unit 4 grammar现在分词
人教版高中英语必修四第四单元语法课件 Grammar-V-ing作状语(共33张PPT)
现在分词短语与状语从句的转化
1. 现在分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以 表示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。 2. 若状语从句与主句的主语相同时：
1)去连词 → 2)去主语 → 3)动词变现在分词 即由： 连词+ 主语 + V. …, 主语 + V.
试比较：
He hurried to the bus station, only to find that
the bus had left.
意料之外的结果
6、作条件状语，相当于 if 等引导的条件状语从 句，常位于句首。 Driving too fast, you will damage the car. = If you drive too fast, you will damage the car.
= When hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
3、作方式状语，等于and并列的两个谓语动词。 He came running all the way. = He came and were running all the way.
weekend.
→ _T_i_m_e__p_e_r_m_i_t_ti_n_g__, I will visit my friend this weekend.
Practice makes perfect!
请判断下列从句是何种状语从句，并将它们改写 成现在分词作状语。
1. When they saw their teacher, the students
的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
高中英语-unit 4 grammar 用
Learning during the holiday, I’m so happy that I have shared the good news. ( 2011 河北冀州 中学二模)
3. We all enjoyed this precious day
注意1：现在分词作状语的时态和语态
语态 主动语 被动语态
时态
态
语态意义
一般式
doing being done
分词动作与谓语 动作（几乎）同 时发生
完成式 having having been 分词动作先于
done done
谓语动作发生
现在分词作状语的语态
_B__e_in_g__ta_k__en__(take) care of, she recovered quickly.
Unit4 Body Language
Grammar
Playing football (踢足球)is my favourite sport. 主语
Would you mind me using your cell phone?
宾语
(使用你的手机)
The cartoon is amusing. (逗人笑的) 表语
状语
The V-ing form as adverbial 现在分词作状语
v.-ing作状语
两个大前提：
1、分词的逻辑主语必须是_句___子__的___主___语__;
2、分词与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上 的主谓关系
Hearing the bell, the students began
(精心整理)现在分词作状语-教学设计
Book4 Unit4 GrammarThe Present Participles as Adverbials现在分词作状语教材分析：本课是人教版必修四第四单元语法课，现在分词充当句子成分是本课的语法重点，本单元阅读材料中出现了大量现在分词作状语的用法，高考也常有涉及。
因此，本课围绕课时重点进行了四个方面的分析，一是现在分词的形式，二是现在分词所充当的状语类型，三是现在分词作状语和状语从句的转换，四是现在分词与主句主语的一致性。
为了实现教学目标，我在教学过程中主要采取了观察归纳法、示范法、小组合作引导学生认识问题、分析问题、解决问题。
为了巩固教学成果，我参考当前的常考题型如单句改错、短文填空设置了与教学内容紧密相关的作业题，希望能够达到巩固提升的效果。
学情分析：本班学生为高一年级实验班学生，学习基础总体较好，但因为还处于高中初级阶段，所以教学内容应当居中，教学过程中教师要及时点拨引导，做好学生的学习助手。
教学目标：通过本节课的学习，学生能够知识目标：1.明确现在分词的各种形式；2. 识别现在分词作状语的类别；3.能把状语从句转换成相应的现在分词状语；4.现在分词作状语的主语一致问题；能力目标：学生能够正确使用现在分词作状语；情感目标：1.树立英语学习的信心2.增强小组的竞争与合作意识。
教学重点：1.帮助学生实现状语从句和现在分词作状语的互换2.现在分词和不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语一般应与句子的主语保持一致。
（对策）：探究观察、小组讨论教学难点：1.连词+分词形式（分词作状语的省略问题）2. 现在分词的独立主格结构（对策）：归纳法教学用具：多媒体、黑板教学过程：Lead-in→Presentation(Step2)→Consolidation(Step3)→Homework(Step4)教学过程：Step1:Lead-in （3mins）Appreciate a short poem and find out the present participles used as adverbials. Step2:Presentation (32mins)Part1:Changes in tense and voice of present participles (5mins)（现在分词在时态和语态变化）A.WalkingB.walkC.having walkedD.being walked(2).____ by his father, my friend was unhappy.A.Having punishedB.punishedC. Being punishedD.Punishing(3).___ such heavy pollution already,it may be difficult to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB.SufferingC.To sufferD. Suffered(4). _______ for three minutes, the girl felt nervous.A.stare atB.Being stared atC.Having been stared atD.To stare atPart2 识别现在分词所充当的各种状语(8mins)1.Review:判断V-ing在句中所做的成份①. Coming late for school is a bad habit.②.We should avoid talking loudly in a library.③.They are exciting .④. They are visitors coming from several countries.⑤. Coming late, the girl missed the train.2.Observe and think :现在分词可以做哪些状语？Competition: Recognize the adverbials according to the information and tell what kind of adverbial it is.)Example:Having been translated into 20 languages, the book is famous all over the world now.(原因状语)①.Being ill, he couldn’t come to school today.( )②.Using your head, you will find a way. ( )③.Having arrived at the factory,they immediately set to work. ( )④Having a cold, the boy went to school as usual. ( )⑤.She was so angry that she threw the toy on the ground, breaking it into pieces.( )⑥.The girl came in smiling. ( )小结：现在分词可以充当原因条件、时间、让步、结果、伴随或方式状语。
人教高中英语必修4Unit4grammar(共61张PPT)
动词-ing形式作表语、定语和宾补
一、动词-ing形式作表语
动名词作表语表示抽象的、一般的行为，现在分 词作表语表示主语的特征、性质和状态。
我们最大的幸福是为人民服务。
Our greatest happiness is serving the people.（动名词） 我们的任务是建设社会主义。
Our task is building socialism. （动名词）
动词-ing 形式作宾语
S. + vt.+ doing 避免错过 (少) 延期 avoid, miss, delay / postpone 建议完成 (多) 练习 suggest / advise, finish, practise 喜欢想象禁不住 enjoy/appreciate, imagine/fancy, resist/can’t help 承认 否定 (与) 嫉妒 admit , deny, envy 逃脱 冒险 (莫) 原谅 escape, risk , pardon / excuse, forgive 忍受 保持 (不) 在意 stand , keep, mind
：
no use
no good
no fun
It’s + a shame
+ doing
a waste of time/money
useless
dangerous
hardly/scarcely worth
worthwhile
There is no + doing...
There is no use doing sth. There is no sense in dong sth.
I remembered to post the letter. 我要记住把信寄出去。（未寄） I remembered posting/having post the letter. 我记得把信寄出去。 （已寄）
必修四unit3和unit4grammar之现在分词做表语-定语-宾补和状语剖析.
learned 4.Lessons _________(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.
分析：主干(主谓)：Lessons can help us in our dealing with other people. 因句中已有谓语动词can help，可见learn 为非谓语动词， 与lessons 是被动关系，所以用-ed形式learned。
1. I saw Bob beating the boy. (我看见Bob正在打这个男孩)
ing 着重动作的过程，正在进行或反复的动作
. 2. I saw Bob beat the boy.
(我看见Bob打这个男孩)
(to )do强调动作的结果，完成或一次性动作
3. I saw the boy beaten by Bob. (我看见这个男孩被Bob打)
用作状语的动词-ing 形式， 此时可叫做“现在分词”。
即：V-ing短语在句子中作 状语，可以表示时间，原
因，结果，条件，让步，
方式或伴随动作等。
1). Hearing the news, they immediately set off for Shanghai.
时间
When they heard the news,
思考：划线的单词在句子中所作什么成分呢？ 1. The story is interesting.
表语
表语：放在系动词后面
2. The running man is Wangbaoqiang. 定语
定语：…的，+名词 / 名词+短语
3.We can see a boy singing in the picture.
人教必修四unit4 grammar
Unit4 grammar分词做状语分词作状语时分词的逻辑主语必须是句子主语，如果句子主语与分词之间存在主动关系就用现在分词，如果他们之间存在被动关系则用过去分词。
一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表示被动、完成。
分词作状语,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。
如:1. 判断下列句中现在分词做什么状语Being a teacher, you should help your students in every way.(原因)He died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experimenthalf-done.(结果)Seeing my parents waving in the crowd, I went running to them.(时间;方式)The students entered the classroom, following their English teacher.(伴随)Listening to English every day (If you listen to English every day), you’ll learn it well step by step. (条件)2.用动词的现在分词和过去分词正确形式填空The enemy fled in a panic, leaving behind a lot of dead bodies and weapons.Defeated and frightened, the enemy fled in a panic.Hearing the news ,he couldn’t help crying.Written in a hurry, this article was not so good!Keeping on your feet , you will only make yourself more tired.He was in his study, reading a booktold many times , he made the same mistake again and again.3.现在分词的完成式现在分词完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,常用作状语,表时间和原因。
牛津译林版八年级英语上册Unit4 grammar课件
Your watch is broken. You had better buy a
new one. 16.你最好上学不要迟到。
You had better not be late for school. 17.你最好不要没看说明就启动工作。
You had better not begin your work without
Grammar
Objectives
➢To learn to give instructions ➢To learn to use should & had better
课前热身
Words review
1、剪下，切下，割下 _c_u_t______ （过去式）_c_u_t_____ （现在分词）_c_u_t_t_i_n_g__
Cut out pieces of card with a pair of scissors. 7.每张卡片上写些字或句子
write some words or a sentence on each card. 8.在卡片的另一面 on the other side of the card
9. 画一幅有关那词或句的画
_Y_o_u_’_d_b_e_t_te_r__w_a_t_e_r__ the flowers
as soon as possible.
had better 跟动词___原____形，没有人称和 数的变化。构成：had better do sth. 句型。 你最好立即去医院看病。
_Y_o_u_’_d _b_e_t_te_r_ _g_o____ to hospital at once. 汤姆，你最好今天去那儿。
33_人教版高中英语必修四第四单元语法ppt课件GrammarVing作状语
完成的时间状语，例如：before, already, for a long time, many times等，有时我们也 需要根据语境来判断两个动作发生的先后。
1.
for a long time, he still couldn’t
see his girlfriend.
2. A. Waiting B. Having waited
10
现在分词短语与状语从句的转化
1. 现在分词短语是由状语从句变换而来的，用以表 示时间、原因、条件、让步及附带情况。 2. 若状语从句与主句的主语相同时：
1)去连词 → 2)去主语 → 3)动词变现在分词 即由： 连词+ 主语 + V. …, 主语 + V.
→ V-ing …, 主语+ V. e.g. If you turn to the right, you’ll find the school.
条件
4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting
the branch.
伴随
5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式
6) Hearing the news, he got frightened.
5. (walk 和meet同时发生) 6. 2) 当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的
动作后发生，用现在分词的完成式 (having done).
7. Having finished the letter, he went to post it20.
窍门
使用having done或having been done的分 词结构部分常会出现一些用于表示过去或
book4 unit4 grammar
②现在分词的完成被动式。如： Having been warned by the teacher， the students didn’t make such mistakes. 注意：现在分词的完成被动式常作状语。
（6）一般来说，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语 应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的 情况，少部分动词-ing形式可以充当独立成 分，这时句子主语与其无任何语法关系，为 固定形式。常见有： generally /strictly/exactly/honestly speaking 大体/严格/准确/老实地说; judging from/by根据…判断 considering 考虑到 concerning 关于 如：Generally speaking，women are more patient than men.
Unit 4 Body language
Grammar
Ⅱ.语法互动探究 观察探究
1.(1)changed, pacing, waiting, Seeing, receiving, operating, waiting, running, seeing, coming, running
用法归纳
（1）现在分词作定语 单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词 之前；分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰 的名词之后，其作用相当于一个定语从 句。所修饰的名词与现在分词之间存有 逻辑上的主谓关系。如： a running boy一个在跑步的男孩 the girl standing there正站在那儿的女孩
(3) ① knowing ② crossing ③ having been invited ④ reading ⑤ Having taken ⑥ Having closed
人教高中英语必修4Unit4Grammar(共15张PPT)
现在分词做状语
现在分词在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词 和副词。现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在 主动关系。但要注意它地各种形式变化：
主动形式
一般式 V-ing 完成式 having V-ed
被动形式 being V-ed having been V-ed
E.g. Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开 始走进教室。（听见和进入两个动作同时 发生）
(=As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) 既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard.
(=Since you are a student, you should study hard.）
5.__A____ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题)
A. Not knowing
B. knowing not
C. Not having known D. Having not known
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father. 正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法 ，如：in the following years也可用in the
years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the
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Practice: 3. Translation
4. 现在分词作状语 现在分词作状语
状语:方式,伴随,时间,原因, 状语:方式,伴随,时间,原因,
条件等
The girl left the hall still crying. and still cried. Reading the book , he the book, he When he was reading nodded from time to time. time to time. nodded from Turning right, you can see the bank is If you turn right, you can see… opposite to you. Since I don't know his address, can't Not knowing his address, I can'tIsend send this book to this book to him. him. He came riding a bicycle. He came and rode a bicycle. 分词作状语一般都可以转化成一个从句
2. 现在分词作 宾补
singing… 正在唱着一首新 I heard him ________.(正在唱着一首新 歌) doing… Don't have the students __________.(一 一 直 caught the thief ___________.(正在偷一个女孩的钱包 正在偷一个女孩的钱包) 正在偷一个女孩的钱包
Practice: 2. 将下列定从转换成现分
The house which is being built will be our new classroom. The house being built will be … I don't know the doctors who are sitting at the back. …the doctors sitting at the back. People who live comfortably in the towns hardly feel the pleasure of living in the country. People living comfortably in the towns… There are many people who like fishing at the weekend. …many people liking fishing at the weekend.
3. 分词词组通常作后置定语 表示"正在进行的动作"或是" 表示"正在进行的动作"或是"一个在现在或 过去某段时间内的经常化动作" 过去某段时间内的经常化动作" ,可以转换成定 从 The man sitting at the desk is our teacher. The man who is sitting at the desk is our teacher. The students studying at the school are mostly from Shanghai. The students who study at the school are mostly from Shanghai.
非谓语充当状语时, 非谓语充当状语时,其逻辑主语须与 主句主语保持一致. 主句主语保持一致.
现在分词的现在完成时 分词作状语 现在分词的现在完成时(分词作状语 现在完成时 分词作状语)
having done having been done Having finished the work there, we move to another place. Having been shown around the school, we were guided to the gym.
现在分词的时态和语态
主动语态 一般式 完成式 否定 被动语态
doing having done not + 现在分词
being done having been done
现在分词在句中可作哪些成分? 现在分词在句中可作哪些成分?
Yesterday, I planned to buy an interesting novel. Forgetting to bring my wallet, I couldn't pay the money. At that time, a woman choosing book beside me heard me crying and she offered to lend me the money. I was able to buy the book at last and it was really interesting.
1.表示情感心理的及物动词(或称为使动 表示情感心理的及物动词( 表示情感心理的及物动词 词), 如excite, interest, amuse, surprise, fascinate, puzzle, satisfy, encourage, tire, disappoint, bore, +ing成为现在分词,用于 成为现在分词, 成为现在分词 修饰表示" 的名词: 修饰表示"物"的名词: 激动人心的消息 鼓舞人心的演讲 令人迷惑的问题 令人惊讶的结果 令人迷惑的问题
Present participle 现在分词
分词(participle) 分词
分词定义:属于非谓语动词范畴,有动词的特征 分词定义:属于非谓语动词范畴, 及形容词,副词的功能. 及形容词,副词的功能. 分词的种类: 分词的种类:现在分词 & 过去分词 一般形式: & done 一般形式: doing
分词的附加成分
Practice:
If you add two to two, you get four. (If) adding two to two, you get four. Though she drinks a lot, she is in good health. Though drinking a lot, she is …
现在分词作宾补, 现在分词作宾补,表示正在进行的行为
see/watch/hear/feel/smell/notice/observe/find/disco ver/have/get/leave/catch/send/keep + sb/sth. doing
3. 现在分词作定语 现在分词作定语
单个的分词做前置定语 分词词组做后置定语
A 1. Walking along the road, ____________. A. they saw an accident. B. an accident occurred. B 2. Seeing the house on fire, ___________. A. water should be used to put out it. B. he dialed 119.
Practice: 1. 将下列现分转换成定从
We passed many people slowly hiking back up. …many people who were slowly hiking back up. The boy standing by the door arrived only yesterday. The boy who is standing by the door … The man talking with Mary is my brother. The man who is talking with Mary is … The bus waiting by the roadside takes the pupils to school. The bus which waits by the roadside…
将下面的状语从句转化成现在分词 When I was walking to school, I saw him. Walking to school, I saw him. When walking to school, I saw him. 现在分词的一般式前面根据句意, 现在分词的一般式前面根据句意,可以加上 when, while, once, if, although, even if/though
那两个在那儿聊天的学生是我的同学. 那两个在那儿聊天的学生是我的同学. 那儿聊天的学生是我的同学 The two students chatting there are my classmates. 这些规则对那些喜欢开快车的人是很必要的. 这些规则对那些喜欢开快车的人是很必要的. The rules are essential to the people liking to drive fast. 那个正在使用的机器是从美国引进的. 那个正在使用的机器是从美国引进的. The machine being used was introduced from America. 住在这个地区的人们已经习惯了噪音. 住在这个地区的人们已经习惯了噪音. The people living in the area have been used to the noise.
主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 宾补 现在分词
1. 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语
1.They are dancing now. 2.The story is interesting. 1.构成时态 2.形容词:令人 形容词: 构成时态 形容词 令人… His hobby is dancing. 分词具有形容词 副词功能 形容词, 功能; 分词具有形容词,副词功能;动名词具有 名词功能 功能. 名词功能.