翻译课程第一讲

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翻译课补充例句

翻译课补充例句

(死译)最新技术一开始就由于全球性经济发展缓慢而引起的 失业而前景黯淡,新技术引起的失业问题可能会以20世纪末的巨 大社会经济挑战而出现。 (活译)虽然新技术所带来的失业问题,在它开始出现的时候 与当时全球性的经济衰退所引起的失业现象相比不过是小巫见大 巫,但到20世纪末,这个问题可能成为对社会静静的巨大挑战。 3. It is a long lane that has no turning. A. 那是一条没有拐弯的长巷.(直译)误 B.无论多长巷子子也有拐弯之处(意译)正 C. 路必有弯,事必有变.(意译)正 4. We cannot estimate the value of modern science too much. A. 我们不能过高地估计现代科学的价值.(直译)误 B. 对现代科学的价值无论如何估计也不会过分.(意译)正
5. The dress set off to perfection the seventeen-inch waist, the smallest in three counties. 直译: 这身衣服把她在三个县里最细的只有十七英寸的腰 身衬托的尽 善尽美。 意译:她的十七英寸的腰围, 在三个县里算是最细的了, 这 身衣服把她 的细腰束得尽善尽美 。 6. Nobody grows old merely by the number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals. 直译: 人不会仅仅因为年龄的增长而垂老; 我们垂老是因为抛 弃了理 想. 意译:1)岁月有加,并非垂老; 理想泯灭,暮年即至. 2) 带走青春的不是岁月的流逝,而是理想的泯灭。
4. If bad weather is expected, the forecaster must be able to suggest another airport within the range of the aircraft where the weather will be suitable for landing. 如果预计天气恶劣,天气预报人员必须能够在该 飞机航程内提出另一个天气适合着陆的机场。 5. How can a series of motionless, or still, pictures be blended on a screen to produce motion pictures? 一组不动的即静止的图片是怎样在银幕上连到一 起合成电影的呢? 6. He was told that two of them seemed unlikely to make the grade. 他已得知他们中有两个人好像不能及格。

大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)

大学英语翻译全教程第一讲(完美版)

翻译理论与实践(以《英语翻译教程》南开大学出版社为基础)第一讲翻译概述一、翻译的概念1.广义的翻译指语言与语言、语言与非语言等代码转换和基本信息的传达。

它包括不同语言间的翻译(如英汉互译)语言变体间的翻译(如古今语言、不同方言的互译)、语言与其他交际符号的转换(如把交通规则画成交通标志)。

他对翻译的内容只强调“基本信息”,不强调“完全的忠实”。

也有翻译家提出“理解也是翻译”的理论,这就把语言与思维也包括在广义的翻译里了。

2.狭义的翻译指语言活动,是把一种语言所表达的内容中式地用另一种远表达出来。

这个定义强调“是一种语言活动”,表明它是人类多种交际方式中语言交际的沟通;强调“一种语言到另一种语言”,排除了同一语言间各变体的互译;强调“忠实地”,避免了翻译与释义或改写的混淆。

奈达(Eugene Nida)“Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.”(Nida & Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation)我们的翻译课讲的就是狭义的翻译,并专指“书面表达内容”,以区别于有独特之处的口译(interpretation)。

二、翻译的分类1.从所涉及的代码性质看,可分为语内翻译(intralingual translation)、语际翻译(interlingual translation)和语符翻译(intersemiotic translation)。

语内翻译是同一种语言见不同语言变体的翻译,如把古汉语译成现代汉语,把黑话译成一般语言(雷子,一方);语际翻译是不同语言间的翻译,是狭义翻译研究的对象;语符翻译是用非文字符号解释文字符号,如图画、手势、音乐符号等。

《新编英汉互译教程》第三版 第一讲

《新编英汉互译教程》第三版 第一讲

About the Course
• Evaluation 30% :presence+ in-class performance +presentation 70%: Final Test: sentence translation: E-C, C-E (50%from in/after class materials) passage translation :E-C , C-E
信达雅的典范
• Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. – Bacon , On Studies • 读书足以怡情,足以博彩,足以长才。其怡情也, 最见于独处幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔 论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。-王佐 良译
Definition of Translation
• In China: 许渊冲:translation is an art only 刘重德: translation is both an art and a science
Principles for Translation
• What is a good translation ?
Principles for Translation
• Limitations of Yan Fu’s principle: Different texts have different styles, “elegance” cannot be the only criterion.

汉译英第一讲(词的翻译技巧)

汉译英第一讲(词的翻译技巧)

课后练习





9 那个人就是他的哥哥。 10 我就不信我学不会。 11 你就是送给我,我也不要。 12 就我所知,他英语很好。 13 两国代表团就共同关心问题进行了会谈。 轻重: 1 这两口箱子轻重不一样。 2 工作应该分轻重缓急,不要眉毛胡子一把抓。 3 你别见怪,他说话就是不知道轻重。
词语搭配



heavy weather 阴沉的天气 heavy casualties 重大伤亡 heavy smoker 烟瘾很大的人 heavy vote 大量的得票 heavy schedule 紧凑的日程 heavy foliage 浓密的叶子 heavy sea 波涛汹涌的大海 heavy investor 巨额投资者 heavy rain 大雨 heavy thinker 思想深沉的人
英语中的惯用法



汉语可以说“吃饭”,也可以说“吃药”,但在英语 里可以说eat a meal,却不可以说eat medicine,而 应该说take medicine。 同样,英语可以说male doctor,也可以说male dog, 但译成汉语只能说“男医生”和“公狗”,不能说 “公医生”、“男狗”。 在英语中,人们说: 违规break rules 发表演说deliver a speech/make a speech
词语搭配

(5)我们可能去那儿,那得看情况而定。 We may go there, but that depends. (6)如何办理,到时候看情况再说。 As to how to deal with it, we shall have to wait and see. (7)她询问了他的健康情况。 She inquired about his health condition. (8)那个地方的情况很混乱。 That place is in a state of confusion.

翻译第一讲 考研

翻译第一讲 考研
大街上阳光灿烂。一群穿着假日服装的孩子 正在街上玩球。
4、This was the period when Einstein began the research which resulted in the creation of his famous Theory of Relativity.
2006 说明文 知识分子定义 (定语从句、否定结构)
2007 说明文 法律学习推广 (名词从句、被动语态)
2008 议论文 对达尔文介绍 (定语从句、并列结构)
2009 议论文 正规教育启示 (状语从句、倒装结构)
2010 议论文 物种保护价值 (名词从句、定语从句)
阅卷采分点=句子结构切分点
1、微观:一个句子2——4个采分点。 ①、2个采分点每个1分。 ②、3个采分点其中1个1分,另外2个0.5。 ③、4个采分点每个0.5。 2、宏观:整句话意思是否通顺,是否扭曲
原文。 3、是否符合汉语习惯。
How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
Time was \ when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence \ that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physical weak, or \ that they prey only on “worthless” species.(2010.48)

第一讲 翻译的基本概念和问题

第一讲 翻译的基本概念和问题


通顺: 译文语言通顺易懂,自然流畅,符合译文语言表达习惯, 没有文理不通、晦涩难懂等现象。
例1:Darkness released him from his last restraints. 原译:黑暗把他从最后的顾忌中解放出来。 改译:在黑暗中,他就再也没有什么顾忌了。 例2:语言这个东西,不是随便可以学好的,非下苦功不 可。 原译:Language is something difficult to learn well and to learn it well one has to study very hard. 改译:The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort.
例2:What is done by night appears by day. 原译:夜晚做的事白天就看见了。 改译:要想人不知,除非己莫为。
例3:从小儿三灾八难,花的银子也照样打出你这么 个银人儿来了。(《红楼梦》) 原译:You‟ve had three mishaps and eight disasters since you were a boy, the money we‟ve spent on you would make a person made of silver. 改译:You‟ve had one trouble after another since you were a boy, the money we‟ve spent on you would make a silver statue bigger than you.

E. A. Nida(尤金· 奈达)提出的翻译标准(1964) 1. true to the original 2. vivid 3. smooth and natural 4. equivalent of response (忠实于原文、传神、语言顺畅自然、同等效应) “Readers of TL must have the same response to the text with that of readers of SL despite of different means of expressions.” (尽管语言表达形式不同,译文读者读译文取得的 心理反应要和原文读者读原文的心理反应基本相 同。) Dynamic Equivalence 动态对等 →Functional Equivalence 功能对等(p.8-9)

翻译第一讲(1)

你能译出这里诗的声 音吗?
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
4
关注变异点
The Isles || of Greece ||, the Isles || of Greece ||! Where burn || ing Sap || pho loved || and sung ||, Where grew || the arts || of war || and peace ||, Where De || los rose ||, and Phoe || bus sprung ||! Eter || nal sum || mer gilds || them yet ||, But all ||, except || their sun ||, is set ||. 希腊的群岛,希腊的群岛! 那里热情的莎妩爱着歌着, 那里扬起战争与和平的艺术,—— 那里涌现了迪罗,生长着飞勃! 永恒的盛夏仍旧照耀群岛, 但是,除了太阳外,万般都已销歇。(柳无忌)
LECTURE ONE: BASIC KNOWLEDGE OF TRANSLATION
1
什么是翻译
A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. (Tytler, 1790) 好的翻译应该能够把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言 中,使译入语国家的人能够清楚地领悟、强烈地感受,就 像原语国家的人所领悟和感受的一样。——泰特勒, 1790

翻译第一讲 翻译理论与实践


导学——学法指导 学法指导 导学
译者素养: 译者素养:
译者的素质: 译者的素质: 外语素质 语言敏感度 心理素质 翻译的辅助工具: 翻译的
导学——学法指导 学法指导 导学
Tips: :
提高方法: 提高方法:
翻译理论+翻译技巧+ 1. 翻译理论+翻译技巧+翻译实践 研究有关翻译的论述,弄懂翻译的基本问题。 ( 阅读理论著作;专题论文;翻译教材;译品的前言后语) 2. 研究译作范本 从中摸索翻译的规律和技巧,对比不同译本的处理和效果。 研究典型译例,注意翻译技巧的说明和译句的得失,为翻译 实践打好基础 3. 不断进行翻译实践 (1) 依照词语---句子---段落---语篇的顺序; (2) 选择不同题材和体裁的练习材料; (3) 难易循序渐进; (4) 译文反复修改,不断提高译文质量; (5) 选择有参考译文的文本,进行对比学习; (6) 可请别人修改或校正。
翻译理论与实践
导 学 第一章: 第一章:翻译概述 第二章: 第二章:英汉语言对比 第三章: 第三章:词语的翻译 第四章:句子翻译技巧( 第四章:句子翻译技巧(上) 第五章:句子翻译技巧( 第五章:句子翻译技巧(下) 第六章: 第六章:常见文体的翻译
导 学
• • 教学目的:本课程教学目的是使学生掌握基本的翻译理论,提高翻译水平。 教学目的:本课程教学目的是使学生掌握基本的翻译理论,提高翻译水平。 本课程主要介绍基本的翻译理论知识, 本课程主要介绍基本的翻译理论知识,通过英汉两种语言的对比和大量译例 翻译,介绍了翻译的一系列常用方法和技巧。通过实践熟悉翻译技巧, 翻译,介绍了翻译的一系列常用方法和技巧。通过实践熟悉翻译技巧,培养 翻译能力,不断提高翻译水平和能力。 翻译能力,不断提高翻译水平和能力。。

汉译英第一讲(词的翻译技巧).


词语搭配
例2:(1)他有钥匙,但是没有锁。 He has the key, but not the lock. (2)离开屋子时,请把门锁上。 Please lock the door when you leave the room. 例3:(1) 山坡上种了许多树。 There are many trees planted on the hill slope. (2) 十年树木,百年树人。 It takes ten years to grow trees, but one hundred
civilization. 例7:环境卫生 /个人卫生/ 公共卫生 environmental sanitation/personal hygiene/public health
词语搭配
课堂练习:仔细思考下下面的搭配如何处理: 发扬主人翁精神/发扬优良传统/发扬民主/发扬光大 打毛衣/打酒/ 打杂儿 /打官腔 /打水 /打针 /打铁/打人/ 打井/打电话 发展同各国人民的友谊/发展新党员 /发展新会员/发展
词语搭配
他主抓工业。 抓:负责,掌管 He is in charge of industry. 抓养猪 抓:重视 attach importance to pig-breeding “两手抓,两手都要硬。” (重视) We should lay equal emphasis on material and spiritual
lodge a protest /pose a cfute/counter-revolution/inverse function one’s line (occupation)/original idea/to be honest/put the car before the horse symptom of a trend/benefit/enemy seaman/technician/research fellow/typist/official

重要的翻译理论

1. 无生命主语句的类型 2. 无生命主语句的译法 3. 翻译段落练习
第十五讲 Metaphor的翻译
一、教学目的:了解和掌握修辞的翻译方法。 二、教学过程:
1. Metaphor 的界定与概念 2. Metaphor 的翻译原则与译法 3. 翻译段落练习
第一讲
翻译原则简介
第一讲
翻译原则简介
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Hale Waihona Puke [1][2][3][4]第一讲
翻译原则简介
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“The receptors of the translated text could respond to it with comprehension and appreciation in essentially the same manner and to the same degree as the original receptors of the message”; “Translation should arouse the same feeling in its receptors as the feeling of the readers of the original”---- Nida For instance: as white as snow 通常译为白如 雪 / 但没有见过雪的人可以将其翻译为“白 如白鹭毛”,以达到功能对等的目的。 Spring up like mushrooms---雨后春笋 Everybody's business is nobody's business. [1][2][3][4] 三
严 复 : 信 达 雅 — faithfulness/expressiveness/elegance. The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating. 傅 雷 : 神 似 —spiritual conformity, Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original. 强调原作神韵 再现。
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第一讲选择最佳的译文。

1.大厅的灯晃得我睁不开眼。

The lights in the hall are so bright that I could not open my eyes. 2.中国是一个历史悠久,人口众多的国家,创造了灿烂的古代文明,对人类做出了重大的贡献。

China is a populous country with a time-honored history. It’s a home of a splendid ancient civilization and a major contribution to human progress.3. They killed a bottle of Erguotou between them.他们灭了一瓶二锅头。

4.这本书再三重印,仍然供不应求。

Though we got this book reprinted several times ,the readers’ demand still exceeds its supply.I,定义:1.马建中(1894)析其字句之繁简,书其文体之变态及其理精神,析之所以然;模写其神情,仿佛其语气;阅读者所得之益,与观原文无异。

---善译翻译评论家马建中---“善译说”(1),善译的条件:“其平日冥心钩考,必先将所译者与所以译者两国文字深嗜笃好…”强调译者平日对本国语言文字和对象国语言文字必须有很高的修养,对语法学、词源学、文体学、修辞学等学科佑很深的研究,这是对译者的素养提出的最高要求。

(2),善译的过程:“一书到手,经营反复,确知其意旨之所在,而又摹写其神情,仿佛其语气,然后心悟神解,振笔而书”。

这体现了译者在整个翻译过程中理解和表达的全部。

(3),善译的实质:“译成之文适如其所译而止,而曾无毫发出入于其间”。

也就是“等值”翻译理论。

(4),善译的效果:“能使阅者所得之益与观原文无异”,这实质上达到了所谓“等效”翻译的效果。

2.Translation is to reproduce in the receptor language the closest natural equivalence of the source –language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.《The Theory and Practice of Translation》(Nida,1969)从语义到文体,用最贴近的自然对等语在接受语言中再现原语信息。

或:Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.(所谓翻译,是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息,首先在语义上,其次在文体上。

)3.The Oxford English Dictionary: to turn from one language into another(从一种语言转换成另一种语言);Webster’s third New International D ictionary of the English Language: to turn into one’s own or another language(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。

翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。

Translation is a rendering from one language into another, i.e., the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language.II,Principles and Criteria①中国几位翻译家的理论(influential translation principles):玄奘:既须求真,又须喻俗严复:信达雅--- Yan Fu’s Triple principle for translation Faithfulness信:being faithful to the original.Expressiveness达:being explicit and smooth.Elegance雅:being elegant in the words.The “three character guide” is regarded as a plumb-line of long standing to measure the professional level of translating.i.e. Penny-wise and pound-foolish.捡芝麻丢西瓜。

傅雷:神似---spiritual conformity. Emphasizing the reproduction of the spirit of the flavor of the original.强调原作神韵再现。

理想的译文仿佛原作者的中文写作。

-------傅雷钱钟书:化境---sublimed adaptation. Focus on the translator’ssmooth and idiomatic Chinese version for the sake of the Chinese reader.不因语文习惯的差异而露出牵强的痕迹。

-------钱钟书刘重德:信、达、切---faithfulness/expressiveness/closeness.鲁迅:凡是翻译,必须兼顾两面,一当然是求其易解,一则保存着原作的风姿。

矛盾:忠实的传达原文的内容和风格,用纯粹的祖国语言。

许渊冲:杨长避短,发挥译文语言优势。

中国翻译史上的论争:鲁迅:宁信而不顺---rather to be faithful than smooth。

目的:引入英文句式的表达法梁实秋、赵景深:宁顺而不信---rather to be smooth than faithful 目的:可读性强,便于交流。

②Alexander Fraser Tyler's Three Fundamentals.⑴A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.⑵Style and manner-be of the same character with that of the original.⑶ a translation should have all the ease of original composition③Eugene A.Nida’s Functional Equivalence⑴True to the original忠实原文⑵Vivid传神⑶Smooth and natural语言顺畅自然⑷Equivalence of response同等效应《Towards a Science of Translation》DIYWhen censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art”.一旦放松法律审查,招摇撞骗之徒就会打着“艺术”的幌子炮制各种乌七八糟的货色。

Franklin had many of the qualities of an inventor. They include great curiosity, broad interest, mechanical completed, and a practical view of life.富兰克林有着发明者所具备的许多品质,如求知欲强,兴趣广泛,心灵手巧,做事执着,求真务实等等。

III分类Interpretation, written translation, machine translation.Translation of English for science and technology, literary translation, practical writing translation.Full translation全译, partial translation摘译, translation plus editing编译IV品质1. Well-acquainted with the source language and the targetlanguage.Example尽管老天与他们作对,整夜下着倾盆大雨,大家都被淋得浑身透湿,这一大群人头天晚上还是聚到了一起。

This large body of men had met on the previous night, despite the elements which opposed to them, a heavy rain falling whole if night and drenched them o skin.2. Be armed with professional knowledge needed.Translation is a miscellaneous(五花八门的,各种各样的,多才多艺的) art.3. Be armed with the ability to live his part (移情)。

A translation must enter into the spirit of his character.4.Be armed with the excellent ability of expressiveness and imagination.Keep objectivity of the original and shun subjectivity.保持原文的客观性而避免主观性。

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