化工专业英语作业翻译

合集下载

化工学科英语作文模板

化工学科英语作文模板英文回答：Chemical Engineering: A Multidisciplinary Field with Wide-Ranging Applications。

Chemical engineering is a branch of engineering that deals with the application of science and mathematics to the design, construction, and operation of chemical plants and processes. The discipline encompasses a wide range of topics, including thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, process control, and chemical reaction engineering.Chemical engineers work in a variety of settings, including chemical plants, pharmaceutical companies, food processing facilities, and environmental protection agencies. They are responsible for designing and operating processes that produce a wide range of products, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, plastics, and fuels. They alsowork to develop and improve processes that are more efficient, less polluting, and safer.Chemical engineering is a rapidly growing field, as the demand for chemicals and other products continues to increase. In addition, the need for sustainable and environmentally friendly processes is driving the development of new technologies and processes in the field.Key Features of Chemical Engineering。

化工专业英语（可编辑）

化工专业英语Volatile:挥发性的 Semipermeable membrane:半透膜 immiscible：不相混的 Debit:把….记入借方 Credit:记入贷方Electrical potential:电势 Leaching:浸提 Extraction：萃取 Direct current:直流 Instantaneous:瞬间的 Successive：连续的 Collision：碰撞 Impeller：叶轮 Wavelet analysis:微元分析 Entrainment：夹带 Breakage：破坏Attrition：磨损 Indispensable：不可缺少的 Trajectory:轨道 Acrylic：丙烯酸 Baffle：挡板 Ruffle：滋扰 Discharge:释放 circulation flow:环流attrition：磨损 nucleation：成核 Catalytic：催化 frequency：频率shutter：快门 inertia：惯性 Pitched：倾斜的 histogram：柱状图breakdown：破坏 Unit 14 Distillation Dumped or ordered packings:乱堆或整齐堆放填料 Plate:板 Tray:塔盘 Hold-down and support plates:固定和支撑板 Fraction:馏分 Cascading:成瀑布落下，分多级进行 Reboiler：再沸器Overhead condenser: 塔顶冷凝器 Reflux:回流 Distillate：馏出物Countercurrent:逆流 Relative volatility：相对挥发度 Rectifying section:精馏段 Stripping section:提留段 Sidestream：侧线馏分 Circumvent:回避Hypothetical:假设的 Equilibrium-stage：平衡级（理论板） Tray efficiency:塔板效率 The number of hypothetical equilibrium stages required is then converted to a number actual trays by means of tray efficiencies, which describe the extent to which the performance of actual contact tray duplicates the performance of an equilibrium stage 然后理论塔板数通过塔板效率被转换成实际塔板数；塔板效率是实际塔板表现和理论塔板表现的比值。

化工专业英语翻译华东理工大学胡鸣版

Unit 1 Chemi‎c al Indus‎t ry化学工业1.Origi‎n s of the Chemi‎c al Indus‎t ryAltho‎u gh the use of chemi‎c als dates‎back to the ancie‎n t civil‎i zati‎o ns, the evolu‎t ion of what we know as the moder‎n chemi‎c al indus‎t ry start‎e d much more recen‎t ly. It may be consi‎d ered‎to have begun‎durin‎g the Indus‎t rial‎Revol‎u tion‎, about‎1800, and devel‎o ped to provi‎d e chemi‎c als roe use by other‎indus‎t ries‎. Examp‎l es are alkal‎i for soapm‎a king‎, bleac‎h ing powde‎r for cotto‎n, and silic‎a and sodiu‎m carbo‎n ate for glass‎m akin‎g. It will be noted‎that these‎are all inorg‎a nic chemi‎c als. The organ‎i c chemi‎c als indus‎t ry start‎e d in the 1860s‎with the explo‎i tati‎o n of Willi‎a m Henry‎Perki‎n‘s‎disco‎v ery if the first‎synth‎e tic dyest‎u ff—mauve‎. At the start‎of the twent‎i eth centu‎r y the empha‎s is on resea‎r ch on the appli‎e d aspec‎t s of chemi‎s try in Germa‎n y had paid off hands‎o mely‎, and by 1914 had resul‎t ed in the Germa‎n chemi‎c al indus‎t ry havin‎g 75% of the world‎marke‎t in chemi‎c als. This was based‎on the disco‎v ery of new dyest‎u ffs plus the devel‎o pmen‎t of both the conta‎c t proce‎s s for sulph‎u ric acid and the Haber‎proce‎s s for ammon‎i a. The later‎requi‎r ed a major‎techn‎o logi‎c al break‎t hrou‎g h that of being‎able to carry‎out chemi‎c al react‎i ons under‎condi‎t ions‎of very high press‎u re for the first‎time. The exper‎i ence‎gaine‎d with this was to stand‎Germa‎n y in good stead‎, parti‎c ular‎l y with the rapid‎l y incre‎a sed deman‎d for nitro‎g en-based‎compo‎u nds (ammon‎i um sal ts‎for ferti‎l izer‎s and nitri‎c acid for explo‎si ves‎manuf‎a ctur‎e) with the outbr‎e ak of world‎warⅠin 1914. This initi‎a ted profo‎u nd chang‎e s which‎conti‎n ued durin‎g the inter‎-war years‎ (1918-1939). 1．化学工业的‎起源尽管化学品‎的使用可以‎追溯到古代‎文明时代，我们所谓的‎现代化学工‎业的发展却‎是非常近代‎（才开始的）。

化工专业英语翻译

Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers化学工程师的例行工作The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making, commercial-scale chemical processes. The chemist works in test tubes and Parr bombs with very small quantities of reactants and products (e.g., 100 ml), usually running “batch”, constant-temperature experiments. Reactants are placed in a small container in a constant temperature bath. A catalyst is added and the reactions proceed with time. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to follow the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time progresses.化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业规模的化学过程。

化学家用少量的反应物在试管和派式氧弹中反应相应得到少量的生成物，所进行的通常是间歇性的恒温下的实验，反应物放在很小的置于恒温水槽的容器中，加点催化剂，反应继续进行，随时间推移，反应物被消耗，并有生成物产生，产物在合适的间歇时间获得。

化工专业英语第五篇翻译

Distillation 蒸馏The separating operation called distillation utilizes1 vapor and liquid phases at essentially the same temperature and pressure for the coexisting zones. Various kinds of device such as dumped2(倾倒;堆放) or ordered3 packings4 and plates5 or trays5 are used to bring the two phases into intimate （亲密的；隐私的）contact. Trays are stacked（叠，层叠）one above the other and enclosed（装入）in a cylindrical shell to form a column6. Packings are also generally contained（包含；容纳）in a cylindrical shell between hold-down7 and support plates.称为蒸馏的分离操作是利用蒸汽相和液体相在基本相同的温度和压力下相互接触进行的。

各种设备，诸如散装的或者整砌的填料以及塔板或者塔盘用于使两相充分接触。

一块塔盘置于另一块之上并装入一个圆筒中形成一座塔。

填料一般也是装入圆筒中的支承板与压板之间。

1. Continuous Distillation (Fig.7) 连续蒸馏The feed material, which is to be separated into fractions1, is introduced at one or more points along the column shell. Because of the difference on gravity between vapor and liquid phases, liquid runs down the column, cascading2(成瀑布状落下；溢流) from tray to tray, while vapor flows up the column, contacting liquid at each tray.需要分离为几个馏分的物料从塔壳上的一个位置，或者几个沿塔高分布的位置进入塔中。

化学化工专业英语翻译1

1.Practically all substance expand when heated and contract when cooled. 实际上一切物质都是热胀冷缩的。 (省译“when, and, when”) anic compounds are usually volatile and possess low melting points. 有机化合物通常容易挥发且熔点较低。 (省译动词“possess”) 3.Being stable in air at ordinary temperature ,mercury combines with oxygen if heated.水银常温下在空气中是稳定的，但如果加热时，它会与氧化合。 1.Tertiary alcohols are very resistant to oxidation. 叔醇难于氧化 2.For the series of normal alkanes, those having one to four carbon atoms are gases. 对直链烃系而言，含有一至四个碳原子的是气体。 1.If the unsaturation is due to the presence of a triple bond then the compounds are called alkynes. 如果不饱和现象是由于叁键的存在，则该类化合物称为炔烃。 2. . A body with a negative charge possesses more elections than protons. 带负电的物体所含的电子比质子多。 (不译作“一个负电，一个物体”) 1. The zinc plate becomes more and more negatively charged with electrons ,as more atoms of zinc dissolve. 随着越来越多的锌原子溶解，锌极板上充满了电子，使它变得越来越负。 2. Gases differ from solids in that the former have greater compressibility than the latter. 气体和固体的区别在于前者比后者有更大的压缩性。 (v.n.) 3. One of the outstanding properties of carbon atom is its ability to share its electrons with other carbon atoms. 碳原子的突出性质之一是它能与其它碳原子共用其电子。 (n.v.) 4. The chlorine from salt is used for bleaching paper and textiles. 用食盐制取的氯被用来漂白纸张和纺织品。 (prep.v.) 5. In their work they pay much attention to the combination of theory with practice. 他们在工作中非常注重理论联系实际。 (n.v.) 1.In an absorption system, the refrigerant is usually ammonia. 吸收系统中，通常用氨做冷却剂。 (表语宾语) anic compounds will not usually conduct an electric current when in solution. 有机化合物的溶液通常不导电。 (状语主语) 3.The two electrons involved in a covalent bond have their spins oppositely directed. 此共价键中的两个电子的自旋方向相反。 (宾语主语) 4.None of these metals have conductivity higher than copper. 这些金属的导电率都不会超过铜。 (宾语主语) 5.The different hydrocarbons in crude oil boil at different temperatures. 原油中各种烃的沸点不同。 (谓语主语) 1. Wetting agents are required to prepare proper dispersion of fine particle powders in liquids/pastes such as color makeup. 要制备将细小粉粒适当分散在液体或膏体中的产品，如着色化妆品，需要润湿剂。 2. Alkanes undergo reactions such as cracking, alkylation, oxidation, halogenation, nitration and so on. 烷烃能进行诸如裂化、烷基化、氧化、卤化、硝化等反应。 (同位语的变序) 1 Large-scale evaporation process is being developed and used for recovering potable water from seawater. Here the condensed water is the desired product. Only a fraction of the total water in the feed is recovered , and the remainder is discarded.

化工专业英语第三篇翻译

Heat Transfer 传热Heat, as a form of energy, cannot be created or destroyed. Heat can be transferred from one substance to another.热是能量的一种形式,不能创造也不能消灭。

热可以从一个物体传递到另一个物体。

Heat always tends to pass from warmer objects to cooler ones. When a warm substance comes in contact with a cold substance, the molecules of the warm substance collide （碰撞） whth the molecules of the cold substance, giving some of its energy to the cold molecules. This is only one way to transfer heat.热总是倾向于从较热的物体向较冷的物体传递。

当一个暖的物体与一个冷的物体接触时，暖物体的分子与冷物体的分子碰撞，把他们的部分能量传给冷物体的分子。

这仅仅是传递热的一种方式。

In a chemical plant, for example, in a refinery （炼油厂）, transfer of heat is very important , the successful operation of most processes is dependent on correct application of the principles (原理) of heat transfer. Where we are handling （处理；加工；操纵） a hot material, we may insulate（隔离，绝缘） the system to hold the heat in; where the material is cold, we insulate to keep the heat out. Efficient equipment, designed to take full advantage of (充分利用) processing heat, is in use on almost all chemical plants.在化工厂，例如一个精炼厂，传热是非常重要的，大多数过程的成功运行取决于传热原理的正确运用。

化工专业英语翻译练习

a pilot plant is a collection of equipment dsigned and constructed to investigate some critical aspect of a process operation or perform basic reserch.it is a tool rather than an end in itself.a pilot plant can range in size from a labratory bench-top unit to a facility only marginally smaller than a commercial unit.the purposed process;providing design data;determining the econmic feasibility of a new process;determinging optimum materials of construction;testing operability of a control scheme;determinging the extent of plant maintenance;producing sufficient quantitics of product for market evaluation;obtaining kinetic data;screening catalysts;proving ateas of advanced technology;providing data for solutions to scale-up problems;providing technical suppot to an ecisting process or product assessing process hazards;determining operating costs;optimizing an existing process;and perdorming basic prcess research.ethylene continues to far suroass all other hydrocarbons both in volume and in diversity of commercial ues.in the whole field of petrochemcials,it is exceeded in tonnage only by synthetic ammonia.the major consmers of tehlyene are low density polythylene,ethylene oxide,high densitypolyethylene,ethylene dichloride,ethylbenzene,ethylene oligomers,ethanol,acetaldehyde,vinyl acetate,ethylene-prolylene eladtomers,propioaldehyde,ethylene dibromide and other.organic compouds present a complexity of structures and properties as varied as life itself.perhaps 10 million organic compounds are now known,each with its unique molecular structure,name,and chemical and physical properties.to bring a sense of order to this enormous number and almost oncomprehensible variety of carbon compounds,chemists have organized them into families of compunds of similar molecular structures and similar propperties.one of the largest of these is the family of hydrocarbons,composed exclusively of compounds containing just two elements,hydrogen and carbon.the very simplest of the hydrocarbons,with just one carbon atom per molecule and with the lowest molecular weight of all organic compounds,is methane,CH4.。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

专业英语课后作业翻译Lesson 4 Introdution Organic Chemistry(p59)有机化学简介Because of the tremendous number of organic compounds known, and of the many more being synthesized daily, the study of organic chemistry is not the study of individual compounds , it is the study of groups or families of compounds all closely related to each other. Obviously, the former approach would be prohibitive. Once the structural relationships of certain typical member of a particular group or family are understood, these structural features are understood for any one of the many members of the family even though some may not be known compounds, For each group of family of compounds often called homologous sreies of compounds, structureal features are improtant. In studying organic chemistry, it is not enough to know the identities of the elements and how many atoms of each element are present in a given molecule. More improtantly, the order in which these atoms are linked together to form the molecule must aslo be known, Once the identities of the element and the number of atoms prsent in each of these element have been established, structural studies are quite improtant. They require considerable effort and ingenuity on the part of the organic chemist.因为已知的有机化合物的数目庞大，而且还在逐日合成更多的品种，所以有机化学不是研究单个的化合物，而是把彼此密切相关的化合物按类或族来研究。

显然，以前的方法是不可取的，一旦典型的一类特殊化合物被认识，这些结构特征将适用于这类化合物，甚至是一些未知的化合物，对于一类化合物经常称其为同系物。

结构特征是非常重要的，只知道分子含有的元素和元素的原子个数是不够的，更重要的是知道原子组成分子的连接顺序，当元素及原子个数被确认之后，结构的研究也是很重要的，这些都需要有化学家的努力和聪明才智。

In summary, the following four steps are required in order to completely indentify any organic compound isolated for the first time from a natural source or produced for the first time in the laboratory:总而言之，为了能完全区别那些第一次从自然资源中分离或是从实验室中生产出来的有机化合物，以下四个步骤是必须的：( 1 ) Isolation of the compound from the mixture of organic or inorganic compounds among which it may be found , followed by application of appropriate criteria of purity.( 1 )从被发现的有机或无机化合物中分离出来的物质，运用适当的标准检验其纯度。

( 2 ) Establishment of its empirical and molecular formulas by use of appropriate methods of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, and molecular weight determination.( 2 )使用适当的定性、定量分析法和测定分子量来确立实验式。

( 3 ) Proposal of a structural formula as the result of appropriate chemical and physical examination of the compound.( 3 )通过对化合物进行适当的物理和化学测定，从而提出分子的结构式。

( 4 ) Synthesis of the compound by an unambiguous method as confirmation of the proposed structural formula.( 4 )用清晰的方法合成化合物来验证所提出的结构式Lesson 11 macromolecules(P91)大分子Historical Background历史背景：It would not be appropriate to complete a study of the subject of organic chemistry without including an introduction to the chemistry of macromolecules, and their preparation and properties . Macromolecules ,as the name implies, are molecules much larger than the simple ,small molecules that the subject of organic chemistry has dealt with thus far. The term high polymer is also used to identify these large molecules .High polymers are materials possessing an average molecular weight above 10000.在不包括大分子化学及其制备和性质的情况下，去完成有机化学这一学科的学习是不恰当的。

大分子，顾名思义，它的分子比目前为止已在有机化学中所涉及的那些简单小分子要大得多。

另一术语高聚物也用于表示大分子。

高聚物就是这样一些平均分子量大10000的材料。

Organic chemists are inclined to refer to certain structures as “dimers”“trimers ”“tetramers”,etc. The rapid development of the plastics, rubber,and synthetic fiber industries during the past several decades has created such a demen for chemists to work in these areas that, at the present , approximately half of the chemists in the United States ultimately do research or development work in the polymer field 有机化学家倾向于把特定结构的物质称为二聚物三聚物四聚物等等，在过去几十年里塑料橡胶以及合成纤维的快速度发展创造需求，使化学家投入到这片领域。

目前，大约有一半的美国的科学家在这里研究和工作。

Lesson26 Development of the Detergent Industry(1)P150洗涤剂工业的发展Although the start of the synthetic detergent industry is not shrouded in the veils of history as were the beginnings of the soap industry, it is nevertheless not easy to pinpoint exactly when the detergent industry ,as such ,came into being. The primary problem is to decide exactly what is being referred to as a synthetic detergent .The term itself leads to confusion .In the USA the words surfactant or syndet are being used ,whilst in Europe the term “tenside”(for tension-active mateial) is coming into fashion.合成洗涤剂工业何时问世？在历史上虽不像肥皂工业那样模糊不清，但要截然划清洗涤剂工业的始创年代确实不易。

最基本的问题是要精确定义什么物质能够被称为合成洗涤剂。

这个术语本身导致了混淆。

在美国，表面活性剂或合成洗涤剂正在被人们使用中，而在欧洲“表面活性剂”（即表面张力活性材料）也变得流行起来。

Lesson27 Development of the Detergent Industry(2)P156洗涤剂工业的发展Methods of test were developed and it was in fact, proved that linear alkyl benzene is biodegradable. Germany introduced legislation prohibiting the discharge of non-biologically degradable material into sewer systems. In the USA detergent manufacturers agreed voluntarily to switch over from PT benzene to linear alkyl benzene by June 1965. In the United Kingdom a similar t ype of “gentleman’s agreement ” was entered into.测试方法的开发实际上证明了线性烷基苯是可生物降解的。