2017英语阅读理解全解析：阅读理解文章题材和体裁
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第 1 页 共 1 页 2017英语阅读理解全解析：阅读理解文
章题材和体裁
感受考研阅读
纵观所有的考研成功经验，几乎每个人都会提到“一定要重视真题”，可见真题对于考研备考的重要性。那么应该如何充分利用真题，研究真题才能让真题作用达到最大化呢？下面将从历年英语阅读真题的题材、体裁以及出题来源等角度全面分析英语阅读。
一、考试题型
阅读理解A 部分的文章除2001年为五篇外，从2002年改为四篇，篇幅长度400～500个单词左右，每篇文章四至六段，其中2002年text4是九段，文章中的长难句较多，为了适应考研英语阅读的应试特征，出题人在删节时十分注重文章的宏观结构，宏观阅读时考生应注重把握段落之间的并列转折关系。题干按照大纲要求主要分为六种题型，分别是主旨题，态度题，例证题，词义句意题，推断题，细节题。
二、文章的题材和体裁
纵观历年真题，文章主要选材自一些社会热点问题。主要包括人文类，社会科学类及自然科学类。细分社会科学类又包括经济学，教育学，心理学，传播学类的文章。社会生活类文章在命题中占据了绝大部分，且每年基本都会有一篇经济学类文章，其中2011年考研英语就有三篇经济学文章，2015年则没有出现经济学文章；自然科学和人文科学类文章每年也会必考一篇，人文科学类文章主要是一些人生态度，伦理方面的文章。文章的体裁包括议论文，说明文以及叙述性的文章，其中以议论文占绝大多数，多为分析论证的文章，这种文章一般都有一条主线贯穿全文，且从宏观阅读的角度讲，段落间的逻辑结构明显，便于出题，便于考生把握文章结构。这同攻读硕士学位研究生期间将面对的大量概括性强、抽象思维为主的材料有关。其次说明文今年考察的频率也有所提高。鉴于两种文体的重要性，现对两种文体特点分析如下：
议论文的特点是：(1)写作目的是用论据证明观点或表明态度；(2)文章围绕一个中心展开，且一般文章只有一个中心，论证方式多样，有引证，例证，反面论证，证明论证，各个段落之间关系紧密，无论是哪一种论证方法，都分别是从不同的角度和侧面阐述这一中心；
(3)每一段也是围绕一个中心，段落内部句子之间关系紧密。
说明文的特点是以说明为主，一般难以找到一个贯穿全文的观点。此类文章，细节题较多。
三、出题来源
文章多选自英美报刊杂志，实时性比较强，比如2015年的四篇文章就分别选自2014年出版的The Guardian( 《 英国卫报》 )，2014年的The Washington Post ( 《 华盛顿邮报》)，2014年Scientific American ( 《 科学美国人》)和2014年6月The Guardian( 《 英国卫报》 )，能很好的反映当代英语语言的特点。
社科类文章主要来源于：Newsweek(新闻周刊)，Time(时代周刊)，The Washington Post(华盛顿邮报)，The Times (泰晤士报)，The Guardian(卫报)。
自然科学类文章主要来源于：ScientificAmerican(科学美国人)，Science(科学杂志)，Nature(自然)。
经济类文章主要来源于：Business Week(商业周刊)，TheEconomist(经济学家杂志)和Wall Street Journal(华尔街杂志)。
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最后，从问题设置上可以将问题总结为四种类型： (一)直接题目：这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。 (二)理解性问题：要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。此类猜测词义的题目，要求考生根据上下文确定某一特定的词或短语的准确含义。 (三)推理性题目：这种题目考生往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而需要根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得考虑作者的主旨、倾向等因素加以推理，才能获得正确答案。此类题目主要考查的是句与句之间，段与段之间的逻辑关系。 (四)概括性题目：要求考生在阅读和理解全文的基础上对文章做出归纳、概括或评价。此类考查主旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文)的主题思想，标题或目的。解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只
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