最全水利水电工程专业英语词汇
水利水电工程英文词汇
水利水电工程英文词汇Water conservancy and hydropower engineering is an important infrastructure in our daily life, which includes a variety of projects such as dams, reservoirs, hydroelectric power stations, water supply systems, and irrigation systems. The following is a comprehensive list of water conservancy and hydropower engineering English vocabulary related to construction, operation, maintenance and management.1. Dam: a barrier that holds back water and raises its level, typically used to create a reservoir2. Reservoir: a large natural or artificial lake used as a source of water supply.3. Hydroelectric power station: a power station that generates electricity by using the kinetic energy of flowing water to turn turbines4. Water supply system: a system that distributes water to households and businesses5. Irrigation system: a system that supplies water to crops6. Hydraulic engineering: the study of the flow and control of water7. River training: the process of maintaining or modifying the course, width, depth, or bed of a river channel8. Erosion control: methods used to prevent the loss of soil caused by water, wind, or other factors, typically by planting vegetation or constructing structures9. Flood control: measures taken to prevent or mitigate the damage caused by floods10. Dredging: the process of removing sediment or debris from the bottom of a body of water using a special excavating machine11. Water quality: the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of water, which can affect human health and aquatic life12. Water resources: natural sources of water used for drinking, irrigation, power generation, and other uses13. Aquifer: a layer of permeable rock or sediment that stores and transmits groundwater14. Groundwater: water that is stored underground in soil or rock layers and that can be extracted for human use15. Water treatment: the process of purifying water to remove contaminants, such as bacteria, viruses, and chemicals16. Desalination: the process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater or brackish water to make it usable for human consumption17. Hydraulics: the branch of science and engineering concerned with the mechanical properties of fluids, especially water18. Water use efficiency: the ability to use water efficiently and sustainably, minimizing waste and optimizing productivity19. Water conservation: the act of using water wisely and reducing unnecessary water use20. Water reuse: the process of treating and using wastewater for other purposes, such as irrigation, industrial processes, or toilet flushing21. Hydrology: the study of the movement, distribution, and quality of water on Earth22. Seepage: the movement of water through soil or porous rock23. Water balance: the relationship between the amount of water added to a system and the amount of water lost, usually expressed as an equation24. Streamflow: the flow of water in a river or stream25. Turbine: a machine that converts the kinetic energy of water, steam, or wind into mechanical energyIn conclusion, the water conservancy and hydropower engineering is a complex and important field that provides essential services to individuals and communities around the world. This list provides basic vocabulary useful for anyone interested in the industry.。
水利水电工程英文专业词汇
水工建筑物专业词汇岸墙land wall坝顶dam crest，dam top坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe板桩sheet pile边墩side pier，land pier变形模量deformation modulus鼻坎bucket lip毕肖普法Bishop method冰压力ice pressure剥离desquamation侧槽式溢洪道side channel Spillway沉降settlement齿墙cut-off trench冲沙闸（排沙闸）silt-releasing Sluice纯拱法independent arch method刺墙key-wall大头坝massive-head buttress dam*buttress 是扶壁的意思单宽流量discharge per unit width单曲拱坝single-curvature arch dam挡潮闸tidal sluice导流隧洞river diversion tunnel倒悬度Overhang degree底流消能energy dissipation by underflow地震作用earthquake action垫座cushion abutment动水压力hydrodynamic pressure断层fault堆石坝rock-fill dam多拱梁法multi-arch beam method阀门valve gate防浪墙wave wall防渗铺盖impervious blanket非常溢洪道emergency spillway分洪闸flood diversion sluice副坝auxiliary dam刚体极限平衡法limit equilibrium method for rigid block 拱坝arch dam拱冠梁crown cantilever拱冠粱法crown cantilever method工作桥service bridge固结灌浆consolidation grouting灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel灌浆帷幕grout curtain管涌piping海漫apron extension横缝transverse joint虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway蝴蝶阀butterfly valve护坡slope protection护坦apron弧形闸门radial gate滑雪道式溢洪道ski-jump spillway化学管涌chemical piping混凝土防渗墙concrete cut-off wall混凝土面板堆石坝concrete faced rock-fill dam 基本断面primary section简化毕肖普法simplified Bishop method浆砌石拱坝stone masonry arch dam浆砌石重力坝stone masonry gravity dam交通桥traffic bridge接触冲刷contact scouring接触灌浆contact grouting接缝灌浆joint grouting截水槽cut-off trench节制闸check sluice进水口water inlet进水闸inlet sluice井式溢洪道shaft spillway静水压力hydrostatic pressure均质坝homogeneous earth dam抗滑稳定分析analysis of stability against sliding 抗滑稳定性stability against sliding空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam空化cavitation空蚀cavitation erosion空注阀hollow jet valve宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam宽尾墩flaring pier廊道gallery浪压力wave force理论计算theoretical computation拦河闸river sluice沥青混凝土asphalt concrete连拱坝multiple-arch dam流土soil flow流网法flow net method锚杆anchor rod面板face slab面流消能energy dissipation by surface flow模型试验model experiment泥沙压力silt pressure碾压混凝土坝Roller Compacted Concrete Dam 牛腿Corbel排沙隧洞silt-releasing tunnel排水drainage排水闸outlet sluice喷混凝土sprayed concrete平板坝flat slab buttress dam平面闸门plane gate破碎带crushed zone铺盖blanket砌石护坡stone pitching人工材料面板坝artificial material faced dam 人工材料心墙坝artificial material-core dam溶洞solution cavern软基重力坝gravity dam on soft foundation软弱夹层soft intercalated layer实用断面practical section试载法trial-load method双曲拱坝double-curvature arch dam水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel，waterway tunnel 水力发电隧洞hydropower tunnel水利枢纽hydro-complex水力学方法hydraulics method水平施工缝horizontal joint水闸sluice弹性模量elastic modulus挑流消能energy dissipation by trajectory jet土工膜geomembrane土石坝earth-rock dam土质斜墙坝earth dam with inclined soil wall 土质斜心墙坝earth dam with inclined soil core 土质心墙坝earth dam with soil core帷幕灌浆curtain grouting温度荷载temperature load温度控制temperature control温度应力temperature stress温度作用temperature action无压隧洞free level tunnel消力池stilling pool消力戽roller bucket消能工energy dissipater泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel泄水建筑物discharge structure泄水孔outlet hole新奥法NATM（New Austrian Tunneling Method）胸墙breast wall扬压力uplift溢洪道spillway水垫塘plunge pool溢流坝overflow dam、翼墙wing wall应力分析stress analysis优化设计optimization design有限单元法finite element method有压隧洞pressure tunnel闸墩pier闸门gate闸门槽gate slot正槽式溢洪道normal channel spillway整体式重力坝monolithic gravity dam趾板toe slab支墩坝buttress dam重力坝gravity dam重力墩gravity abutment 周边缝peripheral joint 驻波standing wave锥形阀cone valve自由跌流free drop自重dead weight纵缝longitudinal joint键槽key strench伸缩缝contraction joint 施工缝construction joint 反弧段flip bucket拦污栅trash rack渐变段transition泄槽chute发电进水口power intake 通气管air vent检修门bulkhead gate事故门emergency gate 工作门service gate堰weir通气管air vent胸墙breast wall梁beam柱column回填混凝土backfill concrete 接地earth一期混凝土primary concrete 二期混凝土secondary concrete 叠梁门stoplog门机gantry crane止水waterstop钢筋reinforcement模板formwork围堰cofferdam马道bench；berm蜗壳volute水轮机turbine电站power house车间workshop发电机generator变电站transformer station副厂房auxiliary power house安装间erection bay尾水闸门tail lock尾水渠tailrace引水渠approach channel前池fore bay导墙lead wall隔墙partition wall接触灌浆contact grouting回填混凝土backfill concrete帷幕灌浆curtain grouting挡墙retaining wall港口harbour港口建筑物port structure船闸navigation lock船闸充水lock filling船闸充水和泄水系统locking filling and emptying system 船闸前池upper pool船闸上下游水位差lock lift船闸闸首lock head升船机ship elevator；ship lift鱼道fish canal旁通管by-pass 齿槽cut-off wall。
水利水电工程专业英语英文词汇
strain meter 应变计set out 放线、放样stake-line temperature sensor 温度传感器测桩线state plane coordinate system 国家平面坐标集线站terminal station其他（Others）系survey point 测点check hole 检查孔theoretical point 灌区理论点compartmenttraverse(polygon) 导线（测dense mix 浓浆量）、横断error of traverse 导线闭合差foundation uplift 基础隆起lattice traverse 网格状导线灌浆孔grout holelong side traverse instrument hole 仪器孔长导线open traverse 非闭合primary/secondary and tertiary grout holes 一导线short side traverse 短导线序、二序、三序灌浆孔traverse closure 导线闭合加密灌浆孔距spilt spacingtraverse station 导线点waste mix 弃浆traverse survey 导线测量Survey◆测量（）triangulation 测量方法及术语（Methods and Terms）三角测量triangulation network 三角网调整校正adjust 、triangulation of high order 高等级三角网adjustment 平差triangulation point 容许误差allowance 三角点三边测量backsight point 后视点trilateration程控制网basic point 基础点vertical-control net 高bench mark 水准点木桩wood pile Angular Measure）角度测量（compass 罗盘azimuth 方位角chainage(station number) 桩号象限角bearing 方位三角锁chain of triangulation 、器、水准buddle 、check 校核对照气泡圆盘circle 度盘、控制control point 点器圆水坐标点coordinate point 准circular bubbledatum 基础面轴视准collimation axis点基datum point 准十字丝cross-line(cross-hair)偏差depression angle 俯角deviationeasily identifiable point elevation angle 仰角点容易识别eyepiece(ocular) error 误差目镜量field pole(staff) 标杆一等三角测first order triangulationgeodetic foot-screw 学的大地测量脚螺栓量geodetic surveying 大地测水平角horizontal angle量合联测）mark 标志（明joint survey已知点known point 物镜objective lens面水level surface 准垂线铅垂、plumb(plummet)局local triangulation networks 准、观测sight 瞄部三角网准瞄target 国national coordination system 家坐标网目标、监视观测observe 、纬仪theodolite 经point to be located 待定点横轴tranverse axistripod 三脚架置位、定位position踏勘、选点reconnaissance 竖直角vertical angle参考点reference point vertical axis 竖轴量二等三角测second order triangulation Telescope望远镜（）1centering 对中reduced level 归化高差run back 返测盘左face leftrun out 往测face right 盘右three-wire leveling 三丝法水准focus 集中、焦点测量地形测量（Topographic Survey focusing 调焦）boundary 边界、界线index error 指标误差inverted position of telescope(reverse construction stake 施工标桩contour 等高线盘右telescope)倒镜、normal position of telescope(direct telescope)contour interval 等高距contouring 绘等高线、正镜盘右contour-length method 光学垂准器等高线延长法optical plummetcontour line 等高线round 测回control network 控制网set 套、组detail 细部、详图station 测站draw 绘图距离测量（Distance Measure）field 外业气barometer 压计fix 固定、确定base line(basic line/datum line) 基线form line 地形图电battery 池EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement) grid 格网information 注记、资料、情报电磁波测距marginal information 轮廓注记滤波器滤光片filter 、large-scale 大比例尺的laser alignment system 激光准直系统latitude 纬度、范围laser beam 激光束latitude circle 纬圈prism 棱镜latitude line range 纬线距离测程、legend 图例long range 远程location 定线、程medium range 中定位longitude 经short range 短程度longitude line 测距仪经线range findermap signal 地图、制图信号mapping 制图、测spring balance 弹簧称图、地质素描match line 拼接线卷尺tapemonument 标石invar tape 铟瓦钢卷尺、石柱object 高程测量（Height Measurement地物、目标）plan 程、高海拔平面图、略图altitude/elevationplot 近似approximate leveling 置绘图粗平平、profile 断面（图）、纵剖图准自动定平水automatic level 仪difference in altitude(difference of record 记录、资料setup 定置elevation ,height difference) 高差仪器site location error of closure in leveling 差合闭准定位水stake out 放样、定线平置、精平exact leveling 确、立桩symbol 仪（测点）准水level 符号、记号topographic detail 水level circuit 地形细部环合准闭topographic map 地形图尺垫准水level shoe◆原形观测观测仪器和设施线路准水line of level {Instrumentationand Facilities）国national geodetic vertical datum 家大地高air-entraining meter 面准基程掺气剂2Carlson-type piezometer 卡尔逊式渗压计component 零部件coordinator 坐标仪concrete strain meter 砼应变计damping box 阻尼角convergent point 收敛测点differential resistance direct plumb line 正垂线差动电阻double layer rubber sleeve earth pressure cell 土压力盒双层保护forced centering plate 强制embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计对中盘instrument lead 仪器电堤应变计缆embankment strain meterinvar wire 铟瓦丝extended wire 引张线metal ring 计金属环foundation piezometer 基础渗压plumb coordinate meter horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪垂线坐标仪pulley 滑轮hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器regulator 调节器水听器hydrophoneriser 立管inclinometer casing 测斜管sensor interface joint meter 界面变位传感器计spool inverted plumb line 倒垂线绕轴steel socket 钢micro piezometer 微压计底座tablet 多点位移计药片multiple position extensometertensioning weight 张拉重锤observation point 观测标点thermistor 热敏电observation well 观测井阻tip 测头视optical alignment line 准线安装过程（Procession of Installation）plate strain meter 钢板计assemble 组装pneumatic piezometer 气压式渗压计couple 连接脉动压力pressure fluctuation meter 计prestressed tendon anchorage 埋设embed安装install 索dynamometer 预应力锚测力计绝缘insulate rock bolt extensometer 锚杆测力计维护计single point extensometer 单点位移maintenancespiral sensor 测扭仪监测monitor测压standpipe 管仪器保护protection of instrumentation归纳reduce 强震仪strong-motion seismograghsurface monument 表密封seal 面标点拼接temperature sensor 温度传感器splice提供终端房terminal house supplyterminal station 终端站测试testInformation资料（倾角tilt meter 计）简图计时均压力time average pressure cell assemble schematic 装配合格证书总压力盒total pressure cell certificate书说计velometer 流速使用明descriptionvertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪维护指南maintenace guideline书震旋式渗压vibrating wire piezometer 计manual 说明振旋式沉降vibrating wire settlement sensor 理工作原operating principle作仪范围operating restraint 操序procedure 水堰量的带微压weir with micro piezometer 计程程基点工作working base point 序分trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌析zerostress-strain meter 其他（Others）计砼无应力间）Acessories and Spare Parts附件及配件（行annular space 环空coil data acquisition 盘绕数据采集 3cement mark(strength of cement /cement 数据记录data recordinggrade) 水泥标号leas drilling hole 引线孔consumptive use of water normal consistance 永久记录permanent record标准稠度用水readout device 读数设备量degree of mobilization 流动性saturated 饱和的dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热seepage isolation dike 截渗堤final set trapezoidal 梯形终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度◆水工常规试验flyash 粉煤灰砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processedhydration heat 水化热Material of Concrete）initial set Aggregate）初凝骨料（abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler loss on ignition(ignition loss) 烧矢量setting time 凝结时量间洛杉机磨耗silica fume 计accumulated retained percentage 累筛余百硅粉soundness 水泥的安定性分率specific surface area 比表acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 针状与面积specific heat 量片状颗粒含比热water demand ratio 吸水alkali-aggregate reaction 碱骨料反应量比外加剂（Admixture）视密度apparent densitybubble stability 泡沫稳定性bulk density (unity weight) 容重clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate bubbling ability 起泡能力chloride content 氯化物含量块及易碎颗粒含土量黏compressive strength rate 抗压强度比软化系数coefficient of softeningcontract with dry rate crush index 压碎指标干缩率dispersing coefficient 干燥状态dry state 分散系数dispersing ability of waterexceeding and inferior grain in-reducing agent 减水剂aggregate 超逊径颗粒含量分散能力loss of slump 塌落度损失细度模数fineness modulussulphate content 硫酸盐含空隙率量gaping place ratesolid content 分计grader retained percentage 筛余百固体含分率量surface tension 颗粒级grain composition 配表面张力water-reducing rate 减水率粒径grain size水（Water）量lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含alkalinity 碱度量云母含mica contentcalcion 含水率钙离子moisture content(water rate)carbonic acid mud content 钙酸含泥量chlorion 有机质含organic content 量氯离子equivalent concentration 骨料潜在活性potential reactivity of aggregate 当量浓度oxygen consumption saturation 饱和的耗氧量normal solution (standard 曲线筛sieving curve 分solution) 量soft grain in aggregate 软弱骨料含标准溶液PH value PH坚固性值soundnesswater analysis 水值面含水率表surface moisture content 分析砼（水溶性硫化物water-soluble sulphide Concrete）砼拌和物（水硬性胶凝材料Mixture(Hydraulicity cementitious ）material) assurance strength of concrete 砼保证强度bleeding rate age 泌水率龄期4cement-sand ration 灰砂比砂浆（Cement）cement lime mortar 标号水泥石灰砂浆design strength of concrete 砼设计cement mortar 水泥砂浆flowability of concrete 砼的流动性cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合砂浆epoxy mortar 环氧砂浆比lime mortar 石灰砂浆mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性plastering mortar 抹面砂浆penetration-obstruction method 贯入阻力法pointing joint mortar probability of ensuring strength of concrete 砼勾缝砂浆土（Soil强度保证率）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 累砂率sand rate 计曲线单位用水量unit consumption of wateractivity index 活性指标water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性angle of frictionwater-cement ratio 摩擦角水灰比Atterberg limits(water content as limit) Hardened concrete 阿）硬化砼（太堡界限（界限含水量axial tensile strength 轴向抗拉强度）California bearing ratio 导热系数载重比coefficient of thermal conductivitycoarse-grained soil cooling rate 冷却率粗粒土coefficient of compressibility 压缩系数砼芯样core of concretecoefficient of cubical徐变变creep deformation (time deformation )compressibility 体积压缩系数形coefficient of curvature 曲率系数form coefficient(form factor) 形状系数compression 压缩freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环compression index frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号压缩指数compression modulus 压缩模数砼热学性能heat property of concreteconsolidated-undrained (quick) shear test height-diameter ration 高径比固结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数consolidated-drained (slow) shear test loss of weight 重量损失固结不排水剪（慢剪）试验自振频率natural frequencyconsolidation 固结permeate 渗透consolidation coefficient 透permeated height 渗高度固结系数consolidation settlement 固结沉降permeated-resisting mark 抗渗标号consolidation stress 系固结应力透relative coefficient of permeability 相对渗continuous grading/gradation 连接级配数contraction test(shrinkage test) 收缩试验振频率共resonance frequencycore cutter method sample 试环刀法件creep curve self-grown volume deformation（砼）蠕变曲线自生体积critical slope 变形逸出坡降（临界坡降）Darcy's law 达西定律劈裂抗拉强度splitting tensile strengthdegree of consolidation 固结度static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力degree of free swelling 自由膨胀率抗压弹数direct shear test 导温系数直接剪切试验temperature conductivitydirect shear test of reiteration 反复直剪强度试抗拉弹性模tensile modulus of elasticity 量验绝热温升thermal insulation warmingdistribution curve 分极限拉应变ultimate tensile strain 布曲线drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow) 极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength 流土effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角磨损率wear rateeffective strength envelope 有效强度抗冲磨强度wear-resisting strength 包线5expansion force 膨胀力剪（快剪）试验variable head method 变水头法expansion ration(specific expansion) 膨胀率void(pore) ratio 孔隙比渗流filtering flow(seepage flow)water replacement method 灌水法fine-grained soil 细粒土wet density 湿密度flow net(drift net) 流网其它建筑材料hydraulic slope 水力坡降钢筋（steel hydrometer method 比重计法）bending and unbending 反常水头法复弯曲hydrostatic head methodcold bending test 冷弯试验limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态elongation test 拉伸试验liquefaction 液化nominal diameter 公称直径liquid limit 液限ratio of elongation liquidity index 液化指标伸长率relaxation test maximum dry density 最大干密度松弛试验steel strand 钢绞线method of sieving 筛分法tensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度Mohr's stress circle 莫力应力圆ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度库伦破坏Mohr-coulomb failure criteria 莫尔-Wood）准则木材（curshing strength paralled to the normal stress 法向应力（正应力）oedometer curve 顺纹抗压强度grain 压缩曲线tensile strength paralled to the 量optimum moisture content 最优含水顺纹抗拉强度涌piping 管graincrushing strength across th e plastic limit 塑限横纹抗压强度grain plasticity index 塑性指标tensile strength across to the 空隙水压力pore water pressure空隙率porosity 横纹抗拉强度grainprincipal stress 主）沥青（应力Asphalt脆化点试验Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验brittle temperature test相对密度relative density 延伸度试验expansion testsand replacement method 灌砂法针入式试验penetration testsaturability (saturation degree/percent 软化点试验softening point testtest of aging saturation) 饱和度老化试验viscosity test 饱和容重saturated unit weight 粘滞性试验Quality Management透seepage deformation 渗变形）质量管理（average 力渗seepage force(seepage pressure) 透平均值deviation standard(error of mean 透渗seepage line 线均方差squares) 速度渗seepage speed 透deviationcoefficient(dispersion shear stress 切向应力（剪应力）离差系数缩限shrinkage limit coefficient)断级间skip(gap/jump) grading 配相关系数index of correlation土specific gravity of soil particle 粒比重界限management limit 管理steady seepage field 统计数稳定渗流场mathematic statistics 理maximum 应力路径stress path 最大值值minimum 最线包总强度total strength envelope 小布三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test 正态分normal distributionunconfined compression strength 保证量quality assurance 无侧限抗压质量强度检测质quality examinationunconsolidated undrained test regression curve 不固结不排水回归曲线 6relative dampness 相对湿度mud crack 泥痕rain print 雨痕本容量sample capacity 样orientation of bedrock 岩层产状sampling frequency 取样频率strike specimen 样品走向dip 倾向统计分析statistical analysisangle of dip (dip angle ) 倾角technical specification 技术规范fold technical standard 褶皱技术标准anticline testing circumstance 试验环境背斜syncline 向斜testing error 试验误差Monocline (homocline) 单斜testing regulation 试验规程dome 穹隆析variance analysis 方差分soft stratum ◆地质(Geology)软弱岩层zone of fracture(broken zone ) 破碎带地质年代（Geochronology of Geologicaffected zone Ages）影响带platy structure 板状构造Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）解理cleavage Proterozoic era (erathem) 元古代（界）fracture(rupture) 断裂古生代（界）Palaeozoic era (erathem)fissure(crack/fracture) 裂隙Mesozoic era (erathem) 中生代（界））岩石类型（Rock typeCenozoic era (erathem) 新生代（界）岩石学petrology Sinian period (system) 震旦纪（系）岩igneous rock 火成寒武纪（系）Cambrian period (system)Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）岩浆岩magmatic rock火山岩lava(vocanic rock) 志留纪（系）Silurian period (system)侵入岩intrusive (invade) rock Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）成石碳纪（系）Carboniferous period (system) 岩effusive rock 深成岩pypabussal rock 二叠纪（系）Permian period (system) 浅三叠纪（系）acid rock 酸性岩Triassic period (system) 侏罗纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 中性岩inter-mediate rock基性岩basic rock Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）第Tertiary period (system) 三纪（系）超基性岩ultrabasic rock第Quaternary period (system) 四纪（系）花岗岩granite斑岩Geologic Structural地质构造（）porphyryrhyolite 玢岩断层faultsyenite normal fault 正断层流纹岩逆断层reversed fault trachyte 粗面岩diorite parallel fault 平移断层闪长岩andesite 安山岩断层泥gouge擦痕stria 辉长岩gabbrojoint 理节玄武岩basaltprimary joint 理原生节细晶岩aplitesecondary joint 理次生节pegmatite 伟晶岩tension joint lamprophyre 煌斑岩理张节diabase 理卸荷节unloading joint 辉绿岩理片schistosity 橄榄岩dunite理层bedding pumice 浮岩）理（叶理板foliation 沉积岩sedimentary rock波痕ripple mark clastic rock 碎屑岩7clay rock 黏土岩quartz 石英topaz 黄玉chemical rock 化学岩corundum 刚玉biolith 生物岩diamand 金刚石砾岩conglomerateorthoclase 正长石siltstone 粉砂岩plagloclase 斜长石mudstone 泥岩biotite shale 页岩黑云母muscovite saline rock 盐岩白云母amphibole 角闪石limestone 石灰岩phroxene 辉石白云岩dolomiteolivine marl 泥灰岩橄榄石dolomite 白云石volcanic breccia 火山角砾岩kaolinite 高岭石火山块集岩volcanic agglomeratemontmorillonite 蒙脱石tuff 凝灰岩膨润土bentonite metamorphic rock 变质岩斑脱石、illite 板岩slate 伊力石garnet 石榴子石phyllite 千枚岩chlorite 绿泥石schist 片岩serpentine 蛇纹石gneiss 片麻岩pyrite 岩黄铁矿石quartzite 英marble 大理岩hematite 赤铁矿糜棱岩magnetite 磁铁矿mylonitemigmatite 混褐铁矿limonite 合岩）工程地质（cataclasite 碎裂岩Engineering Geology 技土工eotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（sediment(deposit) 沉积物（层）G）岩石工程术、漂石boulder 、顽石cobble 卵石岩石力学rock mechanics砾石gravel 力学soil mechanics 土岩石力学地质力学sand 砂、geomechanics engineering geological 粉siltstone 土clay 黏土地质条件conditons 工程砂质黏sandy clay 土问题engineering geological problem 工程地质clayey sand 岩体结构粘质砂土rock mass structure地形黏壤sandy loam 土、亚土geographic and geomorphic conditions土、表土浮regolith ( topsoil ) 地貌条件物理黄loess 土地质现象geophysical phenomenon 土红laterite 水文地质条件hydrogeological conditionsnatural materials 泥炭peat 天然材料海泥、ooze 软泥水库reservoir沉降Rock-forming 造岩矿物（settlement位移Minerals）displacementdeformation 变形滑石talctectonic stress 石膏gypsum 构造应力残余应力residual stress 方解石calcite内摩擦角萤石fluorite angle of internal friction凝聚力）磷灰石apatite 、cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力feldspar pressure tunnel 长石压力隧洞8underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室alluvium 冲积物（层）proluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）overburden 覆盖物deluvium 坡积物（层）bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩eluvium 残积物（层）firm/sound rock 坚硬岩石eolian deposit weak/soft rock 软弱岩石风积物（层）lake deposit 湖积物（层）interbed 夹层marine deposit 海积物（层）zone of fracture (broken zones ) 破碎带glacial (drift) deposit 冰川沉积物（层）homogeneity 均质性colluvial deposit (colluvium)nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性崩积物（层）isotropy 各向同性cross-bedding 交错层geologic structure 地质构造anisotropy 各向异性geotectonics 矿物质的物理性质(Physical Character of 大地构造学graben Minerals)地堑horst 地垒hardness 硬度cordance(conformity) 整合光泽lusterdiscordance(unconformity) color 颜色非整合deceptive cordance /conformity 假整合transparencey/pellucidity 透明度地质作用(Physical Geology Action) 条痕streakweathering 风化rent/fracture 断口erosion 侵蚀crystal form 晶形transportation 搬运(Petrology) 岩石学deposition/sediment 类沉积classification 分denudation structure 构造应力剥蚀corrasion 磨蚀texture 结构corrosion fabric 腐蚀组构dissolution 成mineral composition 矿物组溶蚀landslide 滑坡crystalline 结晶质collapse(rock fall) 崩塌非晶质amorphous substance mud flow fossil 化石泥石流earthquake 地震磨圆度degree of roundingintensity 烈度degree of grains 粒度magnitude 震级(Stratum andPhysiognomy) 地层地貌◆水文盆地basin (Hydrology)ground water(subsurface water) 地下水river valley 河谷surface water 地表水河床river bedatmospheric water 地形topography 大气水runoff terrain 径流地势fresh /plain /sweet water attitude 产状淡水river flow/discharge rock base ( batholite) 河水流量岩基peak flood flow 洪峰流量rock stock 岩株flood out flow 岩流rock flow 洪水下泄流量dry season rock loccolith 岩盖枯水季wet season 丰水季岩盆rock lopolithflood (raining) season 岩墙rock dike 汛期non-flood season 岩床rock sill 非汛期5% frequency flood 20 年一遇洪水vein dyke 岩脉flood control 沉积物（层）sediment(deposit) 防汛9（二）工程施工.机电类trunion beam 支饺梁dogging beam 锁定梁◆金属结构（Hydromechanical work)启闭机（Hoist）闸门(Gate)wire rope hoist 固定卷扬式启闭机工作门service gatehydraulic hoist emergency gate 事故门液压启闭机monorail hoist 单轨启闭机maintenance gate 检修门overhead crane 桥机sector gate 弧形闸门bridge crane 偏心铰闸门桥机eccentric hinge sector gatesupport frame 机架plane gate 平面闸门reducer 减速器fixed wheel plane gate 定轮平面闸门motor 电动机trashrack 拦污栅pulley 滑轮trash rake 清污机live pulley ）动滑轮预埋件（Embedded Partsfixed pulley 底sill 砍定滑轮equalizer pulley 平衡滑轮main guide 主轨drum 卷筒副轨auxiliary guidesteel wire rope 钢丝绳reverse guide 反轨position sensor 高度传感器side guide 侧轨load sensor 荷载传感器lintel 门楣brake 制动器steel liner 钢衬hydraulic system 液压系统高压冲水管high pressure water pipeoil cylinder 油缸pressure balance water pipe 冲水水平管piston rod 活塞杆）部件（组件/Assembly/partspump station gate leaf 门泵站叶oil tank 邮箱crank 拐臂pipe 管道arm 支撑filter seal 水封过滤器accumulator 蓄能器主main seal 水封valve 阀侧水封side seallogic valve top seal 顶水封逻辑阀check valve 单向阀底bottom seal 水封ball valve 球阀节流器水封辅auxiliary seal 助、cartridge valve 插装阀clip plate 压板solenoid operated directional slide block 滑块valve 电磁换向阀side slide block 侧向滑块门式起重机（Grantry Crane）反reverse slide block 向滑块rail 轨道定轮fixed wheellifting mechanism 起升机构轮主main wheeltraveling mechanism 运行机构side wheel 侧轮inspection trolley 重配ballast 检修小车gantry 吊耳lifting ear 门架support column 拉杆门腿lifting linkprimary beam 主梁支饺trunionbridge beam 横梁铰链hingecross beam 端梁饺座hinged supportside beam 铰轴hinged shaft 边梁lifting beam 端盖cover 起吊梁10hook 吊狗progressively 逐渐地purity 纯度buffer 缓冲装置push 推rail clamping device 夹轨器reliable driving wheel 主动轮可靠的residual oil 余油driven wheel 从动轮retraction 回缩其他（Others）run abnormal vibration 反常运行震动secure activate 激活保护separately or simultaneously 单独/anti-clockwise 逆时针同时地set up anticorrosion 防腐架设setting 设置/carry on 继续进行读数shim 行薄垫片执carry outslack 松弛clockwise 顺时针static loading test 静载试验试运行commissioningstill water 静水concentricity deviation 同心度偏差switch off 切断connect 连接synchronize 同步debris 碎片tighten de-energize 拧紧断电under water head condition 探测水压作用条件下detectwet test dry test 无水试验有水试验◆焊接和无损检验（Welding and dynamic loading test 动载试验Nondestructive Testing）加电给energize ……焊接{erection 架立Welding）arc strike 引弧/伸展expansion 弧伤arc welding 扣紧电弧焊fastenautomatic welding fit 安装自动焊back gouging 背面清根flowing water 动水backing 垫板闭门gate closurebase metal gate opening 启门母材build-up welding 堆焊/补焊门位恢复gate position restorationbutt joint 空载试验对接接头idle testcarbon rode impact 碳棒碰撞complete fusion 完全融合in pressure balance condition 平压条件下……lift……into position 将起吊到位角接接头corner joint涂料焊条covered electrode 定位locate降下试件coupon lowerdirect current electrodemanual operation 手动操作直流电极接负noise 噪声negative(DCEN)direct current electrodenote 记录operating gap 直流电极接正运作空隙positive(DCEP)衬垫pack double welding 双面焊particle 微粒double-bevel groove weld 双斜边坡口焊缝执行perform 型坡口焊缝double-J groove weld 双面J型坡口焊缝双面精确定位position accurately Udouble-U groove weld型坡口焊缝精确的precise V double-Vee groove weld 双面/预置/预留pre-set 电极焊条electrode按下按钮press button electrode holder 焊钳11electrosgas welding 电气焊weldment 焊件无损检验（电渣焊Nondestructive Testing）electroslag weldingangled beam filler metal 填充金属斜射波back scatter 背散射fillet weld 角焊缝calibration block 校准试块full fillet weld 大填角焊缝cleaning agent flat welding 平焊清洗剂contact beam 接触波flux 焊剂couplaut 偶合剂药芯焊丝弧焊flux cored arc weldingcrimp 褶皱forehand welding 左焊法definition 清晰度摩擦焊friction weldingdelayed sweep full penetration weld 全融透焊缝延时扫描detergent 去污剂fusion 熔合developer 显像剂fusion line 熔合线double-wall viewing 双壁透照groove weld 坡口焊缝echo 回波heat affecter zone 热影响区eddy current examination 涡流检验横焊horizontal weldingemulsifier 乳化剂lap joint 搭接接头examination medium 检验介质machine welding 机器焊exposure 暴光manual welding 手工焊inage quality indicator overhead welding 象质显示器仰焊inspector 检验师oxyfuel gas cutting(OFC) 氧燃料气割liquid penetrants testing 渗液检验oxyfuel gas welding(OFW) 氧燃料气焊magnetic particle testing 磁粉检验partial penetration weld 非全融透焊缝mass spectrometer 质普仪焊道passnondestructive inspection peening 锤击无损探伤penetrameter 等离子弧焊透度计plasma arc weldingpenetrant plug weld 塞焊渗透剂radiographic testing 射线检验气孔porosityscan postheating 后热扫描scratch 焊后热处理postweld heat treatment 划痕search unit 探头preheating 预热single-wall viewing 电阻焊resistance welding 单壁透照sniffer seal weld 密封焊缝嗅探器straight beam 直射波缝焊seam weldingstreak 条纹半自动焊semi-automatic weldingultrasonic instrument 超声仪单斜边坡口焊缝single-bevel groove weldultrasonic testing 超声波检验型坡口焊缝J single-J groove weld 单面visual testing 目测、外观检验型坡口焊缝单面single-U groove weld Uwheel search unit 轮式探头V单面single-Vee groove weld 型坡口焊缝夹渣slag inclusion X-ray machine X-射线仪）点焊spot welding ◆水轮机（Hydraulic Turbine直坡口焊缝水轮机hydraulic turbine square groove weldreaction turbine 反击式水轮机埋弧焊submerged arc weldingimpulse turbine 冲击式水轮机定位焊tack welding混流式水轮机咬边undercut francis turbine立焊vertical welding axial turbine 轴流式水轮机焊道weld head prototype turbine 原型水轮机12rated head 额定水头inertia 惯性flywheel effect 飞轮效应effective head 有效水头time constant 时间常数net head 净水头mandoor 进入门maximal head 最大水头pit liner 最小水头机坑里衬minimal head elastic layer 弹性垫层spiral case 蜗壳turbine pit 机坑stay ring 座环feedback 反馈wicket gate 导叶main distributing valve main shaft 主轴主配压阀solenoid 主轴密封shaft seal 线圈relay 继电器coupling flange 连接法兰transfer function 传递函数runner 转轮◆runner crown 转轮上冠机械通用词汇abrasion performance 耐磨性runner band 转轮下环abrasion test 磨耗试验runner cone 转轮泄水锥accessory 附件、配件、零件runner blade/bucket 转轮叶片accuracy 准确性、精度head cover 顶盖anti-corrosion 抗蚀底环bottom ringbalance test 平衡试验discharge ring 基础环bearing 轴承draft tube 尾水管bearing box draft tube cone 尾水锥管轴承箱bearing bush 轴瓦、轴套尾水肘管draft tube elbowbearing carrier governor 调速器轴承座bearing collar 轴承环、推力头调速器柜governor cubicle/cabinetbearing cover 轴承盖oil pressure tank/vessel 压力油罐bearing journal 轴颈回油箱oil sump tankbend 弯头gate ring 控制环bend radius 弯曲半径distributor 导水机构bending strength shear pin 剪断销抗弯强度bolt 螺栓筒形阀ring gatebore 钻孔servomotor 接力器bore machine 效率efficiency 镗床brake valve output 出力制动阀by-pass 旁通流量dischargecallipers 卡尺sir admission system 补气系统cardan shaft 万向轴涡流检验vortexcast special tool 专用工具铸造characteristic test auxiliary equipment 特性试验辅助设备chock damper/absorber/cushion 减震器、阴尼器楔子、垫块clamp runout 卡头、夹板摆度clearing of fault 水击water hammer 故障排除clip 导轴承guide bearing 夹具、钳coat operation condition 运行工况涂层correction value 矫正值开度openingcottor pin 开口销空蚀cavitationcoupling flange 抗磨涂层erosion resistant coating 联结法兰damping device 负荷load 缓冲装置13deflection 挠度monkey wrench 活动扳手nail 钉子density 密度nipple 管接头derusting 除锈nut 螺母descale 除垢o-ring O 偏差形环deviationoperating condition 运行情况dial 刻度盘pretreatment 预处理dial gauge 千分尺process 流程、工艺distort 变形screw cap 螺帽dowel pin (setpin) 定位销spigot 偏心凸轮套管、止口eccentric camstroke 偏心销eccentric pin 行程valve 偏心、偏心率、偏心度阀门eccentricityelastic bearing 弹性轴承verticality 垂直度弹性变形elastic deformation washer 垫圈elastic limit 弹性极限楔子板wedgeElectrical Equipment 电气设备及元器件（◆facility 设备、设施）& Element Partsfactory assembly 工厂装配发电机generator 型钢fashioned ironfeed pipe 供水管电动机motor3-phase squirrel-cage asynchronous motor female end 内止口field welding 现场焊缝三相鼠笼式电动机三相绕线式电动表面光洁度、精加工finish 3-phase wind asynchronous机fitting allowance 装配公差电枢motor armature fitting assembling 零件装配fitting face 配合面电刷brush线圈、绕组coil 法兰flangeflatness 平整度energizing coil 励磁线圈stator 缺陷flaw 定子stator core 定子铁芯flexibility 挠性、柔性forge stator winding 定子绕组锻造foundation 基础rotator 转子transformer 变压器摩擦friction隔离变压器isolating transformer gauge 规、计、表互感器齿轮gear mutual inductor globe valve 球阀电流互感器current transformer(CT)grade 电压互感器potential transformer(PT) 等级hardness 硬度高压电器high-voltage equipment热处理heat treatment breaker 断路器interface 分界面、接触面、接口isolating switch 隔离开关bushing 接头、接缝、连接、焊接joint套管结合面、接缝面joint face 绝缘子insulator 润滑剂、润滑材料lubricant 悬式绝缘子suspended insulatorlubrication circuit 润滑管道column-type insulator 支柱绝缘子lubrication oil 润滑油reactor 电抗器电容器机加工machine capacitorlightning rod 机床machine tool 避雷针（器）外止口male end low-voltage electric appliance 低压电器14knife switch 刀开关wiring terminal 接线端子terminal block 接线板、接线盒fuse 熔断器illuminator 照明automatic switch 自动开关lamp 灯contactor 接触器lightning distribution box(board) 触点照明配电箱contact constant close contact 常闭触点screw socket 螺口灯头fluorescence lamp 常开触点日光灯constant open contactbuld 灯泡starter 启动器socket 插座overtravel-limit switch 行程开关grounding 接地changeover switch 转换开关grounding resistance 接地电阻controller 控制器grounding switch 接地开关resistor 电阻器ground connector light resistor 光敏电阻接地体galvanized flat steel 变阻器镀锌扁钢varistorground wire 电磁铁electromagnet 接地线working grounding 母线工作接地busprotection grounding bare bus bar 裸母线保护接地others 其他cable 电缆master switch power cable 电力电缆主令开关induction coil 感应线圈control cable 控制电缆magnetic coil 电磁线圈armored cable 铠装电缆stabilizator 稳压器cab-type cable 橡皮绝缘软电缆bell 电铃电缆夹cable clampIPC cable connector 电缆接头共控机local control unit (LCU) 现地控制单元cable core 电缆芯programmable logic电缆卷筒cable drumcontroller(PLC) 可编程控制器电缆挂钩cable hangerprogrammer 编程器cable rack 电缆架motor valve 电缆终端cable terminal end 电动阀electromagnetic valve 电磁阀H cable 屏蔽电缆◆电气通用词汇裸线bare wirealternation current(AC) 交流电ammeter 电流表allowed value 容许值欧姆表ohmmeter ampere voltmeter 电压表安培automatic operation 电度表kilowatt-hour meter 自动操作bridge megger 兆欧表电桥cabling diagram 继电器relay 电缆连接图capacity of storage battery over current relay 过流继电器蓄电池容量欠流继电器under current relay charging 充电time relay (timer) 时间继电器charging current 充电电流thermal relay 闭合热继电器closeshortdown relay 常闭触点constant close contact 断路继电器constant open contact 蓄电池battery 常开触点battery charger 蓄电池充电器control circuit 控制电路盘屏pannel 电流强度current intensitydirect current (DC) 配电盘swithboard 直流电分线（配电）盒distributing cabinetde-energise (deenergize) 切断、断电15dynamic test 动态试验transient current 瞬时电流transient voltage 瞬时电压electric arc 电弧volt 伏（特）electric leakage 漏电voltage 电压flash test 高压闪络试验wiring scheme generator active power 发电机有功功率接线图withstand voltage test 耐压试验发电机效率generator efficiency◆计算机监控系统（generator reactive power 发电机无功功率Computer Supervisoryinput 输入（量）and Control System）A/D converter 绝缘涂层模数变换器insulating coatinganalog control loop 模拟控制回路insulation grade 绝缘等级automatic-restoration 自恢复insulation test 绝缘试验automatic element 自动化元件interlocker(interlocking) 联锁装置block diagram 方框图kilowatt-hour 千瓦小时、度coaxial cable 同轴电缆leakage protection 漏电保护command 指令line-to-line short circuit 线间短路communication 通信malfunction 误动作compatibility manual operation 手动操作兼容性console 控制台megohm 兆欧current transducer 电流变送器mis-operation 误操作cursor （显示器）光标欧姆ohmD/A converter 数模变换器outlet 引出线、电源插座data bus 数据总线outlet box 引出盒、接线盒database 输出线路数据库outlet linedigital signal 输出量output 数字信号digital screen 显示屏overcurrent protection 电流过载保护electric quantity transducer 电量变送器并联电路parallel circuiteletromagnetic interference power factor 功率因数电磁干扰fiber optic cable 光纤电缆电源power supplyfloppy disk 一次电路软盘primary circuitflowchart rated current 额定电流流程图。
水利工程专业英语词汇(整理版)
水利工程专业英语词汇(整理版) 1. 工程与建筑（Engineering and Construction）- 水利工程：Water conservancy engineering- 水资源：Water resources- 水文学：Hydrology- 水文数据：Hydrological data- 水资源管理：Water resources management- 水库：Reservoir- 水库调度：Reservoir operation- 水坝：Dam- 防洪工程：Flood control engineering- 排水系统：Drainage system- 供水系统：Water supply system- 灌溉系统：Irrigation system- 泥沙运移：Sediment transport- 土壤侵蚀：Soil erosion2. 水文测量（Hydrometry）- 流量：Discharge- 水位：Water level- 降雨量：Rainfall- 蒸发量：Evaporation- 蓄水量：Storage capacity- 波浪：Wave- 水流速度：Water flow velocity- 水质监测：Water quality monitoring- 数据采集：Data collection- 自动化监测：Automated monitoring- 水文站：Hydrological station- 抽水站：Pumping station- 测站布点：Site selection for monitoring stations 3. 水利设施（Hydraulic Structures）- 输水渠道：Conduit- 闸门：Sluice gate- 溢流堰：Overflow weir- 涵洞：Culvert- 泵站：Pumping station- 水闸：Watergate- 脉动：Pulsation- 型流：Uniform flow- 示宽曲线：Rating curve- 水头：Water head- 消能：Energy dissipation- 喷泉：Fountain4. 水资源可持续利用（Sustainable Water Resource Utilization）- 水资源保护：Water resource conservation- 水资源评估：Water resource assessment- 水资源规划：Water resource planning- 水资源经济学：Water resource economics- 水资源法律法规：Water resource laws and regulations- 水资源政策：Water resource policies- 水资源分配：Water resource allocation- 水资源效率：Water resource efficiency- 水价：Water price- 水治理：Water governance- 水污染防治：Water pollution prevention and control以上列举了一些常见的水利工程专业英语词汇，希望对您有所帮助。
水利水电工程英文词汇
.国际工程常用英汉词汇汇编international project 国际工程overseas project 一、基础词汇海外工程domestic project 国内工程access 交通equipment 设备agreement 同意、协议expatriate 外籍职员allocation 分配、配置expert 专家approval 同意、批准export 仲裁出口arbitrationFederation of Civil Engineering Contractor 亚洲开发银行Asia Development Bank 土木工程承包商联合会assistant 助理、助手formal 授权、委托正式的authorize(delegate)hydromechanical works Bill of Quantities(BOQ) 工程量表金结工程import 土建工程进口civil worksin charge of claim 索赔负责、主管informal 评论、意见非正式的commentInstitution of Civilcommercial manager 商务经理Engineers(ICE) conditions of contract 土木工程师协会合同条件instrument 仪器、器械general conditions 通用条件insurance 保险conditions of particular application 专用条件labour 劳务special conditions of contract 特别条件layout 布置Conditions of contract for Works of Civilleading company(sponsor)牵头公司、Engineering Construction 土木工程施工合同责任公司条件责任、义务liability(responsibility/obligation)construction management 施工管理总包lump sump机械顾问consultant machinerycontract agreement 合同协议人力资源manpower(human resource)承包商Contractor Manufacturer 制造商material 材料cooperation 合作measure 协作coordination 办法、措施cost 费用take effective measures 采取有效措施measurement 成本控制cost control 测量、计量备忘录memorandum counterclaim 反索赔进场mobilization 退场demobilization反对department 部门objectionDesigner 支付设计者paymentdrawing 图纸设备plant车间图shop drawing 观点、意见point of view(opinion)design drawing 设计图prequalification 资格预审procurement 竣工图as-built drawing 采购蓝图blue drawing 利润profit透明图transparent drawing 进度控制progress controlconstruction drawing 施工图项目经理project managerelectric works quality control 电气工程质量控制申请、请求request(application) 业主Employer(Client/Owner)审查工程师Engineer review工程师代表Engineer's representative 风险riskengineering project 工程项目截流river closure...a round of excavation 一个开挖循环river diversion 导流adit 安全支洞safetyadvance signature 签名进尺advances depth 进尺深度site 工地、现场breaking hole 崩落孔site engineer 现场工程师cushion hole 缓冲孔specification 规格、规范drift 掏槽staff 职员bottom drift 底部掏槽Subcontractor 分包商center drift 提交中心掏槽submissionside drift supervise 监督、监视边部掏槽top drift 供货商顶部掏槽Supplierdrilling 钻孔the International Chamber of Commerce国际driving(progress) rate 进尺率商会easer 掏槽孔unit price 单价erecting supports for the roof and side wall 变更variation(change) 对顶拱及边墙进行支护World Bank 世界银行full face excavation 全断面开挖二、工程施工类heading and bench excavation 导流与台阶开-（一）工程施工土建类挖◆开挖与支护（Excavation and Support)loading and hauling muck(mucking ) Open Excavation ) 装拉渣明挖（loading (charging) bench excavation 装药台阶开挖perimeter hole 周边孔concrete excavation 砼开挖pilot tunnel 导洞断层开挖fault excavationremoving dust foundation excavation 基础开挖除尘removing ground water 清除地面积水局部开挖local excavationshooting the explosive (blasting) 大面积开挖放炮mass(bulk) excavationtop heading excavation protective layer excavation 上导洞开挖保护层开挖ventilation rock excavation 岩石开挖通风钻孔爆破(Drilling and Blasting) 边坡开挖slope excavationabandoned hole 废孔soft ground excavation 软基开挖average hole depth 土方开挖soil excavation 平均孔深average quantity used in unit structural excavation 结构开挖volume blasted 平均单耗齿槽开挖tooth excavationblasting result 爆破结果unclassified material excavation 不分类料开blockness 挖块度controlled perimeter blasting coefficient of nonuniformity 开挖不均匀系数周边控制爆破data of explosive filled 截水槽cutoff trench 装药参数data of holes drilled 排水dewatering(drainage) 钻孔参数delayed blasting 开挖基坑excavation pit 延时爆破exploratory hole intensity of excavation 开挖强度探孔explosive quantity 药量超挖overexcavate ( overbreak )explosive quantity in a sound 单响药量水泵坑pump sumphandling misfire 欠挖Underexcavate ( underbreak ) 处理哑炮light charge underbreak treatment 欠挖处理少量装药loosening blasting 松动爆破Tunnel and Underground 洞挖及地下开挖（Excavation)布孔方式pattern...replace 重新回填distance between holes 孔距retreat (do the work again) 排距返工distance between rowsscarify 翻松、刨毛post shearing blasting 微差爆破screen and wash 筛分和冲洗prespliting blasting 预裂爆破take a sample 取样quantity of holes 孔数test 测试smooth blasting 光面爆破transport 运输延时支护(rock support)treat expansion shell rock bolt 胀壳式张拉锚杆处理trim 随机锚索feature rock anchor 修整缺陷（Defects feature rock bolt 随机张拉锚杆）calcium particles 随机砂浆锚杆姜石feature rock dowelcontaminated material feature rock reinforcement 随机加固受污染料declination of the boundary 钢桁架、格构大梁料界偏差lattice girderdry 干燥pattern cement grouted rocklack of compaction 系统水泥浆锚杆dowel 漏压lump sump 结块pattern resin grouted rock dowelmuddy 系统树脂浆锚杆泥泞oversize material pattern rock dowel 系统砂浆锚杆超粒径材料pocket 囊穴pattern rock reinforcement 系统加固seepage 渗流permanent rock support 永久支护separation 分离post-tensioned cement grouted tendon rockshear area 剪力区anchor 后张拉水泥浆锚索lens 回弹料rebound material 透镜体其它（return rock bolt 回头张拉锚杆Others)bonding surface 回头加固return rock reinforcement 结合面byproduct 副产品shotcrete anchorage 喷锚controlling parameter 控制参数挂网喷砼shotcrete with wire meshfill placement record steel fabric shotcrete 钢纤维喷砼填筑记录frog area 蛙夯区钢拱架steel ribrequired embankment 必要填方temporary rock support 临时支护subzone 树脂张拉锚tensioned resin grouted rock bolt 分区◆混凝土（杆Concrete ）air-entrained concrete(aerated concrete) Working ◆土石料的填筑及碾压施工工序（加气砼Sequence)asphalt concrete 沥青砼backfill 回填blinding concrete 混合blend 垫层砼cast-in situ(site/place)concrete 碾压compact 现浇砼plastic concrete 控制洒水controlled sprinkling 塑料砼fibrous concrete cut the slope 削坡纤维砼first stage concrete 卸料dump 一期砼foamed concrete exploit 开采泡沫砼high-performance concrete level 整平高性能砼high-strength concrete 高强砼装料loadintrusion concrete 压浆砼水分调节moisture conditionlean concrete (poor concrete) 摊铺place and spread 贫砼remove 清除轻骨料砼lightweight aggregate concrete...air-entraining agent 引气剂mass concrete 大体积砼bloating(bulking /expansion) agent 无砂砼膨胀剂non-fines concretecoring admixture 着色剂non-plastic concrete 干硬性砼early-strength admixture 早强剂non-shrinkage concrete 无收缩砼gas-forming admixture 发气剂（起泡剂）normal concrete 常态砼fluidizer plain concrete 素砼塑化剂retarding agent 缓凝剂porous concrete 多孔砼set-controlling admixture 调凝剂预应力砼prestressed concretesuper-plasticizer 增塑剂、高效减水剂pump concrete 泵送砼surface-active agent 表面活性剂reinforced concrete 钢筋砼water-reducing agent 减水剂roller compacted concrete( rollcrete) 碾压砼accelerating water reducer 速凝型减水剂second stage concrete 二期砼retarding water reducer 缓凝型减水剂作业（Activity）waterproof agent 防水剂clearance(clearing) 清理）指标（concreteIndexes抗压强度compressive strength pouring(placement/casting) 砼浇筑压应力compressive stress curing 养护砼等级concrete class 薄膜养护Membrance curing终凝强度moist curing 湿润养护final strength级配标准养护normal curing graduation蒸汽养护级配曲线graduation curve steam curing修理repairing 抗渗性impermeability初凝强度initial setting strength Scabbling (chiping/roughening) 凿毛配比设计mix design greencutting 冲毛抗冻融性surface finishing 收面resistance to freezing and thawing抗剪强度shear strength 振捣vibrating缺陷（Defects坍落度slump ）bug hole(pitted surface) 麻面比重specific weight/gravitystability against s cavity 狗洞cold joint 冷缝抗滑稳定性liding应变strain 裂缝cracksurface finish 表面平整度deformation 变形tensile strength 坑洼depression 抗拉强度fire-damaged concrete 火损砼tensile stress 拉应力跑模formwork shifting(moving) thermal stress 温度应力grout leakage 漏浆（挂帘）water-cement ratio 水灰比工作应力蜂窝honeycomb working stress不完全振捣、漏振incomplete vibration ）其他（Others不规则irregularity 验收acceptance segregation(bleeding) 离析age 龄期错台stair(staggered joint) aggregate 骨料tie rod hole 拉杆孔细骨料fine aggregatewater leakage 漏水粗骨料coarse aggregateair pocket 渗水water seepage 气囊Admixture外加剂（）气密性airtightness accelerator 速凝剂替代物、替换方法alternative...section area 截面面积apply 应用、施加shearkey 弯矩抗剪键bending momentkey groove 键槽block 仓号shotcrete dry-mix process 干喷砼生产binding strength 黏结强度shotcrete wet-mix process 湿喷砼生产calibration 标定simplify cement anchor 锚固卷简化simultaneously concrete plug 砼塞同时地spacer 水泥垫块concrete precast element 砼预制件spacing 间距concrete release sheet 发料单stress concentration 应力集中施工缝construction jointsymmetry 对称contamination /pollution 污染technical data 技术参数conversion(reconstruction) 改建temperature control 温度控制coverage 覆盖范围temperature difference 温差养护剂curing agenttemperature rise(gain) delivery sheet 运料单温度升高theoretical elongation 理论延长量direct discharge 直接入仓unloading elevation 高程、正视图卸载water stop 止水还氧砂浆抹面epoxy mortar applicationPVC water stop PVCexisting 现有（存）的止水rubber water stop 橡皮止水expansion joint 伸缩缝copper water stop 铜止水facilitate 使容易（便利）watertightness 闭水性纤丝笼gabionwinter protection 湿度冬季保温humidity◆模板（identity Formwok/Shutteringform) 识别、标记erecting(setting up/fixing) formwork 立模ingredient 成分、配料Stripping (removing/dismantling) formwork inspection 拆检查、验收模preliminary inspection 初验bond breaker 脱模剂final inspection 终验climbing cone appearance inspection 外观检查爬升锥dam bracket 大坝支架完整的、未被触动的intactdistance piece 塔间缝横支撑inter-tower jointdouble-curvature formwork introduce into 双曲模板穿入将……flat formwork 平面模板isolate 隔离formwork oil laitance 模板油浮浆皮pigtail anchor layer(lift)height 层高猪尾筋retractable formwork 满足设计要求meet design requirement 进退式模板shearkey box moment of inertia 惯性距键槽盒sliding formwork 滑模预留孔Pocket (box out/preset hole)steel form carrier 后冷却post-cooling 钢模台车steel formwork 后张拉post tensioning 钢模steel waling pre-cooling 预冷却钢围令、钢支撑stopend pre-stressing 堵头、封堵模板预应力temporary formwork 临时模板先张拉pre-tensioningtie rod(form tie) 拉杆扒拉试验pull-off testtiltable formwork 钢筋保护层reinforcement cover 倾斜式模板remark 备注顶拱及底拱模板vault and invert formwork...flow rate meter 测量计wood formwork 木模galvanized elbow ）镀锌弯头◆钢筋（Reinforcement Rebargrout cap 灌浆帽distribution bar 分布筋grout cell 出浆盒dowel 插筋grout stop plate 止浆片horizontal bar 水平筋grout valve lap length 搭接长度灌浆阀inlet pipe 进浆管main stress bar 主应力筋large radius elbow 大弧弯头overlap 搭接main pipe 总管shear bar 剪力筋male-quick coupling 外丝快接头splice welding 绑条焊接outlet pipe starter bar 起始筋、苗子锦出浆管packer 灌浆塞stirrup 箍筋piston support bar 架立筋活塞plug 竖直筋vertical bar 堵头reducer socket ）◆灌浆（Grouting变径管套return pipe 回填灌浆回浆管backfill groutingtee piece consolidation grouting 固结灌浆三通管reduce tee piece 接触灌浆变径三通管contact groutingswivel-clamp 帷幕灌浆curtain grouting 转卡U-bend U弯头gap grouting 接缝灌浆union 活接头gravity grouting 自重灌浆ventilation pipe 排气管jet grouting 旋喷灌浆water supply 水包多次灌浆multi-stage grouting参数及指标（pressure grouting 压力灌浆Parameter andIndexes环行灌浆ring grouting ）consistency single-stage grouting 一次灌浆稠度fineness 细度Activity工艺过程（）grout take 吃浆量通风试验air testhigh take backfilling of hole 封孔吃浆量大grouting pressure 灌浆压力通水试验flushing testleakage rate 漏水率joint washing 洗缝Lugeon 吕容密封sealmix proportion 浆比soak 浸泡pumping rate 压水试验water pressure test 泵浆率refusal criteria 管路及组件（排浆标准Circuit and Elements）air supply 风包抽浆时间refusal time升降管arising pipe water aborptin 吸水率circuit 回路Plant and Instrument）仪器设备（搅拌站agitator 卡子clamp自动记录仪automatic recorder 旋塞cockchiller plant(cooling plant) 蛇形管coil 制冷站displancement point cylinder 缸套位移点对丝连接套double nipple 电子流量计electronic grout flow meterexpansion coupling 伸缩节extensometer 变位计female-quick coupling flow transmitter 流量传感器内丝快接头foundation displacementfixed clamp 死卡...first order triangulation 一等三角测量indicator 基础位移指示器geodetic 灌浆泵大地测量学的grout pumpgeodetic surveying 大地测量hydrometer 比重计joint survey 联合测量joint meter 测缝计known point 已知点mixing plant 制浆站level surface monitor 监测器水准面local triangulation networks 局部三角网osmometer 渗压计national coordination system 国家坐标网pendulum 钟摆observe 观测、监视portable instrument 便携式仪器point to be located 待定点pressure gauge 压力表position pressure sensor 定位、位置压力传感器reconnaissance 选点、踏勘reinforcement meter 钢筋计reference point steel basin 搅拌槽参考点second order triangulation 应变计二等三角测量strain meterset out 温度传感器temperature sensor 放线、放样stake-line 集线站测桩线terminal stationstate plane coordinate system 其他（Others）国家平面坐标系check hole 检查孔survey point 测点compartment 灌区theoretical point 理论点浓浆dense mixtraverse(polygon) foundation uplift 基础隆起导线（测量）、横断error of traverse 灌浆孔导线闭合差grout holelattice traverse instrument hole 仪器孔网格状导线long side traverse 长导线一primary/secondary and tertiary grout holesopen traverse 非闭合导线序、二序、三序灌浆孔short side traverse 短导线加密灌浆孔距spilt spacingtraverse closure 弃浆导线闭合waste mixtraverse station 导线点）Survey◆测量（traverse survey Methods and Terms测量方法及术语（）导线测量triangulation 三角测量校正、调整adjusttriangulation network 三角网adjustment 平差triangulation of high order 高等级三角网容许误差allowancetriangulation point 三角点backsight point 后视点trilateration 基础点basic point 三边测量vertical-control net bench mark 水准点高程控制网wood pile 木桩罗盘compass角度测量（桩号chainage(station number) Angular Measure）azimuth 三角锁chain of triangulation 方位角bearing check 校核、对照方位、象限角buddle 控制点control point 气泡、水准器circle coordinate point 坐标点度盘、圆盘circular bubble datum 基础面圆水准器collimation axis 视准轴基准点datum pointcross-line(cross-hair) 十字丝偏差deviationdepression angle 容易识别点easily identifiable point 俯角error 误差仰角elevation angle...tape 卷尺eyepiece(ocular) 目镜invar tape 标杆铟瓦钢卷尺field pole(staff)高程测量（foot-screw 脚螺栓Height Measurement）altitude/elevation 水平角高程、海拔horizontal angleapproximate leveling 近似置平、粗平mark 标志（明）automatic level 自动定平水准仪objective lens 物镜difference in altitude(difference of 铅垂、垂线plumb(plummet)elevation ,height difference) sight 瞄准、观测高差error of closure in leveling 水准闭合差target 目标、瞄准exact leveling 精平、确置平theodolite 经纬仪level 水准仪（测点）横轴tranverse axislevel circuit 水准闭合环tripod 三脚架level shoe 水准尺垫vertical angle 竖直角line of level 水准线路vertical axis 竖轴national geodetic vertical datum 国家大地高望远镜（Telescope）程基准面centering 对中reduced level face left 盘左归化高差run back 盘右返测face rightrun out focus 集中、焦点往测three-wire leveling 三丝法水准测量调焦focusing地形测量（指标误差Topographic Survey）index errorboundary inverted position of telescope(reverse 边界、界线construction stake 施工标桩telescope)倒镜、盘右contour 等高线normal position of telescope(direct telescope)contour interval 等高距正镜、盘右contouring 光学垂准器绘等高线optical plummetcontour-length method round 等高线延长法测回contour line 等高线set 套、组control network 控制网测站stationdetail 细部、详图）Distance Measure距离测量（draw barometer 气压计绘图field 基线base line(basic line/datum line) 外业fix 固定、确定battery 电池form line 地形图EDM(electromagnetic distance measurement)grid 格网电磁波测距information filter 滤光片、滤波器注记、资料、情报marginal information 激光准直系统laser alignment system 轮廓注记large-scale laser beam 激光束大比例尺的latitude 棱镜prism 纬度、范围latitude circle 测程、距离range 纬圈latitude line long range 远程纬线legend 中程图例medium rangelocation 定线、定位短程short rangelongitude 测距仪range finder 经度longitude line 信号signal 经线spring balance 弹簧称地图、制图map...strong-motion seismogragh 强震仪mapping 制图、测图、地质素描surface monument 拼接线表面标点match linetemperature sensor 温度传感器monument 标石、石柱terminal house 终端房object 地物、目标terminal station 终端站plan 平面图、略图tilt meter plot 绘图倾角计time average pressure cell profile 断面（图）、纵剖图时均压力计total pressure cell 总压力盒record 记录、资料velometer 流速计setup 定置仪器vertical inclinometer 垂直测斜仪定位site locationvibrating wire piezometer 震旋式渗压计stake out 放样、定线、立桩vibrating wire settlement sensor 振旋式沉降符号、记号symbol仪topographic detail 地形细部weir with micro piezometer 带微压计的量水堰地形图topographic mapworking base point Instrumentation ◆原形观测观测仪器和设施{工作基点砼无应力计and Facilities）zero stress-strain meter）附件及配件（air-entraining meter 掺气剂Acessories and Spare Parts卡尔逊式渗压计Carlson-type piezometer 盘绕coilconcrete strain meter 砼应变计零部件component坐标仪coordinator convergent point 收敛测点阻尼角damping box direct plumb line 正垂线差动电阻differential resistance 土压力盒earth pressure cell双层保护embankment piezometer 坝体渗压计double layer rubber sleeve堤应变计embankment strain meter 强制对中盘forced centering plate仪器电缆instrument lead extended wire 引张线foundation piezometer 铟瓦丝invar wire 基础渗压计horizontal inclinometer 水平测斜仪metal ring 金属环plumb coordinate meter 垂线坐标仪hydraulic instrument 水力学仪器pulley hydrophone 水听器滑轮测斜管inclinometer casing regulator 调节器riser interface joint meter 界面变位计立管传感器sensor 倒垂线inverted plumb line微压计绕轴spool micro piezometermultiple position extensometer 多点位移计钢底座steel socket药片observation point 观测标点tablet观测井observation well 张拉重锤tensioning weight视准线optical alignment line thermistor 热敏电阻钢板计plate strain meter tip 测头气压式渗压计）Procession of Installation安装过程（pneumatic piezometer组装assemble 脉动压力计pressure fluctuation meterprestressed tendon anchorage 连接coupleembed 埋设预应力锚索测力计dynamometer安装install 锚杆测力计rock bolt extensometer单点位移计single point extensometer 绝缘insulatespiral sensor 测扭仪维护maintenancestandpipe 测压管监测monitor...fineness modulus 细度模数protection of instrumentation 仪器保护gaping place rate 空隙率reduce 归纳grader retained percentage seal 密封分计筛余百分率grain composition 颗粒级配splice 拼接grain size 粒径supply 提供lightweight matter in aggregate 轻物质含量test 测试mica content 云母含量资料（Information）moisture content(water rate) 含水率assemble schematic 装配简图mud content 含泥量合格证书certificateorganic content description 使用说明书有机质含量potential reactivity of aggregate 维护指南骨料潜在活性maintenace guidelinemanual 说明书饱和的saturation筛分曲线sieving curve 工作原理operating principleoperating restraint 操作范围软弱骨料含量soft grain in aggregate坚固性soundness procedure 程序表面含水率surface moisture content trouble shooting procedure 鼓掌分析程序水溶性硫化物water-soluble sulphide Others其他（）(Hydraulicity cementitious 水硬性胶凝材料环行空间annular spacematerial) 数据采集data acquisitiondata recording 数据记录龄期agecement mark(strength of cement /cement 引线孔leas drilling hole永久记录permanent record 水泥标号grade)consumptive use of water normal consistance 读数设备readout devicesaturated 饱和的标准稠度用水量流动性degree of mobilization seepage isolation dike 截渗堤dissolution heat ( solution heat ) 溶解热梯形trapezoidal◆水工常规试验final set 终凝flexural strength 抗弯强度砼原材料试验（Test of Raw and Processedflyash 粉煤灰Material of Concrete））hydration heat 水化热Aggregate骨料（abrasion volume by Los Angeles rattler 初凝initial set洛杉机磨耗量烧矢量loss on ignition(ignition loss)凝结时间累计筛余百accumulated retained percentage setting time硅粉silica fume 分率水泥的安定性soundness 针状与acicular and flaky grain in aggregate 片状颗粒含量specific surface area 比表面积specific heat 比热碱骨料反应alkali-aggregate reactionwater demand ratio 吸水量比视密度apparent density）外加剂（容重bulk density (unity weight) Admixture泡沫稳定性clay lumps and friable particles in aggregate bubble stabilitybubbling ability 起泡能力黏土块及易碎颗粒含量软化系数coefficient of softening chloride content 氯化物含量压碎指标crush index 抗压强度比compressive strength ratecontract with dry rate 干缩率干燥状态dry statedispersing coefficient 分散系数exceeding and inferior grain indispersing ability of wateraggregate 超逊径颗粒含量...-reducing agent 减水剂分散能力linear expansion coefficient 线膨胀系数loss of weight 重量损失loss of slump 塌落度损失natural frequency 自振频率硫酸盐含量sulphate contentpermeate 渗透solid content 固体含量permeated height 渗透高度surface tension 表面张力permeated-resisting markwater-reducing rate 减水率抗渗标号relative coefficient of permeability Water）相对渗透系水（数碱度alkalinityresonance frequency 共振频率calcion 钙离子sample 钙酸试件carbonic acidself-grown volume deformationchlorion 氯离子（砼）自生体积变形equivalent concentration 当量浓度splitting tensile strength 劈裂抗拉强度oxygen consumption 耗氧量static compressive modulus of elasticity 静力normal solution (standard抗压弹数标准溶液solution)temperature conductivity PH value PH值导温系数tensile modulus of elasticity 抗拉弹性模量water analysis 水值分析thermal insulation warming 砼（绝热温升Concrete）ultimate tensile strain 极限拉应变Mixture砼拌和物（）ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度砼保证强度assurance strength of concretewear rate bleeding rate 泌水率磨损率wear-resisting strength 抗冲磨强度cement-sand ration 灰砂比砂浆（Cement）砼设计标号design strength of concretecement lime mortar 砼的流动性flowability of concrete 水泥石灰砂浆cement mortar 水泥砂浆mix proportion (proportion of mixture) 砼配合cement-clay mortar 水泥黏土砂浆比epoxy mortar mixture uniformity 拌和物的均匀性环氧砂浆lime mortar 石灰砂浆贯入阻力法penetration-obstruction methodplastering mortar 砼抹面砂浆probability of ensuring strength of concretepointing joint mortar 勾缝砂浆强度保证率土（sand rate 砂率Soil）accumulation curve (cumulative curve) 单位用水量unit consumption of water 累计曲线water retention (water retentiveness) 保水性activity index 活性指标水灰比water-cement ratioangle of friction 摩擦角）硬化砼（Hardened concreteAtterberg limits(water content as limit) 轴向抗拉强度axial tensile strength 阿太堡界限（界限含水量）coefficient of thermal conductivity 导热系数California bearing ratio cooling rate 冷却率载重比coarse-grained soil core of concrete 粗粒土砼芯样coefficient of compressibility creep deformation (time deformation ) 压缩系数徐变变coefficient of cubical形compressibility 形状系数form coefficient(form factor) 体积压缩系数coefficient of curvature freezing -melting circulation 冻融循环曲率系数compression 压缩frost-resistance mark 抗冻标号compression index 砼热学性能heat property of concrete 压缩指数height-diameter ration 高径比压缩模数compression modulus...consolidated-undrained (quick) shear test 固pore water pressure 空隙水压力porosity 结不排水剪（固结快剪）试验空隙率principal stress 主应力consolidated-drained (slow) shear test 固结不Proctor compaction test 普氏击实试验排水剪（慢剪）试验relative density 相对密度consolidation 固结sand replacement method consolidation coefficient 固结系数灌砂法saturability (saturation degree/percent consolidation settlement 固结沉降saturation) 饱和度consolidation stress 固结应力saturated unit weight 饱和容重continuous grading/gradation 连接级配seepage deformation 收缩试验渗透变形contraction test(shrinkage test)seepage force(seepage pressure) 环刀法core cutter method 渗透力seepage line 蠕变曲线渗透线creep curveseepage speed 渗透速度critical slope 逸出坡降（临界坡降）shear stress 达西定律切向应力（剪应力）Darcy's lawshrinkage limit 固结度degree of consolidation 缩限skip(gap/jump) grading 自由膨胀率间断级配degree of free swellingspecific gravity of soil particle direct shear test 直接剪切试验土粒比重steady seepage field 稳定渗流场反复直剪强度试direct shear test of reiterationstress path 验应力路径total strength envelope 总强度包线distribution curve 分布曲线triaxial compression test 三轴压缩试验流土drift soil (shifting soil/mass flow)unconfined compression strength effective angle of inner friction 有效内摩擦角无侧限抗压强度effective strength envelope 有效强度包线unconsolidated undrained test 不固结不排水expansion force 膨胀力剪（快剪）试验膨胀率expansion ration(specific expansion)variable head method filtering flow(seepage flow) 渗流变水头法void(pore) ratio 孔隙比细粒土fine-grained soilwater replacement method 流网灌水法flow net(drift net)wet density hydraulic slope 湿密度水力坡降其它建筑材料hydrometer method 比重计法钢筋（steel ）常水头法hydrostatic head methodbending and unbending 反复弯曲limit equilibrium state 极限平衡状态cold bending test 冷弯试验液化liquefactionelongation test 液限拉伸试验liquid limitnominal diameter liquidity index 公称直径液化指标ratio of elongation maximum dry density 最大干密度伸长率relaxation test method of sieving 筛分法松弛试验steel strand 莫力应力圆钢绞线Mohr's stress circletensile yield strength 拉伸屈服强度库伦破坏莫尔Mohr-coulomb failure criteria -ultimate tensile strength 极限抗拉强度准则木材（Wood法向应力（正应力）normal stress ）curshing strength paralled to the oedometer curve 压缩曲线grain 最优含水量optimum moisture content 顺纹抗压强度tensile strength paralled to the piping 管涌grain plastic limit 顺纹抗拉强度塑限crushing strength across th eplasticity index 塑性指标...Ordovician period (system) 奥陶纪（系）grain 横纹抗压强度Silurian period (system) tensile strength across to the 志留纪（系）Devonian period (system) 泥盘纪（系）grain 横纹抗拉强度Carboniferous period (system) 石碳纪（系）沥青（Asphalt）Permian period (system) 二叠纪（系）brittle temperature test 脆化点试验Triassic period (system) expansion test 延伸度试验三叠纪（系）Jurassic period (system) 针入式试验penetration test 侏罗纪（系）Cretaceous period (system) 白垩纪（系）softening point test 软化点试验Tertiary period (system) 第三纪（系）test of aging 老化试验Quaternary period (system) 第四纪（系）viscosity test 粘滞性试验地质构造（Geologic Structural）Quality Management）质量管理（fault 断层average 平均值normal fault 正断层deviation standard(error of meanreversed fault 逆断层squares) 均方差parallel fault 平移断层deviation coefficient(dispersiongouge 断层泥coefficient) 离差系数stria 擦痕相关系数index of correlationjoint 节理management limit 管理界限primary joint 原生节理mathematic statistics 数理统计secondary joint 次生节理maximum 最大值tension joint 最小值minimum 张节理unloading joint normal distribution 正态分布卸荷节理schistosity 片理quality assurance 质量保证bedding 层理quality examination 质量检测foliation 板理（叶理）回归曲线regression curveripple mark 相对湿度波痕relative dampnessmud crack sample capacity 泥痕样本容量rain print 雨痕sampling frequency 取样频率orientation of bedrock 岩层产状样品specimenstrike 走向statistical analysis 统计分析dip 技术规范technical specification 倾向angle of dip (dip angle ) technical standard 技术标准倾角fold 褶皱试验环境testing circumstanceanticline 背斜testing error 试验误差syncline 向斜试验规程testing regulation Monocline (homocline) 方差分析单斜variance analysisdome ◆地质穹隆(Geology)soft stratum 地质年代（软弱岩层Geochronology of Geologiczone of fracture(broken zone ) ）Ages破碎带affected zone 影响带Archaeozoic era (erathem) 太古代（界）元古代（界）Proterozoic era (erathem) 板状构造platy structurePalaeozoic era (erathem) 古生代（界）cleavage 解理中生代（界）fracture(rupture) 断裂Mesozoic era (erathem)裂隙新生代（界）Cenozoic era (erathem) fissure(crack/fracture)震旦纪（系）Sinian period (system) ）Rock type岩石类型（Cambrian period (system) 寒武纪（系）岩石学petrology...quartzite 石英岩igneous rock 火成岩marble 岩浆岩大理岩magmatic rockmylonite 糜棱岩lava(vocanic rock) 火山岩migmatite 混合岩intrusive (invade) rock 侵入岩cataclasite 碎裂岩effusive rock 深成岩sediment(deposit) pypabussal rock 浅成岩沉积物（层）boulder 漂石、顽石acid rock 酸性岩cobble 卵石inter-mediate rock 中性岩gravel 砾石basic rock 基性岩sand 砂ultrabasic rock 超基性岩siltstone 粉土granite 花岗岩clay 黏土porphyry 斑岩sandy clay rhyolite 砂质黏土玢岩clayey sand 流纹岩粘质砂土syenitesandy loam trachyte 粗面岩壤土、亚黏土regolith ( topsoil ) 浮土、表土diorite 闪长岩loess andesite 安山岩黄土laterite 辉长岩红土gabbropeat basalt 玄武岩泥炭ooze 软泥、海泥aplite 细晶岩造岩矿物（伟晶岩pegmatite Rock-formingMinerals）lamprophyre 煌斑岩talc 滑石辉绿岩diabasegypsum dunite 橄榄岩石膏calcite 方解石浮岩pumicefluorite 萤石sedimentary rock 沉积岩apatite 碎屑岩clastic rock 磷灰石feldspar 长石clay rock 黏土岩quartz 石英化学岩chemical rocktopaz biolith 生物岩黄玉corundum 刚玉砾岩conglomeratediamand 金刚石siltstone 粉砂岩orthoclase 正长石泥岩mudstoneplagloclase 页岩斜长石shalebiotite 黑云母盐岩saline rockmuscovite limestone 石灰岩白云母amphibole 白云岩dolomite 角闪石phroxene marl 泥灰岩辉石olivine 火山角砾岩volcanic breccia 橄榄石dolomite 火山块集岩volcanic agglomerate 白云石tuff 凝灰岩高岭石kaolinitemontmorillonite 蒙脱石变质岩metamorphic rock斑脱石、膨润土bentonite 板岩slate千枚岩phyllite 伊力石illiteschist 片岩石榴子石garnetgneiss 片麻岩绿泥石chlorite...serpentine 蛇纹石streak 条痕rent/fracture 断口pyrite 黄铁矿crystal form 晶形hematite 赤铁矿岩石学(Petrology) 磁铁矿magnetiteclassification 褐铁矿分类limonitestructure 构造应力工程地质（Engineering Geology）texture 结构Geotechnics ( geotechnique) 土工学（土工技fabric 组构术、岩石工程）mineral composition 矿物组成rock mechanics 岩石力学crystalline 结晶质soil mechanics 土力学amorphous substance geomechanics 地质力学、岩石力学非晶质fossil engineering geological 化石degree of rounding 工程地质条件conditons 磨圆度degree of grains 工程地质问题粒度engineering geological problem地层地貌(Stratum andPhysiognomy) rock mass structure 岩体结构basin 盆地geographic and geomorphic conditions 地形river valley 河谷地貌条件river bed 河床geophysical phenomenon 物理地质现象topography 地形水文地质条件hydrogeological conditionsterrain 天然材料地势natural materialsattitude reservoir 水库产状rock base ( batholite) 岩基settlement 沉降rock stock 岩株位移displacementrock flow deformation 变形岩流rock loccolith 岩盖构造应力tectonic stressrock lopolith 岩盆residual stress 残余应力rock dike 岩墙内摩擦角angle of internal frictionrock sill 岩床cohesion 内聚力（粘聚力、凝聚力）vein dyke 岩脉压力隧洞pressure tunnel sediment(deposit) underground cavern/cavity 地下洞室沉积物（层）alluvium 冲积物（层）覆盖物overburdenproluvium(diluvium) 洪积物（层）bed rock(base rock/foundation rock) 基岩deluvium 坡积物（层）坚硬岩石firm/sound rockeluvium 残积物（层）weak/soft rock 软弱岩石eolian deposit 夹层interbed 风积物（层）lake deposit 破碎带湖积物（层）zone of fracture (broken zones )marine deposit homogeneity 海积物（层）均质性glacial (drift) deposit nonhomogeneity/heterogeneity 非均质性冰川沉积物（层）colluvial deposit (colluvium) isotropy 各向同性崩积物（层）交错层cross-bedding anisotropy 各向异性地质构造geologic structure (Physical Character of 矿物质的物理性质geotectonics Minerals)大地构造学地堑graben 硬度hardness地垒光泽luster horst颜色color 整合cordance(conformity)transparencey/pellucidity 透明度非整合discordance(unconformity)...。
水利系统英语
水利系统英语水利系统是指用来管理、控制和利用水资源的系统，包括水库、水电站、水坝、渠道、泵站等设施。
在水利工程领域，英语是一种重要的工作语言。
本文将介绍与水利系统相关的英语词汇以及常用的表达方式。
水资源•Water resources: 水资源•Surface water: 地表水•Groundwater: 地下水•Water conservation: 水资源保护•Water management: 水资源管理•Water scarcity: 水资源短缺•Water cycle: 水循环水利设施•Reservoir: 水库•Dam: 水坝•Canal: 渠道•Pumping station: 泵站•Irrigation system: 灌溉系统•Flood control system: 防洪系统•Hydropower station: 水电站•Water treatment plant: 水处理厂水利工程•Hydrology: 水文学•Hydraulic engineering: 水利工程•Dam construction: 水坝建设•Irrigation management: 灌溉管理•Flood forecasting: 洪水预报•Water quality monitoring: 水质监测•Sedimentation control: 沉积物控制•Water distribution: 供水相关表达方式•Release water: 放水•Flood control measures: 防洪措施•Water supply and demand: 供需关系•Water storage capacity: 蓄水能力•Water diversion: 调水•Water reuse: 水资源再利用•Water pollution prevention: 水污染防治•Water allocation: 水资源配置实际应用•Water system design: 水系统设计•Water resource planning: 水资源规划•Water project management: 水利工程管理•Hydraulic modeling: 水力模型•Water testing and analysis: 水质测试与分析•Hydroelectric power generation: 水力发电•Drainage system construction: 排水系统建设•Water supply network: 供水网络以上是关于水利系统英语的一些常用词汇和表达方式。
英语专业名词(水利方面)
英语专业名词(水利方面)hydrosphere水体water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology地表水surface water地下水groundwater水汽water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements降水precipitation雨季rainy season雪snow积雪snow cover初雪first snow终雪latest snow融雪snowmelt冰雹hail截留interception填洼depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发evaporation from soil散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration蒸发能力evaporation capability下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff降雨径流rainfall runoff暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff枯季径流dry season runoff基流base flow洪水flood阴塞高压blocking high低空急流low－level jet低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm 台风typhoon气团air mass锋（锋面）front天气weather气象meteorology气候climate气候区划climatic regionalization 气候带climatic zone气候变化climatic change小气候microclimate热带tropic zone副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone 比湿specific humidity风wind风向wind direction风速wind speed蒲福风级Beaufort wind scale露dew露点dew point雾fog霜frost霜点frost point初霜first frost终霜latest frost霜冻frostbite无霜期frost－free period流域watershed (basin)流域面积（集水面积）drainage area闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non－enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域特征basin characteristics流域几何特征basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头河）captured river盈水河gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream地下暗河（地下河）underground river 界河boundary river国际河流international river废河道（古河道）dead river岸bank左岸left bank右岸right bank凹岸concave bank凸岸convex bank岸壁land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长river length河弯river bend弯曲率tortuosity航道navigable channel河段reach上游upstream潜洲submerged bar深潭deep pool水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non－uniform flow 急流supercritical flow缓流subcritical flow异重流density current临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity临界流量critical discharge水头head位置水头（位能）elevation head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数Reymold number韦伯数Weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周wetted perimeter水力半径hydraulic radius宽深比width－depth ratio中泓线midstream of channel深泓线Thatweg落差fall瀑布waterfall波浪wave驻波standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics河流泥沙river sediment泥沙特征property of sediment土壤侵蚀soil erosion水力侵蚀water erosion山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域侵蚀basin erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量ion discharge矿化度mineral content盐度salinityPH值ph value碱度alkalinity酸度acidity酸雨acid rain电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non－carbonate hardness 硬水hard water浮冰floating ice锚冰anchor ice封冻期freeze－up period封冻（封河）freeze－up平封flat freeze－up立封upright freeze－up冰盖ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰丘ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freeze－up清沟lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰脊ice ridge冰缝crack悬冰suspended ice cover冰堆ice pack冰塞ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break－up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water 月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮astronomic tide气象潮metorologic tide潮汐周期tidal cycle半日潮semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide混合潮mixed tide大潮spring tide小潮neap tide中潮moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise落潮历时duration of tidal fall潮流tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current落潮流ebb tidal current憩流slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水径流groundwater runoff地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water－table contour map 含水层aquifer含水岩系water－content rock series含水岩组water－content rock formation含水岩性water－content rock property含水介质water－hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界permeable boundary隔水边界confining boundary弱透水边界acquitted boundary透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数(释水系数）coefficient of transmissivity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water－holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient田间持水量field capacity毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法zero flux plane method潜水phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给surface water recharge凝结水补给condensation recharge侧向补给lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量phreatic water overflow to surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深buried depth of phreatic water level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake咸水湖salt lake盐湖saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流lake current梯度流gradient current漂流current of friction湖浪lake wave湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊资源lake resources湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake 湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake 岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometric parameter of lake 高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire 沼泽水文mire hydrology沼泽水量平衡water balanceof mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire沼泽含水性moistureproperty of mire沼泽持水性water retention of mire沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰川glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad－tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰原ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct－reading instrument自记仪器automatic－recording instrument遥测仪器remote telemetry unit传感器sensor固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间mean time between failures 相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站hydraulic experimental station基准水文站bench mark hydrologic station水文气象站hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout站网分析network analysis站网检验network examination站网优化network optimization站网调整network adjustment站网密度network density现实密度real density可用密度usable density容许最稀站网minimum network设站年限station required age水文信息hydrologic information水文效益hydrologic benefit基面datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross－section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross－section流速仪测流断面current－meter measuring cross－section 浮标测流断面float measuring cross－section比降水尺断面slope measuring cross－section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging cross－section临时测流断面temporary measuring cross－section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand－operating cableway主索main cable循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索cableway for anchoring boat缆道测验仪cableway measuring device水文测船hydrometric boat水文测桥hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry 雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping－bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long－term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder测雨雷达precipitation－monitoring radar雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation 遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿）small evaporation panE－601型蒸发器evaporation pan of type E－601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计float－type stage recorder压力式水位计pressure－type stage recorder超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact－type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder自记水位计台stage recorder installation静水井stilling well水深depth测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深mean depth at a cross－section干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity－measuring vertical垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断面平均流速cross－section velocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient中泓流速surface velocity coefficient流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断面流速分布cross－section velocity distribution 水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺流downstream flow逆流upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow－direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current－meter转子式流速仪rotating－element current－meter旋杯式流速仪cup－type current－meter旋桨式流速仪propeller－type current－meter电波流速仪electric wave current－meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile current－meter 多普勒流速仪Doppler current－meter参证流速仪reference current－meter流量计flow meter文杜里水流计Venturi flow meter毕托管Pitot tube流速仪检定current－meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage浮标float水面浮标surface float小浮标small float双浮标double float浮杆float－rod堰顶高程elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure 闸门开启高度gate opening行近河槽approach channel行近流速approach velocity堰流weir flow流态flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half－submerged flow孔流sluice flow射流jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilution method for discharge measurement 示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背景浓度background concentration solution稀释比dilution ratio推移质输沙率测验bed load discharge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬移质采样器suspended sediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器time－integrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter 光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter 振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter 推移质采样器bed load sampler网式采样器basket－type sampler吸管pipet光电颗分仪photoelectric particle size meter比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮凝flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter平均粒径mean particle diameter等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三轴平均粒径triaxial mean particle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain－size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain－size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grain－size distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain－size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross－section控制断面control cross－section消减断面attenuation cross－section水样保存water－sample preservation检出率detected ratio超标率over－limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice－regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed－point ice thickness measurement 冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice－regime charta初冰日期first－ice date封冰日期freeze－up date解冻日期break－up date终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze－up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open－water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath－velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity－hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库蓄水量reservoir storage水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage水库蓄水变率rate of reservoir storage change坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水库淤积测量reservoir sedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross－section survey淤积形态morphology of reservoir deposition淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤积物密度dry density of reservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologic investigation in karst areas 实际地表集水面积actual surface colleting area交换水量exchange water沙量调查silt－quantity investigation水质调查water quality investigation调查区investigation zone水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology 代表流域representative basin实验流域experimental basin相似流域similar basin径流实验研究experimental research in runoff径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation 蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination电算整编processing by computer水文年鉴water year－book测站考证station examination站年station year平均值mean value极值extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value 径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus径流系数runoff coefficient洪峰flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙量sediment runoff输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage－discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流量过程线法discharge hydrograph method潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一潮推流法method of discharge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single－valuedprocessing of stage－discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单断沙关系index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation单断沙关系曲线法index and cross－section aerage sediment concentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratio of index and cross－section average sediment concentration relation curve method单断沙比过程线法hydrograph method of index and cross－section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrograph method of index sediment concentration自由度degree of freedom真值true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value误差error绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error系统误差systematic error允许误差permissible error平均误差mean error最大误差（极限误差）maximum error伪误差（粗差）spurious方差variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差adjustment精确度（总精度）accuracy精密度precision准确度correctness垂线抽样误差（M型误差）measuring vertical sampling error 数据库data base分布式数据库distributed type data base集中式数据库concentrated type data base网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base关系数据库relation data base数据模型data model关系数据模型relation data model层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结点node数据处理data processing数据存贮data storage数据检索data retrieval数据输入data input数据输出data output数据库文件data base file水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库hydrologic basic data base湖泊水文预报hydrologic firecasting of lake施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报tidal prediction泥沙预报sediment forecasting旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time短期水文预报short－term hydrologic forecasting中长期水文预报medium and long－term hydrologic forecasting超长期水文预报extended long－term hydrologic forecasting预报误差forecast error作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme确定性系数deterministic coefficient汛seasonal flood春汛spring flood伏汛summer flood秋汛autumn flood汛期flood season防汛flood defence报汛站flood－reporting station报汛站网flook－reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station 汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network 洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形Thiessen polygon等雨量线法isohyetal method产流runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线）infiltration capability curve 初损initial losses后损（后渗）continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration 地下汇流groundwater flow concentration汇流曲线flow concentration curve流域汇流曲线basin flow concentration curve坡面汇流曲线overland flow concentration curve河网汇流曲线river network flow concentration curve地下汇流曲线groundwater flow concentration curve流域汇流时间basin flow concentration time洪峰滞时peak time lag流域滞时basin time lag等流滞时isochrone单位线unit hydrograph经验单位线empiricat unit hydrograph综合单位线synthetic unit hydrograph瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph地貌瞬时单位线geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph坡地单位线slope unit hydrograph河网单位线river network unit hydrographS－曲线S－curve无因次单位线dimensionless unit hydrograph退水曲线recession curve水文模型hydrologic model水文物理模型（水文实体模型）hydrophysical model比尺模型scale model比拟模型analogue model水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model水文概念模型physically－based hydrologic mathematic model水文数学物理模型deterministic hydrologic model确定性水文模型stochastic hydrologic model分散式模型distributed model集总式模型lumped model线性水温模型linear hydrologic model非线性水文模型nonlinear hydrologic model时不变水文模型time－invariant hydrologic model时变水文模型time－variant hydrologic model流域水文数学模型hydrologic mathematic model of watershed模型结构model structure模型参数model parameter模型误差model error模型率定model calibration模型检验model verification水文模拟hydrologic simulation遥测终端机telemetry terminal meter中继机relay meter前置通信控制机preset communication controller自报式系统self－reporting system查询－应答式系统polling－answerback system混合式系统mix system时分制遥测系统time－division telemetry system频分制遥测系统frequency－division telemetry system误码率probability of word error接受率receiving probability数据收集平台data collection platform水文计算（水文分析计算）hydrologic computation设计站design station设计流域design watershed代表站representative station参证站bench－mark station典型年（代表年）typicyear水文系列hydrologic series同步系列synchronous series系列代表性series representativeness柱状图histogram诺谟图monogram输沙量计算（固体径流计算）computation of sediment runoff水库回水计算computation of reservoir backwater水库淤积计算computation of reservoir sedimentation水库下游河道冲刷计算computation of degradation belowreservoir溃坝洪水计算evaluation of dam break flood感潮河段水力计算hydraulic calculation for tidal reach水文统计hydrologic statistics总体population样本sample样本容量sample size随机变量random variable随机系列random series累计频率（频率）cumulative frequency经验频率empirical frequency水文频率分布曲线（水文频率曲线）hydrologic frequency distribution curve皮尔逊分布Pearson distribution对数正态分布log normal distribution频率分析frequency analysis随机模拟stochastic simulation时间序列time series随机水文分析hydrologic stochastic analysis趋势项trend term周期项cycle term随机项stochastic term调和分析（谐波分析）harmonic analysis潜分析spectrum analysis噪声noise回归分析（相关分析）regression analysis相关系数correlation coefficient自回归分析autoregression analysis逐步回归分析stepwise regression analysis设计供水design flood溢洪道设计洪水spillway design flood分期设计洪水stage design flood施工设计洪水design flood for construction period 校核洪水check flood实测洪水observed flood调查洪水investigated flood古洪水paleoflood坝址洪水dam－site flood入库洪水reservoir inflow flood分项调查法item－by－item investigation method 降雨径流模型法rainfall－runoff model method蒸发差值法evaporation difference method径流年内分配annual distribution of runoff径流多年变化multiyear variation of runoff丰水期high－water period平水期normal－water period枯水期（枯季）low－flow period丰水年wet year平水年（中水年）normal year枯水年dry year特枯水年extraordinary dry year连续丰水年continuous wet years连续枯水年continuous dry years水文年鉴water year设计暴雨design storm设计雨型design storm pattern暴雨路径storm track暴雨时程分配time distribution of storm暴雨地区分布special distribution of storm暴雨参数等值线storm parametric isoline map 点面换算系数point－area conversion coefficient 点面关系point－area relationship定点定面关系fixedpoint－fixed area relationship可能最大露点probable maximum dew point暴雨移置改正storm transposition correction流域形状改正watershed shape correction水汽改正moisture correction入流障碍改正inflow obstacle correction综合改正synthetic correction暴雨幅合分量convergence component of storm地形增强因子topographic increasing factor等百分数法isopercental method可能最大洪水probable maximum flood涝surface water logging渍subsurface waterlogging排涝surface waterlogging control排渍subsurface waterlogging control排涝规划waterlogging control planning排涝标准standard for waterlogging control排涝计算computation of waterlogging control设计排涝流量design discharge for surface drainage设计排渍流量design drainage discharge of subsurfacewaterlogging control设计排涝水位design water level for surface drainage水资源危机water resources crisis水荒water famine水能资源（水力资源）waterpower resources河流水能资源waterpower resources of river潮汐水能资源tidal power resources可开发的水能资源developable waterpower resources 水资源评价water resources assessment水资源基础评价water resources basic assessment水量评价water quantity assessment水质评价water quality assessment地表水资源评价surface water resources assessment地下水资源评价groundwater resources assessment水资源评价指标indexes of water resources assessment 水资源总量total amount of water resources地表水资源量surface water resources amount地下水资源量groundwater resources amount可利用量utilizable water地下水可开采量groundwater available yield可供水量available water supply径流调节runoff regulation综合利用水库调节（多目标水库调节）reservoir regulation for comprehensive utilization水库调洪reservoir flood routing水库供水调节reservoir regulation for water supply水电站径流调节runoff regulation of hydropower regulation水库反调节reregulating reservoir水库群调节multi－reservoir regulation径流调节计算computation of runoff regulation时历法（长系列操作法）chronological series method概率法（数理统计法）probability method随机模拟法stochastic simulation method调节周期regulating period目标函数objective function约束方程constraint equation状态变量state variable决策变量decision variable数学规划mathematic programming线性规划linear programming非线性规划nonlinear programming水库防洪调度flood control scheduling of reservoir水库实时调度real－time reservoir scheduling水库群调度multi－reservoir scheduling水库预报调度reservoir scheduling based on forecast抽水蓄能pumped storage水沙调度scheduling of water and sediment水环境water environment水环境要素（水环境基质）water environment elements水环境背景值（水环境本底值）water environmental background value水生态系统aquatic ecosystem化学径流chemical runoff环境用水environmental water环境水文学environmental hydrology环境水力学environmental hydraulics环境水化学environmental hydrochemistry地下水超量开采groundwater overdraft人工补给（人工回灌）artificial recharge地下水降落漏斗groundwater depression cone化学水污染chemical water pollution无机物水污染water pollution by inorganic substances有机物水污染water pollution by organic substances有毒物质水污染water pollution by toxic substances放射性水污染radioactive water pollution热污染thermal pollution生物水污染water pollution by organism富营养化eutrophication赤潮red tide次生水污染secondary water pollution地下水污染groundwater pollution水污染常规分析指标index of routine analysis for water pollution水污染遥感监测remote－sensing monitoring of water pollution污染物pollutant污染物迁移transport of pollutant机械迁移physical transport物理－化学迁移physicochemical transport人为污染源artificial pollution source天然污染源natural pollution source污染源调查investigation of pollution sources污染源控制pollution source control水质参数water quality parameters水质模型water quality model水温模型water temperature model水质生物评价biologic assessment of water quality水环境效益water environmental effect水污染环境效应environmental effect of water pollution水环境影响评价water environmental impact assessment水环境保护water environmental protection水质规划water quality planning河流水质规划river water quality planning水库水质规划reservoir water quality planning水污染综合防治规划planning of comprehensive water pollution control水源保护区protection zone of water source水质管理water quality management水污染源管理water pollution source management蒸发evaporation径流runoff水位stage流速velocity流量discharge含沙量sediment concentration输沙率sediment discharge水温模型water temperature冰凌ice run水质water quality下垫面underlying surface水文情势hydrologic regime水文效应hydrologic effect水文循环（水循环）hydrologic cycle水量平衡water balance热量平衡heat balance盐量平衡salt balance大气水汽含量atmospheric water vapour content 大气水汽输送atmospheric water vapour transport 水汽输送通量atmospheric water vapour flux雨rain降雨面积rainfall area降雨分布rainfall distribution暴雨洪水storm flood冰凌洪水（凌讯）ice flood冰雪洪水ice－snow melt flood雨雪混合洪水rain and snowmelt flood山洪flash flood溃坝洪水dam－break flood大气环流atmospheric circulation天气形势（环流形势）weather situation天气过程weather process天气系统weather system行星尺度天气系统planetary scale weather system 天气尺度天气系统synoptic scale weather system 中小尺度天气系统meso and micro－scale weather 风暴潮storm surge风暴中心storm center西风槽westerly trough东风波easterly wave低压槽trough高压脊ridge副热带高压subtropic high温带extratropic zone寒带frigid zone。
水利水电工程专业英语词汇和句子
水利水电工程专业英语词汇和句子设计阶段(design stage)河流规划river planning选址selecting damsite预可行性研究pre-feasibility study可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design技施设计tech-construction design招标设计tender design施工详图设计detail construction drawing design 水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layout of hydroproject挡水建筑物water retaining structure取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure水工建筑物(hydraulic structure)水利枢纽hydroproject枢纽布置layout of hydroproject挡水建筑物water retaining structure取水建筑物water intake structure泄水建筑物water release structure输水建筑物water conveyance structure通航建筑物navigation structure过鱼建筑物fish pass structure永久性建筑物permanent structure临时性建筑物temporary structure主坝main dam副坝auxiliary dam坝轴线dam axis坝高high dam坝长length of dam坝顶dam crest坝底dam base坝坡dam slope坝间dam abutment坝踵dam heel坝趾dam toe坝段dam monolith重力坝gravity dam实体重力坝solid gravity dam混凝土重力坝concrete gravity dam碾压混凝土坝roller compacted concrete dam 浆砌石重力坝masonry gravity dam空腹重力坝hollow gravity dam宽缝重力坝slotted gravity dam预应力重力坝prestressed gravity dam溢流重力坝overflow gravity dam灌浆廊道grouting gallery排水廊道drainage gallery检查廊道inspection gallery拱坝arch dam拱轴线centerline of arch单曲拱坝single curvature arch dam双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam抛物线拱坝parabolic arch dam椭圆形拱坝elliptical arch dam薄拱坝thin arch dam重力拱坝gravity arch dam空腹重力拱坝hollow gravity arch dam溢流拱坝overflow arch dam支墩坝buttress dam平板坝flat slab buttress dam大头坝massive-head dam连拱坝mutiple-arch dam土石坝earth-rock dam土坝earth dam均质土坝homogeneous earth dam粘土心墙土石坝clay core earthrock dam沥青混凝土心墙土石坝asphaltic concrete core earth-rock dam ?粘土斜墙土石坝sloping core earth-rock dam沥青混凝土面板土石坝asphaltic concrete facing earth-rock dam ?溢流土石坝overflow earth-rock dam钢筋混泥土面板堆石坝reinforced concrete facing rockfill dam 防浪墙wave wall (parapet)护坡slope protection防渗铺盖impervious blanket棱体排水prism drainage反滤层filter溢洪道spillway开敞式溢洪道open channel spillway正常溢洪道main spillway非常溢洪道emergency spillway陡槽式溢洪道chute spillway虹吸式溢洪道siphon spillway进水渠entrance channel闸门gate泄槽chute跳流鼻坎flip bucket;deflecting bucket 出水渠outlet channel冲刷坑scour hole; washout水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel导流隧洞diversion tunnel泄洪隧洞spillway tunnel发电隧洞power tunnel灌溉隧洞irrigation tunnel放空隧洞emptying tunnel有压隧洞pressure tunnel无压随洞free-flow tunnel不衬砌随洞unlined tunnel排水随洞drainage tunnel涵洞culvert填埋管buried pipeline沟埋管trenched pipeline钢性管rigid pipe柔性管flexible pipe钢筋混凝土管reinforced concrete pipe 塔式进水口tower intake竖井式进水口shaft intake沉沙池sedimentation basin渡槽aqueduct (fiume)倒虹吸管inverted siphon落差建筑物drop structure通航建筑物navigation structure船闸navigation lock (ship lock)多级船闸muti-line lock (mutiple lock)Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a condenser, and its ability to store electrical energy is termed capacitance. 电能可以储存在被一绝缘介质隔开的两块金属板中。
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水利水电工程专业英语词汇施工总平面布置(施工总体布置) construction general layout施工组织Consruction Programming施工组织设计construction planning施工坐标系（建筑坐标系) construction coordinate system湿化变形soaking deformation湿润比percentage of wetted area湿润灌溉wetting irrigation湿室型泵房wet-pit type pump house湿陷变形系数soaking deformation coefficient湿陷起始压力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数（湿陷变形系数) coefficient of collapsibility湿周wetted perimeter十字板剪切试验vane shear test石袋honeycomb时均流速time average velocity时均能量time average energy时效硬化（老化）age hardening (ageing) 时针式喷灌系统(中心支轴自走式系统) central pivot sprinkler system实测放大图surveyed amplification map实腹柱solid column实际材料图primitive data map实时接线分析real time connection analysis 实时控制real—time control实时数据和实时信息real time data and real time information实体坝solid dike实体重力坝solid gravity dam实物工程量real work quantity实验站experimental station实用堰practical weir示流信号器liquid-flow annunciator示坡线slope indication line示误三角形error triangle示踪模型tracer model事故failure （accident）事故备用容量reserve capacity for accident 事故低油压tripping lower oil pressure 事故音响信号emergency signal （alarmsignal）事故运行方式accident operation mode事故闸门emergency gate事故照明accident lighting事故照明切换屏accident lightingchange-over panel势波potential wave势流potential flow势能potential energy势涡（自由涡）potential vortex视差parallax视差法测距（基线横尺视差法）subtense method with horizontal staff视差角parallactic angle视准线法collimation line method视准轴（照准轴) coolimation axis试验处理treatment of experiment试验端子test terminal试验项目Testing item试验小区experimental block试运行test run试运行test run收敛测量convergence measurement收敛约束法convergence—confinement method收缩断面vena—contracta收缩缝(温度缝) contraction joint (temperature joint）收缩水深contracted depth手动[自动]复归manual ［automatic] reset 手动[自动］准同期manual ［automatic］precise synchronization手动调节manual regulation手动控制manual control手动运行manual operation手工电弧焊manual arc welding首曲线（基本等高线）standard contour首子午线（本初子午线,起始子午线）prime meridian受油器oil head枢纽布置layout of hydroproject疏浚dredging输电系统transmission system输电线transmission line输入功率试验input test输沙量sediment runoff输沙率sediment discharge输水钢管steel pipe for water conveyance 输水沟conveyance ditch输水建筑物water conveyance structure输水渠道water conveyance canal鼠道mole drains鼠道犁mole plough鼠笼型感应电动机squirrel cage induction motor竖井定向测量shaft orientation survey竖井贯流式水轮机pit turbine竖井联系测量shaft connection survey竖井排水drainage well竖井式进水口shaf tintake竖轴弧形闸门radial gate with vertic alaxes 数字地面模型digital terrain model（DTM)数字化测图digitized mapping数字通信digital communication数字图像处理digital image processing数字仪表digital instrument甩负荷load dump （load rejection，load shutdown）甩负荷试验load-rejection test (load—shutdowntest）双层布置double storey layout双调节调速器dual-regulation governor双扉闸门double-leaf gate双回线double-circuit line双击式水轮机cross flow turbine,Banki turbine双极高压直流系统bipolar HVDC system双金属标bimetal bench mark双列布置double row layout双母线接线double—bus connection双曲拱坝double curvature arch dam双曲拱渡槽double curvature arch aqueduct 双室式调压室double—chamber surge shaft 双吸式离心泵double-suction pump双向挡水人字闸门bidirectional retaining mitre gate 水泵［水泵水轮机的水泵工况]的反向最大稳态飞逸转速steady state reverse runaway speed of pump水泵比转速specific speed of pump水泵并联扬程曲线head curve of parallel pumping system水泵参数与特性Parameters and characteristics of pump水泵串联扬程曲线head curve of series pumping system水泵的最大［最小］输入功率maximum ［minimum］input power of pump水泵电动机机组Motor-pump unit水泵反常运行pump abnormal operating水泵工况（抽水工况) pump operation水泵工作点（水泵工况点) pump operating point水泵供水water feed by pump水泵机械效率mechanical efficiency of pump 水泵机组pump unit水泵类型Classification of pumps水泵零部件Components of pumps水泵流量pump discharge水泵容积效率volumetric efficiency of pump 水泵输出功率output power of pump水泵输入功率（水泵轴功率）input power of pump水泵水力效率hydraulic efficiency of pump水泵水轮机Pump-turbine水泵无流量输入功率no—discharge power of pump水泵效率pump efficiency水泵扬程(水泵总扬程) total head of pump 水泵站Pumping Station水泵装置pump system水锤（水击）water hammer水锤泵站hydrauli cram pump station水锤波(水击波) wave of water hammer水锤波波速wave velocity of water hammer 水电站Hydroelectric Station水电站（水力发电站）Hydroelectric station （hydroelectric power station）水电站保证出力firm power，firm output水电站厂房(发电厂房) power house水电站厂房的类型Types of power house of hydroelectric station水电站出力power output of hydropower station水电站出力和发电量Power and energy output of hydropower station水电站的水头、流量、水位Waterhead，discharge，water lever of hydropower station水电站发电成本generation cost of hydropower station水电站发电量energy output of hydropower station水电站建筑物hydroelectric station structure 水电站经济指标Economie index of hydropower station水电站类型Types of hydroelectric station水电站引用流量quotative discharge of hydropower station水电站装机容量installed capacity of hydropower station水电站自动化automation of hydroelectric station水跌hydraulic drop水动力学Hydrodynamics水斗bucket水斗式水轮机(贝尔顿式水轮机) pelton turbine水工建筑物hydraulic structure水工建筑物的类别及荷载Classification and load of hydraulic structures水工建筑物级别grade of hydraulic structure 水工金属结构及安装Metal Structures and Their Installation水工隧洞hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞Hydraulic tunnels水工隧洞构造Components of hydraulic tunnel水工隧洞类型Classification of hydraulic tunnels水管冷却pipe cooling水柜water pool水环真空泵liquid ring pump水灰比water-cement ratio 水窖(旱井）water callar（dry wall)水静力学Hydrostatics水库并联运用operation of parallel-connected resertvoir水库测量reservoir survey水库串联运用operation of serial—connected reservoirs水库调度reservoir operation水库调度图graph of reservoir operation水库回水变动区fluctuating back water zone of reservoir水库浸没reservoir immersion水库控制缓洪controlled flood retarding水库库底清理cleaning of reservoir zone水库泥沙Reservoir sediment水库泥沙防治Prevention of sediment水库年限ultimate life of reservoir水库渗漏reservoir leakage水库水文测验reservoir hydrometry水库塌岸bank ruin of reservoir水库特征库容Characteristic capacity of reservoir水库特征水位Characteristic level of reservoir 水库泄空排沙sediment releasing by emptying reservoir水库蓄清排浑clear water impounding and muddy flow releasing水库淹没补偿compensation for reservoir inundation水库淹没处理Treatment of reservoir inundation水库淹没处理范围treatment zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没界线测量reservoir inundation line survey水库淹没区zone of reservoir inundation水库淹没实物指标material index of reservoir inundation水库异重流density current in reservoir水库异重流排沙sediment releasing by density current水库诱发地震reservoir induced earthquake 水库淤积Sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积测量reservoir accretion survey水库淤积极限limit state of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积平衡比降equilibrium slope of sediment deposition in reservoir水库淤积上延（翘尾巴) upward extension of reservoir deposition水库淤积纵剖面longitudinal profile of deposit in reservoir水库滞洪排沙flood retarding and sediment releasing水库自然滞洪free flood retarding水冷式空压机water-cooled compressor水力半径hydraulic radius水力冲填hydraulic excavation and filling水力冲填坝hydraulic fill dam水力冲洗式沉沙池hydraulic flushing sedimentation basin水力粗糙度hydraulic roughness水力粗糙区hydraulic roughness region水力共振hydraulic resonance水力光滑区hydraulic smooth水力机械Hydraulic Machinery水力机械与电气设备HYDRAULIC MACHINERY AND ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT水力机组hydropower unit水力机组测试Measurement and test for hydropower unit水力机组的安装和试运行Installation and starting operation of hydropower unit水力机组调节系统Regulating system of hydropower unit水力机组辅助系统Auxiliary system for hydropower unit水力开挖hydraulic excavation水力坡降(水力比降) hydraulic slope (energy gradient）水力破裂法(水力致裂法）hydro fracturing method水力侵蚀(水蚀) water erosion水力学Hydraulics水力要素（水力参数) hydraulic elements水力指数hydraulic exponent水力自动闸门hydraulic operating gate水力最优断面optimal hydraulic cross section 水利工程经营管理management and administration of water project水利计算Computation of water conservancy 水利区划zoning of water conservancy水利枢纽hydroproject水利水电工程等别rank of hydroproject水利水电工程规划PLANNING OF HYDROENGINEERING水利水电工程技术术语标准Standard of Technical Terms on Hydroengineering水利水电工程勘测SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION FOR HYDROENGINEERING 水利水电工程施工CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING水量分布曲线water distribution curve水流动力轴线（主流线) dynamic axis of flow 水流连续方程continuity equation of flow水流流态State of flow水流阻力和能头损失Flow resistance and head loss水轮泵站turbine-pump station水轮发电机Hydraulic generator水轮发电机hydraulic turbine—driven synchronous generator （hydro-generator) 水轮发电机组Hydraulic turbine—generator unit水轮发电机组hydraulic turbine—generator unit水轮机hydraulic turbine,water turbine水轮机［水泵]额定流量rated discharge of turbine［pump]水轮机安装Installation of hydraulic turbine 水轮机安装高程setting of turbine水轮机保证出力guaranteed output of turbine 水轮机比转速specific speed of turbine水轮机参数和特性Turbine parameters and turbine characteristics水轮机层turbine storey (turbine floor)水轮机的机械效率mechanical efficiency of turbine水轮机的容积效率volumetric efficiency of turbine水轮机的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbine水轮机调节系统turbine regulating system水轮机调节系统静特性试验static characteristic test of regulation system of hydraulic turbine水轮机调速器turbine governor水轮机额定输出功率（水轮机额定出力）rated output of turbine水轮机飞逸转速runaway speed of turbine水轮机工况（发电工况）turbine operation 水轮机空载流量no-load discharge of turbine 水轮机类型Classification of turbines水轮机零、部件Components of hydraulic turbine水轮机流量turbine discharge水轮机模型试验model test of turbine水轮机磨蚀与振动Erosion and vibration of hydraulic turbine水轮机气蚀系数cavitation factor of turbine，cavitation coefficient of turbine水轮机设计水头design head of turbine水轮机试运行Test runof hydraulic turbine水轮机室turbine casing水轮机输出功率（水轮机出力）turbine output 水轮机输入功率turbine input power水轮机水头(水轮机净水头）turbine net head 水轮机吸出水头损失suction head loss of turbine水轮机效率turbine efficiency水轮机压力管道（高压管道）penstock水轮机引水室turbine flume水轮机主轴turbine main shaft水轮机最大输出功率（水轮机最大出力）maximum output of turbine水轮机最高效率maximum efficiency of turbine水面曲线water surface profile水面蒸发量evaporation from water surface 水能waterpower，hydropower水能计算hydropower computation水能开发方式Types of hydropower development水能利用Water power utilization 水能利用规划waterpower utilization planning水能资源（水力资源）waterpower resources，hydropower resources水泥比表面积specific surface of cement水泥罐cement silo水泥水化热hydration heat of cement水泥体积安定性soundness of cement水平底坡horizontal slope水平地质剖面图geological plan水平度levelness水平沟horizontal ditches水平阶地horizontal terraces水平位移工作点operative mark of horizontal displacement水平位移观测horizontal displacement observation水平位移基点datum mark of horizontal displacement水生态学hydrobiology水头water head水头损失head loss水头预想出力expected power，expected output水土保持soil and water conservation水土保持工程措施Soil and water conservation works水土保持规划Planning of soil and water conservation水土保持林业措施Afforestation measures for soil and water conservation水土流失Soilandwaterloss水土流失（土壤侵蚀) soil erosion（soil and waterloss）水位water stage (water level）水位、流速、流量Water stage，flow velocity, flow discharge水位传导系数coefficient of water level conductivity水位调节装置water level regulator水位计water—level gauge水位流量关系曲线stage-discharge relation curve水位信号water-level indicating signal水位站water stage gauging station水文测验hydrometry水文测站hydrometrical station水文测站和站网Hydrometrical station and network水文地质Hydrogeology水文地质基础Basichydrogeology水文地质试验Hydrogeologicaltest水文地质图hydrogeological map水文调查hydrological investigation水文分析计算Hydrological analysis and computation水文观测hydrological observation水文观测Hydrological observation and measurement水文过程线hydrograph水文核技术nuclear technology in hydrology 水文计算Hydrologic computation水文计算及水文预报Hydrological Computation and Forecasing水文空间技术space technology in hydrology 水文模型hydrological model水文年鉴hydrological almanac（hydrological yearbook）水文频率曲线hydrological frequency curve 水文手册hydrological handbook水文统计hydrological statistics水文图集hydrological atlas水文遥测技术hydrological telemetering technology水文要素hydrological data水文预报Hydrological forecast水文站hydrometrical station水文站网hydrological network水文资料整编hydrological data processing水系(河系，河网) hydrographic net(river system)水下爆破under water blasting水下地形测量underground topographic survey水下混凝土浇筑underwater concreting水下接地网under water earthed network水压力hydraulic pressure水跃hydraulic jump 水跃长度length of hydraulic jump水跃高度height of hydraulic jump水跃函数hydraulic jump function水跃消能率coefficient of energy dissipation of hydraulic jump水运动学Hydrokinematics水运动学及水动力学Hydrokinematics and hydrodynamics水闸sluice (barrage）水闸类型Classification of sluices水闸组成部分Components of sluice水质water quality水质标准water quality standard水质监测站water quality monitoring station 水质评价water quality assessment水质污染Water quality pollution水质预报water quality forecast水中起动starting in water水中起动力矩starting torque in water水柱water column水坠坝sluicing siltation earth dam水准测量leveling水准点benchmark水准路线leveling line水准器分划值（水准器角值，水准器格值）scale value of level水准网平差adjustment of leveling network 水准仪(水平仪) level水准仪与经纬仪Leveland theodolite水资源water resources水资源规划water resources planning水资源开发利用Development and utilization of water resources水资源开发利用water resources development税金tax顺坝longitudinal dike (training dike)顺坡(正坡）positive slope顺行波advancing downstream wave顺序控制系统sequential control system顺直型河流straight river瞬动电流instantaneous acting current瞬发雷管（即发雷管) instantaneous blasting cap瞬时沉降(弹性沉降，初始沉降,形变沉降）initial settlement瞬时单位线instantaneous unit hydrograph 瞬时电流速断保护(无时限电流速断保护）instantaneous over current cut-off protection瞬时流速instantaneous velocity瞬态法finite increment method死库容(垫底库容）dead storage死区dead band死水位minimum pool level(dead water level）松动爆破loosening blasting (crumbling blasting）松方loose measure松散系数bulk factor素混凝土（无筋混凝土) plain concrete素图simple map速动时间常数promptitude time constant速度环量velocity circulation速度三角形velocity triangle速凝（瞬时凝结) quick set (flash set）速凝剂accelerator塑料导爆管（传爆管) plastic primacord tube 塑限（塑性限度，塑性界限含水量) plastic limit 塑性铰plastic hinge塑性指数plasticity index溯源冲刷[淤积］backward erosion ［deposition］算术平均粒径arithmetic mean diameter算术平均水头arithmetic average head算术平均效率arithmetic average efficiency 随动系统servo system随动系统不准确度inaccuracy of servosystem 随机波random wave随机性水文模型（非确定性水文模型) stochastic hydrological model碎部点（地形特征点）detail point碎裂结构clastic structure碎屑结构clastic texture隧洞衬砌tunnel lining隧洞导流tunnel diversion隧洞渐变段tunnel transition section隧洞开挖tunnel excavation 隧洞排水tunnel drainage隧洞钻孔爆破法(隧洞钻爆法）drill-blast tunneling method损失容积（死容积）lost volume缩限(收缩界限）shrinkage limit锁坝closure dike锁定装置dog device (latch device,gate lock device)锁锭装置locking device （checking device）它励（它激) separate excitation塔式进水口tower intake踏面rolling face台车式启闭机platform hoist台阶结构面step structural plane台阶掘进法heading and bench method坍落度slump坍落拱collapse arch探槽exploratoryt rench探洞exploratory adit探井exploratory shaft探坑exploratory pit碳素钢(碳钢) carbon steel塘堰pond掏槽孔(掏槽眼）cut hole套管casing pipe套闸(双埝船闸) double dike lock特大暴雨extraordinary rainstorm特大洪水extraordinary flood特高压(特高电压）ultra-high voltage (U。