四川大学357英语翻译基础2010-2016年专业课真题试卷
2010年四川大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷答案
一、名词解释1 【正确答案】 Language as interaction involves not just vocal behavior but many kinds of behavior and to engage in face-to-face communication is to co-monitor with the other person on a behavioral continuum along which a succession of integrated events can be expected to occur.【试题解析】 (考查语言交际论的定义)2 【正确答案】 It refers to the use of language for the sheer joy of using it, such as singing or poetry writing.【试题解析】 (考查语言的娱乐功能)3 【正确答案】 Universal grammar holds that there are certain fundamental grammatical ideas which all humans possess without having to learn them, which acts as a way to explain how language acquisition works in humans by showing the most basic rules that all languages have to follow.【试题解析】 (考查普遍语法的定义)4 【正确答案】 Fricative consonant is produced when there is close approximation of two articulators so that the airstream is partially obstructed and turbulent airflow is produced, which includes[f],[v],[θ], and so on.【试题解析】 (考查摩擦音的定义)5 【正确答案】 IC analysis, short for Immediate Constituent Analysis, refers to the analysis of a sentence in terms of its immediate constituents—word groups(or phrases), which are in turn analyzed into the immediate constituents of their own, and the process goes on until the ultimate constituents are reached.【试题解析】 (考查直接成分分析法)6 【正确答案】 Conceptual meaning, also called denotative meaning, involves the relationship between a linguistic unit and the nonlinguistic entities to which it refers. Forexample, a desk is a piece of furniture with a flat top and four legs, at which one reads and writes; and a dog is an animal kept as a pet, for guarding buildings, or for hunting.【试题解析】 (考查概念意义)7 【正确答案】 Radiation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays. The meanings are independent of one another, but can all be traced back to the central meaning. For example, the primary meaning of the word "neck" is that part of a man or animal jointing the head to the body, but it can also mean the neck of an animal used as food. Therefore, we can say "neck" has developed through the process of radiation. Another example is the word " head". In the phrases like the head of a school, to come to a head, the word " head" has different meanings, but they all derive from special application of the central idea of head as a part of the body.【试题解析】 (考查词义辐射)8 【正确答案】 Performative verbs are verbs carried out simply by means of uttering them aloud. The uttering of the verbs is, or is a part of, the doing of the action. Performative verbs include "promise" ,"invite" /'apologize" , and so on. For example, when a judge sentences someone to jail time, the action is completed when he or she says, "I hereby sentence you to five years in prison," or in sentences like "I name this ship the Queen Elizabeth. "【试题解析】 (考查施为性动词)9 【正确答案】 Conversational implicature is proposed by H. P. Grice. It refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. In this sense, implicature is comparable to illocutionary force in speech act theory in that they are both concerned with the contextual side of meaning, or 言外之意 in Chinese. For example, the sentence "Mary had a baby and got married" strongly suggests that Mary had the baby before the wedding, but the sentence would still be strictly true if Mary had her baby after she got married. To make it clearer, we can see another Chinese examplein a film. A boy says to a girl “你不戴眼镜时很漂亮”, and the girl immediately responds “我戴眼镜时一定很丑了”. Now the boy may have reason to deny that the girl's interpretation is what he said. But he may not be able to deny in all fairness that this is, at least partly, what he implied.【试题解析】 (考查会话含义理论)10 【正确答案】 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis suggests that our language helps mould our way of thinking and, consequently, different languages may probably express our unique ways of understanding the world. The hypothesis has two important points, linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. The principle of linguistic relativity holds that the structure of a language affects the ways in which its speakers are able to conceptualize their world, i. e. their world view. One of the examples is that there are many words for "snow" in the Inuit language, and the other example is that there are many words for "horse" in the Mongolian language.【试题解析】 (考查语言相对论)二、词汇题11 【正确答案】assets→asset12 【正确答案】 burgl ar→burgle13 【正确答案】enthusiasm→enthuse14 【正确答案】greedy→greed15 【正确答案】hushed→hush16 【正确答案】automation→automate17 【正确答案】donation→donate18 【正确答案】escalator→escalate19 【正确答案】homesickness→homesick20 【正确答案】amusingly→amusing三、简答题21 【正确答案】 We have to teach culture in the language classroom because language is an indispensable carrier of culture. Culture finds a better representation through language use. A joint study of these two subjects will definitely broaden the horizon of the students' knowledge and enhance the study of language. The correlation highlights the pursuit of the relationship between the two.(2 points)Therefore, we have to keep in mind that it is a rather difficult job to know another culture. At the same time, we have to realize the fascinating role of cultural knowledge in language teaching.(1 point)In language teaching, we have to get the students familiar with cultural differences; to help the students transcend their own culture and see things as the members of the target culture will; and to emphasize the inseparability of understanding language and understanding culture through various classroom practices. All in all, successful mastery of a given language has much to do with an understanding of that culture.(2 points)【试题解析】考查文化在外语教学中的重要意义。
四川大学英语翻译基础2010真题
2010 年攻读四川大学翻译 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
创业板 中国特色的社会主义市场经济 选秀 外交庇护 稳健的货币政策 摸着石头过河
II. Directions: Translate the following source texts into their target languages respectively. If the source text is in English, its target language is Chinese. If the source text is in Chinese, its target language is English. (120’) Source Text 1: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call--lamely, enviously-- whole persons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive-- and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly-- and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more wary of the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off--with the greatest facility--the 'inside" (character, intellect) from the "outside" (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good. Source Text 2: Frankly speaking, Adam, I created Eve to tame you. Indeed she is wiser than you because she knows less but understands more. Charm is her strength just as your strength is charm. Doubtless you are active, eager, passionate, variable, progressive and original but she is passive, stable, sympathetic and faithful. In other words you are like animals which use up energy, whereas she is like the plants which store up energy. Henceforth you have got to get along with her willy-nilly in sun and rain, joys and sorrows, peace and turbulence. For you the Rubicon has been crossed. It is up to you now to make the situation a blessing or a curse. I would refuse to entertain any more request from you to take her back. Source Text 3: 新疆维吾尔自治区地处中国西北边陲，亚欧大陆腹地，面积 166.49 万平方公
2013年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．SAARC正确答案：南亚区域合作联盟2．P5-plus-l正确答案：(联合国安全理事会的五个常任理事国+德国)P5+1集团3．QE 3正确答案：第三轮量化宽松政策4．CDM正确答案：清洁发展机制5．BRICS正确答案：金砖五国6．UNCTAD正确答案：联合国贸易发展会议7．SCO正确答案：上海合作组织8．Hamid Karzai正确答案：哈米德·卡尔扎伊9．Fiscal Cliff正确答案：财政悬崖10．mandatory evacuation正确答案：强制撤离11．Non Aligned Movement正确答案：不结盟运动12．CO2 equivalent正确答案：二氧化碳等价物13．social media正确答案：社交媒体14．UN General Assembly 67 th Session正确答案：第67届联合国大会15．hybrid cars正确答案：混合动力汽车汉译英16．亚欧首脑会议正确答案：Asia—Europe Summit Meeting17．中共十八大正确答案：the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China 18．移动媒体正确答案：mobile media19．光棍节正确答案：Singles’Day20．反倾销与反补贴正确答案：anti—dumping and anti-subsidy21．电视相亲正确答案：TV dating22．上海期货交易所正确答案：Shanghai Futures Exchange23．富二代正确答案：the affluent second generation24．海上风能正确答案：offshore wind energy25．早稻田大学正确答案：Waseda University26．车载信息系统正确答案：info-telematic system27．伦敦金融城正确答案：City of London28．资产负债表正确答案：balance sheet29．“被就业”正确答案：falsification of graduates employment status 30．《文心雕龙》正确答案：The Literary Mind and the Carving of Dragons 英汉互译英译汉31．The misfortunes of human beings may be divided into two classes: First, those inflicted by the non-human environment and, second, those inflicted by other people. As mankind has progressed in knowledge and technique, the second class has become a continually increasing percentage of the total. In old times, famine, for example, was due to natural causes, and although people did their best to combat it, large numbers of them died of starvation. At the present moment large parts of the world are faced with the threat of famine, but although natural causes have contributed to the situation, the principal causes are human. For six years the civilized nations of the world devoted all their best energies to killing each other, and they find it difficult suddenly to switch over to keeping each other alive. Having destroyed harvests, dismantled agricultural machinery, and disorganized shipping, they find it no easy matter to relieve the shortage of crops in one place by means of a superabundance in another, as would easily be done if the economic system were in normal working order. As this illustration shows, it is now man that is man’s worst enemy. Nature, it is true, still sees to it that we are mortal, but with the progress in medicine it will become more and more common for people to live until they have had their fill of life. We are supposed to wish to live forever and to look forward to the unending joys of heaven, of which, by miracle, the monotony will never grow stale. But in fact, if you question any candid person who is no longer young, he is very likely to tell you that, having tasted life in this world, he has no wish to begin again as a ‘new boy’in another. For the future, therefore, it may be taken that the most important evils that mankind have to consider are those which they inflict upon each other through stupidity or malevolence or both.正确答案：人类的不幸可以分为两种类型，第一种是非人类的环境因素强加的不幸，第二类是其他人造成的不幸。
四川大学翻译硕士英语真题2010年
四川大学翻译硕士英语真题2010年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary(总题数：20，分数：30.00)1.Tom is the most ______ pupil in the class.（分数：1.50）A.industrious √B.indulgentC.industrialistD.industrial解析：indulgent放纵的；溺爱的。
industrialist工业家，实业家。
industrial工业的；产业的。
2.The mayor of the city is a ______ old man.（分数：1.50）A.respectiveB.respectfulC.respectingD.respectable √解析：respectable可敬的；有名望的。
respective各自的。
respectful有礼貌的；尊重人的。
respecting 动词现在分词形式。
3.I believe reserves of coal here ______ to last for fifty years.（分数：1.50）A.efficientB.sufficient √C.proficientD.effective解析：sufficient充足的，充分的。
efficient效率高的；有能力的。
proficient熟练的；能手。
4.Mr. Smith complained about the ______ air-conditioner he had bought from the company.（分数：1.50）A.infectiousB.deficientC.ineffectiveD.defective √解析：defective有缺陷的，有瑕疵的。
infectious传染的；有感染力的。
deficient不足的，缺乏的。
ineffective无效的，不起作用的。
四川大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础真题2010年
四川大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础真题2010年(总分：150.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、I.Directions:Translatethefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyintotheirtarg etlanguagerespectively.Therearealtogether30itemsinthispartofthetest,15inEnglish and15inChinese,withonepintforeach.(30’)(总题数：30，分数：30.00)1.OECD（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(经济合作与发展组织)解析：2.NASA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(National Aeronautic and Space Administration 美国国家航空航天局)解析：3.IAEA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(国际原子能机构)解析：4.ASEM（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(亚欧25国和欧盟委员会的政府间论坛)解析：5.UNICEF（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(联合国儿童基金会)解析：6.ASEAN（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(东南亚国家联盟 )解析：7.APEC（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(石油输出国组织)解析：8.IPR（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(知识产权)解析：9.CEPA（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(《更紧密经贸关系的安排》)解析：10.Special Safeguard Mechanism（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(特别安保机制)解析：11.Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(次贷危机)解析：12.Free Trade Agreement（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(自由贸易协议)解析：13.bonded warehouse（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(保税工厂 )解析：14.Encyclopedia Britannica（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(大不列颠百科全书 )解析：15.binary opposition（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(二元对立)解析：16.《论语》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(The Analects )解析：17.《红楼梦》（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(A Dream of Red Mansions )解析：18.扫黄打非（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Crack Down the Pornography and Illegal Publications )解析：19.西部大开发（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Development for Western Areas )解析：20.高度自治（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(High Degree of Autonomy )解析：21.发烧门诊（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Fever Clinic )解析：22.转基因食品（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(GM food (genetically modified food) )解析：23.小排量汽车（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Cars of Low Emission )解析：24.温室气体排放（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Greenhouse Gases Emission)解析：25.创业板（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(GEM; Growth Enterprise Market )解析：26.中国特色的社会主义市场经济（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Socialistic Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics )解析：27.选秀（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Talent Show )解析：28.外交庇护（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Diplomatic Asylum )解析：29.稳健的货币政策（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(Stable and Healthy Monetary Policy)解析：30.摸着石头过河（分数：1.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(feel one's way along inch by inch)解析：二、II.Directions:Translatethefollowingsourcetextsintotheirtargetlanguagesrespectiv ely.IfthesourcetextisinEnglish,itstargetlanguageisChinese.IfthesourcetextisinCh inese,itstargetlanguageisEnglish.(120’)(总题数：4，分数：120.00)31.Source Text 1: For the Greeks, beauty was a virtue: a kind of excellence. Persons then were assumed to be what we now have to call--lamely, enviously-- wholepersons. If it did occur to the Greeks to distinguish between a person's "inside" and "outside," they still expected that inner beauty would be matched by beauty of the other kind. The well-born young Athenians who gathered around Socrates found it quite paradoxical that their hero was so intelligent, so brave, so honorable, so seductive-- and so ugly. One of Socrates' main pedagogical acts was to be ugly-- and to teach those innocent, no doubt splendid-looking disciples of his how full of paradoxes life really was. They may have resisted Socrates' lesson. We do not. Several thousand years later, we are more waryof the enchantments of beauty. We not only split off--with the greatest facility--the 'inside" (character, intellect) from the "outside" (looks); but we are actually surprised when someone who is beautiful is also intelligent, talented, good.（分数：30.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( 在希腊人看来，美丽是一种品德，一种优点。
2016年四川大学英语语言文字综合英语考研真题(完整版)凯程首发
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！
第 1 页 共 1 页 2016年四川大学英语语言文字综合英语
考研真题（完整版）凯程首发
刚考完2016考研初试，凯程教育的电话瞬间变成了热线，同学们兴奋地汇报自己的答题情况，几乎所有内容都在凯程考研集训营系统训练过，所考专业课难度与往年相当，答题的时候非常顺手，相信凯程的学员们对此非常熟悉，预祝亲爱的同学们复试顺利。
考研分笔试、面试，如果没有准备，或者准备不充分，很容易被挂掉。
如果需要复试的帮助，同学们可以联系凯程老师辅导。
下面凯程老师把专业的真题全面展示给大家，供大家估分使用，以及2017年考研的同学使用，本试题凯程首发!
文化：American civil war. Fransis Bacon, TPP, the UN
1.why Italy is the birth place of 文艺复兴，文艺复兴时期的艺术和建筑是如何打破中世纪传统的？
2.美国try to renew its leadership in the world, 评述美国在国际社会的地位
文学
Virginia walf, 美国先验义，Henry James, Jazz age, William golding
1.德伯家的苔丝的主题
2.为什么福克纳的作品是转变到现代主义的作品
语言学
第一部分和第二部分记混了，反正也差不多有IC analysis , degradation, conjoining, morpheme, 哎呀，忘了好多。
1,the process of polysemy
2 ,types of homonymy
论述题：动物有语言吗？你认为语言是什么？。
2014年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷_真题-无答案
2014年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分68,考试时间90分钟)1. 词语翻译英译汉1. Overseas remittance2. European Union Emission Trading Scheme3. carbon sink4. TPP Agreement5. COP 196. Malthusian Theory of Population7. sub-Saharan Africa8. Maastricht Treaty9. Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DOC)10. HSBC11. the House of Lords12. purchasing power parity13. China-Britain Business Council(CBBC)14. Wikileaks15. rep by pop汉译英16. 创业板市场17. 中国共产党第十八届三中全会18. 棱镜事件19. 《本草纲目》20. 假冒及盗版产品21. 页岩气22. “土豪”23. 比特币24. “脱光”(11月11日)25. 现房与期房26. 老年痴呆27. 杜莎夫人蜡像馆28. 热岛效应29. 《环球时报》30. 《史记》2. 英汉互译英译汉1. The biographer should sternly confine himself to his functions as introducer; and should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there; when, for example, your hero has put his hand in somebody"s pocket and you have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence of mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact, or a saying into which a man has put his whole soul, is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doomsday about Swift"s character, his single phrase about "dying like a poisoned rat in a hole" tells us more than all **mentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, and nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character; and the writer who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait-painter who allows the chairs and tables, or even the coat and cravat, to distract attention from the face. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life; and such anecdotes must be made to tell properly, instead of being hidden away in a wilderness of **monplace; they should be a focus of interest, instead of a fallible extract for a book of miscellanies. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppress the incident of the penance at Uttoxter! It is such incidents that in books, as often in life, suddenly reveal to us whole regions of sentiment but never rise to the surface in the ordinary routine of our day.2. The term genetically modified organism(GMO)refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics(for example resistance to pests, or herbicides)and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide: 1)those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2)unintended effects inherent to the technology; 3)interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4)those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet. To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animals, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lacking from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin(雪花莲凝集素), stunted the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus(胸腺), **emius muscles(腓肠肌)and others and damaged their intestines and their immune system.汉译英3. 科学是讲求实际的。
2014年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷.doc
2014年四川大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(总分：68.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、词语翻译(总题数：32，分数：60.00)1.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Overseas remittance（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.European Union Emission Trading Scheme（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.carbon sink（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.TPP Agreement（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 6.COP 19（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Malthusian Theory of Population（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.sub-Saharan Africa（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Maastricht Treaty（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 10.Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea(DOC)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 11.HSBC（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 12.the House of Lords（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 13.purchasing power parity（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 14.China-Britain Business Council(CBBC)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 15.Wikileaks（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 16.rep by pop（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 17.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 18.创业板市场（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 19.中国共产党第十八届三中全会（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 20.棱镜事件（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 21.《本草纲目》（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 22.假冒及盗版产品（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________23.页岩气（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 24.“土豪”（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 25.比特币（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 26.“脱光”(11月11日)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 27.现房与期房（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 28.老年痴呆（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 29.杜莎夫人蜡像馆（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 30.热岛效应（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 31.《环球时报》（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 32.《史记》（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________二、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：8.00)33.英译汉__________________________________________________________________________________________ 34.The biographer should sternly confine himself to his functions as introducer; and should give no more discussion than is clearly necessary for making the book an independent whole. A little analysis of motive may be necessary here and there; when, for example, your hero has put his hand in somebody"s pocket and you have to demonstrate that his conduct was due to sheer absence of mind. But you must always remember that a single concrete fact, or a saying into which a man has put his whole soul, is worth pages of psychological analysis. We may argue till Doomsday about Swift"s character, his single phrase about "dying like a poisoned rat in a hole" tells us more than all the commentators. The book should be the man himself speaking or acting, and nothing but the man. It should be such a portrait as reveals the essence of character; and the writer who gives anything that does not tell upon the general effect is like the portrait-painter who allows the chairs and tables, or even the coat and cravat, to distract attention from the face. The really significant anecdote is often all that survives of a life; and such anecdotes must be made to tell properly, instead of being hidden away in a wilderness of the commonplace; they should be a focus of interest, instead of a fallible extract for a book of miscellanies. How much would be lost of Johnson if we suppress the incident of the penance at Uttoxter! It is such incidents that in books, as often in life, suddenly reveal to us whole regions of sentiment but never rise to the surface in the ordinary routine of our day.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 35.The term genetically modified organism(GMO)refers to plants, microbes and animals with genes transferred from other species in order to produce certain novel characteristics(for example resistance to pests, or herbicides)and are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Four main sources of hazards of GMO are discussed by scientists worldwide: 1)those due to the new genes, and gene products introduced; 2)unintended effects inherent to the technology; 3)interactions between foreign genes and host genes; and 4)those arising from the spread of the introduced genes by ordinary cross-pollination as well as by horizontal gene transfer.GM crops contain material, which is not present in them under natural conditions, and they form a part of our daily diet.To understand what effect they can have on us and on our animals, it is very important to study the influence of these GM plants in different organisms for several generations. At present, these studies are lacking from the scientific literature. Also, several detrimental effects of GM crops had been showed on the metabolism of animals. The hazard of GMO was shown for animals and the environment in many investigations. Earlier it was shown that consumption of GM food by animals led to the negative changes in their organisms. Experiments, conducted by A. Pusztai showed that potatoes modified by the insertion of the gene of snowdrop lectin(雪花莲凝集素), stunted the growth of rats, significantly affected some of their vital organs, including the kidneys, thymus(胸腺), gastrocnemius muscles(腓肠肌)and others and damaged their intestines and their immune system.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 36.汉译英__________________________________________________________________________________________ 37.科学是讲求实际的。
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2011 年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：英语翻译基础 科目代码： 357 适用专业：英语笔译(MTD、英语口译(MTI)
（答案必须写在答题纸上， l Directions: Translate thefollowing words, abbreviations or ter. languages respectively. There are altogether 30 items· and 15 in Chinese, with one pintfor each. (3"'
the U.S. Still more animals are used to test the�afety ofcosmetics, household cleansers a
other consumer products. These innocent primates, dogs, cats, rabbits and other an·
used against their will as research subjects in experiments and procedure
considered claim that
sadistically cruel were they not conducted they must be allowed unfettered access to
1..
NBA
UNEP
DNA
principle ofcommon but differentiated responsibilities
1q.
Merg�r & Acquisition
11.
Fannie Mae & Freddie Mac
12.
Strategic & Economic Dialogue
13.
芭 safety because res�lts fr1� r�h typfcally cannot be applied to humans. In fact,
｀ scientists could sav,e mor,�匝严如豹es by using humane non-animal research and testing .. that are more ace虹过e and'efficient
本题共3页，．此页为第1页
owing source texts into their target languages respectively. lfthe source text 比 in English, its target language is Chinese. lfthe source.text is in Chinese, its target language is E17:glish. {]20'.)
Non-Performing Loans
14.
purchasing power parity
15.
African Union
16.
大规模杀伤性武器
17.
多边贸易体系
18.
依法治国叶
19.
可再生能源
20.
西气东输、 西电东送
21.
第十一届全国人民代表
22.
“三农＇＇工作
23.
《京都议定
伞
24.
亚奥
25.
Source Text 1:
Every year, tens of millions of animals are dissected, infected, injected, gassed, burned
and blinded,in hidden laboratories on college campuses and research facilities throughout
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贮 experimen�tion has historical in击句Ii, scie!tific advancement and endangered human
,�xt2: any philosophers, both Western and Eastern, agree that there are two major problems ofinduction. The first is the lack of certai_nty of conclusions drawn b:y means of induction that is inherent in inductive methods. The second is the extent to which we humans ignore the important issue ofwhether we arejustified in believing_ som忒hing that is based only on 血uctiyely derived concl\lsions. This is an important issue both scientifically and socially. Any jury decision, for example, is arrived at by inductive means from evidence presented by prosecutors relying on police who arrested suspects based on their own useof inductive techniques. We sometimes make irrevocable decisions, for example, putting someone to death, based on inductive reasoning (and in at least 70 cases in the past decade, evidence not presented at the trial cleared people so sentenced; in some cases after they had • been executed). Thus, in . using induction as a·method, many philosophers warn us to
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find cures for human diseases,
笠 torturing sentient creatures for
y et they research