新托福综合写作模板.doc
新综合写作模板TOEFL iBT综合写作详解及写作模板策略在写作考试中,第一板块是持续25分钟左右的综合写作测试(Integrated task based on what is read and heard)。
综合写作(Integrated Writing)是新考试中新增加的项目,题目内容一般是学术性的,通常涉及课堂、讲座、师生对话等教学活动。
在这种场合中,使用语言的目的是获取所涉及学科的信息,以利于学生更好地完成在北美大学的学业。
具体地讲,考生先读一段资料,然后听一段与所读资料相关的讲座,写作时,考生需要联系所听资料与所读资料以复述的方式将其描述出来,但是要用不同的语言和方式,否则会被认为是剽窃。
所以,综合写作旨在考核考生通过写作来对所读到的和听到的学术信息进行交流的能力。
l 综合写作的考试流程1)考生用3分钟左右的时间阅读一篇230~300词的短文。
文章内容是学术性的,主题比较单一,难度中等。
结构布局具有条理性。
阅读时应试者可以做笔记。
由于速度不是很快,考生一般应有充分的时间归纳文章的主旨大意,既可为后面的听力部分做出一些预测,也可为听完后的写作积累素材。
注意这一部分要带着耳机看阅读材料,因为三分钟结束时没有提示戴耳机的步骤,直接就开始放听力了。
2)3分钟后阅读文章隐去,进入听力部分。
屏幕上将出现老师在讲课的照片,注意不要尝试在照片上找什么线索,考生可以在耳机中听到一段讲课录音,其内容是从不同的视角对同一学术话题的讨论,长度为250~300个单词,时间约为1分半钟。
由此可见,听力的语速是比较快的。
在听录音的过程中,要凭借自己的记忆力,并通过笔记记录下听到的主要内容,以帮助答题。
3)听力篇章结束后,考生有20分钟的时间归纳、组织和回答问题。
在20分钟内完成一篇短文,ETS建议考生的写作长度是150~225词;写作过程中,隐去的文章会重现,考生可以阅读、参考。
此外,写作要求也会出现在屏幕上。
屏幕上的时钟开始计时。
考生最后要以连贯而有逻辑的方式对听力段落中的主要观点进行概括,并且解释听力段落中的这些观点是如何与阅读段落中的观点相关联的。
l 综合写作任务1)在20分钟内完成一篇短文,ETS建议考生的写作长度是150~225词2)阅卷者将根据考生所写文章内容的准确性和完整性以及遣词造句水平的高低给分;3)充分理解题目的要求,找出阅读短文以及听力材料中的主要信息,包括隐含信息,以及这两个材料中信息的相关性;4)对每一条主要信息,考生能提供一定的细节或事实来支持它;5)文章不要求应试者表达自己的观点,只要求应试者用自己的语言全面而准确地再现阅读、听力材料中的主要信息。
必要的时候,可引用原文中的内容,但只能意译,不能生搬硬抄,否则会有剽窃嫌疑。
根据《ETS新考试官方指南》(TOEFL IBT Tips),ETS对考生的建议是对所听和所读的材料都做好笔记,然后对原材料做好概括(summarize)、转述(paraphrase)和引证(cite),最后描述出所听信息和所读信息之间是如何相互关联的。
针对写作任务中的问题,可以用几种不同的方式来表达。
1.如果讲座对阅读文章里面的信息提出质疑,那么写作任务通常是通过下列方式中的一个来表达:1)Summarize the points made in the lecture,being sure to explain how they cast doubt on specific points made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点,解释它们怎样对阅读文章中的具体要点提出质疑。
)2)Summarize the points made in the lecture.being sure to explain how they challenge specific claims/arguments made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点,解释它们怎样对阅读文章中的具体主张/论据提出驳斥。
)3)Summarize the points made in the lecture,being sure to specifically explain how they answer the problems raised in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点,具体解释它们怎样回答阅读文章中提出的问题。
)2.如果讲座支持或加强了阅读文章中的信息,写作的要求通常会以下面的方式来表达:1)Summarize the points made in the lecture,being sure to specifically explain how they support the explanations in the readingpassage.(总结讲座中的要点,具体解释它们怎样支持阅读文章中的解释。
2)Summarize the points made in the lecture,being sure to specifically explain how they strengthen specific points made in the reading passage.(总结讲座中的要点,具体解释它们是怎样加强阅读文章里面的具体要点的。
)对于综合写作,很多准备参加考试的考生可能会有望而却步、无从下手的感觉。
这主要是因为:1)首先,这种题型在国内却极为少见,考生对这种题型几乎没有什么实战经验,并且与此相关的参考资料相对较少,从而使很多刚接触新的考生感到无所适从;2)再次,由于读、听两个输入环节与写这个输出环节紧密相连,无论前面哪一个环节出现了障碍,都会影响到下面的写作环节。
而听力对大多数中国考生来说又都是弱项;3)最后,尽管这种题型的阅读部分难度不大,但阅读材料在写作时的再现,会导致一些写作能力差的考生照搬原文,而不能用自己的语言完成答题,最后导致分数过低。
很显然,综合写作大体上可分为阅读、听力和写作三个环节,所以要成功完成综合写作任务,考生必须做到以下三点:完全弄懂阅读材料和听力材料;抓住阅读材料和听力材料的主旨大意、要点和必要的细节;用正确、清晰的英语表达阅读材料和听力材料的主旨大意、要点和必要的细节。
这三个环节,一环扣一环,尤其是读、听两个环节,无论哪个环节出现疏漏,都会影响到写作环节。
下面我们将结合实例,重点讲解一下考生如何完成综合写作第一个步骤----边读边记笔记。
尽管阅读材料隐去后还会再次出现,但笔者建议,在阅读时尽量将主要的东西记下来。
这是因为:·阅读时间有3分钟,在3分钟内阅读250~300个单词的文章,速度要求并不算高,考生有一定的时间做笔记;·边读边记确实能减少你的压力,使你不必记住每一个细节;·边读边记可以加深理解,也有助于记住要点,为听懂听力材料做好必要的准备;·阅读文章再现时,可将精力放在寻找必要的细节上。
这部分阅读文章这通常具有下面的基本结构:Evidence 1---Supporting example…Main point Evidence 2---Supporting example…Evidence 3---Supporting example…在阅读的过程中,由于文章显示在屏幕上,考生不能直接在文章上做记号。
但是考生可以在空白草纸上记笔记、考生应该把上面的结构当作模板牢记于心,在3分钟的阅读时间里,不仅要读完文章,还要迅速地做出简要的笔记.以便作为辅助,为听清、听懂随后的讲话录音做准备。
具体来讲,考生在阅读阶段,要按以下几个步骤进行:1)通读文章一遍,抓住大意,确定文章的结构。
2)再快速浏览一遍文章,留意关键词和论据要点的记录可以简单一些,不必是一个完整的句子。
在时间紧迫的情况下,考生可以用一些关键词来表达主要的信息。
不必担心忘记阅读材料:开始写作的时候,阅读材料会重新出现在计算机屏幕上。
你第一遍阅读的最重要的目的是为讲座中的思想和论点做准备。
在听到讲座以前,考生不会知道讲座的突出要点是什么。
但是,毫无疑问,讲座的主要内容将围绕这些要点展开,所以认真记下这些要点对听力是相当有帮助的。
l 如何记笔记阅读和听力都要做好笔记,也只有做好笔记,你才有信息可以比较,可以寻找关联,因为ETS不是在让你表达自己的个人观点,而是要求你对所听和所读资料进行转述和比较。
所以,做好结构清楚、简而全的笔记就变得尤为关键。
记笔记不能只是罗列所读到或者听到的东西,而是要记一份结构化的笔记,这样会有效地发现阅读文章和讲座各自的组织架构,以及讲座中的观点是如何与阅读文章相关联的。
1.笔记方法综合写作要求考生把讲座中的观点与阅读文章相关联,所以考生在记笔记时将草稿纸一分为二(横向或纵向对折一下就可以了),根据读听的先后顺序以及我们的日常习惯把左半部分定为阅读记录区,右半部分定为听力记录区。
2.笔记原则作为非母语使用者,考生很难仅凭大脑的记忆就能够妥善地处理并分析读和听的信息。
考生应该通过平时积累,建立一套适合自己使用的速记方法。
听清楚每句话,但是只记重点。
一份成功的笔记是这样的:发现所听材料的隐含结构,找出观点的构架及演讲者是如何在这些构架的基础上构建自己的讲座的。
为避免在听力的过程中记笔记会影响对讲座内容的把握,考生应当遵循以下原则:1)记笔记遵循“二八原则”,听占80%,记占20%,只记要点2)笔记尽量简单,自己能看懂即可,3)多用缩写,不要记完整的词句。
新托福综合写作模板
精心整理总结听力材料summarize the lecture:The speaker talks aboutThe lecture discusses/is mainly discussingThe professor made the point that精彩opening:1) The lecture discusses…which differs from the main idea in the reading that…2) The professor made the point that…. The reading does not discuss this point.Another important point is that…, but the reading does not discuss the point.The lecture supports/illustrates the idea that…The lecture contradicts/refutes/is in contrary to/is the opposite of the idea that…对材料的指称:The speaker/lecturer/professor/listening material/lecture The writer/narrator/reading material/writingreading passage that _________, _________ and _______.First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, thelectures totally disagree with the view made in the reading.Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.2. the first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that....According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading becasue....3. Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by.....4. Finally,the professor stated that ,on the contrary of reading,......In other words,.....This directly contradicts what thereading ,which contends that.....8.Finally, the professor states that ,in support of the reading,.....Specifically,.....This perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicats becausesupport的单词有:enhance, uphold, corrobo,to back, justify, tosubstantiate, to advance,The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and___________So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.IBT托福万能写作模板。
托福综合写作模板
托福综合写作模板
托福综合写作模板(中文版):
第一段:引入
首先,引出综合写作的主题,并简单介绍该主题的重要性或争议性。
同时提供两个观点,即阐述正反两方对该主题的不同看法。
第二段:正方观点
首先,根据阅读材料介绍正方观点的理由和支持论据。
每个理由或论
据都应该扩展为一个独立的句子,并且要使用适当的例子、数据或者
研究结果来支撑观点。
第三段:反方观点
接下来,根据听力材料介绍反方观点的理由和支持论据。
同样,每个
理由或论据都应该成为一个独立的句子,并且要提供适当的例子、数
据或者研究结果来支持观点。
第四段:解决方案
在这一段,可以提出一个综合的解决方案,以平衡正反观点。
这个方
案可以是通过采取某些策略或措施来解决观点之间的冲突或平衡双方
的利益。
第五段:总结
总结以上观点,重申主题的重要性或争议性,并强调解决方案的优势。
最后,可以提出一个建议或展望,进一步发展该主题的研究或实践价值。
注意事项:
1. 尽量避免使用第一人称代词,例如"I think"或"We believe",而
应该使用一般性的表述,例如"It can be argued that"或"Some people contend that"等。
2. 使用适当的过渡词和连接词将每个段落连接起来,使整篇文章更连贯。
3. 避免出现拼写和语法错误,以及书面语与口语的混用。
新托福综合写作范文
新托福综合写作范文
综合写作是新托福考试中的一部分,主要考察考生的阅读和听力能力,以及对两篇材料的综合分析和整合能力。
在综合写作中,考生需要阅读一篇短文和听一段短对话或演讲,然后根据所提供的信息,撰写一篇150-225字的作文,对所听到的内容进行分析和评论。
在综合写作中,考生需要注意以下几点:首先,要仔细阅读和听取所提供的材料,理解其中的主要观点和论证。
其次,要注意材料中的关键信息和论证方法,可以在写作中引用并加以分析。
此外,考生还应注意文章的结构和语言表达,使其逻辑清晰、流畅。
在综合写作中,考生可以采用以下结构来组织文章:首先,简要介绍材料的主题和内容,确保读者对材料有所了解。
然后,阐述材料的主要观点和论证,可以引用材料中的关键信息来支持自己的观点。
接下来,对材料进行分析和评论,指出其优点和不足之处。
最后,总结全文,并给出自己的结论。
在综合写作中,要注意使用恰当的词汇和句式来表达自己的观点。
可以使用一些学术性的词汇和短语,如“research shows that”、“according to the article”等,以增加文章的可信度和说服力。
此外,要注意语法和拼写的正确性,以免影响文章的质量。
综合写作是新托福考试中的一项重要内容,考生需要具备良好的阅读和听力能力,以及对所提供材料的综合分析和整合能力。
在写作
过程中,考生要注意材料的主旨和论证,合理安排文章结构,使用恰当的词汇和句式来表达自己的观点。
通过充分准备和练习,考生可以提高自己的综合写作水平,取得好的成绩。
托福综合作文写作万能模板
托福综合作文写作万能模板一,对立类(就一个事物判断是与否agree or disagree)1,开头(给出A B C三个方案)A方案.(GM)With the development/introduction…, xxx, the xxx, are more and more +adj/ become adj increasingly. Xxx often face the dilemma of whether to vt …… with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that……/ I think to vt what would be a better choice.B方案.在日常生活中,有很多值得我们去推敲判断的问题。
就像我们看到上文作者提出的问题时,你会如何认为?(有的人认为……;也有的人认为……;)就我的来说,如下的考虑方向使得我认为……。
In daily life /during our life, so many problems are worth considering carefully. As what has been come up with, when you face/when it comes to /there is a public debate today that/recently the problem has been brought into focus that… ……what is your choice and what is your opinion? Some hold the view that/some think………..while the others believe that………. However, with all aspects carefully considered, I believe that……………零碎的句子:A is a common way of ….., but is it a wise one?Some people hold the different view……C方案. (excellent) 如果发现能够用到反问排比就这样套句,前提是你的例子充足多,头脑风暴用的又好又快。
托福综合作文模板范文
托福综合作文模板范文一、综合作文模板。
It is universally acknowledged that……(名言或者名言性质的句子)。
As a proverb says, “……(引用名言)”。
From a personal point of view, I am inclined to beof the opinion that……(表明自己的观点)。
There are a number of reasons behind my belief. First and foremost,……(原因一)。
Furthermore,……(原因二)。
Last but not least,……(原因三)。
In conclusion, I am of the opinion that……(重申自己的观点)。
Therefore, it is not a surprise that……(得出结论)。
二、综合作文范文。
Directions: Read the following passage and the lecture that follows. On thebasis of the information provided in the passage and the lecture, write a response inwhich you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.You have 30 minutes to plan, write, and revise your essay.Passage。
新版托福作文模板
新版托福作文模板英文回答:Task 1:Instructions: You will be presented with a diagram or other visual representation of a process or system. Analyze the diagram and describe how the process or system works.Model Response:The diagram depicts the process of photosynthesis, a complex biochemical reaction that occurs in the chloroplasts of plant cells. During photosynthesis, plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a form of sugar that the plant can use for energy.The process begins with the absorption of sunlight by chlorophyll, a green pigment found in the chloroplasts.This energy is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen atoms are then used to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose, while the oxygen atoms are released as a waste product.In addition to sunlight, photosynthesis requires the presence of carbon dioxide and water. Carbon dioxide is taken up from the atmosphere through the stomata, small openings in the leaves. Water is taken up from the soil through the roots and transported to the leaves through the xylem.The rate of photosynthesis is affected by a number of factors, including the intensity of sunlight, the availability of carbon dioxide and water, and the temperature. Photosynthesis is most efficient when the sunlight is bright, the carbon dioxide concentration is high, the water supply is adequate, and the temperature is moderate.Task 2:Instructions: You will be presented with a statement or question that requires you to express your opinion. Youwill need to write an essay in which you present your opinion and provide evidence to support it.Model Response:Topic: The Internet has made the world a smaller place. Do you agree or disagree?Response:The Internet has undoubtedly made the world a smaller place. Distance is no longer a barrier to communication, and information is more readily available than ever before. We can now stay connected with friends and family around the world, and we can access news, entertainment, and educational resources from anywhere with an Internet connection.The Internet has also made it easier to do business globally. Companies can now reach a global audience withtheir products and services, and consumers can shop from a wider variety of retailers. The Internet has also helped to level the playing field for small businesses, as they can now compete with larger businesses on a more equal footing.However, it is important to remember that the Internet is a double-edged sword. While it can make the world a smaller place, it can also lead to a sense of isolation and loneliness. People who spend too much time online may find themselves neglecting their real-world relationships. Additionally, the Internet can be a source of misinformation and propaganda, and it can be difficult to determine what information is true and what is not.Overall, the Internet has had a positive impact on the world. It has made the world a smaller place, it has madeit easier to do business, and it has provided us with access to a wealth of information. However, it is important to be aware of the potential drawbacks of the Internet and to use it wisely.中文回答:任务 1:说明,你将看到一个流程或系统的图表或其他视觉表示。
新托福作文格式范文模板
新托福作文格式范文模板一、Introduction(简介)。
1. 背景介绍。
2. 问题陈述。
3. 个人观点。
二、Body Paragraphs(正文段落)。
1. 主题句。
2. 举例论证。
3. 分析解释。
三、Conclusion(结论)。
1. 总结观点。
2. 再次强调个人观点。
3. 提出建议或展望未来。
范文:Title: The Impact of Social Media on Interpersonal Relationships。
Introduction。
Social media has become an integral part of our daily lives, with billions of people using platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter to connect with others. However, the rise of social media has also raised concerns about its impact on interpersonal relationships. In this essay, I will explore the effects of social media on ourrelationships and argue that while it has both positive and negative aspects, it ultimately depends on how it is used.Body Paragraphs。
One of the main ways in which social media affects interpersonal relationships is through communication. With the advent of messaging apps and social networking sites, it has become easier than ever to stay in touch with friends and family, regardless of geographical distance. For example, I have a friend who lives in another country, and we are able to keep in touch through regular video calls and messaging. This has allowed us to maintain a close relationship despite the physical distance between us. Additionally, social media provides a platform for people to share their lives with others, which can help to foster a sense of connection and community.However, social media also has its downsides when it comes to interpersonal relationships. One of the most common criticisms is that it can lead to a decrease in the quality of communication. Many people rely on text-based communication, which lacks the nuances of face-to-face interaction. This can lead to misunderstandings and misinterpretations, and may ultimately harm relationships. Furthermore, social media can also create a sense of comparison and competition, as people often showcase only the highlights of their lives, leading others to feel inadequate or envious. This can strain relationships and lead to feelings of insecurity and dissatisfaction.Conclusion。
托福综合作文模板英语
托福综合作文模板英语英文回答:TOEFL Independent Writing Template。
Introduction。
Begin with a hook statement to capture the reader's attention.State the topic and your overall opinion on it in one sentence.Body Paragraph 1。
Topic sentence: State one reason for your opinion.Supporting evidence: Provide specific details, examples, or research to support your reason.Analysis: Explain how the evidence supports yourreason and strengthens your overall argument.Body Paragraph 2。
Topic sentence: State a second reason for your opinion.Supporting evidence: Provide specific details, examples, or research to support your reason.Analysis: Explain how the evidence supports yourreason and strengthens your overall argument.Body Paragraph 3 (Optional)。
Topic sentence: Offer an opposing viewpoint andaddress it.Evidence and analysis: Provide evidence and analysisto demonstrate why the opposing viewpoint is not valid or less convincing than your own.Conclusion。
托福写作 综合写作模板必知.doc
托福写作综合写作模板必知根据综合写作的出题形式可知,综合写作局部要求根据阅读和听力文本进行写作。
总体来说,就是阐述听力局部如何反驳或者支持阅读局部的内容。
因此,托福综合写作局部存在很多的模板性质,考生完全可以积累和运用一些模板,帮助自己优化文章内容。
接下来,给大家带来了托福综合写作模板的相关知识,希望可以帮助考生在新托福写作中取得一满意的成绩!托福写作综合局部的开头段一般来说是首先提出听力局部的观点以及相应的论据内容。
然后紧接着用连词“inaddition”、”meanwhile”或者是“moreover”引出阅读局部相反或者是相同的观点以及对应的论据。
托福综合写作的开头段起着交代文章主旨以及概括文章主要内容的作用。
开篇交代出阅读和听力局部的关系以及相应的内容,给读者直观表达,从而方便接下来中间段的论述。
因此,托福综合写作开头段的写作框架是固定不变的,考生只要根据题目内容不同,填入相应的内容即可。
在托福写作开头段做好铺垫之后,中间段落的主要内容就是论述听力和阅读之间的关系。
一般来说,托福综合写作的中间段落分为3段,每一段的框架和结构是一致的,主要是提出听力局部的论点和论据,然后用一个转折连词或者递进关系的词汇,引出阅读局部的论点和论据内容。
这里要注意的是三个段落之间的关系是并列的,考生可以用表示序列的“first、second、third”来连接三个段落之间的关系。
托福综合写作的结尾段和所有形式差不多,都是起到总结和概括文章内容的作用。
但是,在这里,一般来说就是再次申述一下阅读和听力之间的关系即可。
在这局部,标志性的连接词就是“inall、to sum up、in summary”等。
虽然,结尾段看似和开头段落的内容差不多,但是,结尾段更侧重于表达听力或者阅读局部的缺乏,从而确定文章的一个中心。
此外,还要注意的一点就是,托福综合写作局部的结尾段可以省略。
托福英语综合作文模板
托福英语综合作文模板英文回答:Integrated Writing Task Template。
Step 1: Read the prompt carefully。
Identify the question or topic that the prompt asksyou to address.Note any specific instructions or requirementsprovided in the prompt.Step 2: Analyze the source text。
Determine the main point or purpose of the source text.Identify the key arguments, evidence, and examples presented in the text.Consider the author's perspective and tone.Step 3: Develop a thesis statement。
Formulate a clear and concise statement that expresses your position on the topic.Ensure that your thesis statement is supported by evidence from the source text.Step 4: Organize your response。
Divide your response into logical paragraphs that support your thesis statement.Use topic sentences to introduce each paragraph and provide a smooth transition between ideas.Step 5: Write your response。
