翻译第一讲(1)
大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)
翻译理论与实践（以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础）第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1．广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。
它包括不同语言间的翻译（如英汉互译）语言变体间的翻译（如古今语言、不同方言的互译）、语言与其他交际符号的转换（如把交通规则画成交通标志）。
他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”，不强调“完全的忠实”。
也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论，这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。
2．狭义的翻译指语言活动，是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。
这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”，表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通；强调“一种语言到另一种语言”，排除了同一语言间各变体的互译；强调“忠实地”，避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。
奈达（Eugene Nida）“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译，并专指“书面表达内容”，以区别于有独特之处的口译（interpretation）。
二、翻译的分类1．从所涉及的代码性质看，可分为语内翻译（intralingual translation）、语际翻译（interlingual translation）和语符翻译（intersemiotic translation）。
语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译，如把古汉语译成现代汉语，把黑话译成一般语言（雷子，一方）；语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译，是狭义翻译研究的对象；语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号，如图画、手势、音乐符号等。
汉译英第一讲(词的翻译技巧)
课后练习
9 那个人就是他的哥哥。 10 我就不信我学不会。 11 你就是送给我，我也不要。 12 就我所知，他英语很好。 13 两国代表团就共同关心问题进行了会谈。 轻重： 1 这两口箱子轻重不一样。 2 工作应该分轻重缓急，不要眉毛胡子一把抓。 3 你别见怪，他说话就是不知道轻重。
词语搭配
heavy weather 阴沉的天气 heavy casualties 重大伤亡 heavy smoker 烟瘾很大的人 heavy vote 大量的得票 heavy schedule 紧凑的日程 heavy foliage 浓密的叶子 heavy sea 波涛汹涌的大海 heavy investor 巨额投资者 heavy rain 大雨 heavy thinker 思想深沉的人
英语中的惯用法
汉语可以说“吃饭”，也可以说“吃药”，但在英语 里可以说eat a meal，却不可以说eat medicine，而 应该说take medicine。 同样，英语可以说male doctor，也可以说male dog， 但译成汉语只能说“男医生”和“公狗”，不能说 “公医生”、“男狗”。 在英语中，人们说： 违规break rules 发表演说deliver a speech/make a speech
词语搭配
(5)我们可能去那儿,那得看情况而定。 We may go there, but that depends. (6)如何办理,到时候看情况再说。 As to how to deal with it, we shall have to wait and see. (7)她询问了他的健康情况。 She inquired about his health condition. (8)那个地方的情况很混乱。 That place is in a state of confusion.
易经全文翻译(完整版)
易经全文翻译第一讲乾卦乾卦象征天，天的四种本质特征是：元、亨、利、贞。
1、天之阳气是始生万物的本原，称为"元"。
2、天能使万物流布成形，无不亨通，称为"亨"。
3、天能使万物和谐，各得其利，称为"利"4、天能使万物，正固持久地存在，称为"贞"。
总之，天之阳气是万物资生之本，又制约，主宰着整个世界。
天有开创万物并使之亨通，正固的"功德"，元、亨、利、贞被称为乾之"四德"。
《彖》曰：天行健，君子以自强不息。
意译：天的运行刚劲强健，君子因此不停息地发愤图强。
乾卦六爻的爻辞：初九，潜龙勿用。
意译：龙潜在水中，暂时不能发挥作用。
《彖》曰：潜龙勿用，阳在下也。
意译：初期阶段，应暂行潜藏。
乾卦的卦辞以天为象征，六爻的爻辞以龙为象征。
龙是善变之物，能够潜水，行地，飞天，海陆空三栖，取龙为象，可以达到假象喻意，以明变化的目的。
九二，见龙在田，利见大人。
意译：龙出现在田间，有利于大德大才之人出现。
九三，君子终日乾乾，夕惕若，厉无咎。
乾乾：健行不息。
若：语助词。
厉：危险。
意译：君子整天勤奋不息，甚至夜间时时警惕，虽然面临危险也无祸害。
九四，或跃在渊，无咎。
意译：相机而动，跃起上进，无咎害。
九五，飞龙在天，利见大人。
意译：飞龙上天，有利大德大才之人出现。
九五在所有卦里都是最吉之爻，此爻为"君位"。
皇帝通称"九五之尊"，就是这么来的。
乾卦九五，刚健中正，纯粹而精，最为可贵。
上九，亢龙有悔。
意译：龙高飞到了极点，必有过悔。
用九，见群龙无首，吉。
意译：出现一群龙，都不以首领自居，吉祥。
常用占断用语：1、亨：通达，顺利。
2、利：有利，适宜。
3、吝：遗憾，麻烦，艰难。
4、厉：危险。
5、悔：忧虑，困厄。
6、咎：过错。
第二讲坤卦坤：元亨，利牝马之贞，君子有攸往，先迷，后得主，利。
第一讲 翻译的基本概念和问题
通顺： 译文语言通顺易懂，自然流畅，符合译文语言表达习惯， 没有文理不通、晦涩难懂等现象。
例1：Darkness released him from his last restraints. 原译：黑暗把他从最后的顾忌中解放出来。 改译：在黑暗中，他就再也没有什么顾忌了。 例2：语言这个东西，不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不 可。 原译：Language is something difficult to learn well and to learn it well one has to study very hard. 改译：The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
例2：What is done by night appears by day. 原译：夜晚做的事白天就看见了。 改译：要想人不知，除非己莫为。
例3：从小儿三灾八难，花的银子也照样打出你这么 个银人儿来了。（《红楼梦》） 原译：You‟ve had three mishaps and eight disasters since you were a boy, the money we‟ve spent on you would make a person made of silver. 改译：You‟ve had one trouble after another since you were a boy, the money we‟ve spent on you would make a silver statue bigger than you.
E. A. Nida（尤金· 奈达）提出的翻译标准（1964） 1. true to the original 2. vivid 3. smooth and natural 4. equivalent of response （忠实于原文、传神、语言顺畅自然、同等效应） “Readers of TL must have the same response to the text with that of readers of SL despite of different means of expressions.” （尽管语言表达形式不同，译文读者读译文取得的 心理反应要和原文读者读原文的心理反应基本相 同。） Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等 →Functional Equivalence 功能对等（p.8-9）
翻译第一讲 翻译理论与实践
导学——学法指导 学法指导 导学
译者素养： 译者素养：
译者的素质： 译者的素质： 外语素质 语言敏感度 心理素质 翻译的辅助工具： 翻译的
导学——学法指导 学法指导 导学
Tips： ：
提高方法： 提高方法：
翻译理论+翻译技巧+ 1. 翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践 研究有关翻译的论述，弄懂翻译的基本问题。 （ 阅读理论著作；专题论文；翻译教材；译品的前言后语） 2. 研究译作范本 从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧，对比不同译本的处理和效果。 研究典型译例，注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失，为翻译 实践打好基础 3. 不断进行翻译实践 （1） 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序； （2） 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料； （3） 难易循序渐进； （4） 译文反复修改，不断提高译文质量； （5） 选择有参考译文的文本，进行对比学习； （6） 可请别人修改或校正。
翻译理论与实践
导 学 第一章： 第一章：翻译概述 第二章： 第二章：英汉语言对比 第三章： 第三章：词语的翻译 第四章：句子翻译技巧（ 第四章：句子翻译技巧（上） 第五章：句子翻译技巧（ 第五章：句子翻译技巧（下） 第六章： 第六章：常见文体的翻译
导 学
• • 教学目的：本课程教学目的是使学生掌握基本的翻译理论,提高翻译水平。 教学目的：本课程教学目的是使学生掌握基本的翻译理论,提高翻译水平。 本课程主要介绍基本的翻译理论知识， 本课程主要介绍基本的翻译理论知识，通过英汉两种语言的对比和大量译例 翻译，介绍了翻译的一系列常用方法和技巧。通过实践熟悉翻译技巧， 翻译，介绍了翻译的一系列常用方法和技巧。通过实践熟悉翻译技巧，培养 翻译能力，不断提高翻译水平和能力。 翻译能力，不断提高翻译水平和能力。。
中级口译翻译篇第一讲
• The United States has long been known as a “melting pot”. • 历来，长期以来
99.9真题
• Her main message was and is, “We’re like everybody else.” • 她(传递)的信息过去是、今天依然是： 我们和别人一样。
Develop
• • • • • • • • • • Develop a new drug 研制 Develop new products 开发 Develop muscles 锻炼 Develop the film 冲印 Develop a habit 养成
打
• • • • • • 打牌 打雷 打交道 打架 打猎 打瞌睡 • • • • • • Play cards Thunder Make contact with Fight Go hunting Doze off
缘
• 我在班里有人缘。 • I am popular with my classmates. • 聊得投缘 • talk congenially
缘
• • • • 无缘无故地 for no reason at all 不识庐山真面目，只缘身在此山中。 I can’t tell the true shape of Lu Shan because I myself am on the mountain. • 化缘 • beg for alms
• The loss of his family reduced him into despair. • 失去家人使他陷入绝望的境地。 • Many changes have taken place during the transformation. • 转化过程中发生了许多变化。
第1讲 汉英翻译的文化策略(一)
文化三层次
文化包括三个层次的内容： 文化包括三个层次的内容： (1)物质文化 如建筑物、服饰、食品、 (1)物质文化，如建筑物、服饰、食品、工 物质文化， 具等； 具等； (2)制度习俗文化 包括制度、法规， (2)制度习俗文化，包括制度、法规，以及 制度习俗文化， 相应的设施和风俗习惯等； 相应的设施和风俗习惯等； (3)精神文化 包括价值观念、思维方式、 (3)精神文化，包括价值观念、思维方式、 精神文化， 宗教信仰等，也包括哲学、科学、 宗教信仰等，也包括哲学、科学、文学艺 术方面的成就和产品。 术方面的成就和产品。
盛宴必散。 盛宴必散。
Even the best party must have an end. end. (Hawkes) Even the grandest feast must have an end. (The Yangs) end.
谋事在人，成事在天。
Man proposes, god disposes. (Hawkes) Man proposes, heaven disposes.(the Yangs)
直译
纸老虎paper tiger， 纸老虎paper tiger， 丢脸lose face， 丢脸lose face， 百闻不如一见 Seeing is believing. 眼不见，心不烦out 眼不见，心不烦out of sight , Outof mind.
《红楼梦》的一些例子 红楼梦》
Culture and its composition
Edward B. Tylor: Tylor: Culture is that complex whole which that includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society. (Tylor 1924 [orig. 1871]:1) society. Edward B. Tylor. 1924. [orig. 1871] Tylor. 1924. Primitive Culture. 2 vols. 7th ed. New York: Brentano's.
《 英汉互译(一)》第1课教案
广西师范学院《英汉互译（一）》课程教案编号: 15-1 开课单位：外语系授课教研室：翻译写作课程名称：《英汉互译（一）》授课教师：唐旭光教材：《新编英汉互译教程》，授课对象：06级英语专业2、3、5班《英汉互译（一）》第一讲翻译简论与主要翻译方法（A Brief Discussion of Translation and Major Translation Approaches）1. IntroductionTranslation studies started along with translation practice. Translation theories developed flourishingly in the 20th century, especially in the second half of the last century.In fact, translation, which is a very complex phenomenon, is related to different disciplines, such as linguistics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, communication theory, literary criticism, aesthetics, and semiotics. As translation study is a cross-discipline and cross-culture subject involving many aspects of human knowledge, the lack of a fully acceptable theory of translation should not come as a surprise. Meanwhile, quite a number of translation approaches and strategies have become universally acceptable and widely applicable. They are, of course, the fruits of many translation theorists and translation practitioners at home and abroad.2.The Origin of TranslationLanguage makes it possible for people to communicate with one another freely so as to complete important tasks in human life. Translation makes it possible for people from different languages to communicate with one another so as to complete important tasks in their life.Theodore Savory points out, “Translation is almost as old as original authorship and has a history as honorable and as complex as that of any other branch of literature”(申雨平, 2002:4).In Zhou Dynasty there were different forms of address for translators in different places. “Translators are called Ji in the east, Xiang in the south, Didi in the west, andYi in the north(东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译)”（陈福康, 2000:3）.3. Function of TranslationIt has helped people to better communicate with one another, and in the mean time it has facilitated the development of culture and civilization of all nations, such as the Sutra translation （佛经翻译）in China and the Bible translation in Western countries.Actually, translation, as a means to bridge different cultures, has been playing a very important role in promoting global economic and cultural development, and China in particular benefits a great deal from translation, which is obvious to all.4. Nature of translationOne school of theorists maintain that any interpretation is translation. Translation thus defined includes intra-lingual rewording（语言内的重新措辞）, inter-lingual （语言之间的翻译或语际翻译）translation and inter-semiotic transmutation（符号转换）.But most scholars who are interested in translation maintain that translation is a communicative activity which entails a most adequate or identical reproduction in a target language of a written message or text in a source language.5. Definition of translation in our textbook as follows: Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text. In terms of its nature or character, translation is both an art and a science as well, since it calls for a good command of at least two languages, a flexible application of their rules, and some knowledge of at least two cultures, as well as a good grasp of the necessary translation theories.6. Other scholars’ viewpoints about the translation1). The traditional viewpoint about the nature of translation is that translation is an art only. This viewpoint is still maintained by Xu Yuanchong（许渊冲）, a well-known professor at Beijing University, and a few other scholars.2). Professor Liu Zhongde vigorously advocates that translation is a science as well as an art mainly because of the following reasons:Firstly, like any other art and science, translation requires a good grasp and a flexible use of the necessary specialized knowledge and skills.Secondly, like any other art and science, translation calls for independent, honest and creative effort.Thirdly, just like any other art and science, translation demands that the translator be very careful about and highly responsible for his or her work.7. Principle for translationThe 13 statements on page 81). A translation must reproduce the words of the SLT(Source Language Text).2). A translation must reproduce the ideas (meaning) of the SLT.3). A translation should read like an original work.4). A translation should read like a translation.5). A translation should reflect the style of the original.6). A translation should possess the style of the translator.7). A translation should retain the historical stylistic dimension of the SLT.8). A translation should read as a contemporary piece of literature.9). A translation may add to or omit from the original.10). A translation may never add to or omit from the original.11). A translation should let the readers of the SLT and the target language text (TLT) have essentially the same response.12). A translation should convey what the SLT author intends to convey.13). A translation should satisfy the need of the client.Evidently, though each of the above statements is right in a certain sense, yet it is not adequate or comprehensive enough to serve as a translation principle. Some of the principles proposed by various translation theorists can find their expression in the statements given above. Interlinear translation is an illustration of the first statement. Yan Fu’s three-character principle can be a combination of statements 2, 3 and 6. Nida’s functional equivalence is best express ed in statement 11.8. Yan Fu’s Considerations for translation?Strictly speaking, a translation theory in its true sense in China originated from Yan Fu(严复). He proposed the famous triple principle for translation, namely, faithfulness(信), expressiveness(达) and elegance(雅).1). His faithfulness means that the translated text should be faithful to the original text, ie, the version should keep the content or ideas of the original.2). His expressiveness means that the translated text should be expressive and coherent without anything awkward. In other words, his expressiveness requires that the version should be fluid, smooth, and easy to read and understand.3). His elegance demands that the translated text should be exquisite and that its style ought to be very graceful.9. Professor Liu Zhongde argues against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original styleHe argued eloquently against “elegance” as a principle for translation of the original style. We all know that not all works are characterized by the elegant style. Different writers display different styles. For instance, Lenin wrote in a bold style, and Hemingway wrote in a simple, symbolic style. Even the same writer shows different styles on different occasions for different purposes. Naturally, different works demonstrate different styles. Thus, it is impossible & absolutely wrong to achieve the effect of elegance in the translated text if the style of the original is not elegant.10. The compiler of the textbook in favor of “closeness”1). We are in favor of Professor Liu’s triple translation principle. He changed Yan Fu’s “elegance” into “closeness”, which represents his contribution to the translation theory. His “closeness” is central in meaning. It is suitable for translation of all types of texts with different styles.2). If the original text is characterized by the elegant style, the translator should do his utmost to render it into a graceful text in the target language whose style is close to the original elegant style.If the original style is highly technical with a wealth of technical terms, thetranslator ought to employ plenty of corresponding technical terms in the target language and make the translated style as close to the original technical style as possible.3). If the original style is colloquial with a lot of informal words and colloquial sentences, the translator should translate it into a text with an informal style as close as possible to the original one by using many colloquial words and informal sentences.If the original style is ornate, the translator should follow suit and make effort to render the translated style as close to the original as possible.If the original text contains some vulgar words and sentences, the translator is not entitled to replace them with elegant words or sentences, and he should reproduce the original by using some corresponding vulgar words and sentences in the receptor language. Translators are duty-bound to do so, for the simple reason that they are translators.4). As we know, Yan Fu’s triple translation principle is highly concise and well rhymed and quite easy to learn by heart, which is one of the reasons why it is still very popular in China today.Professor Liu’s triple principle is similar to Yan Fu’s in that it is equally concise and easy to remember.Though Professor Liu’s triple principle is n ot rhymed, yet it is very forceful and impressive, for the Chinese character “切” is uttered in the falling tone, carrying the implication that faithfully conveying the original style or rendering the translated style as close to the original as possible is absolutely necessary and worth the translator’s great effort.11. Nida’s principle for translationEugene A. Nida and Taber stated emphatically (1969:12): “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”.His dynamic equivalence is defined as a translation principle, according to which the translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original in such a way that the target language text wording will produce the same impact on the target text audience as the original wording does upon the source text audience. Later on, Nida changed “dynamic equivalence” into “functional equivalence”, because it seemed much more satisfactory to use the expression “functional equivalence” in describing the degree of adequacy of a translation.12. The literal translation approachProfessor Liu Zhongde (1994: 172) defines literal translation as follows: “In the process of translation, literal translation treats sentences as basic units and at the same time takes the whole passage into consideration; a translator who attaches great importance to literal translation does his or her best to reproduce the ideas and writing style of the original work, retaining in the version as many rhetorical devices and sentence structures of the original as possible.”ExamplesHe is said to be a rough diamond.人们说他是一块浑金璞玉。
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LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
4
关注变异点
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||. 希腊的群岛，希腊的群岛！ 那里热情的莎妩爱着歌着， 那里扬起战争与和平的艺术，—— 那里涌现了迪罗，生长着飞勃！ 永恒的盛夏仍旧照耀群岛， 但是，除了太阳外，万般都已销歇。（柳无忌）
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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什么是翻译
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. (Tytler, 1790) 好的翻译应该能够把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言 中，使译入语国家的人能够清楚地领悟、强烈地感受，就 像原语国家的人所领悟和感受的一样。——泰特勒， 1790
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LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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案例
变异点在哪？
As I climbed in, listening to the click of my skate blades on the wood of the floor, I heard the bark of the PA system: „Penalty. Barrett of Harvard. Two minutes. Holding.‟ (Love Story)
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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案例
“Music 201? Isn‟t that a graduate course?” She nodded yes, and was not very good at masking her pride. “Renaissance polyphony.” “What‟s polyphony?” “Nothing sexual, Preppie.” (Love Story) “音乐201？那不是研究生念的吗？” 她点点头表示是，掩饰不住内心的那份得意。 “是文艺复兴时代的复调音乐。” “什么叫复调音乐？” “反正不是什么色情音乐，预科生。”
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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关注变异点
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||. 希腊群岛啊，希腊群岛！ 从前有火热的萨福唱情歌， 从前长文治武功的花草 涌出过德罗斯，跳出过阿波罗 夏天来镀金，还长久灿烂 除了太阳，什么都落了山！（卞之琳）
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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案例
And she was catting around with you when we were last over that way.
上次我们去的时候，她不是一直缠着你吗？
上次我们去那边的时候，她不是一直像只小猫似的围着你 转吗？ 上次我们去那边的时候，她就一直猫在你身边。
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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关注变异点
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||. 希腊群岛啊，希腊群岛！ 从前有火热的萨福唱情歌， 从前长文治武功的花草 涌出过德罗斯，跳出过阿波罗 夏天来镀金，还长久灿烂 除了太阳，什么都落了山！（卞之琳）
关注变异点
音步：抑扬格四音步 韵式：ababcc
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||.
……爬进栅栏，脚上的冰刀把木头地板踩得劈劈啪啪 直响，叮是耳边的大喇叭声音更响：“哈佛队的巴雷 特侵人犯规。罚出场两分钟。”
意译抹杀了原文的文 学性
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LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
案例
变异点在哪？
As I climbed in, listening to the click of my skate blades on the wood of the floor, I heard the bark of the PA system: ‘Penalty. Barrett of Harvard. Two minutes. Holding.’ (Love Story) ……叮是耳边的大喇叭声音更响：“哈佛队的巴雷特 侵人犯规。罚出场两分钟。” 此处的文学性翻译应能让读者联想到： 这时我听见广播也在那里汪汪地叫开了： “哈佛队巴雷特犯规。罚出场两分钟。”
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
2翻译的标准Fra bibliotek“信、达、雅”（faithfulness , expressiveness and elegance） ——严复
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
案例
The lip of the sun curled over the horizon to blow a red glow across the island. 太阳从天边升起，小岛沐浴在一片红色的朝霞之 中。 太阳在地平线上撅起一弯唇瓣，向着小岛吹了一 口红色的光。
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
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关注变异点
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||. 希腊 || 群岛啊，希腊 || 群岛！ 从前有 || 火热的 || 萨福 || 唱情歌， 从前长文治武功的花草 涌出过德罗斯，跳出过阿波罗 夏天来镀金，还长久灿烂 除了太阳，什么都落了山！（卞之琳）