英译汉看这个就够了Translation of English idioms

Translation of English idiomsIdioms includes colloquialisms,slangs and proverbs习语包括俗语，谚语和俚语IdiomA group of words that has a special meaning that is different from the ordinary meaning of each separate word.SlangVery informal , sometimes offensive , language that is used especially by people who belong to a particular group.ProverbA shot well-known statement that gives advice or expresses something that is generally true.The ways for translationLiteral translation 直译法Corresponding translation 套译法Explanation translation 释义法Free translation 意译法在具体操作过程中，这几种方法是相互兼顾，相互补充的。

能直译就直译，能意译就意译，能套译就套译。

以不损害原作的“异国情调”为前提，以保持“原汁原味”为特色，便是译者应遵循的翻译原则。

1. Translation of English Idioms习语的翻译1.1直译法不违背译文语言规范，不引起错误联想，能保持英语习语的比喻、形象、民族特色、地方习惯的译法。

a die-hard死硬派think tank思想库time frame时间框架the hot line热线paper tiger纸老虎armed to the teeth武装到牙齿comfort woman慰安妇to burn one’s boats破釜沉舟to fan the flame(s)煽风点火to turn a deaf ear to充耳不闻to have a well-oiled tongue油腔滑调a gentleman’s agreement君子协定an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth以眼还眼，以牙还牙Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧Long absent, soon forgotten. 久别情疏Add fuel to the fire. 火上加油Run with the tail between the legs.夹着尾巴逃跑walls have ears 隔墙有耳Under one’s nose 在某人鼻子底下Packed like sardines 挤得像沙丁鱼罐头Sour grapes 酸葡萄The Trojan horse 特洛伊木马The heel of Achilles 阿基里斯的脚跟The sword of Damocles 悬在达摩克利斯头顶上的剑The cold / hot war 冷战/ 热战An olive branch 橄榄树枝The open-door policy 门户开放政策The most-favored-nation policy 最惠国条款Shuttle diplomacy 穿梭外交A cat has nine lives 猫有九命Blood is thicker that water 血浓于水Barking dogs do not bite 吠狗不咬人A rolling stone gathers no moss 滚石不生苔1.2. Corresponding Translation 套译法用译文语言里的同义习语去套译原文中的习语的一种翻译方法套译法实际上也属于归化译法(domestication)，但这种套译的机会不是很多。

在翻译习语时，有时在汉语中可以找到内容、形式、修辞色彩大致相符的习语；有时甚至连形象、比喻也相同或相似，即译文和原文在内容和形式上相符，意义和修辞色彩相同，形容比喻相同，则用相对应的同义汉语习语套译更感贴切，并能保持“原汁原味”。

但套译时，一定要注意原文的地理、历史、人文、习俗等文化色彩。

castle in the air 空中楼阁to go through fire and water 赴汤蹈火to laugh off one’s head 笑掉牙齿to praise to the skies 捧上天去the apple of the eye 掌上明珠Walls have ears. 隔墙有耳。

Life is but an empty dream. 人生如梦。

Give him an inch and he’ll take an ell. 得寸进尺。

Beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施。

He spent money like water. 花钱如流水。

/挥金如土An idle youth，a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。

While there is life, there is hope. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。

The fish in troubled waters. 浑水摸鱼To add fuel to the fire. 火上浇油To be on thin ice. 如履薄冰Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁A drop in the ocean 沧海一粟To shed crocodile tears 猫哭耗子/老鼠To be out at elbows 捉襟见肘At sixes and sevens 乱七八糟Six of one and half a dozen of the other 半斤八两One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy 一个和尚挑水吃，两个和尚抬水吃，三个和尚没水吃To take French leave 不告而别A stony heart 铁石心肠At one’s fingertips 了如指掌To have a hand like a foot 笨手笨脚As mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉To return good for evil 以德报怨To shut one’s eyes against 视若无睹To talk black into white 颠倒黑白To turn a deaf ear to 充耳不闻Practice makes perfect 熟能生巧Plain sailing 一帆风顺To be dead drunk 烂醉如泥Laugh and grow fat 心宽体胖Tweedledee and Tweedledum 半斤八两To fly into a rage 勃然大怒To look for a needle in a haystack 海底捞针A leap in the dark 轻举妄动To show one’s colors 原形毕露To make a noise in the world 名噪一时More haste,less speed 欲速不到Neither fish not flesh 不伦不类To pick holes in 吹毛求疵To mind one’s P’ s and Q’ s 谨言慎行To be at the end of one’s rope 山穷水尽To flog a dead horse 徒劳无益To turn over a new leaf 改过自新To put all one’s egg in one basket 孤注一掷1.3. Explanation Translation 释义法以忠实通顺地表达原习语的思想、内容、意义为目的，采用解释说明手法，表达原习语在上下文中的涵义。

一般对原文中的习语，不逐字逐句地去翻译，而是按语义、修辞或句法的需要，增加一些解释说明的词，补充完善原习语的意思。

释义法翻译一般用在双语文化或语言的差异很大，译入语难以直接表达的场合。

英语习语包含民族形象和文化特征，为了保持原文的特色，保证译文含义明确，经常采用释义注释译法，使读者不至于感到困惑和误解。

beltway connections 华盛顿政界的各种关系（Beltway原指华盛顿市的道路环线）to meet one’s Waterloo 败走麦城(遭到惨败)skeleton in the cupboard（closet）家丑the touch of Midas 点石成金the Trojan horse 特洛伊木马（内部颠覆者，起内部破坏作用的人或事物)to take French leave 不辞而别；擅自行动to pull the wool over one’s eyes 掩人耳目to open Pandora’s box 打开潘多拉盒子（引起疾病、罪恶、疯狂等各种祸患）1.4. Free Translation 意译法忠实于原文的内容，又不拘泥于原文的形式而采用的按原文意思翻译的一种译法。

to beat about (around) the bush拐弯抹角to break the ice 打破沉默to dog-ear a book 折书角to hold one’s horse 忍耐to know the rope 内行a fish out of water 好不自在Call a spade a spade. 有啥说啥；直言不讳From the egg to the apple.自始至终From the egg to the apple.自始至终At breakfast, eat like a king. 早饭吃饱。

At lunch, eat like a prince. 中饭吃好。

At supper, eat like a pauper. 晚饭吃少。

Rolling stone gathers no moss. 滚石不生苔（搬家不聚财）。

under the counter (table) 鬼鬼祟祟2 俚语的翻译（Translation of Slangs）俚语，是俗语的一种。

是通俗的、粗俗的或通行面窄的方言词，不属于标准英语的范围。

俚语不但出现在口语中，而且也出现在戏剧、电视、电影以及小说的对白中。

俚语一般可分委婉语、咒语和粗俗语。