8家点评中、高级口译翻译试题

8家点评中、高级口译翻译试题
8家点评中、高级口译翻译试题

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2006 年上半年上海市英语高级口译资格证书英译汉试题分析点评 一、 本次英译汉文章的主题是关于美国城市的交通现状。因为题材比较普遍, 故考生总体翻译较好。 二、 本篇英译汉文章的结构分为三个层次:
1. 第一层次包括三句,指出美国公众对美国城市交通现状的不满。第一句为单 句结构,基本结构为:“The view is to decry.”第二句亦为单句结构,译时 注意:“be filled with”, "at great length" 的短语。第三句须注意被动语 态及比较级。 2. 第二层次说明个人遭遇的交通危机个案,举例纽约、波士顿、芝加哥及美国 中西部地区,考生只要根据通顺、连贯、达意的翻译原则,基本上都能将大意译 出。
3. 第三层次分析了造成美国交通现状不尽如人意的两个原因: 第一个原因在于 期望的落空,注意关键结构“One reason lies in failure to meet anticipa tion.”另一个难点在于拉丁文字“status quo.”但根据上下文连贯分析猜断, 意思很容易理解,考生也不会因此而失分。第二个原因在于改进的程度达不到民 众的期待。注意 inferior to 短语的翻译。考生容易译错的倒是“fashion”一 词,许多考生直译为时尚,普遍因此而失分。 三、 英译汉原文及参考答案: 1、原文: The popular view when discussing urban transportation in American cit ies today is to decry its sorry state. Newspaper and journals are fil led with talk of "urban transportation crisis," of the "difficulties of getting from here to there, " and so on at great length. // Everyone has his own favorite traumatic experience to report: of the occasion when many of the switches froze on New York's commuter railr oads; of the sneak snowstorm in Boston that converted thirty-minute c ommuter trips into seven hour ordeals; of the extreme difficulties in Chicago and other Midwestern cities when some particularly heavy and successive snowstorms were endured.// One reason for the talk of an urban transportation crisis in the Unit ed States today perhaps lies in a failure to meet anticipations. Many commuters expected to reduce their commuting times as systems improv ed, but instead found themselves barely able to maintain the status q uo in terms of time requirements./ Another reason for talk of crisis, almost certainly, is the rate of improvement in the performance of u rban transportation systems during rush hours has been markedly infer ior to that expected during off-peak hours. Specifically, the ability
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to move quickly about American cities during non-rush hours has impr oved in a truly phenomenal fashion.// 2、参考译文: 人们议论起今天美国城市的交通,普遍都对其混乱不堪的状况持公开批评的观 点。报纸和杂志充斥着谈论“城市交通危机”、“行路难”及诸如此类的话题。 据报道,(交通)问题越来越糟,而且每况愈下的速度非常之快。 每个人都有自己喜欢向人叙说的可怕经历:纽约市郊铁路上的许多道岔(被)卡 /冻住了;波士顿突然遭遇暴风雪,使得 30 分钟短途(旅程)变成了(令人难以 忍受的)7 小时的煎熬;当几场特大暴风雪连续降临时,芝加哥和其它中西部城 市之间的交通变得极其困难。 人们谈论当今美国城市交通危机的一个原因,或许在于(他们的)期望未能得到 满足。随着交通系统的改进,许多依赖公共交通出行的上班族期望能够缩短上下 班来回时间,到头来却发现在交通上所花的时间几乎没有减少。人们谈论交通危 机的另一个原因,几乎可以肯定的是,高峰时段城市交通系统功能的改进程度明 显不如非高峰时段人们所期待的改进程度。确切地讲,在非高峰时间美国城市间 快速通行的能力的确有了显著的改善。
上海市英语中级口译资格证书 2006 年上半年英译汉试题分析点评
一、 本篇英汉翻译文章的主题为公共健康问题。因为涉及公共卫生领域,故出 现一些医疗卫生方面的词汇, 许多考生可能平时接触较少, 故翻译的准确性不够, 漏译也较多。 二、 本篇英译汉文章的结构分为三个层次:
1. 第一层次为第一自然段,包括两句,讲述肥胖症及其危害严重性,第一句基 本结构为: “obesity has become issue", which 引导的是非限制性定语从句, 外加“more...than”比较级结构,单词“scourge" 译出的考生不到 5%,但只 要考生对本句做了通顺连贯的翻译,基本不失分,考核的意义在于考生对生词的 处理技巧。单词“obesity”有 30%的考生未能根据上下文进行正确的猜测,事 实上根据第二段原文猜出“obesity”应该有 95%以上的可能性。生词“malaria” 就比较难根据上下文如“obesity”来猜,也不像“scourge”可以不做处理,乱 译情况频频皆是:如译成“海啸、禽流感、癌症、霍乱、麻风病、疯牛病、天花、 瘟疫、结核病、高血压、糖尿病、心胶痛等等,但译出“疟疾”者不到 1%,但 这一单词漏译或者错译一般不失分。但第二句中“epidemic”居然也有 40%的考 生未能译出或乱译成:“学术问题,杀虫剂、抗菌素、病毒等等实属不该,说明 考生平时对公共健康题材方面的文章接触太少,缺乏必要的知识积累。
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2. 第二层次为两句,指出人们减肥的可能性,注意“combined with”尤其是“p ut sth. off”短语的翻译。
3. 第三层次包括三句,指出控制体重应采取政府行为来做出更有效的努力。这 一层次中的第一句中注意让步状语从句;第二句中注意“piling on the pound s”短语的准确翻译;第三句中“why”引导的是表语从句,而“that”引导的定 语从句用来修饰“consensus” 。 三、 英译汉原文及参考答案: 1、 原文 As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world's bi ggest public-health issue today----the main cause of heart disease, w hich kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Since the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic" in 2000, repo rts on its fearful consequences have come thick and fast.// Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade p eople to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Poss ibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history.// But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a centur y's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are s till piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.// 2. 参考译文 作为现代社会的一个祸害,肥胖已成为当今世界最大的公共健康问题。肥胖是引 起心脏病的主要原因,现今因心脏病致死的人数已超过死于艾滋病、疟疾、战争 的人数。自从世界卫生组织于 2000 年将肥胖(症)定为“流行病”以来,已经 连篇累牍地发表了有关肥胖症引起可怕后果的报告。 对肥胖症发出的公共卫生警示,加上传媒宣传所形成的压力,是否会像最终促使 烟民们戒烟那样,说服人们去减肥呢?这有可能。在富裕国家,健康食品的销量 正在大幅上升,而且新的数据表明,在过去的一年美国人的体重有史以来首次略 有下降。 但是即使美国人是瘦了一点, 美国要解决因半个世纪以来饮食过度而造成的健康 问题,还需要许多年时间。况且,在世界各地,人们的体重仍在增加。这就是为 什么现在医生们一致认为各国政府应采取措施来制止(人们发胖)。
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(2006 年中级口译)汉译英阅卷后感 上海外国语大学继续教育学院 上海外国语大学外语培训中心 贾丹
2006 年 3 月份的中高级口译资格证书第一阶段的考试创下了报考人数历年 第一的记录。考生们的热情证实了口译资格证书的含金量,反映了同学们对知识 的渴求。但紧张严谨的阅卷工作结束后,我们遗憾地发现在汉译英部分出类拔萃 的考生并不多。大部分考生处于 27-34 分(总分 50 分)之间,获得 40 分以上的 考生寥寥。 下面,就考生本次汉译英部分的主要失分点做一些分析:
一.
未能准确把握考试时间
阅卷时,我们发现有一部分同学没有完成翻译。这并不是因为他们能力欠缺 无法完成, 而是很明显地因为时间不够,来不及完成。 因此,在这里又要提到如何充分准确地把握考试时间。一般我们建议考生至 少留出 30 分钟用于汉译英。先花大约 5 分钟时间通读全文,把握文章整体思想 和基调; 再用 2-3 分钟在自己认为的难点和重点处做适当记号, 理顺段落的层次; 这样就可以动笔进行翻译了。翻译时,不提倡打草稿,所以考生应尽量想清楚再 落笔,保持卷面的整洁。翻译结束后再花 2-3 分钟从头浏览一遍,进行复查。
二.考题失分点分析 (2006 年 3 月汉译英考题) 上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市,改革开放以来, 上海变化之大令世人瞩目。经济高速发展,社会秩序稳定,人民安居乐业,呈 现出一片繁华气象。 今天,尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以留恋和回味,但城市日新月 异的面貌却使越来越多的世人折服。浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月,浦东展现了
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上海的美好前景。上海就像一轮红日,光芒四射,鲜艳夺目。上海的明天充满 希望。 下面,我们从部分考生的答案着手,思考如何翻译。
(1)上海是一座朝气蓬勃、充满活力、多姿多彩的国际大都市,改革开放 以来,上海变化之大令世人瞩目。 分析:对于中级口译教材熟悉的考生可能觉得这个句子似曾相识,确实,在 口译课程中,我们可以多次学习到这些词组:朝气蓬勃(vigorous)、充满活力 (dynamic)、多姿多彩(diverse)、 改革开放(reform and opening-up)等。但 从考生答案可以看出, 很多同学教材复习不彻底, 掌握不牢固。 “国际大都市” 如 , 同学的拼法千奇百怪,有的写:metropolitan,有的写 cosmopolitan,这都反映 了词汇的不扎实。 还有的同学英语基本功不扎实,不能正确判断时态。此句可以分成两个句子 来译, 其中“改革开放以来, 上海变化之大令世人瞩目”明显应采用现在完成时. 明显应采用现在完成时。 参考译文:Shanghai is an international metropolis full of vigor, dynamism and variety. Since the adoption of the reform and opening-up policy, Shanghai has attracted worldwide attention for its tremendous changes.
2)经济高速发展,社会秩序稳定,人民安居乐业,呈现出一片繁华气象。 分析:考生在思考这个长句时,可考虑将之分为独立的 3-4 个小句子来译, 且全部采用现在时。在阅卷中发现考生最大的问题就是:考生词汇的匮乏。如将 “经济”写为 economics,将“安居乐业”译为 have a good house and a good job,至于“繁华”的拼写更是错误百出。因此我们提醒考生的是,在平时的练 习中,要做到扎实,要注意单词的拼写和用法。 参考译文:The economy is developing rapidly, the social order is stable, and the people live and work in peace and contentment, presenting a scene of prosperity.
3)今天,尽管上海还有着不少色彩斑斓的过去可以,但城市日新月异的面 貌却使越来越多的世人折服。
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分析:这个句子最让考生为难的就是它的时态, 阅卷时发现不少考生在前半 句使用过去时,后半句采用现在时,这是不正确的。分析后我们可以看到整句都 应采用现在时,后半句更宜使用现在完成时。而且考生们的句子漏译严重,如原 文 “留恋和回味”以 think 带过。有些同学在翻译时生搬硬套,“日新月异的 面貌”翻成了 day and night face,这也说明了词汇的匮乏和方法的生硬。 参考译文:Today, while Shanghai still has many remnants of its colorful past for people to ponder over, its ever-changing outlook has filled more and more people with great admiration.
4)浦西展示了上海的辉煌岁月,浦东展现了上海的美好前景。 分析:这个句子中的“浦西、 浦东”直接用拼音就可以了,但有些考生居 然翻成了 the south of the Huangpu River,看来连“东南西北”都摸不清了。 参考译文:Puxi exhibits the city’s glorious past, and Pudong unfolds its bright future.
5) 上海就像一轮红日,光芒四射,鲜艳夺目。上海的明天充满希望。 分析:考生在这个句子中所出现的错误还是基本功的问题,单词的拼写、词 汇的一知半解、 修饰语的搭配等还是影响译文质量的主要原因。 “一轮红日” 如 , 英语中根本无须出现汉语中的量词,但有些同学译为 a round of red sun, a piece of red sun, a plate of red sun;又如“光芒四射,鲜艳夺目”,部分 考生干脆直译为 shining every corner of the earth and dazzle your eyes with its colours;更有甚者,“希望”也译为 hopes, hopeness。 参考译文:Like a rising sun, Shanghai is shining with boundless radiance and brilliant color. Shanghai’s tomorrow is full of hope.
翻译考查了学员的词汇、语法和文字基调把握能力,是考生英语水平的综合 体现。翻译能力的提高决非一朝一夕之功。学员应该平时勤练习,多动脑,充分 积累,考场上心不慌,认真对待每一个句子,把握“忠实(信)、通顺(达)” 的原则。
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(2006 年高级口译)汉译英阅卷后感*
上海外国语大学继续教育学院 上海外国语大学外语培训中心 贾丹
2006 年 3 月份的中高级口译资格证书第一阶段的考试创下了报考人数历年 第一的记录。考生们的热情证实了口译资格证书的含金量,反映了同学们对知识 的渴求。但紧张严谨的阅卷工作结束后,我们遗憾地发现在汉译英部分出类拔萃 的考生并不多。大部分考生处于 25-35 分(总分 50 分)之间,获得 40 分以上的 考生寥寥。 下面,就考生本次汉译英部分的主要失分点做一些分析: 一. 未能准确把握考试时间
阅卷时,我们发现有一部分同学没有完成翻译。这并不是因为他们能力欠缺 无法完成, 而是很明显地因为时间不够,来不及完成。 因此,在这里又要提到如何充分准确地把握考试时间。一般我们建议考生至 少留出 30 分钟用于汉译英。先花大约 5 分钟时间通读全文,把握文章整体思想 和基调; 再用 2-3 分钟在自己认为的难点和重点处做适当记号, 理顺段落的层次; 这样就可以动笔进行翻译了。翻译时,不提倡打草稿,所以考生应尽量想清楚再 落笔,保持卷面的整洁。翻译结束后再花 2-3 分钟从头浏览一遍,进行复查。
二.考题失分点分析 (2006 年 3 月汉译英考题) 光阴似箭,转眼中国加入世贸组织已经整整 4 年。4 年来,中国加入世贸绝 大多数承诺都已兑现,部分承诺的兑现甚至走在规定的时间表之前。在世贸成 员关心的知识产权问题上,中国启动法律修改工程,查处大批侵权案件,这些 努力均取得了显著成效。中国政府还全面清理了部委和地方的行政法规。
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一诺千金,有诺必践,传送着中国的极大诚意,展示了一个负责任大国的襟 怀,赢得了世贸成员和国际舆论的佳评。在世贸组织的年度审议中,这几年中 国都受到充分肯定。为使国内经济与世贸规则相符,中国表现了承担义务的强 烈意愿,并且一如既往从未动摇。 下面,我们从部分考生的答案着手,思考如何翻译。 (1)光阴似箭,转眼中国加入世贸组织已经整整 4 年。4 年来,中国加入 世贸绝大多数承诺都已兑现,部分承诺的兑现甚至走在规定的时间表之前。 分析:对于这个句子,从考生答案可以看出不熟悉汉语俗语和成语的英译。 能正确将“光阴似箭”译为 How time flies!的同学并不多,有些考生进行了忠 实地直译,因而出现了不少“Time flows like an arrow; Time goes quickly as a sword”等滑稽的译法, 考生词汇的贫乏再次表现在此句的翻译中。“规定的时间表之前”被不少同 学翻成了 before the timetable。同时,我们发现考生对时代感较强的词汇把 握不准。如“承诺”,不能准确拼写出 commitments 一词,“兑现”也笼统译为 realize。这里我们提醒考生:中高级口译考试的考题面广题新,考生应在平时 加强对时文的阅读和理解, 了解政治经济、 文体教育、 医学科技等方面的新动态, 掌握新词汇。 参考译文:How time flies! In a twinkling of an eye it is already 4 years since China acceded to the WTO. Over the past 4 years China has honored most of the promises it made when joining the WTO, and the fulfillment of some commitments was even ahead of schedule.
2)在世贸成员关心的知识产权问题上,中国启动法律修改工程,查处大批 侵权案件,这些努力均取得了显著成效。中国政府还全面清理了部委和地方的 行政法规。 分析:考生面对这个句子最大的问题就是词汇。如 “知识产权” 、|“法 律修改工程” 、“侵权”、“部委和地方的行政法规”等。很多同学都是直译, 所以出现了诸如 knowledge right, law correction project, right-invasion cases, departmental and local rules 等不当的说法。这也说明同学们应该在 词汇上多下功夫。 参考译文:In respect of the intellectual property issue that is of concern to WTO members, China launched a law revamp program and investigated a great number of infringement cases. These efforts have achieved remarkable effect. The Chinese government has also revamped the administrative laws and regulations at ministerial and local levels.
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