大学英语跨文化沟通简答题及答案
跨文化交际口语考试题（大学英语）
Topics for Final Oral Exam (3-4mins each)1.Jean Safari, an American manager, was investigating a serious error made by aJapanese worker at the Japanese subsidiary（子公司）of a US multinational（跨国公司）. A component（零件）had been inserted upside down（颠倒，混乱）and the entire batch（一组）had been pulled out of production to be reworked.The cost of this was high. Jean asked the Japanese plant director about which employee had made the error. Had she been identified? What action was being taken against her? She was amazed when the director claimed not to know. “The whole work group has accepted responsibility,”he told her. How do you understand this explanation?= = As we have seen, when asked who had made the error, the Japanese worker answered”the whole work group has accepted responsibility.”However,Jean’s question means which one person is to blame for this mistake. This case reflects the differences between individualism and collectivism .Jean is an American manager while the worker is Japanese. American culture determines American attitude associated with individualism, they think each person seperated from others,they usually think in terms of “I”.So, they will think group has relatively little influence on the behavior of group members.That’s why Jean asked which employee had made the error,you know it’s which one people.On the other hand,Japanese attitude associated with collectivism,they think each person is part of a group, he can’t be be separated from the group,they usually think in terms of “we”.So,they think everyone in the group should assume the responsibility when one person in this group made a mistake.As the saying goes in china ,you know, youfutongxiang younantongdang. That’s why he answered, The whole work group has accepted responsibility.2.I was frustrated with a low-English-level Korean student who never askedquestions in class. My goal was to equalize classroom participation, and one aspect of it was to have students ask questions when they didn’t understand something during class. I taught techniques of how to ask a question, which the students from Mexico readily adopted, but not the Korean student. Why?= =From this case, we have seen the differences between the western class and the traditional eastern class because of the different culture. In fact ,this phenomenon is so common in our Chinese classes, students don’t like asking and teachers are always talking alone. So you know, our English class sometimes is so silent, as if there was teacher only one. The western class is student-centered, teachers just give some suggestion when help is needed. Because of this, students usually think by themselves and ask some questions when they don’t understand. The student-centered way can let teachers see the students’potential. However ,the traditional eastern class is teacher-centered. The teacher is the center of the class,students are often passively to accept the knowledge .In fact ,the students are so afraid of the teacher that they avoid making any mistakes, so they usually keep silent .3. A young Japanese student came to the United States, and he was overwhelmed（压倒，覆盖）by the cordial reception（热诚的接待）he was given. He said, “The American people are wonderful. They are so warm, so friendly-much beyond my expectations.” Some time later, while traveling in the west, this same young man had had dinner with an American family and had remarked that he greatly admired the country’s efficiency, organization, and accomplishment. But he said, there was one thing he would never quite understand, and that was why Americans were so cold, so distant. His host was deeply hurt, and the visit ended on a bit of a sour note（不愉快）. What had made the Japanese young man change his view about Americans? What can you infer about American friendship based on this case?= =This case was about a young Japanese student’s experience in the United States, especially in his thoughts about Americans. This young Japanese man’s feeling is typical as many foreign visitors do so. Because of the different treat received ,he totally changed his view about Americans.From this case, we can see that how Americans regard the word “friend ship”is quite different from us Asians. American friendships develop rapidly, and they may change rapidly. People from the United States may at first seem friendly. Americans often chat easily with strangers. As we all know, Americans use the word “friend” in a very general way. They may call acquaintances and companions “friends”. These friendships are usually based on common interests. When what they shared activities end , the friendship may fade.4. Litz met a Chinese doctor in the United States, and fell in love with him and theygot married. Litz’s husband had long wished to bring his mother to live with them for a while. So, they invited her over. They are very happy about their mother’s visit. Litz knows being filial to parents is a great value Chinese people cherish. As wife of a Chinese, she tries to be as filial as her husband. Two days after the mother’s arrival, Litz talked to her husband, Dick, while his mother was sitting in the garden enjoying the sunshine.Litz: Dick, how long is your mum going to stay?Dick: I don’t know. I haven’t asked her.Litz: Why not ask her?Dick: What do you mean by asking her?Litz: I mean what I said. Just ask her how long she’ going to stay.What was going to happen the next day made Litz very confused. The mother overheard their conversation and decided to leave for China the very afternoon. Litz had never expected that her visit should be so shot.Why did the Chinese mother-in-law decide to leave the very afternoon? What went wrong?= =Because she heard what they said and feel that Litz may don’t welcome her. She felt sad and unhappy ,then she thought she had better leave .from this case ,we can see the big difference in language between China and America. Chinese people tend to speak more subtle , while the Americans are more directly . This difference is determined by the different cultures between ours. Chinese people pay more attention to subtle, and like to think the deep meaning of each of what others have said. Americans prefer to directly talk about their feelings and thoughts . They do not think that more.This will easily lead to ambiguity and then produce conflict. Just in this case ,Litz just want to know how long her Chinese mother-in-low is going to stay. However, her husband and his mother don’t think so , they think Litz don’t want his mother to live here. So this case arises.4.Linda was a young Puerto Rican girl studying in a New Y ork City high school.She was once suspected of smoking with a group of troublemakers and was punished with them by the principal. She was thought so because when she was interviewed by the principal, she avoided meeting his eyes and only stared down at the floor, hence（因此）being regarded as sly(诡秘的) and dishonest. Her mother insisted that she was a good girl while the principle firmly believed that she was not. This led to a demonstration（实证）of Puerto Rican parents at the school the next morning. And later the principal found that Linda was indeed a gentle and sweet girl.= =Linda is misunderstood because she avoided meeting the principal’s eyes and stared down at the floor.Her behaviors may express that she has down something terrible and she felt guilty .She told a lie and tried to conceal something.Sometimes eye contact plays a meaningful part in communication.Eye contact is an important aspect of body language.One could draw up quite a lot of 'rules' about eye contact: to look or not to look, when to look and how long to look, who and who not to look at, etc. And these rules vary from culture to culture.People from American culture expects eye contact, though this does not have to be constant when communicating with one another. If you look at the other person’s eye when speaking,he will think you as a confident person and feel be respected.6.Attending a conference in Rio de Janeiro, Linda struck up a conversation with a young lady from the local group. As the lady talked, she appeared to be making a physical advance, moving toward Linda every time Linda moved away. Eventually, Linda found her back against the wall, unable to retreat any further. Concerned and uncomfortable, she excused herself curtly, left the party, and did not attend any others. Why?This case is about the cultural differences in the understanding of personal space.Riode janeiro is a big city in brazil.Brazilians simply do not give private,personal space high consideration.The local lady is not as sensitive about personal space as is linda.Maybe she only wants to express her enthusiasm,so she makes a physical advance.In this sense,she never realizes that her behaviors may be regarded as rude. By constrast,linda’s culture is more sensitive to privacy.When the lady approaches her,she feels an invasion of his private space,and thus becomes angry.。
大学生英语跨文化交际复习题库
1.What kinds of things cannot be noticed by a fish in the sea?A) The foodB) The climate and the environmentC) The danger and the natural enemyD) The water正确答案为D2.Human beings also have hardware and software. __________ is to human beings what software is to computer. 人类也有硬件和软件A) CultureB) BodyC) ShapeD) Color正确答案为A3.American scholars Daniel Bates and Fred Plog define culture from intercultural perspective which reflects the role of _________.美国学者丹尼尔·贝茨和弗雷德·普洛格从跨文化的角度定义文化，反映了文化的作用A) perceptionn. 知觉；觉察（力）；观念；（农作物的）收获B) communicationC) sensationn. 感觉；直觉；知觉；轰动D) intellectual n. 知识分子；脑力劳动者；有极高智力的人；正确答案为B4.Many of the same proverbs appear throughout the world, because all people, regardless of their culture, share common _______.许多相同的谚语出现在世界各地，因为所有人，不管他们的文化如何，都是共同的A) storiesB) languagesC) experiencesD) arts正确答案为C5.We understand two characteristics of subgroups as ________ label and temporality.我们理解亚群的两个特征为________标签和时间性A) sameB) inferior ad j. 低劣的；下级的，下等的；（位置在）下面的；C) superior 优良的；更高级的；傲慢的；D) deviant 不正常的，异常的；离经叛道的正确答案为D6.__________ refers to one’s sense of belonging to a particular culture or ethnic group. It means one’s sense of the culture to which one belongs.指一个人对某一特定文化或民族的归属感。
大学跨文化英语综合教程学生用书第3册课后练习题含答案
大学跨文化英语综合教程学生用书第3册课后练习题含答案第一章跨文化交际和跨文化沟通
选择题
1.跨文化交际指的是：
A. 不同语言之间的交际
B. 不同国家之间的交际
C. 不同文化之间的交际
D. 不同年龄阶段之间的交际
答案：C
2.关于“跨文化沟通”的说法，错误的是：
A. 它期望个体能够在跨文化情境中获得顺利、成功的交流和互动。
B. 它指的是各种跨越文化的交流和互动。
C. 它是一个跨越语言和文化障碍的交际活动。
D. 它只是指在文化相同的情况下的互动和交流。
答案：D
填空题
1.跨文化交际包括文化的 ______________，交际的 ___________ 和认
知的 ______________。
答案：差异、行为、过程
简答题
1.什么是“文化冲击”？如何应对“文化冲击”？
答：“文化冲击”是指个体通过跨越文化进行交流和互动时遭受到的非常规、难以理解的交流和交往中的困扰。
个体可以采取以下措施来应对文化冲击：•接受自己文化差异所造成的影响，保持开放的心态，尝试理解和感知新环境和文化，以及与文化差异所造成的不适应。
•尝试与文化差异的人们建立联系，结交新的朋友，增进相互了解和友谊。
•积极主动地了解文化差异，了解文化冲击产生的原因，并以客观的态度学习和理解这些差异。
增加跨文化意识和跨文化学习的能力。
•在和跨文化人员交往过程中，应该尽量避免出现不当的行为和行为模式，避免引起文化冲击和不必要的误解。
跨文化交际答案1
跨文化交际答案1大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一）I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each)Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement.1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each yearand has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__.A. macrocultureB. microcultureC. globalizationD. modernization2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. Thiscase reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup.A. deviant labelB. temporalityC. wanna-be behaviorD. unexamined3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culturefrom ___B___ perspective.A. anthropological人类学B. intellectual有才智的C. socialD. psychological心理4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, wouldbe termed __B_______.A. interracial communicationB. interethnic communicationC. international communicationD. interpersonal communication5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics butsimilar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___.A. Human nature is evil but perfectibleB. Human nature is a mixture of good and evilC. Human nature is good but corruptible容易堕落的D. None of the above6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culturethat he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___.A. separation and segregation隔离B. integration整合一体化C. assimilation吸收同化D. marginalization边缘化7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In hisfirst week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock.A. honeymoon蜜月B. crisis危机C. reintegration再整合D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.A. DecodingB. ChannelC. EncodingD. Source9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes.A. NoiseB. MessageC. SourceD. Context10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source hasknowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.A. ReceiverB. DecodingC. EncodingD. FeedbackII. Terms(15 points, 3 points each)Directions:There are five terms in this section. Try to explain the following terms in your own words. Then write down the answers on the Answer Sheet.11. Intercultural communicationcommunication between people whose culture perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.12. Culture (from intercultural communication perspective)Culture is the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs,values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving. 从跨文化交际角度定义文化：文化是个人和群体在种族发展过程中所获得的知识、经验、信念、价值观、行为、态度、阶级、宗教、时间观、角色、空间观、宇宙观念的积淀，以及他们获得的物质的东西和所有物。
大学英语跨文化沟通简答题及答案
三．简答题1. What are the characteristics of culture?Learned, adaptive, pervasive, integrated, dynamic.2. What is the nature of culture?1. Culture is like an iceberg.2. Culture is our software.3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in.4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.3. What are the characteristics of communication?Communication is dynamic, systematic, symbolic, irreversible, transactional, self-reflective and contextual.4. What are the components of communication?Message, sender, receiver, channel, noise and feedback5. What are the barriers to effective intercultural communication?(1) Assumptions of similarities(2) Language differences(3) Nonverbal misinterpretations(4) Preconceptions and stereotypes(5) Tendency to evaluate(6) High anxiety or tension6. What are the categories of nonverbal communication?2. olfactics3. haptics4. kinesics5. chromatics6. attire7. What are the four modes of acculturation?Assimilation: is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process.Integration:is a process of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture.Separation and segregation: Separation is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated micro-cultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation Marginalization:Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.8. What are the four stages of the U-curve pattern intercultural adaptation?1.Honeymoon//Crisis//Adjustmen//Biculturalism Period9. How is sex different from gender?Sex: biological, permanent, individual property.Gender: socially constructed, varied over time and across cultures, social and relational qualityThe differences between sex and gender are sex refers to biological differences gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates/describes as masculine or feminine10. How to distinguish high context culture from low context culture?(了解)11. What are the forms of culture shock?1. Language shock2.Role shock3.Transition shock4.Cultural Fatigue5. Education Shock6.Adjustment Stress7.Culture Distance12. What are the components of cultural patterns?Beliefs, values, norms and social practices13. What are the differences between Chinese and English compliments?80% of English compliments are of adjectives type. 16% make use of verbs.In Chinese, positive words expressing compliments are mainly adjectives, adverbs and verbs.Native English speakers tend to accept the compliments, at least in form, whereas the Chinese tend to efface themselves in words, although they do feel comfortable about the compliments.14. What are the differences between direct and indirect verbal communication styles?In the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal the speaker’s intentions.E.g. U.S. Americans tend to use a straightforward form of request.In the indirect verbal style, on the other hand, verbal statements tend to hide the speaker’s actual intentions.E.g. Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way.15. What does the power distance measure according to Hofstede?〔选择题20〕【本文档内容可以自由复制内容或自由编辑修改内容期待你的好评和关注，我们将会做得更好】。
大学生跨文化英语口语教程1答案
大学生跨文化英语口语教程1答案1、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke2、It' s a pity that we have to stay at home when we are having（）weather. [单选题] *A. so fineB. so fine aC. such fine(正确答案)D. such a fine3、I _______ no idea of where the zoo is. [单选题] *A. thinkB. getC. have(正确答案)D. take4、There _____ wrong with my radio. [单选题] *A. are somethingB. are anythingC. is anythingD. is something(正确答案)5、During the Spring Festival, people in Northern China usually eat _______ as a traditional Chinese food. [单选题] *A. pizzaB. dumplings(正确答案)C. hamburgersD. noodles6、You must pay more attention to your pronunciation. [单选题] *A. 词汇B. 拼写C. 发音(正确答案)D. 语法7、We had a(an)_____with him about this problem last night. [单选题] *A.explanationB.impressionC.exhibitionD.discussion(正确答案)8、Don't tell me the answer, I'll work out the problem _____. [单选题] *A .by meB. myself(正确答案)C. meD. mine9、Fresh _______ is good for our health. [单选题] *A. climateB. skyC. weatherD. air(正确答案)10、You have coughed for several days, Bill. Stop smoking, _______ you’ll get better soon. [单选题] *A. butB. afterC. orD. and(正确答案)11、16．We asked ______ engineer we met before to help repair the radio yesterday. [单选题] * A．aB．anC．the(正确答案)D．/12、Mr. Bliss became the first person to die in a car accident. [单选题] *A. 事故(正确答案)B. 竞赛C. 检阅D. 交易13、I am so excited to receive a _______ from my husband on my birthday. [单选题] *A. present(正确答案)B. percentC. parentD. peace14、Growing vegetables（）constantly watering. [单选题] *A. neededB. are neededC. were neededD. needs(正确答案)15、The Spring Festival is on the way.Many shops have _______ huge posters with the word sales. [单选题] *A. put up(正确答案)B. put onC. put outD. put off16、My friends will _______ me at the airport when I arrive in London. [单选题] *A. takeB. meet(正确答案)C. receiveD. have17、--Whose _______ are these?? ? ? --I think they are John·s. [单选题] *A. keyB. keyesC. keys(正确答案)D. keies18、David ______ at home when I called at seven o’clock yesterday evening. （）[单选题] *A. didn’tB. doesn’tC. wasn’t(正确答案)D. isn’t19、We are living in an age（）many things are done by computer. [单选题] *A. thatB. whichC. whyD. when(正确答案)20、29．There is a book in your left hand. What’s in your ___________ hand? [单选题] * A．the othersB．other (正确答案)C．anotherD．others21、The little boy saved his money ______ he could buy his mother a gift on Mother’s Day.（）[单选题] *A. butB. such thatC. in order toD. so that(正确答案)22、The reason I didn't attend the lecture was simply _____ I got a bad cold that day. [单选题] *A. becauseB. asC. that(正确答案)D. for23、How can I _______ the nearest supermarket? [单选题] *A. get offB. get upC. get to(正确答案)D. get on24、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which25、Sometimes Americans are said to be _____. [单选题] *A superficially friendB superficial friendC. superficial friendlyD. superficially friendly(正确答案)26、The secretary was asked to_____of the waste paper on the desk. [单选题] *A.disappearB.dispose(正确答案)C.declareD.got rid27、Tom sits _______ Mary and Jane. [单选题] *A. amongB. between(正确答案)C. onD. next28、I haven’t met him _____ the last committee meeting. [单选题] *A. forB. since(正确答案)C. atD. before29、The early Americans wanted the King to respect their rights. [单选题] *A. 统治B. 满足C. 尊重(正确答案)D. 知道30、( ) It ___ the Chinese people 8 years to build the Dam. [单选题] *A. took(正确答案)B. costsC. paidD. spends。
《大学英语跨文化交际课程》讨论问题及答案
《大学英语跨文化交际课程》讨论问题及答案第一套：1 There are organizations devoted to Ford cars and trucks. Some people are preoccupied with that for a while and then lose interest and hence relinquish membership in the group.2 Army personnel in uniform are required to salute when they meet and recognize persons entitled (by grade) to salute except when it is inappropriate or impractical (in public conveyances such as plans and buses , in public places such as inside the theaters, or when driving a vehicle).3. Li Lan had an American friend Susan. They usually had lunch together and Li Lan often asked Susan for advice on problems she faced adjusting to American society. Susan gave Li Lan a lot of advice and helped her to improve her English. Once Li Lan needed urgently a big sum of money to pay her tuition fee. Since she has no other friends in the States, she turned to Susan for help and promised that she would return the money soon.To Li Lan's great disappointment, this time Susan didn't seem happy to lend the money to her. Though Li Lan returned the money as she promised, they didn't get along well from then on. Questions:(1) What are the differences in what American and Chinese young people expect from their friends?(2) What kind of advice would you give to hath of them so that they could get to know each other?第二套：1 Xiao LI and Xiao Wang were colleagues. Xiao LI gave a lot of help to Xiao Wang financially and socially. Recently Xiao LI would get married. But he forgot inviting Xiao Wang attend his wedding. Later Xiao Wang got information about Xiao LI’ wedding and sent RMB 500 Yuan to Xiao LI.2. People in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15. Why?3. Can you use Confucianism to explain why Chinese people both have fan and chai in one meal?第三套：1.In 1997, a Danish woman left her 14-month-old baby girl in a stroller outside a Manhattan restaurant while she was inside. Other diners at the restaurant became concerned and called New York City Police. The woman was charged with endangering a child and was jailed for two nights. Her child was placed in foster care. The woman and the Danish consulate explained that leaving children unattended outside cages is common in Denmark. Pictures were wired to the police showing numerous strollers parked outside cafes while parents were eating inside.2. Assume that global warming is a fact, and, as a result, assume that summers in the United States average 43℃(109℉). It would be logical to make adjustments: Rather than air condition building all day, you might close schools and businesses in the afternoons to conserve energy. Such adjustments would make sense. Why then do some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness?第四套：1 Sometimes parents will say to their children “ We don’t associate with people like that.” Or “be careful when you’re with them.”2. A classic psychology study in the 1970s had two groups of undergraduates read stories about a woman. The stories were identical, except that one had the sentence “ Betty is now a lesbian.” On a test one week later, individuals in the group that had read that Betty is a lesbian were much more likely than individuals in the other group to recall having read that Betty never dated men. In fact, the story that both groups had read stated that Betty dated men occasionally.3. In India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste may approach other castes, and Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. North Americans in an elevator maintain personal space if the physical space permits it. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator.4. In Thailand and Laos, it is rude for a stranger or acquaintance to touch a child on the top of the head because the head is regarded as the home of the spirit or soul. It is believed that a child’s spirit or soul is not strong enough to be touched and has tendency to become ill if patted.第五套：1 Chinese students can not make good use of the following phrases which are comprised of only simple words, such as read between the lines,hold water, kick the bucket.2 During World WarⅡ, the Allies had issued the Potsdam Ultimatum demanding the surrender of the Japanese military to end the war. Prime Minister Suzuki said, “The government does not see much value in it. All we have to do is mokusatsu it.” But the word mokusatsu can mean anything from “ignore” to “treat with silent contempt.” The Allies took it as the most offensive meaning. 3. The US and China have continual conflicts on human rights. Both accused the other side that they have human rights abuses. Despite of great efforts in resolving the differences, the problem still exists.第六套：1 A student from Colombia may study in the United States and earn a Ph.D., teach at adistinguished university, and publish important books, but when he returns to visit Colombia, people to whom he is introduced will want to know to whom he is related. Colombians want to know who his family is because that places him in society much more so than any of his accomplishments in the United States.2．In Germany, there is a society that relies on rules, laws and regulations. Students expect their teachers to be experts who have all the answers. In the workplace, there is an inner need to work hard. Germany wants to reduce its risks to the minimum and proceed with changes step by step. 3．Employment decisions cannot be made on the basis of age, ancestry or ethnicity, disability, marital or parental status, race, religion, or sex.4．Time clocks are everywhere: In homes, cars, work sites, on wrists, at organized play sites. Many people report feeling uncomfortable not knowing the time. Perhaps only camping in the woods---without a radio and clocks--- can one be free of time awareness in the United States.第七套：1 Japanese advertising reflects Confucian and collectivistic values. Concepts of face and harmony relate to an indirect communication style, It is said that the goal of Japanese advertising is to win the trust and respect of the consumer; Taiwan advertising generally links the product to the consumer’s traditional Chinese values, such as family relations and respect for authority. 2．Disney’s ＄4.4 billion Euro Disney opened outside Paris in April 1992, later the park was losing ＄1 million a day. Disney was forced to take some measures; it had discounted its own value as a U.S. icon. It has now become the most popular tourist attraction in France.3．Post-World War ⅡJapanese products of the time were popularly known as “junk”, so General Douglas MacArthur asked Washington to send someone to help conduct a national census and assess Japan’s ability to rebuild. Dr. W. Edward Deming, a relatively unknown statistician for the U.S. government, was sent. Deming stressed achieving uniform results during production rather than through inspection at the end of the production line.Later, Dr. Joseph Juran lectured in Japan on extending quality from just manufacturing to the entire process from product design to product delivery to the customer. This and other efforts had by 1970s resulted in top-quality cameras, electronics, etc.Later, companies such as Lockheed and Honeywell started similar pilot programs, but the program did not fit in well with the dominant U.S value of individualism.Questions:（1）analyze the role of General MacArthur and Dr. Deming in the model?（2）why did the program did not have the same impact they had in Japan?第八套：1 When a person arrives in a new country, everything seems so new and exciting.2 An international student in a U.S. grocery may be asked, “Paper or plastic?” The student knows what paper is and what plastic is, but doesn’t understand the question.3 The practice of cao gio —rubbing coins with hot balm oil on the chest and back of a sick person —led to the jailing of one father, who subsequently committed suicide.4 The defendants, who were members of the Amish faith, refused to send their children, aged 14 and 15, to public school after the children had completed the eighth grade.第九套：1.Budweiser advertised to three regional subgroups: In California, Texas, and the Southwest, advertisements aimed at Spanish-speakers of Mexican heritage featured cowboys and cactus; In the Northeast, advertisements aimed at Puerto Ricans featured cityscapes and salsa music; and the Florida, advertisements aimed at Cubans featured palm trees, cigars, and bananas. Each advertisement featured differently accented Spanish and national-origin-appropriate music.2. The Nielsen study of Hispanic television viewing showed that Hispanics watch very differently TV shows than the general public does. Adults prefer Univision and Telemundo to the English-language network shows 3 to 1. Of English-language shows, only 1 in 4 of the top 10 shows shows preferred by the general public rated in the top 10 for Hispanics.3. Leslie Zhueng was a famous singer and movie star in Hong Kong. His fame and popularity brought a lot wealth to him. And he had a boyfriend, Mr. Tang.4. Southwest is the only major airline in the U.S. that has been profitable in each of the last five years. It has the youngest fleet, the best safety record, and awards for customer service. Like all the better-performing companies, Southwest Airlines has a well-defined set of values that helps the company to survive in those difficult times.第十套：1.A White male department manager posted training opportunities as required but strongly encouraged other White heterosexual man in the department to sign up. He never mentioned them to any women, ethnic group members, or lesbians and gay men.2.A new Spanish immigrant to the United States may have a strong feeling of discomfort, fear, or insecurity when he enters into the Unites States.参考答案第一套：1 This case can reflect one of features of subgroup ---Temporality. Membership in somegroup is temporary; that is, members may participate for a time and later become inactive or separate from it altogether.2 Every culture and subgroup provides its members with rules of behavior, or what are called rules and norms. Indeed, the extent to which a person is a member of a culture is often gauged by his or her adherence to norms. In communication studies, it is assumed that behavior governed by socially agreed-on norms or by one’s individual guidelines for behavior. Army personnel belongs to subgroups, therefore it has its own rules and norms . Salute is one of them.3.1)Li Lan asked to borrow money from her American friend Susan, which is rarely part of Western friendship. Li Lan and Susan have different expectations of friendship.2) In the West, people prefer to be independent and equal rather than dependent, so they don't feel comfortable in a relationship in which one person gives more and the other person is dependent on what is given. Among friends they mostly provide emotional support to each other and spend time together, so they rarely borrow or lend money to each other. They would ask for a loan from the bank rather than from their friends. While in China, people expect their friends to Be loyal to each other, and they even take risks for their friends. So they would give not only emotional support to each other but also concrete help to each other, such as helping to find a job, solving a problem, or even giving money to help one out over along period of time. So when a friend is in need, the first person he or she wants to ask for help is naturally his/her friend.3) As an American, Susan would like to help her Chinese friend Li Lan. But she didn't expect Li Lan would ask for money, which goes against the principle of independence and equality. While as a Chinese, Li Lan regarded Susan as her good friend, and she considered it natural to ask to borrow money from Susan when she needed the money urgently.）4) Li Lan first should try to get to know American culture as much as possible. She may also need to have a discussion with Susan about the different ways of friendship in both cultures. If possible, she could try to ask for a loan from a bank.5) Susan should also try to learn to understand Chinese culture. She could also have a discussion with Li Lan about the different expectation of friendship in both cultures. If she could understand the Chinese ways, she might help Li Lan out financially by lending her the money.第二套：1．In Chinese culture influenced by Confucianism, if someone does a favor for you, you should return the favor to them. This is very common for Chinese people .In the philosophy ofConfucianism Reciprocity are the base of relationships. Gratitude and indebtedness are important parts of Chinese culture. If a person feels uneasy to be indebted of someone , payback is necessary to achieve balance in the relationship.2．Interpretation refers to attaching meaning to sense data. The same situation can be interpreted quite differently by diverse people. The effect of culture is great. Applying these same cues to someone from another culture may not work. So people in the United States frequently err in guessing the age of Japanese individuals, such as judging a Japanese college student in mid-20s to be only 14 or 15.3．The distinctive process of preparing Chinese cuisine is based on Confucius and his philosophy fan and chai of balance. There is a division between fan, Chinese for grains and other starch foods, and chai vegetable and meat dishes. A balanced meal must have an appropriate amount of fan and chai.第三套：1. This case reflects one of the barriers to the effective intercultural communication----assuming similarity instead of difference. The Danish woman had assumed that Copenhagen is similar to New York, that what is commonly done in Copenhagen is also commonly done in New York.2. The reason why some people attribute sensible midday siestas in hot climates to laziness is that they negatively judge aspects of another culture by the standards of one’s own culture. This case reflects one of the barriers----- ethnocentrism.第四套：1 This case can reflect one of reasons for the persistence of prejudice--- socialization. Prejudicesare learned. Many prejudices are passed on from parents to children.2 The group’s stereotype of a lesbian influenced what they recalled having read. Stereotypes also impede communication when they cause us to assume that a widely held belief is true of any one individual. For example, if a group is stereotyped as dishonest, that does not mean that any on individual in that group is dishonest.3．This case can reflect one nonverbal communication category ---Proxemics. How much space we each want between ourselves and others depends on our cultural learning, our upbringing in our families, the specific situation, and our relationship with the people to whom we’re talking. The physical distance we want between ourselves and others does vary from culture to culture. 4. This case reflects one nonverbal communication category---Haptics. Haptics is communicating by touch. Touch can communicate a wide variety of messages. The meaning of touch depends on the kind of touch (hard, gentle, etc.) and the context. Different societies have different norms fortouching. These rules determine the kinds of touching that are appropriate for certain situations and social relationships.第五套：1. This case can reflect the lack of idiomatic equivalence between two cultures is a barrier to successful translation. 2 Language that are different often lack words that are directly translatable. This leads to the lack of vocabulary equivalence, which is one of the causes of translation problems.第六套：1．This case can reflect the differences between individualist culture and collectivist culture. Cultures characterized by collectivism emphasize relationships among people to a greater degree. Collectivist cultures stress interdependent activities and suppressing individual aims for the group’s welfare.2 This case can reflect the feature of high uncertainty avoidance cultures. Cultures strong in uncertainty avoidance are active, aggressive, emotional, compulsive, security seeking, and intolerant.3．Equality is an important cultural myth in the United States. The U.S. legal system promises equal treatment. It is popularly said that everyone should be treated equally. Everyone should have the same opportunity to work hard and succeed.4．In the United States, time is viewed as a commodity. Such phrases as “time is money,”“how much time do you have?”“ don’t waste time,” and “budget your time” are common. When time is thought of as a commodity, one needs to be constantly aware of it.第七套：1 This case can reflect the key to the diffusion and convergence processes across cultures isadaptation of the message to the receiving cultural. The key is to adapt to the local cultural, localize thinking, localize the product, and localize the marketing strategy.2 The introduction or rejection of an innovation has consequences for a society. All the parts of a culture are interrelated. One change can have repercussions in other areas. Not all of those consequences can be anticipated.3．(1) In this example, General Mac Arthur provided the opinion leadership and Dr. Deming was the change agent.(2) Because quality circles did not fit in well with the dominant U.S value of individualism.第八套：1. It’s the first stage of culture shock: “honeymoon stage” or initial euphoria.2. It’s the second stage of culture shock: disintegration of familiar cues and irritation hostility with the differences experienced in the new culture.3.This is one example of the differences between U.S. and Vietnamese cultures. Misunderstandings about folk medicine practiced by Vietnamese refugees have led to charges of child abuse and at least one suicide. Understanding of the cultural differences could help prevent further unfortunate incidents like this.4. After the eighth grade, Amish children may continue education at home on the farm to learn the practical skills of providing for family and community. Further education is discouraged as it instills feelings of superiority that would lead to placing the needs of the self over those of the community. So this example shows that the Amish people live separately from the dominant culture and maintain their own cultural identity.第九套：1 From these advertisements, we can discover that marketing to the Hispanic community involveds not only language and images that mean something to the buyer but also cultural traditions and valures. And the larger advertisers have learned that the Hispanic culture is not one culture but many.2. This study showed that Spanish language was the most important factor in reaching the Hispanic audience.3. Leslie Zhueng belonged to different subgroups and had various subgroup identities. According to region, he was a Hong Kong resident. According to occupation, he was a singer and actor. According to economic status, he was rich. And according to sexual orientation, he was a gay.4. Cooperate culture is a form of subgroup culture. Cooperate culture provides members in the organization a set of values and patterns of behavior. Like cultures, corporate culture has its own heroes, rituals, media and values.第十套：1. In the heterosexual White male dominant culture in the United States, women, ethnic group members, minorities groups and homosexual people often experience discrimination in employment activities.2. A new immigrant may experience culture shock when he enters into the United States. Cultural shock is psychological reaction, which naturally happens when a person enters into a new culture. There are certain syndromes at each period of culture shock.。
大学英语跨文化复习题
大学英语跨文化复习题一、选择题1. 跨文化交流中，以下哪个行为是尊重对方文化的体现？A. 坚持自己的习惯，不改变B. 尝试理解并接受对方的文化差异C. 只关注自己的文化，忽视对方的文化D. 强迫对方接受自己的文化2. 在英语国家，以下哪个行为是礼貌的？A. 直接打断别人说话B. 等待别人说完再发言C. 在公共场合大声喧哗D. 未经允许触摸他人的物品3. 在英语国家，以下哪个行为是不礼貌的？A. 见面时握手B. 请客人先入座C. 用食指指人D. 用“请”和“谢谢”4. 在英语国家，以下哪个礼物是不合适的？A. 巧克力B. 鲜花C. 钟表D. 书籍5. 在英语国家，以下哪个话题是敏感的？A. 工作B. 家庭C. 政治D. 天气二、填空题6. 在英语国家，人们通常不喜欢谈论个人_________，因为这可能涉及到隐私。
7. 当你被邀请到别人家中做客时，带上一份小礼物是一种_________的行为。
8. 在英语国家，人们在公共场合_________时，通常会保持较低的音量。
9. 在英语国家，_________是表示尊重的一种常见方式。
10. 在英语国家，人们在_________时，通常会避免讨论政治或宗教等敏感话题。
三、简答题11. 描述一下在英语国家，人们在商务场合中通常遵循的礼仪规则。
12. 解释为什么在跨文化交流中，了解和尊重对方的文化习惯是非常重要的。
13. 请举例说明在英语国家，如何通过非语言沟通（如肢体语言、面部表情等）来表达尊重和友好。
14. 描述一下在英语国家，人们在餐饮场合中通常遵循的礼仪规则。
15. 讨论一下在英语国家，如何避免文化冲突，并建立有效的跨文化交流。
四、论述题16. 论述跨文化交际中常见的误解和冲突，以及如何通过有效的沟通技巧来解决这些问题。
17. 分析在全球化背景下，掌握跨文化交际能力的重要性，并提出提高个人跨文化交际能力的策略。
五、案例分析题18. 阅读以下案例：一位中国学生在美国大学学习期间，由于不了解当地的文化习惯，在一次小组讨论中，他直接指出了一位美国同学的观点错误，导致该同学感到尴尬和不快。
大学英语跨文化交际chapter 1 Culture
A_______
P_______
_
Four definitions of “Culture”
I________
_
S_______
_
Text C The Characteristics of Culture
LEARNED
ADAPTIVE
CULTURE IS…
DYNAMIC
PERVASIVE
INTEGRATED
3. Culture Is Pervasive
Like the air we breathe, culture penetrates into every aspect of our life and influences the way we think, the way we talk, and the way we behave.
‘CULTURE’ IS:
We define culture as “the deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, actions, attitudes, hierarchies, religions, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and artifacts acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.”
2. Culture Is Dynamic
Activity: Exploring Ideas Do you know any other events that have great influence on culture? Tell your partner how the following events changed culture. 1. China’s policy of reform and opening-up 2. The United States’ entering WWII 3. The atomic bombing in Japan in WWII
广东开放大学10150跨文化商务沟通
body language 体态语/身体语言 posture 姿势/身势 eye contact 目光接触/目光交流, nonverbal communication 非言语交际/非言语交流 connotation 内涵意义/联想意义 facial expression 面部表情 denotation 概念意义/显性意义 body touch 身体接触 gesture 手势, culturally loaded words 文化负载词 When nonverbal behavior contradicts a verbal message, people tend to believe the
believable, because many of our verbal actions take place on a conscious level.
选择一项： A. True B. False 本句参考译文：当言语信息与非言语信息不一致时，人们往往宁愿依赖言语信息来理解对方的交际意图，这是因为人们的很多言语行为是有意 识表现出来的。【知识点来源：Unit 2】
陈述与事实相符。Monochronic-time schedules意思是“单时制安排”，和Polychronic-time (M-time) schedules（“多时制安排”）相反， 指代一种典型的时间观念：人们认为时间是线性的且可以分割，因为时间是有限的资源，所以必须提前合理安排利用，在某一时间段只做一件 事情，最重要的是时间不能浪费。请看课程主页“案例研读”——Unit 2：单时制的美国人和多时制的墨西哥人。 Nonverbal communication is used only as a means of regulating verbal communication.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
三．简答题
1. What are the characteristics of culture?
Learned, adaptive, pervasive, integrated, dynamic.
2. What is the nature of culture?
1. Culture is like an iceberg.
2. Culture is our software.
3. Culture is like the water a fish swims in.
4. Culture is the grammar of our behavior.
3. What are the characteristics of communication?
Communication is dynamic, systematic, symbolic, irreversible, transactional, self-reflective and contextual.
4. What are the components of communication?
Message, sender, receiver, channel, noise and feedback
5. What are the barriers to effective intercultural communication?
(1) Assumptions of similarities
(2) Language differences
(3) Nonverbal misinterpretations
(4) Preconceptions and stereotypes
(5) Tendency to evaluate
(6) High anxiety or tension
6. What are the categories of nonverbal communication?
1.ocuelsics
2. olfactics
3. haptics
4. kinesics
5. chromatics
6. attire
7. What are the four modes of acculturation?
Assimilation: is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process.
Integration:is a process of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture.
Separation and segregation: Separation is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated micro-cultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation Marginalization:Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.
8. What are the four stages of the U-curve pattern intercultural adaptation?
1.Honeymoon//Crisis//Adjustmen//Biculturalism Period
9. How is sex different from gender?
Sex: biological, permanent, individual property.
Gender: socially constructed, varied over time and across cultures, social and relational quality
The differences between sex and gender are sex refers to biological differences gender describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates/describes as masculine or feminine
10. How to distinguish high context culture from low context culture?(了解)
11. What are the forms of culture shock?
1. Language shock
2.Role shock
3.Transition shock
4.Cultural Fatigue
5. Education Shock
6.Adjustment Stress
7.Culture Distance
12. What are the components of cultural patterns?
Beliefs, values, norms and social practices
13. What are the differences between Chinese and English compliments?
80% of English compliments are of adjectives type. 16% make use of verbs.
In Chinese, positive words expressing compliments are mainly adjectives, adverbs and verbs.
Native English speakers tend to accept the compliments, at least in form, whereas the Chinese tend to efface themselves in words, although they do feel comfortable about the compliments.
14. What are the differences between direct and indirect verbal communication styles?
In the direct verbal style, statements clearly reveal the speaker’s intentions.
E.g. U.S. Americans tend to use a straightforward form of request.
In the indirect verbal style, on the other hand, verbal statements tend to hide the speaker’s actual in tentions.
E.g. Chinese tend to ask for a favor in a more roundabout and implicit way.
15. What does the power distance measure according to Hofstede?
（选择题20）
如有侵权请联系告知删除，感谢你们的配合！。