高考英语 阅读微技能训练 主旨大意(1)
阅读04 阅读理解微技能——主旨大意题-2023年高考英语二轮复习
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之真题引领
30.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之考情分析
年份 2022 2021
2020
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应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文
记叙文·夹叙夹议文 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文
阅读04 阅读理解微技能—主旨大意题之题型分析
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较 好地反映了学生的思维品质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文 章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段落大意、中心思 想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能 力。它既考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此 类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
高中阅读理解微技能——找主旨
Reading Micro SkillsRecognizing text structure & Identifying topics and main ideas Learning Aims：1. Improve reading abilities.2. Know more about the text structures.3. Distinguish between main ideas and supporting details4. Deal with the article from the whole passage.课前导学案Teaching Procedures:Step I ：Lead-inWhat would you do when you are trying to read a passage?ParagraphideasStep II. Learn and ReadExercise 1：Please read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel（建议）parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.1.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?A. E-books are of poor quality.B. It could be a waste of time.C. It may harm children’s health.D. E-readers are expensive.2. After reading the passage, please fill in the blank.Exercise 2: Please read the passage quickly and choose the best answer.Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.1. The main idea of this paragraph is that ______.A.Tom, who had studied at Paris Universities for four years, moved to another university.B. Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C. Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D. Tom received an excellent education.Exercise 3: Please read the passage quickly and finish the task below. 选自人教版必修二Unit5 Reading and Thinking : The Virtual ChoirImagine having the opportunity to sing together with hundreds of other people while you are at home alone. You can do this in a virtual choir. Virtual choir members record themselves while they perform alone on video. These videos are uploaded onto the Internet, and then they are put together into one video that you can see online ---a virtual choir. Anyone can take part in a virtual choir from anywhere --all you need is a video camera and an internet connection. You do not even need a studio. A virtual choir helps connect ordinary people together. Many people do not have close friends or contacts who have the same interest in music. Many others do not have the chance to join a local choir. A virtual choir enables them to add their voices to those of other individuals and become part of the global community. It has proved to be a positive influence on the lives of many people. As one virtual choir member said, “Music helps me to forget my problems. With music, I become someone else.”The virtual choir was the idea of award -winning composer and conductor Eric Whitacre. Born in the USA on 2 January1970, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada in 1988.He fell in love with Mozart’s classical music when he CausationAntecedent （前因） (cause) Consequence （后果） (effect/result) limit electronic readingsang for the university choir. Moved by this music, he said, “It was like seeing color for the first time”. He graduated from university in 1995, and then received a master’s degree in musical composition from the Juilliard school in New York in 1997. Over the next 10 years, Whitacre’s original compositions began to become quite popular among choirs and singers. This led to the creation of the virtual choir.In 2009, Whitacre received a video of a girl who was singing one of his works. Inspired, he asked his fans to make videos, which he then joined together into one performance. His first virtual choir, “Lux Aurumque”, had 185 singers from 12 different countries. It has received millions of views on the Internet. Since then, the virtual choir has become a worldwide phenomenon. Whitacre’s next effort was the Virtual Youth Choir for UNICEF, which was first seen on stage on 23 July 2014 in the UK. Altogether, 2292 young people from 80countries joined in to sing Whitacre’s song “What If”.The virtual choir is a wonderful way for people around the world to sing with one voice and thus make the world a better place.1.Find out the topic of each paragraph.Para1:_______________________________________________________Para2:_______________________________________________________Para3: _______________________________________________________Para4: _______________________________________________________2.Draw a mind map of the passage.课后巩固提升Exercise 1（提高题）：Sandra Day O’Connor（1930-present）When Sandra Day O’Connor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School, in 1952, she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman. She became an Arizona state senator（参议员）and in1981, the first woman to join the U.S. Supreme Court. O’Connor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.1. What is the reason for O’Connor’s being rejected by the law firm?A. Her lack of proper training in law.B. Her little work experience in court.C. The discrimination against women.D. The poor financial conditions.Exercise 2（提高题）：We humans are sweet on sugar. That makes sense. All animals need sugar to live. It’ s the fuel that powers our cells. So it’ s not surprising that we’ re born to want the sweet stuff.Sugar stores the sun’s energy like a battery. After a meal, your body breaks down foods into their building blocks. It uses some sugars for energy right away. The rest get stored for the body to break down later. It’ s a myth that sugar makes you extremely excited, but having a sugary snack can give you a quick burst of energy. That’s because the sugars in sweet foods are easy for your body to tum into fuel. When you eat other kinds of foods, like vegetables, it takes longer for your body to break the sugars down.1.The first two paragraphs are mainly developed by _______A. cause and effect.B. problem and solution.C. giving examples .D. making comparisons.Exercise 3Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War Ⅱ. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spreadof disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.一、提高题1.How does the passage mainly develop?A. By providing examples.B. By making comparisons.C. By following the order of time.D. By following the order of importance.二、挑战题Please read the passage and finish the chart.Exercises 4:（2019.全国卷I:D篇)During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable andthe status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,” he said.一、提高题1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?A. The classification of the popular.B. The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.2. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice-You Won’t Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BeerC. Be the Best-You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness二、挑战题1.Translate the following sentences into English.(1)The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early,are employed ever after in life and work.___________________________________________________________________(2)We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status._____________________________________________________________________________(3)It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, highstatus has just the opposite effect on us._____________________________________________________________________________ 2.Please read the passage and finish the mind map.(No more than three words)Exercises 5:（2020.全国卷II:D篇)I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books aday as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old. It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source（来源）of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港）for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy（盗版行为）and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.一、提高题二、挑战题1.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Reading: A Source of KnowledgeB. My Idea about WritingC. Library: A Haven for the YoungD. My Love of the Library课后巩固提升参考答案Exercise1（提高题）：【1题详解】推理判断题。
英语阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧
阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧教学目标➢ 1. 通过文章中的关键词、句，把握语篇的内容、主旨、作者的观点、态度及意图等。
➢ 2. 让学生掌握一定的阅读理解的解题技巧，提高学生分析问题、解决问题和综合运用英语语言的能力。
➢ 3.培养学生自主学习能力；让学生获得成功感的同时增强对英语阅读的信心。
1.考察写作目的的设问方式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.T he writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers of some information（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关to draw the readers’ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.. 标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage is②The text could be entitled …2. 选择标题的原则①新颖性原则，能够吸引眼球。
高中英语阅读理解微技能优秀课件
例题3 ……
结构：_____总__--_-分___--_-总______________ 主题句：
I_n_fa_c_t,_m__u_si_c_e_du_c_a_ti_o_n_is_b_e_n_e_f_ic_ia_l _an_d__im_p_o_r_ta_n_t_f_or_a_l_l s_t_u_de_n_ts. S_o_m__us_i_c _ed_u_c_a_ti_o_n_is_f_a_r_m_o_r_e_n_e_ce_s_s_ar_y_t_h_an__p_eo_p_l_e_s_ee_m__t_o_re_alize.
阅读理解微技能 主旨大意
主旨大意题主要考查学生在理解全文的根 底上对文章进行高度概括、归纳和总结的 能力。导致解题出错的主要原因在于：无 法从众多的信息中分清主次、定位主题或 归纳出文章的中心思想。因此，解题关键 在于：如何定位文章的主题句，通过主题 句找出文章中心。
解决方法之一：篇章结构法
其实很多文章的结构都很明显。我 们一般采用分析文章篇章结构的方 法找出文章的主题句。根据主题句 在文中出现的位置，我们常把文章 的结构分为3 种，即：分总结构、总 分结构、总分总结构。
What is the main idea of the passage? A. Music education deserves more attention. B. Music should be of top education priority. C. Music is an effective communication tool. D. Music education makes students more imaginative.
例题2 ……
结构：______总__--_-_分________________ 主题句： _H_o_w_e_v_e_r_, _m_a_n_y__ti_m_e_s__m_u_l_ti_t_a_sk_i_n_g_c_a_n_m__a_k_e_u_s_______ _le_s_s_p_r_o_d_u_c_t_iv_e_,_r_a_th_e_r_t_h_a_n__m_o_r_e_…_________________ What is the main idea of the passage? A. Multitasking has become a way of life. B. Multitasking often leads to efficiency decline. C. Multitasking exercises need to be improved. D. Multitasking enables people to remember things better.
高考英语阅读微技能训练1
2．Examples and Classification利用举例和类别 examples: Time Magazine, News Week, … classification: magazines = periodicals 期刊,杂志 examples: TV sets, washing machines, … classification: household appliances 家用电器
5．Repetitiontructures 利用重复的表述或句子结构
before I understood anything, all I could make out was that…, I hadn’t the lightest idea … make out = understand 理解
利用语法知识猜测词义
1．利用定语从句
which are cancer-causing genes 修饰先行词 oncogenes 致癌基因
2．利用同位语
adolescence = the period between childhood
青春期
and adulthood
3．利用关联词语
由however知道dissent是agree的反义词
You’re attractive. 4. Where does Friday come before Thursday?
In the dictionary.
5. It’s yours, but others use it more than you do. What is it? Your name.
作者常使用的标志词语有: example, for example, for instance例如, such as, like, as
【答题技巧】阅读理解微技能(一)理解主旨和要义(2)
【答题技巧】阅读理解微技能（一）理解主旨和要义理解主旨和要义——段落大意题和全文大意题理解语篇的主旨和要义是高考英语阅读理解的考查技能之一。
解答这种类型的题目需要考生具备很强的篇章分析能力。
从考查的题型类别看，理解主旨和要义的题目一般可分为两类：段落大意题和全文大意题。
段落大意题针对语篇的某段或者某几段的主要内容进行提问。
全文大意题针对整个语篇的主题进行提问。
下面我们结合高考真题对这两种题型的解题技巧具体说明。
☆段落大意题解答段落大意题，最关键的是要找到段落主题句。
段落主题句可出现在段首或段尾。
这类文章一般段内层次较为分明，多采用“总—分”或“分—总”结构。
但有时主题句会出现在段落的中间，这时段落结构一般是：细节—主题—细节。
请特别关注段落内起过渡作用的词汇，如however、but、and、also、for example、in conclusion、on the contrary等。
例：（2023年高考英语全国乙卷D篇，保留原题号，下同）If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. How past events should be presented.B. What humanity is concerned about.C. Whether facts speak louder than words.D. Why written language is reliable.【分析】第一段包含两句话。
高考英语阅读理解解题技巧(主旨大意题)
定额市鞍钢阳光实验学校高考阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。
掌握所读材料的主旨和大意也是《英语课程》和《考试说明》对考生的基本要求之一。
只有通过阅读掌握了文章的主题，才能正确理解文章，进而根据文章的事实细节推测作者的态度和观点。
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。
一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。
它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。
【设题类型】1、概括文章大意；2、选出最佳题目（标题）；3、概括人物特点。
【设问形式】1、标题类常见的标题型题干：1) The best title / headline for this passage might be_____________.2) The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.3) What is the best title for the passage?4) Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?2、大意类常见的主题型题干：1) This passage chiefly deals with ____________.2) What’s the topic of the article?3) What is the subject discussed in the text?4) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?考查考生对文章的主题、标题、中心思想的理解程度及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。
高中英语：概要写作微技能之全文主旨归纳
（2）试一试
你能用以上学到的方法归纳下文主旨吗？
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The "standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom and right to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．
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阅读微技能训练3—主旨大意(1)主旨大意题是高考阅读理解的主要题型之一，旨在考查考生对锻炼大意或者文章中心思想的把握和归纳能力。
此类题数量较大，在15个题中约占3-4个。
◆设问特点：1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：1). 中心思想类The main point /idea of the passage is…The passage is mainly about… The passage mainly discusses…The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?2).标题类Which of the following is the best title of the passage?The best title for the passage would be …3).目的类The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …The passage is meant to ….In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…◆技巧点拨：1. 寻找主题句：抓住段落或文章主题的捷径之一就是在段落或文章中寻找主题句。
主题句是指能表达或概况段落主题或文章主要内容的句子，通常是一个简洁、完整、具有概况性的句子，较多出现在说明文和议论文中，而其他句子则围绕着主题句展开进行说明解释或扩展。
主题句在文中的位置:1)开门见山：提出主题----细节支撑阐明主题2)段末点睛：细节描述----归纳要点---概括主题3)段中点旨：细节描述---归纳主题---进一步解释4)无主题句:考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意2. 捕捉关键词：略读是概括和归纳文章或段落大意的基本方法。
略读时要快，把注意力集中在关键词（即实词）上，非关键词（即虚词）则一带而过。
注意出现频率高的词可能是蕴涵中心思想的关键词，分析归纳筛选出最能表达主旨或这这意图的关键词，继而确定文章的主旨大意。
3. 仔细推敲选项：干扰项的特点有：1）“以偏概全”：选项范围太窄，只表达局部信息或某一细节，片面、单一的内容应排除，注意锁定选项中的重点词。
2）“主题扩大”：概括范围太宽，表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。
这种选项可以反过来考虑，若以这个主题，这篇文章可以3）“断章取义”：根据某一句话或者某几句就断然指定段落的大意。
◆技巧操练：例1：Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible diseases (illness) cancers, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example it can give on a “smoker’s cough”. Finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer cancer, smoking is harmful.To think:1. Which sentence is the topic sentence?2. Which sentences are the supporting sentences?3. Which sentence is the concluding sentence?例2：Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot manage without each other. This is so in the corals of the sea. In their skins they have tiny plants which act as "dustman", taking some of the waste products from the corals and giving in return oxygen which the animal needs to breathe. If the plants are killed, or are even prevented from light so that they cannot live normally, the corals will die.1. What does the paragraph mainly discuss?A. Some animals and plants depend on each other for existence.B. Some animals and plants develop their relationship easily.C. Some plants depend on each other for food.D. Some animals live better together.例3：Alaska's ice water teems with fish. Fishing industry is the leading industry. The value of products prepared every year for market is about $ 1000,000,000. This forms the important part of Alaska's wealth.2. The passage deals with_________.A. geography of AlaskaB. fishing industry of AlaskaC. fish market of AlaskaD. Alaska's wealth例4：Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. It requires you to predict what other road users will do and get ready to react to something unexpected , When alcohol is consumed, it enters your bloodstreamand acts as a depressant, damaging eyesight, judgment and co-ordination, slowing down reaction time and greatly increasing the risk of accidents. Even below the drink driving limit, driving will be affected.3. The first paragraph is mainly about_____________.A. the introduction of driving skillsB. the damage of drinking to your bodyC. the effect of drinking on drivingD. the process of alcohol being absorbed例5：Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobodymay look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows "everything" may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. So, it is foolishto try to judge a person only by his appearance.4.The main idea of this passage is that________.A. an innocent person looks more guilty than a professional criminal doesB. the man who knows "everything" may really knows nothingC. we are foolish if we judge a person only by his appearanceD. it is difficult to tell the guilty from the innocent.例6：Camping wild is a wonderful way to experience the natural world and, at it best, it makes little environmental influence. But with increasing numbers of people wanting to escape into the wilderness, it is becoming more and more importantto camp unobtrusively(不引人注目地) and leave no mark.Wild camping is not permitted in many places, particularly in crowded lowland Britain. Wherever you are, find out about organizations responsible for managing wild spaces, and contact them to find out their policyon camping and shelter building. For example, it is fine to camp wild in remote parts of Scotland, but in England you must ask the landowner's permission, exceptin national parks.Camping is about having relaxation, sleeping outdoors, experiencing bad weather, and making do without modern conveniences. A busy, fully-equipped campsite seems to go against this, so seek out smaller, more remote places witheasy access to open spaces and perhaps beaches. Better still, find a campsite withno road access: Walking in makes a real adventure.Finding the right spot to camp is the first step to guaranteeinga good night's sleep. Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on othersand the environment. Try to use an area where people have obviously camped before rather than creating a new spot. When camping in woodland, avoid standing dead trees, Which may fall on a windy night. Avoid animal runs and ca ves, and possible homes of biting insects. Make sure you have most protection on the windward side.If you make a fire, do so downwind of your shelter. Always consider what influenceyou might have on the natural world. Avoid damaging plants. A good campsite is found, not made-changing it should be unnecessary.5. The passage is mainly about ____________.A. the protection of campsitesB. the importance of wild campingC. the human influence on campsitesD. the dos and don'ts of wild camping 例7：Magellan's men were the first to make the trip around the world. It took them more than two years to do so by ship.Magellan was from Portugal, but he sailed for the King of Spain. On September 20, 1519, he left Spain with five ships and 240 men. After passing the tip of Sout h America, they reached the Pa cific Ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. Very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. Many of them died of hunger and diseases. They even had to live on sawdust. Fin ally in April 1521, Magellan got to the Philippine Islands, where he was killed. His men fled and continued th eir voyage across the Indian Ocean. It was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the Cape of Good Hope. By the time they returned to Spain on December 21, 1521, seven out of every eight men had died.Magellan's voy age proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.6.Which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?A. Magellan's DeathB. Going Around The WorldC. The World Is RoundD. Magellan's Voyage例8：Reading to dogs is an unusual way to help children improve their literacy skills. With the ir shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence, according to Intermountain Therapy Animals (ITA) in Salt Lake City. The group says it is the first program in the country to use dogs to help develop literacy in children, with the introduction of Reading Education Assistance Dogs (READ).The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on the idea. “Literacy specialists admit that children who read below the level of their fellow pupils are often afraid of reading aloud in a group, often have lower self-respect, and regard reading as a headache,” said Lisa Myron, manager of the children’s department.Last November the two groups started “ Dog Day Afternoon” in the children’s department of the main library. About 25 children attended each of the four Saturday-afternoon classes, reading for half an hour. Those who attended three of the four classes received a “pawgraphed” book at the last class. The programwas so successful that the library plans to repeat it in April, accor ding to Dana Thumpowsky, public relations manager.①What is mainly discussed in the text?A. Children’s reading difficulties.B. Advantages of raising dogs.C. Service in a public libraryD. A special reading program.②Specialists use dogs to listen to children reading because they think ___.A. dogs are young children’s best friendsB. children can play with dogs while readingC. dogs can provide encouragement for shy childrenD. children and dogs understand each other③By saying “ The Salt Lake City Public Library is sold on this idea”,the writer means the library______.A. uses dogs to attract childrenB. accept the idea put forward by ITAC. has opened a children’s departmentD. has decided to train some dogs④A “pawgraphed” book is most probably ______.A. a book used in Saturday classesB. a book written by the childrenC. a prize for the childrenD. a gift from parents。