做M,是素食动物，理由有三1 跑得很慢，体重很重，逮不到可以吃的动物2 claw和素食动物很像，有个钩子，可以把树枝拉到自己跟前吃。
3 jaw和teeth跟素食动物很像Listening:反驳1 M跑得是很慢，但是有一种动物G比它跑的还慢。
G好像有什么保护壳，但是M的力气足够把G翻过来，然后再攻击。
2 M的arm structure可以移动地很快，就可以攻击别的动物，像现在的老虎和熊一样。
所以肯定不是只用来拉树枝的。
3 M的jaw和素食动物的不像。
素食动物的jaw可以move from side to side,但是为了嚼草用的，但是M的就不能。
NO.2综合写作：话题：野牛bison数量的下降阅读观点：1、人将它作为了source of food2、动物之间的草竞争competition of grassland,例子：cattle，horse3、新科技的发展如枪械听力反驳：1、人是从prairie东部迁徙过去的，但是bison decline是从西边开始的，东部也吃野牛，但是数量没有下降。
2、bison可以在寒冷的天气下生存，很tough，有很厚的fur还可以吃雪下面的草，而cattle和horse在冷环境下无法存活。
3、过去的科技枪械也能打的很quick和efficient，所以不是科技的事儿NO.3Integrated writing:Manufacturing fuel generated from algae(藻类燃料)是最近能源研发的新成就，可能会成为解决人类能源问题的新方案。
但是阅读文章认为把algae fuel大规模投入使用和制造是存在一些顾虑的，三个要点如下：1. 养殖algae需要大量的土地和水源投入。
托福写作考试题型介绍
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