英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编6.doc
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：23，分数：46.00)1.我们熟悉的握手方式多种多样：有掌心出汗的人；有紧张得把你的手捏得生疼的人；A型气质的人总是乐呵呵地同别人握手，然后急忙停下来，又再继续握。
这种多样性使我们能“感觉到”对方是个什么样的人。
而我们寻求的常常是真诚。
握手还可以传达敬意。
对商界女性来说，握手是有影响力的。
20年前，如果一个女人主动去和男人握手，通常会被认为是爱出风头。
现在女人握手已经是司空见惯了，许多人反而认为旧式的“社交接吻”即使不是傲慢无理也是有背于职场惯例。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.崇祯五年(1632)十二月，余住西湖。
大雪三日，湖中人鸟声俱绝。
是日更定矣，余挈一小舟，拥毳衣炉火，独往湖心亭看雪。
雾凇沆砀，天与云与山与水，上下一白。
湖上影子，惟长堤一痕、湖心亭一点、与余舟一芥，舟中人两三粒而已。
到亭上，有两人铺毡对坐，一童子烧酒炉正沸。
见余，大喜日：“湖中焉得更有此人!”拉余同饮。
余强饮三大白而别，问其姓氏，是金陵人，客此。
及下船，舟子喃喃曰：“莫说相公痴，更有痴似相公者!”（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Translate the following into English．(四川外国语大学2012研，考试科目：英语翻译与写作) 在这样一个技术与交流紧密联系的时代，面对面的信息传递对于专业成功显得愈发重要。
我们比任何古人都容易获取更多的信息。
轻敲几下键盘，就可以获取任何专题的大量信息。
尽管我们能够得到的信息急剧增长，但我们一天二十四个小时并没有随之增加。
在这个信息的海洋里，技术反而使我们更难得到合适的信息。
而正因为如此，优秀的公众演讲者成了无价之宝。
聆听条理清晰、语言简洁的报告仍是我们理解新信息最为省事的方式。
然而，尽管公众演讲好处良多，大多数人还是惧怕面对公众进行演讲。
对科学工作者而言，或许更是如此。
除了所有演讲者都面临的担忧之外，他们还必须讲解复杂的专业知识。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________4.Translate the following into English. 在大学，你要追随自己的激情和兴趣，选择自己感兴趣的课程，不要在乎别人怎么说或怎么想。
SteveJobs说过，在大学里，你的热情会创造出很多点，在今后，你会将这些点串联起来。
在一次毕业典礼上，Jobs来了一个献身说法：自己在大学期间修了看似毫无用处的书法，而10年后，这成了苹果Macintosh里漂亮字库的基础，而正因为Macintosh有了这么好的字库，后来才有了桌面出版和今天的办公软件(例如微软Office)。
Jobs对书法的探索就是一个点，而苹果Macintosh 把多个点联结成了一条线。
所以，不要太担心你将来会从事什么样的工作，也不要太急功近利。
尽兴地选择你的点吧，要有信念，当机缘来临之时，你会找到自己人生的使命并画出一条美丽的曲线。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________5.Translate the following two passages from Chinese to English．(电子科技大学2007研，考试科目：英语写作与翻译)由麦肯锡公司(McKinsey&Co．)及清华大学共同进行的一项调查显示，中国的科技类公司正在缩小与其外国竞争对手在生产率上的差距，它们正在对全球各地的跨国公司形成更大的竞争威胁。
这项调查显示，随着中国的科技类公司不断提高其经营的集约化水平，它们从规定及运营效率上来看正在缩小与跨国公司的差距。
以前，这些在与跨国企业的竞争中过于依赖中国廉价的劳动力。
调查还发现，中国科技类公司正越来越多地从他们长期占主导地位的中、低价产品市场向外国公司长期统领的高端产品市场迈进。
中国一些科技类公司已经开始参与国外市场的竞争，如个人电脑厂商联想集团(Lenovo Group Ltd．)以及电信设备巨头华为技术有限公司(Huawei Technologies Co．)。
调查结果表明，许多在与外国公司的竞争中成长起来的中国企业很可能也会进军国际市场。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________6.先生不知何许人也，亦不详其姓字，宅边有五柳树，因以为号焉。
闲静少言，不慕荣利。
好读书，不求甚解；每有会意，便欣然忘食。
性嗜酒，家贫不能常得；亲旧知其如此，或置酒而招之。
造饮辄尽，期在必醉。
既醉而退，曾不吝情去留。
环堵萧然，不蔽风日；短褐穿结，箪瓢屡空；晏如也。
常著文章自娱，颇示己志。
忘怀得失，以此自终。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________7.Put the following two passages into English and write your translated version on the Answer Sheet．古之学者必有师。
师者，所以传道授业解惑也。
人非生而知之者，孰能无惑?惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。
生乎吾前，其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾，吾从而师之。
吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________8.世界上只有一个中国，大陆和台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割，维护国家主权和领土完整是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的共同义务。
台湾是中国的一部分，国家绝不允许“台独”分裂势力以任何名义、任何方式把台湾从中国分裂出去。
台湾问题是中国内战的遗留问题。
解决台湾问题，实现祖国统一，是中国的内部事务，不受任何外国势力的干涉。
完成统一祖国的大业是包括台湾同胞在内的全中国人民的神圣职责。
坚持一个中国的原则，是实现祖国和平统一的基础。
以和平方式实现祖国统一，最符合台湾海峡两岸同胞的根本利益。
国家以最大的诚意，尽最大的努力，实现和平统一。
国家和平统一后，台湾可以实行不同于大陆的制度，高度自治。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________9.Translate the following passage into English．(西南财经大学2007研，考试科目：翻译与写作) 从2001年到2008年，北京市用于奥运会投资将达2，800亿元，其中1，800亿元用于基础设施建设。
这么大的投资对北京和全国的经济都会起到拉动作用。
国家统计局新闻发言人说，从2001年至2008年的7年间，出于奥运经济的拉动，国内生产总值平均每年增加0．3到0．4个百分点。
经济学家预测，2008年北京奥运对中国经济、社会发展具有广泛而深远的影响，特别是对体育、旅游、建筑、建材、通信、商业服务等具体产业的影响更为直接。
“奥运经济”将成为中国经济新的增长点，并创造出上百万个就业机会。
由于奥运的催化作用，中国经济在21世纪的前10年将高速发展。
举办奥运会给北京带来的直接收入有：电视转播权、国际奥委会的合作伙伴计划(TOP计划)、中央和北京市政府补贴、赞助商、特许经销商、奥林匹克纪念币和邮票、门票收入等，大约为30亿美元，奥运会给北京带来的间接收入估计达到54亿美元左右，而带给北京市和全国的派生收入则是无法计算的。
北京奥运会将促进北京环境的改善和科技水平的提高。
未来5年，北京用于环境治理的投资将达450亿元；用于信息化建设的投资为300亿元，奠定“数字北京”的基础，初步实现电子政务、电子商务和远程教育；还将完成城区现在900多万平方米危旧房屋的改造任务，使人均住房面积提高到18平方米。
奥运将大大加快北京建设现代化国际大都市的步伐。
北京市制定的新世纪发展战略规划是：2010年，北京率先在全国基本实现现代化，构建起现代化国际大都市的基本框架；2020年，北京基本建成现代化国际大都市；21世纪中叶，完全实现现代化，使北京成为世界一流的现代化国际大都市。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________10.Translate the following letter into English．经国吾弟：咫尺之隔，竞成海天之遥。
南京匆匆一晤，瞬逾三十六载。
幼时间袍，苏京把晤(苏京：the capital of Soviet Union)，往事历历在目。
惟从长年未通音问，此诚憾事。
近闻政躬违和，深为悬念。
人过七旬，多义病痛，至盼珍摄。
祖国和平统一，乃千秋功业。
台湾终必回归祖国，早日解决对各方有利。
台湾同胞可安居乐业，两岸各族人民可解骨肉分离之痛，在台诸前辈及大陆去台人员亦可各得其所，且有利于亚太地区局势稳定和世界和平。
吾弟尝以“计利当计天下利，求名应求万世名”自勉，倘能于吾弟手中成此伟业，必为举国尊敬，世人推崇，功在国家，名流青史。
所谓“罪人”之说，实相悖谬。
局促东隅，终非久计。
明若吾弟，自当了然，如迁延不决，或委之异日，不仅徒生困扰，吾弟亦将难辞其咎。
再者，和平统一纯属内政。
外人巧言令色，意在图我台湾，此世人所公知者。
当断不断，必受其乱。
愿弟慎思。
人到高年，愈加怀旧，如弟方便，余当束装就道，前往台北探望，并面聆诸长辈教益。
“度尽劫波兄弟在，相逢一笑泯恩仇”。
遥望南天，不禁神驰，书不尽占，诸希珍重，伫候复音。
老夫人前请化为问安。
方良，纬国及诸侄不一。
顺祝近祺! 廖承志一九八二年七月二十四日（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________11.君有妻，丑，为此颇感自豪，常于有靓妻之友面前夸口：丑妻是宝，见了恶心，不见省心，出门放心，免得有第三者插足。
友听毕，掩口笑道：君言差矣，常言道：以为最安全的却是最危险，岂不闻情人眼里出西施吗?S君听毕，顿悟，叹道：听君一席话，胜读十年书，差一点大意失荆州。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________12.父亲拦住背起书包的儿子，“今天别去上学了，跟我下地撒化肥去。
”见儿子不悦，父亲瞪起了眼，“我一个大字不识，不也照样长这么大!”儿子拎起化肥袋子，忿忿地。
转眼，把化肥都倒进了垃圾桶。
父亲大惊：“你怎么……”儿子从容回答，“庄稼不撒化肥，不也是照样长大?”（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________13.短文翻译。
(东北财经大学2009研，考试科目：综合英语与翻译) 你知道白蚁之害吗?一座大厦如果有了白蚁，不加防治，不到十年时间，里面的地板、壁板，都会蛀蚀一空。
一般的房屋受了严重的蚁害，有的还会突然倒塌下来，伤了性命。
电杆被白蚁蛀蚀，一般两三年就要换一次。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编24(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．cultural pluralism.正确答案：文化多元性2．lingua franca正确答案：混合语，通用语3．stage fright正确答案：怯场4．functional equivalence正确答案：功能对等5．PIIGS正确答案：欧猪五国6．Obama-mess正确答案：奥巴马困境7．seckill正确答案：秒杀8．Chindonesia正确答案：中印尼，亚洲铁三角9．intexticated正确答案：边开车边发短信10．broken society正确答案：破裂的社会11．defriend正确答案：解除好友关系12．ghost estate正确答案：鬼宅13．copycatting正确答案：山寨14．great recession正确答案：大萧条汉译英15．翻译能力正确答案：translation competence 16．翻译标准正确答案：translation criterion 17．典故正确答案：literary quotation 18．汉化英语正确答案：Chinglish19．陪同口译正确答案：Escort Interpretation 20．跨文化交际正确答案：cross-cultural communication21．模拟国际会议口译正确答案：mock international conference interpretation22．典籍英译正确答案：English Translation of Chinese Classics23．学术翻译正确答案：academic translation24．翻译专业硕士正确答案：Master of Translation and Interpreting25．建设中国特色社会主义正确答案：the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编6
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.英译汉（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.The 1992 Rio conference was a high watermark for environmental law. Despite all the many accomplishments since then, we must now acknowledge that Rio has not fulfilled the promises with which the world invested it. After 50 years of diligent and sophisticated work by environmental lawyers on legislation, regulation, principles, treaties, and judicial decisions, how is it that the " actual landscape" of the world"s resources is still "slipping two steps backward for each forward stride"? Part of the explanation for that disappointing result can be found in the statements issued by a distinguished international collection of prosecutors, judges, and legal scholars at the Rio + 20-re-lated World Congress on Justice, Governance, and Law for Environmental Sustainability. They focused almost exclusively on matters of substantive doctrine and legal procedure. Recommitment to enhancing "law" in this narrow sense—a body of formal rules and principles and the judicial and prosecutorial mechanisms for their application and enforcement—certainly has great value, and that work should go forward vigorously. But the ongoing ecological deterioration is traceable in large part to pervasive social and political attitudes favoring a growth-based model of economic "development" that steadily intensifies human appropriation of planetary resources. To address the root of the problem, it will be argued here, environmental law needs a more expansive society-based conception of "law", one that activates law as a social institution engaged broadly with the habits and customs, the expectations and aspirations, of people and organizations in their daily lives. Environmental lawyers, then, need a fresh and bold reimagination of their mission, to hone and use their persuasive and analytical skills in creative ways to alter the social dynamic underlying environmental change and to foment a deep commitment to effective stewardship of resources.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： 1992年的里约会议标志着环境法达到了最高水平。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编80(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编80(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．civil law正确答案：民法2．mass transit正确答案：公共交通；大容量公共运输(工具)3．wage theory正确答案：工资理论4．mock epic正确答案：讽刺史诗5．counterespionage正确答案：反间谍活动6．high seas正确答案：公海；远海7．CYO正确答案：首席元老(Chief Yearly Officer)8．irrigation and drainage正确答案：灌溉与排水9．ICN正确答案：国际护士理事会(International Council of Nurses)10．ILO正确答案：国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization) 11．IAEA正确答案：国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency) 12．polar front正确答案：极锋13．higher down payment正确答案：高首付14．have kissed the Blarney stone正确答案：能说会道；善于花言巧语15．fat chance正确答案：没有机会，希望渺茫汉译英16．QE (Quantitative Easing)正确答案：量化宽松17．innovative growth正确答案：创新增长18．Sunny Finance Policy正确答案：阳光财政19．visa upon/on arrival正确答案：落地签证20．national treatment正确答案：国民待遇21．state visit正确答案：国事访问22．Sunsetting Industry正确答案：夕阳工业23．The Internet Finance正确答案：互联网金融24．new model of major power relationship正确答案：新型大国外交25．Free Trade Area of the Asia-Pacific (FTA AP) 正确答案：亚太自由贸易区。
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编8.doc
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编8.doc英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编8(总分：46.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：23，分数：46.00)1.Translated the following into English．(辽宁师范大2008研，考试科目：综合英语) 体育作为一种文化现象，在当代生活中的作用越来越大，关心它的人也越来越多，形成了体育文化热。
那么什么是体育文化的内涵呢? 文化是人类在发展中形成的物质财富和精神成果的总和。
体育文化是整个人类文化的一种，而且是非常独特的一种。
别的种类的文化大多受到国家、民族、宗教等因素的阻隔而形成一个个文化圈。
比如电影，观众很多，也有国际评奖，但电影评奖总要受到评委们的主观意识的影响，很难有一个非常明确的客观标准。
而体育则有共同的规则，有共同的体育语言。
体育能真正体现“公平竞争”的原则，所以越来越受到人们的欢迎，以奥林匹克精神为特征的体育文化已被全世界人民所接受。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following underlined into English．(辽宁师范大学2007研，考试科目：综合英语) 一个小伙子暗恋着一个女孩。
女孩是他的同事，他们在一个办公室里工作。
小伙子性格内向，不善言辞，他不知道如何向女孩子表达他的爱慕之意。
写情书吧，小伙子是学理工的，一直搞技术工作，满脑子的图形，就是没有一句有文采的话。
小城里也没有花店，电影电视上常见的送花那一套也无从谈起。
至于直截了当地告诉女孩子说“我爱你”，小伙子就更没有这个胆量了。
这样的恋情应该说是没戏了。
但事实上一年后他们却结了婚。
有人向小伙子讨教，他说：“我每天上班的第一件事就是帮她擦桌子：然后为她泡上一杯她喜欢喝的绿茶。
她胃不好，我经常备些胃药放在她的桌上。
一开始她不知道是我做的这些事情，时间长了就知道了。
英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编5.doc
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编5(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2010研，考试科目：专业英语) 教育的功用就在顺应人类求知、想好、爱美的天性，使一个人在这三方面得到最大限度的调和的发展。
以达到完美的生活。
教育的目的在启发人性中所固有求知、想好、爱美的本能，使它们尽量伸展。
中国儒家的最高的人生理想是“尽性”。
他们说：“能尽人之性则能尽物之性，能尽物之性则可以赞天地之化育。
”（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________2.Translate the following passage into English．(南开大学2009研，考试科目：专业英语) 东方文明的最大特色是知足。
西洋近代文明的最大特色是不知足。
知足的东方人自安于简陋的生活，故不求物质享受的提高；自安于愚昧，自安于“不识不知”，故不注意真理的发现与技艺器械的发明；自安于现成的环境与命运，故不想征服自然。
西方人大不然。
他们说“不知足是神圣的”。
物质上的不知足产生了今日钢铁世界，汽机世界，电力世界。
理智上的不知足产生了今日的科学世界。
社会政治制度上的不知足产生了今日的民权世界。
神圣的不知足是一切革新一切进化的动力。
（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________3.Put the following into English．(天津财经大学2006研，考试科目：现代英语)银行业面临的挑战在于如何使客户乐意学习使用并信任这种新型的服务渠道。
多数大银行现已能够提供完全可靠的、功能齐全的网上银行业务，不收取或只收取少许费用。
随着越来越多的银行网上业务的成功，以及越来越多的客户登陆它们的网站，功能齐全的网上银行业务很可能变得像自动柜员机一样普及。
英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编17
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编17(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Put the following short passage into Chinese．(中国石油大学2006研，考试科目：综合英语)For the sake of speculation, let us imagine a humanism that is a way of seeing. A humanism that is a way of seeing will be committed to describing what it sees. It will seek to fix the condition of the human spirit at a particular place in a particular moment of time in relation to a particular experience, and it will choose its places and times and experiences because they express the condition of the human spirit with particular clarity. They are the evidence concerning the nature of the human spirit that has accumulated throughout history. In other words, they are to humanism what the raw materials of physics, biology, and chemistry are to science.（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：为了便于推论，我们假定有一种人文主义，它只是一种观察方式，并将致力于描述它观察到的一切事物。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编40(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编40(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．Subtitling正确答案：配字幕2．Descriptive Translation Studies正确答案：描写性翻译研究3．Exoticism正确答案：异国情调4．Skopos theory正确答案：翻译目的论5．Rewriting正确答案：重写6．Abstract translation正确答案：摘要翻译7．Adequacy正确答案：充分性8．Agent正确答案：经纪人9．Appeal-focused texts正确答案：呼吁性文本10．Multi-media texts正确答案：多媒体文本汉译英11．忠信正确答案：fidelity12．口译正确答案：interpretation 13．假朋友正确答案：false friend 14．常规正确答案：conventions 15．自然性正确答案：naturalness 16．音译正确答案：transliteration 17．配音正确答案：dubbing18．翻译理论正确答案：translation theory 19．平行语料库正确答案：parallel corpus 20．直译正确答案：literal translation 21．不可译性正确答案：untranslatability 22．充分性正确答案：adequacy23．异化翻译正确答案：foreignizing translation 24．语内翻译正确答案：intralingual translation 25．译后编辑正确答案：post-editing。
英语专业(语言学)历年真题试卷汇编6
英语专业（语言学）历年真题试卷汇编6(总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、名词解释(总题数：25，分数：50.00)1.Concord(or; Agreement)(武汉大学2008研；中山大学2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It may be defined as the requirement that the forms of two or more words of specific word classes that stand in specific syntactic relationship with one another shall also be characterized by the same paradigmatically marked category(or categories). For example, the syntactic relationship between that girl and she in the following dialogue; A; Who is that girl? B; Oh, she is my sister.)解析：ernment（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Government is another type of control over the forms of some words by other words in certain syntactic constructions. It differs from concord in that this is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the forms of others in terms of certain category. In English, for example, the pronoun after a verb or a preposition should be in the object form as in She gave him a book. She gave a hook to him. In other words, the verb, or the preposition, determines, or governs, the form of the pronoun after it.)解析：3.Paradigmatic relations（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Paradigmatic relation, Saussure originally called associative, is a relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at a particular place in a structure, or between one element present and the others absent.)解析：4.Syntax（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：It is a sub-field of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language. Specifically, it is the study of the rules governing the ways in which words, word groups and phrases are joined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the interrelationships between sentential elements.)解析：5.Constituent（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a larger linguistic unit. Several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence " The boy ate the apple" , S(A), the boy(B), ate the apple(C), each part is a constituent.)解析：6.Logical subject(中山大学2011研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Logical subject is the subject of a sentence that expresses the actual agent of an expressed or implied action. In passive voice such as "John was bitten by a dog", we have two terms "grammatical subject" and "logical subject". Since the core object noun {John in this case)sits in the slot before the verb in the passive, it is called grammatical subject, for the original object noun phrase occupies the grammatical space before a verb, the space that a subject normally occupies; the core subject(A dog), now the object of a preposition(by a dog), is called the logical subject, since semantically the core subject still does what a subject normally does: it performs an action.)解析：7.Semantic Triangle（大连外国语学院2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Ogden and Richards presented the classic "Semantic Triangle" as manifested in the following diagram , in which the " symbol" or " form" refers to the linguistic elements(word, sentence, etc.), the "referent" refers to the object in the world of experience, and "thought" or "reference" refers to concept or notion. According to this view, there is no direct link between symbol and referent, that is, between language and the world. The link is via thought, the concept)解析：8.Gradable antonym（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Gradable antonym. Gradable antonyms are antonyms that are gradable because there are often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. For example, cold and warm constitute a pair of gradable antonyms.)解析：9.Semantic feature（四川大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Semantic feature. The meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components which are called semantic features. For example, the word "man" is analyzed as comprising the features of + HUAMN, + ADULT, + ANIMATE, +MALE.)解析：ponential analysis(浙江大学2005研；北航2008研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Componential analysis. It refers to a semantic approach which defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components, or semantic features. For example, the meaning of the word boy may be analyzed into three components: HUMAN, YOUNG and MALE.) 解析：11.Entailment（武汉大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Entailment. It is a type of meaning dependence between sentences. It is concerned with the meaning of the sentence itself. If X is true, Y is necessarily true, and if X is false, Y may be true or false. For example, the sentence "He has been to France" entails "He has been to Europe".)解析：12.Presupposition（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：The speaker or writer always assumes that the reader or hearer already knows something of what he is going to say or write. This something often becomes the presupposition of a sentence. For example, John didn"t pass chemistry presupposes that John took chemistry.) 解析：13.Locutionary Act, Illocutinary Act and Perlocutionary Act(北京交通大学2005研；武汉大学2005研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：According to Austin, a speaker might be performing three acts simultaneously when speaking. A locutionary act is the act of saying, the literal meaning of the utterance. Therefore, when somebody says "Morning" , we can ask a question like "What did he do?" , and the answer could be "He offered a greeting. " An illocutionary act is the extra meaning of the utterance produced on the basis of the literal meaning. Therefore, for the same example, we can say " He meant it as a greeting". A perlocutionary act is the effect of the utterance on the hearer. Thus, by saying " Morning!" the speaker has made it clear that he wants to keep friendly relations with the hearer.)解析：14.Conversational Implicature（武汉大学2004研；北京交通大学2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Conversational implicature refers to a type of implied meaning, which is deduced on the basis of the conventional meaning of words together with the context, under the guidance of the CP and its maxims. For example, the implicature of He is a tiger could probably be he has some characteristics of a tiger.)解析：15.Cooperative principle（北师大2003研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cooperative principle was proposed and formulated by Grice. It expresses that in making a conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate; otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry on the talk. It goes like this: " make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged". This principle can be further specified as the four following maxims; Quantity, Quality, Relation, Manner.)解析：16.Violation of maxims（北京交通大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are circumstances where speakers may not follow the maxims of the cooperative principle. For example, in conversation, a speaker may violate the maxim expectations by using an expression like " No comment" in response to a question. Although it is typically not " as informative as is required" in the context, it is naturally interpreted as communicating more than is said(i. e. the speaker knows the answer). This typical reaction to any apparent violation of the maxims is actually the key to the notion of conversational implicature. When we violate any of these maxims , our language becomes indirect. In this way, we can convey morethan is literally said. For example, there is violation of the first maxim of Quantity, and sometimes the first Quantity maxim can be in conflict with the Quality maxim.)解析：17.coherence /cohesion(浙江大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Cohesion refers to the grammatical and/or lexical relationships between the different elements of a discourse. This may be relationship between different sentences or between different parts of a sentence. It can be achieved by cohesive devices include reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction and lexical cohesion. Coherence, on the other hand, refers to the quality of a discourse which makes it a connected text coherent to the context, not a series of juxtaposed sentences.)解析：18.adjacency pairs（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Adjacency pair is a sequence of two related utterances by two different speakers. The second utterance is always a response to the first. It has five properties: ① Adjacency pairs consist of two utterances, a first part and a second part. ② The two parts are spoken by di fferent speakers. ③ The first and second parts belong to specific types, for example, question and answer, or greeting and greeting. ④ The form and content of the second part depends on the type of the first part. ⑤ Given that a speaker has produced a firs t part, the second part is relevant and expectable as the next utterance.)解析：19.preference structure（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：There are many responses to questions which are not answers but which count as second parts. This structural likelihood is called preference. Preference structure divides second parts into preferred and dispreferred. The preferred is the structurally expected next act and the dispref-erred is the structurally unexpected next act. The preferred second parts are more usual, more normal and less specific.)解析：20.Intercultural communication(南开大学2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Intercultural communication, also known as cross-cultural communication, is communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbols systems are distinct enough to alter the communication event. It is frequently used to refer to communication between people from different cultures, which implies a comparison between cultures.)解析：21.Linguistic determinism（上海交大2007研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic determinism, is one of the two points of Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, and has developed into the strong version of this hypothesis. It could be summarized as follows:(1)One"s thinking is completely determined by his native language because one cannot but perceive the world in terms of the categories and distinctions encoded in the language.(2)The categories and distinctions encoded in one language system are unique to that system andincommensurable with those of other systems. Therefore, the following statement could represent this hypothesis " If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different".)解析：22.Sapir-Whorf hypothesis（武汉大学2004研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Sapir-Whorf hypothesis consists of two parts; linguistic determinism and linguistic relativity. Linguistic determinism refers to the notion that a language determines certain nonlinguistic cognitive processes. Different languages offer people different ways of expressing around, they think and speak differently. Linguistic relativity refers to the claim that the cognitive processes that are determined are different for different languages. Thus, speakers of different languages are said to think in different ways. The hypothesis is now interpreted mainly in two different ways: a strong version and a weak one. The strong version believes that the language patterns determine people"s thinking and behavior; the weak one holds that the former influence the later. So far, many researches and experiments conducted provide support to the weak version.)解析：23.Linguistic relativity（人大2006研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Linguistic relativity is one of two points in Sapir-Whorf hypothesis. It states that similarity between languages is relative, the greater their structural differentiation is, the more diverse their conceptualization of the world is. For example, not every language has the same set of words for the colors; in Spanish there is no word that corresponds to the English meaning of "blue".)解析：24.Diglossia（南开大学2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：It is a speech variety used by a particular group of people, usually sharing the same occupation(e. g. doctors, lawyers)or the same interests. A particular register often distinguishes itself from others by having a number of distinctive words, by using words or phrases in a particular way, and sometimes by special grammatical constructions(e. g. legal language).) 解析：25.Speech community(北外2010研)（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(正确答案：Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon , distinct social groups like high school students or hip-pop fans. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums , often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group"s special purposes and priorities.)解析：。
英语专业基础英语(翻译)历年真题试卷汇编4
英语专业基础英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编4(总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、1 翻译(总题数：20，分数：40.00)1.Translate put the following passage into Chinese．(福建师范大学2004研，考试科目：写作与翻译)Some people say that money is what makes everything possible...I share a different opinion.I believe that money can be really horrible. Sure, with money one could afford to live ultimate desires, but what"s really hidden from view is the kind of thing that too much money could do to people. Money and wealth disguise all the humanity of life. So many people wonder about every day of their lives wishing to live a rich animation. Yet the part they miss in that" wonderful" life is the change that takes place in themselves. To gain something one must be willing to exchange something, and for something as massive as money, the price is breathtaking. Nevertheless, some see it as reasonable amount and even more agree to the trade: even if the price is the one most important gift from God. All one must pay is their soul.These innocent victims of greed and selfishness are blinded from all but bills of disgusting green. Pretty soon they are jailed inside their own world of rotten filth fooled by their philosophy that money is the most substantial thing on the face of this planet. Suddenly even the nicest restaurants in town fail to please them and so they move elsewhere seeking something—anything that will satisfy their lost and stolen senses. The braggadocio of their mammoth ego demolishes even the most patient hearts and so they become lonely predators of their own humanity. They look upon soul as thieves eyeing their every penny, and even their own mother to them is a burglar thirsty for green. They trust no one, think of no one, help no one, and in the process shed all love within them: hopeless, and helpless. Trapped in their own creation, these dreams are...and they say money is harmless—how could they say that?（分数：2.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：有人说，钱能解决一切问题……我却并不同意。
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析)
英语翻译基础历年真题试卷汇编5(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译词语翻译英译汉1．Domesticating translation正确答案：归化翻译，又名归化2．Pre-editing正确答案：预编辑3．Explicitation正确答案：外显化4．Poly-system theory正确答案：多元系统理论5．Under-translation正确答案：欠额翻译6．accuracy正确答案：正确性7．competence正确答案：能力8．correspondence正确答案：对应9．direction of translation正确答案：翻译方向10．informative texts正确答案：信息类文本汉译英11．借用正确答案：Borrowing12．可比语料库正确答案：Comparable Corpus13．文化置换正确答案：Cultural Transportation 14．自然语言正确答案：Natural Language15．语法分析正确答案：Syntax Analysis16．中间语言正确答案：Interlanguage17．隐形正确答案：Invisibility18．显型翻译正确答案：Overt Translation19．术语库正确答案：TDB(Terminology Database) 20．视译正确答案：Sight Interpretation 21．配字幕正确答案：Subtitle22．文本类型学正确答案：Text Typology 23．可接受性正确答案：Acceptability 24．冗余正确答案：Redundancy 25．赞助正确答案：Sponsorship。