maze

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(完整版)英语辅音字母x(1)Y、Z(3)的象形及延伸

(完整版)英语辅音字母x(1)Y、Z(3)的象形及延伸

英语辅音字母x的象形及延伸1X 绳索交叉形状,含义为“捆绑、合并”等。

ax斧头ox牛,公牛fix固定annex附件,并吞,附加mix使混和,混淆plex丛X大写的X象交叉路。

使人"莫知所适"而产生"奇异"、"烦恼"感。

中国古人会"见歧路而哭"。

法国诺查丹玛斯《大预言》中所说的神奇的"大十字架",据说有人用电脑核对,应是星星作大交叉的特殊排列。

可见"古今中外"都会因"交叉"而联想到"奇异"和"烦恼"。

代表单字为exotic:异国情调的、奇异的。

由"交叉"又引伸为"交织"、"复杂"等义。

如:textile:纺织。

hex巫婆,术士intoxicated陶醉的paradox似非而是buxom丰满娇媚perplex困惑,使纠缠不清vex苦恼fix困境mix混合nix水中精灵,无phoenix凤凰buxom活泼的exotic异国情味的apex顶点,最高点climax高潮pixilated精神有点失常的,怪僻的pixy妖精,小鬼字母X - 象形交叉状,喻四面八方Xx大小写都表示十字交叉状,通常喻指四面八方。

如anxious(焦急的)一词,表示一个人(a)在门(n)旁坐着,看到四面八方(x)都在漏水(i),能不焦急(anxious)吗?X眩晕、怪异英语辅音字母y象形及延伸大写Y象棵树。

古人伐木造舟,故有"舟航"义。

树木欣欣向荣,象徵一种青春的生气。

故又有"青春"义。

代表单字为yacht:游艇。

yacht快艇,游艇yaw偏航yawl小帆船yeasty 酵母,激动yield出产,生长出young年轻youth青春Y 离地面有一段距离的树的分叉点,含义为“(时间、空间上)中间位置”等。

maze手术与其术后监护

maze手术与其术后监护
它是一种微创手术,通过在心脏内部 制造一系列的通道(迷宫)来达到消 除房颤的目的,因此被称为“迷宫” 手术。
maze手术的历史与发展
1987年,Cox等首次报道了迷宫手术 ,并取得了良好的效果。
目前,随着医学技术的不断进步,迷 宫手术已经从传统的开胸手术逐渐发 展为微创手术,具有创伤小、恢复快 、效果显著等优点。
1995年,国内开始开展迷宫手术治疗 房颤,经过多年的发展,该手术已经 成为治疗房颤的重要手段之一。
maze手术的原理与技术
迷宫手术的原理是通过一系列的 解剖和生理重构,消除房颤的触 发因素和维持机制,从而恢复和
维持心脏的正常节律。
具体技术包括在心脏内部制造一 系列的通道(迷宫),切断或隔 离异常的电信号传导路径,以及 修复或替换病变的心脏瓣膜等。
先天性心脏病患者
对于合并先天性心脏畸形 的患者,maze手术可与 其他心脏畸形矫治手术同 时进行。
手术效果
消除或减少心律失常
通过在心内膜上形成一系列的疤痕,maze手术能够消除或减少心 房内的异常电信号传导,从而消除或减少心律失常的发生。
改善心脏功能
通过消除心律失常,maze手术有助于改善心脏的收缩和舒张功能 ,提高患者的生活质量和预ze手术的术后监护
术后监护的重要性
监测病情变化
术后监护可以实时监测患 者的生命体征和病情变化 ,及时发现并处理任何异 常情况。
预防并发症
通过术后监护,可以及早 发现并处理可能出现的术 后并发症,如出血、感染 、心脏疾病等。
促进康复
术后监护能够确保患者得 到适当的护理和治疗,有 助于加速康复进程,缩短 住院时间。
监测患者的生命体征。
定期记录数据
医护人员应定时记录患者的生 命体征数据,并进行分析,以 便及时发现异常情况。

MAZE系统需求分析

MAZE系统需求分析

MAZE系统需求分析一、引言1.1编写目的1.2参考资料二、任务概述2.1系统简介2.2目标2.3用户的特点三、需求分析3.1功能需求3.2性能需求3.3数据流图3.4功能模块3.5游戏流程四、运行环境规定一、引言1.1编写目的本需求分析报告编写的目的是为开发MAZE系统做好指导方针,旨在提高软件开发过程中的能见度,以便于对软件开发过程进行控制与管理,并作为本次软件开发的原始依据。

1.2参考资料《软件工程》安葳鹏中国矿业大学出版社二、任务概述2.1系统简介任务主要是实现一个警察和强盗对决的游戏软件,系统以官兵捉强盗为背景,来充分演示Agent和多Agent的各种特性,比如:Agent的自治性、能动性、通信能力、协调与协作能力等。

在Maze系统中,每个Agent对应一个官兵或者强盗,所有的Agent就组成了一个多Agent。

它们遵循以下的运行规则:所有的Agent被分为两个相互对抗的组织:Police(官兵)和Enemy(强盗)。

其中Police(官兵)根据其职权不同又分为:Commander (指挥官)和Soldier(士兵);与此类似,Enemy(强盗)也分为:Robber(强盗头目)和Subrob(小喽啰)。

在官兵和强盗相互追逐、相互对抗的过程中,在同一个组织内部会出现队友之间的协调和协作,但是每个Agent又都有自己的意愿,因此面对队友提出的请求,它可以拒绝也可以接受。

每个Agent都具有的属性值:体力临界值、速度临界值、位置等。

这些值之间是相互关联的,比如说体力值越高,Agent 的速度则越快。

2.2目标开发出符合需求的游戏。

旨在提高我们的编程能力和团队协作能力。

并把《软件工程》中的理论知识运用一下,加深理解。

2.3用户的特点主要面向大众人群,界面设计要人性化,便于用户使用,易于非技术人员操作,要把界面设计得美观。

三、需求分析3.1功能需求(1)Agent自身的设计:每个Agent都像游戏中的各个角色一样都具有自己的体力临界值、速度临界值、位置等,并且这些值之间是相互关联的,比如说体力值越高,Agent的速度则越快,而且这些值的大小还决定了Agent的自治性和它们之间的协作程度(呈反比关系);(2)两组自利Agent之间的对抗:每个Agent都属于两种不同的组织,任务是在迷宫中搜索敌人并消灭敌人,当发现敌人的时候,Agent根据自身的情况可以攻击敌人,也可以向队友求助或者逃跑。

谁动了我的奶酪--英文

谁动了我的奶酪--英文

谁动了我的奶酪--英文Ó?ÎÄÃûƪ-Ë,??ÁËÎÒµÄÄÌÀÒONCE, long ago in a land far away, there lived four littlecharacters who ran through a maze looking for cheese to nourish them and make them happy.Two were mice, named "Sniff" and "Scurry" and two were littlepeople-beings who were as small as mice but who looked and acted a lot like people today.Their names were "Hem" and "Haw."Due to their small size, it would be easy not to notice what thefour of them were doing. But if you looked closely enough, you could discover the most amazing things!Every day the mice and the littlepeople spent time in the mazelooking for their own special cheese. The mice, Sniff and Scurry, possessing only simple rodent brains, but good instincts, searched forthe hard nibbling cheese they liked, as mice often do.The two littlepeople, Hem and Haw, used their brains, filled withmany beliefs, to search for a very different kind of Cheese - with a capital C -which they believed would make them feel happy and successful.As different as the mice and littlepeople were, they sharedsomething in common: every morning, they each put on their jogging suits and running shoes, left their little homes, and raced out into the maze looking for their favorite cheese.The maze was a labyrinth of corridors and chambers, some containing delicious cheese. But there were also dark corners and blind alleys leading nowhere. It was an easy place for anyone to get lost.However, for those who found their way, the maze held secrets thatlet them enjoy a better life.The mice, Sniff and Scurry, used the simple, but inefficient,trial-and-error method of finding cheese. They ran down one corridor and if it proved empty, they turned and ran down another.Sniff would smell out the general direction of the cheese, using his great nose, and Scurry would race ahead. They got lost, as you might expect, went off in the wrong direction and often bumped into walls.However, the two littlepeople, Hem and Haw, used a different method that relied on their ability to think and learn from their past experiences,although, they would sometimes get confused by their beliefs and emotions.Eventually in their own way, they all discovered what they were looking for - they each found their own kind of cheese one day at the end of one of the corridors in Cheese Station C.Every morning after that, the mice and the littlepeople dressed in their running gear and headed over to Cheese Station C. It wasn't long before they each established their own routine.Sniff and Scurry continued to wake early every day and race through the maze, always following the same route.When they arrived at their destination, the mice took off their running shoes, tied them together and hung them around their necks-so they could get to them quickly whenever they needed them again. Then they enjoyed the cheese.In the beginning Hem and Haw also raced toward Cheese Station Cevery morning to enjoy the tasty new morsels that awaited them.But after a while, a different routine set in for the littlepeople.Hem and Haw awoke each day a little later, dressed a little slower, and walked to Cheese Station C. After all, they knew where the Cheese was now and how to get there.They had no idea where the Cheese came from, or who put it there. They just assumed it would be there.As soon as Hem and Haw arrived at Cheese Station C each morning,they settled in and made themselves at home. They hung up their jogging suits, put away their running shoes and put on their slippers. They were becoming very comfortable now that they had found the Cheese."This is great," Hem said. "There's enough Cheese here to last us forever."The littlepeople felt happy and successful, and thought they were now secure.It wasn't long before Hem and Haw regarded the Cheese they found at Cheese Station C as their cheese. It was such a large store of Cheese that they eventually moved their homes to be closer to it, and built a social life around it.To make themselves feel more at home, Hem and Haw decorated thewalls with sayings and even drew pictures of Cheese around them which made them smile.One read:Sometimes Hem and Haw would take their friends by to see their pileof Cheese at Cheese Station C, and point to it with pride, saying, "Pretty nice Cheese, huh?" Sometimes they shared it with their friends and sometimes they didn't."We deserve this Cheese," Hem said. "We certainly had to work long and hard enough to find it." He picked up a nice fresh piece and ate it.Afterwards, Hem fell asleep, as he often did.Every night the littlepeople would waddle home, full of Cheese, and every morning they would confidently return for more.This went on for quite some time.After a while Hem's and Haw's confidence grew into arrogance. Soon they became so comfortable they didn't even notice what was happening.As time went on, Sniff and Scurry continued their routine. They arrived early each morning and sniffed and scratched and scurried around Cheese Station C, inspecting the area to see if there had been any changes from the day before. Then they would sit down to nibble on the cheese.One morning they arrived at Cheese Station C and discovered therewas no cheese.They weren't surprised. Since Sniff and Scurry had noticed thesupply of cheese had been getting smaller every day, they were prepared for the inevitable and knew instinctively what to do.They looked at each other, removed the running shoes they had tied together and hung conveniently around their necks, put them on theirfeet and laced them up.The mice did not overanalyze things. And they were not burdened with many complex beliefs.To the mice, the problem and the answer were both simple. Thesituation at CheeseStation C had changed. So, Sniff and Scurry decided to change.They both looked out into the maze. Then Sniff lifted his nose, sniffed, and nodded to Scurry, who took off running through the maze, while Sniff followed as fast as he could.They were quickly off in search of New Cheese.Later that same day, Hem and Haw arrived at Cheese Station C. They had not been paying attention to the small changes that had been taking place each day, so they took it for granted their Cheese would be there.They were unprepared for what they found."What! No Cheese?" Hem yelled. He continued yelling, "No Cheese? No Cheese?" as though if he shouted loud enough someone would put it back." Who moved my Cheese? ONCE, long ago in a land far away, therelived four little characters who ran through a maze looking for cheeseto nourish them and make them happy.Two were mice, named "Sniff" and "Scurry" and two were littlepeople-beings who were as small as mice but who looked and acted a lot like people today.Their names were "Hem" and "Haw."Due to their small size, it would be easy not to notice what thefour of them were doing. But if you looked closely enough, you could discover the most amazing things!Every day the mice and the littlepeople spent time in the maze looking for their own special cheese. The mice, Sniff and Scurry, possessing only simple rodent brains, but good instincts, searched for the hard nibbling cheese they liked, as mice often do.The two littlepeople, Hem and Haw, used their brains, filled with many beliefs, to search for a very different kind of Cheese - with a capital C - which they believed would make them feel happy and successful.As different as the mice and littlepeople were, they shared something in common: every morning, they each put on their jogging suits and running shoes, left their little homes, and raced out into the maze looking for their favorite cheese.The maze was a labyrinth of corridors and chambers, some containing delicious cheese. But there were also dark corners and blind alleys leading nowhere. It was an easy place for anyone to get lost.However, for those who found their way, the maze held secrets thatlet them enjoy a better life.The mice, Sniff and Scurry, used the simple, but inefficient, trial-and-error method of finding cheese. They ran down one corridor and if it proved empty, they turned and ran down another.Sniff would smell out the general direction of the cheese, using his great nose, and Scurry would race ahead. They got lost, as you might expect, went off in the wrong direction and often bumped into walls.However, the two littlepeople, Hem and Haw, used a different method that relied on their ability to think and learn from their past experiences, although, they would sometimes get confused by theirbeliefs and emotions.Eventually in their own way, they all discovered what they were looking for - theyeach found their own kind of cheese one day at the end of one of the corridors in Cheese Station C.Every morning after that, the mice and the littlepeople dressed in their running gear and headed over to Cheese Station C. It wasn't long before they each established their own routine.Sniff and Scurry continued to wake early every day and race through the maze, always following the same route.When they arrived at their destination, the mice took off their running shoes, tied them together and hung them around their necks-so they could get to them quickly whenever they needed them again. Then they enjoyed thecheese.In the beginning Hem and Haw also raced toward Cheese Station Cevery morning to enjoy the tasty new morsels that awaited them.But after a while, a different routine set in for the littlepeople.Hem and Haw awoke each day a little later, dressed a little slower, and walked to Cheese Station C. After all, they knew where the Cheese was now and how to get there.They had no idea where the Cheese came from, or who put it there. They just assumed it would be there.As soon as Hem and Haw arrived at Cheese Station C each morning,they settled in and made themselves at home. They hung up their jogging suits, put away their running shoes and put on their slippers. They were becoming very comfortable now that they had found the Cheese."This is great," Hem said. "There's enough Cheese here to last us forever."The littlepeople felt happy and successful, and thought they were now secure.It wasn't long before Hem and Haw regarded the Cheese they found at Cheese Station C as their cheese. It was such a large store of Cheese that they eventually moved their homes to be closer to it, and built a social life around it.To make themselves feel more at home, Hem and Haw decorated thewalls with sayings and even drew pictures of Cheese around them which made them smile.One read:Sometimes Hem and Haw would take their friends by to see their pileof Cheese at Cheese Station C, and point to it with pride, saying, "Pretty nice Cheese, huh?" Sometimes they shared it with their friends and sometimes they didn't."We deserve this Cheese," Hem said. "We certainly had to work long and hard enough to find it." He picked up a nice fresh piece and ate it.Afterwards, Hem fell asleep, as he often did.Every night the littlepeople would waddle home, full of Cheese, and every morning they would confidently return for more.This went on for quite some time.After a while Hem's and Haw's confidence grew into arrogance. Soon they became so comfortable they didn't even notice what was happening.As time went on, Sniff and Scurry continued their routine. They arrived early each morning and sniffed and scratched and scurried around Cheese Station C, inspectingthe area to see if there had been any changes from the day before. Then they would sit down to nibble on the cheese.One morning they arrived at Cheese Station C and discovered therewas no cheese.They weren't surprised. Since Sniff and Scurry had noticed thesupply of cheese had been getting smaller every day, they were prepared for the inevitable and knew instinctively what to do.They looked at each other, removed the running shoes they had tied together and hung conveniently around their necks, put them on theirfeet and laced them up.The mice did not overanalyze things. And they were not burdened with many complex beliefs.To the mice, the problem and the answer were both simple. Thesituation at Cheese Station C had changed. So, Sniff and Scurry decided to change.They both looked out into the maze. Then Sniff lifted his nose, sniffed, and nodded to Scurry, who took off running through the maze, while Sniff followed as fast as he could.They were quickly off in search of New Cheese.Later that same day, Hem and Haw arrived at Cheese Station C. They had not been paying attention to the small changes that had been taking place each day, so they took it for granted their Cheese would be there.They were unprepared for what they found."What! No Cheese?" Hem yelled. He continued yelling, "No Cheese? No Cheese?" as though if he shouted loud enough someone would put it back."Who moved my Cheese?" he hollered.Finally, he put his hands on his hips, his face turned red, and he screamed at the top of his voice, "It's not fair!"Haw just shook his head in disbelief. He, too, had counted onfinding Cheese at Cheese Station C. He stood there for a long time, frozen with shock. He was just not ready for this.Hem was yelling something, but Haw didn't want to hear it. He didn't want to deal with what was facing him, so he just tuned everything out.The littlepeoples' behavior was not very attractive or productivebut it was understandable.Finding Cheese wasn't easy, and it meant a great deal more to the littlepeople than just having enough of it to eat every day.Finding Cheese was the littlepeoples' way of getting what theythought they needed to be happy. They had their own ideas of what Cheese meant to them, depending on their taste.For some, finding Cheese was having material things. For others it was enjoying good health, or developing a spiritual sense of well-being.For Haw, Cheese just meant feeling safe, having a loving family someday and living in a cozy cottage on Cheddar Lane.To Hem, Cheese was becoming A Big Cheese in charge of others and owning a big house atop Camembert Hill.Because Cheese was important to them, the two littlepeople spent a long time tryingto decide what to do. All they could think of was to keep looking around Cheeseless Station C to see if the Cheese was really gone.While Sniff and Scurry had quickly moved on, Hem and Haw continuedto hem and haw.They ranted and raved at the injustice of it all. Haw started to get depressed. What would happen if the Cheese wasn't there tomorrow? He had made future plans based on this Cheese.The littlepeople couldn't believe it. How could this have happened? No one had warned them. It wasn't right. It was not the way things were supposed to be.Hem and Haw went home that night hungry and discouraged. But before they left, Haw wrote on the wall:The next day Hem and Haw left their homes, and returned to Cheese Station C again, where they still expected, somehow, to find their Cheese.The situation hadn't changed, the Cheese was no longer there. The littlepeople didn't know what to do. Hem and Haw just stood there, immobilized like two statues.Haw shut his eyes as tight as he could and put his hands over his ears. He just wanted to block everything out. He didn't want to know the Cheese supply had gradually been getting smaller. He believed it had been moved all of a sudden.Hem analyzed the situation over and over and eventually his complicated brain with its huge belief system took hold. "Why did they do this to me?" he demanded. "What's really going on here?"Finally, Haw opened his eyes, looked around and said, "By the way, where are Sniff and Scurry? Do you think they know something we don't?" he hollered.Finally, he put his hands on his hips, his face turned red, and he screamed at the top of his voice, "It's not fair!"Haw just shook his head in disbelief. He, too, had counted onfinding Cheese at Cheese Station C. He stood there for a long time, frozen with shock. He was just not ready for this.Hem was yelling something, but Haw didn't want to hear it. He didn't want to deal with what was facing him, so he just tuned everything out.The littlepeoples' behavior was not very attractive or productivebut it was understandable.Finding Cheese wasn't easy, and it meant a great deal more to the littlepeople than just having enough of it to eat every day.Finding Cheese was the littlepeoples' way of getting what theythought they needed to be happy. They had their own ideas of what Cheese meant to them, depending on their taste.For some, finding Cheese was having material things. For others it was enjoying good health, or developing a spiritual sense of well-being.For Haw, Cheese just meant feeling safe, having a loving family someday and living in a cozy cottage on Cheddar Lane.To Hem, Cheese was becoming A Big Cheese in charge of others and owning a big house atop Camembert Hill.Because Cheese was important to them, the two littlepeople spent a long time trying to decide what to do. All they could think of was to keep looking around CheeselessStation C to see if the Cheese was really gone.While Sniff and Scurry had quickly moved on, Hem and Haw continuedto hem and haw.They ranted and raved at the injustice of it all. Haw started to get depressed. What would happen if the Cheese wasn't there tomorrow? He had made future plans based on this Cheese.The littlepeople couldn't believe it. How could this have happened? No one had warned them. It wasn't right. It was not the way things were supposed to be.Hem and Haw went home that night hungry and discouraged. But before they left, Haw wrote on the wall:The next day Hem and Haw left their homes, and returned to Cheese Station C again, where they still expected, somehow, to find their Cheese.The situation hadn't changed, the Cheese was no longer there. The littlepeople didn't know what to do. Hem and Haw just stood there, immobilized like two statues.Haw shut his eyes as tight as he could and put his hands over his ears. He just wanted to block everything out. He didn't want to know the Cheese supply had gradually been getting smaller. He believed it had been moved all of a sudden.Hem analyzed the situation over and over and eventually his complicated brain with its huge belief system took hold. "Why did they do this to me?" he demanded. "What's really going on here?"Finally, Haw opened his eyes, looked around and said, "By the way, where are Sniff and Scurry? Do you think they know something we don't?"。

食品专业词汇

食品专业词汇

maze n. ①迷宫,迷津,曲径;②混乱,迷惑vt.①使如入迷津②使困惑,使为难‖~d a.迷惘的,困惑的corridor n. ①走廊,回廊,通路②走廊地带③空中走廊diversity n.①差异,不同②多样性,变化 in between 在中间,每间隔,在期间 commonsense 有常识的,明明白白的,一望而maze n. ①迷宫,迷津,曲径;②混乱,迷惑 vt.①使如入迷津②使困惑,使为难‖~d a.迷惘的,困惑的corridor n. ①走廊,回廊,通路②走廊地带③空中走廊diversity n.①差异,不同②多样性,变化in between 在中间,每间隔,在…期间commonsense 有常识的,明明白白的,一望而知的commonsensible (符合)常识的guideline n.①指导路线,方针,准则,指标②指路绳;[印]样张,样行,标线interchangeable ①可交换的,可交替的②可互换的interdependent 互相依赖的,互相依存nourishment ①食物,滋养品②营养情况nutrient ①营养的,滋养的②营养素,营养物consume vt.①消费,消耗,浪费,吃光,喝光②消灭,毁灭vi.消灭, 毁灭,消磨,(花,叶等) 枯萎(away) be ~d with 被…所吞噬;因(忧愁,妒嫉)而变的憔悴nutrition 营养nutritional 营养的nutritive 营养的,滋养的,食品的,食物的odor气味odorant ①有香气的,有气味的②任何有气味的物体flavor ①味,香味,风味,滋味②食用香料③食用香精④调料category n.①种类,部属,类目②[数]范畴,类型③[哲]范畴carbohydrate 碳水化合物,糖类mineral 矿物质,食品中的痕量物质vitamin 维生素,维他命get along 过活,生存essential a.①本质的,实质的,基本的②必需的,必不可少的③提炼的,精华的n.[常用复]①本质,实质②要素,要点,必需品whereby ad.①(疑问副词)靠什么②(关系副词)靠那个A device ~to get warmth取暖的设备metabolism 新陈代谢,代谢(作用)intravenous feeding 静脉进食vein n.①静脉,血管②性情,气质,才干,语调,风格,意向③纹理,木纹vital 生命的;生机的;维持生命所必需的optimum n.[生](生长繁殖的)最适条件;最适度a.最适的facet n. ①(多面体的)面,(宝石等的)刻面,小(平)面②(题目,性格,思想等的)某一方面vt. 在…上刻面intake n. ①吸入,纳入,收纳②纳入(数)量③(水、气体流入沟、管的)入口④被收纳的东西⑤[医]摄取~of food食物摄取availability n.①可用性,有效性,效力②可得性,可得到的东西(或人员)identify vt.①使等同于,认为…一致(with) ②认出;识别,鉴定,验明③[生]确定…在分类学上的位置vi.一致,成为一致fascinate vt.①迷住,使神魂颠倒,强烈地吸引住②使呆住,蛊惑vi.迷人,极度吸引人fascinator n.①迷人者②网眼毛披巾macronutrient 主要营养micronutrient 微量营养micro- ①小,微,微量,百万分之一②放大,扩大microphone,microscopeascorbic acid 抗坏血酸niacin 烟酸,尼克酸thiamine 硫胺素riboflavim 核黄素VB2folacin 叶酸(=folic acid)pantothenic acid 泛酸pyridoxine 吡哆醇,吡哆素,维生素B6biotin 生物素macroelement 主要成分microelement 微量成分sodium 钠potassium 钾phosphorus 磷phosphorous 磷的,亚磷的,含磷的costly a.①昂贵的,代价高的②价值高的,豪华的obstacle n.障碍(物),妨碍pregnant a.①怀孕的,怀胎的,[喻]孕育着的,充满的,富有的②意义深长的,含蓄的③富于想象力的,有创造力的④富于成果的,多产的lactate vi.①分泌乳汁②喂奶,授乳n.乳酸盐(或酯) calcium ~乳酸钙lactation n.genetic a. ①创始的,发生的②遗传学的gene n. 基因chronic infection n.①传染,侵染②传染病③影响,感染chronic a.①长期的,慢性的②惯常的,经常的③剧烈的,顽固的n.患慢性病的人abnomality n.①反常,变态,不规则②反常的事物,畸形council n.①政务会,理事会,委员会②商讨会,讨论会议chance n.①机会②[常用复]可能性,或然性③偶然性,运气a.偶然的vi.碰巧;偶然发生vt.冒…险precursor n.①先驱者,先锋②前辈,前任③预兆,先兆carotene n.胡萝卜素;叶红素carrot n.①胡萝卜②[复]红头发(的人) ③政治诱骗,不能兑现的允诺carroty a.①胡萝卜色的②红发的standpoint n.主场,观点extraction 提取(法),萃取(法),抽提法milling ①研磨,碾碎,磨碎,粉碎②磨(面)粉 dehydration 脱水(作用),人工加热干燥(作用) underlie vt.①位于的下面,放在下面②支承;构成③屈服于④(权利,素赔等)优先于 underlying (理论,政策,行为等)的基础 chelation 螯合 asassociation n.①联合;联系,联盟,合伙,交际,交往②联想③协会,社团④[化]缔合(作用)hygroscopicity 吸湿性diffusion 扩散性osmosis 渗透性viscosity 粘度pasticity可塑性trial-and-error 反复试验;不断摸索ingest 口服,口食terminology n. 术语学;术语,专门名词corn ①玉米②谷物(泛指玉米,黑麦,燕麦,小麦等) ③谷粒④制成碎粒⑤用盐腌制的 syrup 糖浆,糖水(罐)corn syrup 淀粉糖浆,葡萄糖浆cornstarch玉米淀粉corn sugar 葡萄糖pentosan 戊聚糖malabsorption n.[医]吸收不良,养料吸收障碍mal- ①表示“坏”,“恶”,“不良” ②表示“不”,“非”,“不当”adverse a.①(在位置或方向上)逆的,相反的,敌对的②不利的,有害的③[植](叶子等)朝着茎的,对生的gelatinize ①胶(凝)化②(淀粉)糊化gelatinized starches 糊化淀粉ruminant 反刍动物hydrolyzate 水解物rumen 瘤胃(第一胃)intriguing vt.①用诡计取得,[古]哄骗②(新闻用语)引起…的兴趣(或好奇)intrigue n.①阴谋,诡计②私通 vi.策划阴谋,捣鬼,私通expend vt.消费,花费(时间,精力,金钱等);用光,耗尽glycogen 糖原,动物淀粉trivial a.①琐细的,轻微的;不重要的,价值不大的②平常人,平凡的;(名称)通俗的③(人)浅薄的,轻浮的,无能的,缺德的xylose 木糖nomenclature n.①名词,术词②命名(过程),命名法③(某一学科的)术语表,术语集 aliphatic 脂肪族的,属于开链碳化合物的polyhydroxy 多羟基aldehyde 醛aldoses醛糖ketone酮ketoses酮糖hemiacetal半缩醛prevail vi.①胜(过),优胜,成功,奏效②流行,盛行,普遍~ on 说服,劝说,诱导 cyclic环状的designate vt.①指明,指出,标示②指定,选派③把…叫做,称呼append vt.①附加②贴上,挂上trioses丙糖tetroses丁糖pentoses戊糖hexoses已糖levulose左旋糖,果糖hexulose已酮糖,asymmetric不对称D-glycero- D-甘油moiety n.①一半(尤用于法律方面);约一半②组成部分;一份(尤指政府给告密者的一份报酬) ③(部落的两个基本分支中)一个分支enolize使烯醇化enolase烯醇化酶enolization烯醇化作用alkaline碱的,强碱的alkali n.碱,强碱monosaccharide单糖disaccharide双糖condense冷凝,缩合,凝缩,浓缩oligo-and-polysaccharides 低聚糖-多聚糖 oligo- 少,缺乏,[专]寡,低glucan葡聚糖fructan果聚糖inulin菊粉inulase菊粉酶phosphorylate磷酸化phosphorylase磷酸化酶nucleotide核苷酸nucleotidase 核苷酶nucleoside核苷nucleoprotein核蛋白derivative衍生物glycose单糖glycosides糖苷,配糖物glycosan聚糖glyconic acids糖酸glyceric acids甘油酸glycuronic acid 糖醛酸homoglycan均聚糖hexosan已聚糖galactan半乳聚糖mannan甘露聚糖pentosan戊聚糖heteroglycan杂聚糖deheteroglycan双杂聚糖aldaric acid 糖二酸tartaric acid洒石酸reducing function还原性功能团alginpl藻酸algin ①藻朊,海藻素[增稠剂] ②褐藻胶,藻酸,藻朊酸 alginic a. ~ acid 藻朊酸 exudate 渗出物(液),流出物(液)mucopolysaccharide 粘多糖mucosity n.粘(性)mucus n.[生](由粘膜分泌的)粘液alcohol ①醇,醇元②乙醇,酒精alditol多羟糖醇,醛醇triitol丙糖醇glycerol甘油,丙三醇sorbitol山梨醇affinity ①亲合性②亲合势③爱好饮料(一种饮料名称) heptitol庚糖醇perseitol甘露庚糖醇octitol辛糖醇avocado锷梨condensed N-acetylated amino sugar 缩聚N-乙酰氨基糖 glycoprotein糖蛋白chitin壳多糖,甲壳质,几丁质deoxy deoxy- 脱氧gum ①植物胶,(树)胶②松脂③[复]胶质软糖mucilage ①粘浆,粘液②粘胶glucosinolate芥子油苷thioglycoside硫代糖苷thiol (mercaptan) 硫醇thioctic acid硫辛酸cyclitols环多醇myoinositol肌醇myogen n.肌浆蛋白myology n. 肌学phytic acid 植酸reductone 还原酮deplete vt.①(部分或全部地)弄空,使空虚,耗尽…的精力(或资源等) ②[医]减少…的体液,放去…的血date 海枣,枣椰子green pea豌豆green bean青刀豆raffinose棉籽糖stachyose水苏糖verbascose毛蕊花糖postmortem宰后depolymerize解聚thioglucoside硫葡糖苷bouillon汤,羹(用肉,鸡等煮成)broth肉汤(微生物的营养培养基)skim撇去,撇出(浮在上面的油脂,泡沫等)skim milk 脱脂乳legume ①荚(果);②豆科植物③豆荚,豆cruciferae十字花科malt ①麦芽;②麦芽酒,啤酒nitrile腈goitrin甲状腺肿素goitrigenic甲状腺肿病源cauliflower花柳菜brussel sprouts 抱子甘蓝,北京牙菜turnip芜菁rutabagas芜菁甘蓝radish小萝卜cyanogenetic生氰,能产生氰化物的cyanide氰化合物cyanidin氰定glycoside苷maceration 浸透,泡软,浸渍(作用)manioc木薯cassava木薯saponin皂角苷,皂素,皂缀糖steroid甾族化合物,类固醇triterpenoid三萜系化合物asparagus石刁柏,芦笋,龙须菜yam薯蓣,山药,甘薯,山芋alfalfa紫花苜蓿[美],苜蓿imposition n.①征税;税,税款;负担②增加,强迫接受,过分的要求③欺诈stress n. vt. ①压力,重压,紧迫,紧张②重要,重点,强调③应力unabridged 未删节的,未节略的,完整的ether ①醚②乙醚chloroform氯仿,三氯甲烷sparing a.①节约的,吝惜的,爱惜的②贫乏的,少量的fat ①脂肪,肥肉②多脂肪的,肥的carotenoid 类胡萝卜素,类叶红素alcohol ①醇,醇元②乙醇,酒精glycerol甘油,丙三醇phospholipid磷脂cerebrosides脑苷酯类cerebellum小脑sphingolipid (神经)鞘类脂物sphingomyelin (神经)鞘髓磷脂sulfolipid 硫脂glyceride甘油酯ambient a.周围的,包围着的lard ①熟猪油②用肥肉馅填满③脂肪的tallow (炼制牛,羊)油脂tallow oil (动物)脂油tallowy 脂肪的,油脂的,油哈味,哈败的(指油脂)lauric acid 月桂酸,十二(烷)酸oleic油酸的oleic-linoleic acid 油酸-亚油酸linoleic acid(=linolic acid) 亚油酸,十八(碳)二烯-[9,12]-酸,罂酸linolein 亚油精,甘油三亚油酸酯linolenic acid 亚麻酸,十八(碳)三烯-[9,12,15]-酸depot ①仓库,堆栈②基地③[法]酒中沉淀depot-fat储存脂肪buffalo水牛palmitic acid 棕榈酸,十六(烷)酸,软脂酸stearic acid硬脂酸,十八(碳)(烷)酸butyric ①丁酸的,酪酸的②丁酸(发酵)菌coconut 椰子coco 椰子树,椰子babassu nut (巴西)巴巴苏棕榈(坚)果coquilla nut棕榈果sesame芝麻sunflower向日葵safflower红花pulp ①浆,果浆②打浆germ n.①微生物,细菌,病菌②[生]幼芽,胚原基③萌牙,起源vi.(喻)萌芽,发生hempseed oil大麻籽油perilla oil紫苏子油linseed oil亚麻子油bovine牛,牛的ovine绵羊的,似绵羊的palatability 可口性,味道,味道质量~test口味质量评定palatable ①可口的,味美的,好吃的.②[喻]惬意的,合趣味的satiety n.饱足,过饱,厌腻satiete vt.使充分满足,使饱享,使过饱生厌,使厌腻triglyceride甘油三酸酯cholesterol胆甾醇,胆固醇permeability渗透性,穿透性adipose a.脂肪质的,脂肪多的,肥胖的n.动物脂肪,脂细胞,脂肪fry ①油炸食品②油炸,油煎,油炒③鱼苗,小鱼shortening ①起酥油②油酥③缩短shorten油酥面团impart vt.①把…分给,给予,传递②告诉,透露emulsify 乳化viscous粘的,有粘性的,粘滞的pourable dressing可倒出的调味品dressing ①(畜,禽,鱼)剥皮(或去毛、鳞),去内脏及分割加工②烤禽前腹内填馅③(面粉)过筛④加上调味品(液),佐料⑤修整,包装margarine 人造奶油mayonnaise ①蛋黄酱②蛋黄酱拌的凉菜enrobe (糖果冰淇淋等)浸挂巧克力浆或其他涂浆.melting ①溶化,熔炼,炼出(脂油).②溶解,融化.③细致的,软的,柔和的,淡的(口味,风味)short ①短的.②酥的,松脆的.③(饮料等)浓的,强的④[复]次货,次粉,细糠,二级麦皮diglyceride 甘油二酸酯lecithin 卵磷脂stale干硬的,不新鲜的,发霉的,走了气的,走味的(烟,酒等),陈腐的spatter vt.①溅,溅污,洒②污蔑,中伤vi.滴下,飞溅n.①溅,洒,滴落,飞溅②(雨等的)淅沥声,飞溅声③泼溅的污迹④少量,点滴antispatter 防溅antispattering agent 防溅剂cereal ①禾谷类,五谷,粮谷,谷物的,谷类作物的,谷类制成的.②谷类食物. ③谷物制的食品④肉馅中面粉或米粉的加料bleach 漂白剂,漂白度,脱色deodorize vt.除去…臭味,防止…的臭味deodorizer 除臭剂,解臭剂,防臭剂hydrogenated fat 氢化脂,硬化油hydrogenate 氢化,还原atherosclerotic 动脉粥样硬化的atherosclerosis 动脉粥样硬化emulsifier ①乳化剂②乳化器emulsion ①乳浊液,乳胶,乳剂②香肠的细斩拌肉馅churning ①奶油搅拌,搅乳②一次生产奶油的批量,一次提制的奶油cream ①稀奶油,(鲜)奶油,②稀奶油做的,③乳浆,④利口酒casein酪蛋白,干酪素diacetyl 双乙酰,丁二酮lactone 内酯extender 补充剂,增补剂shorthand速记stereochemistry 立体化学vertical 垂直的precede vt. ①先于…,位于…之前;比…优先,(地位等)高于… ②在…前加上,为…加上引言. Vi.在前面,居前,领先signify vt.①表示,表明,意味②预示vi.①要紧,有重要性②[美俚]冒充内行hyphen n. 连字号(即-) vt.用连字号连接palmito-oleo-stearin 棕榈酰-油酰-硬脂酰(甘油酯)palmitate 棕榈酸酯dipalmitostearin 二棕榈酰硬脂酰(甘油酯)stearodipalmitin硬脂酰二棕榈酰(甘油酯)choline 胆碱ethanolamine 乙醇胺;氨基乙醇inositol 肌醇,环己六醇phosphatidyl 磷脂酰aliphatic 脂肪族的,属于开链碳化合物hexadecanoic acid 十六(烷)酸hexadecane 十六烷hexadecenoic acid 十六烯酸palmitoleic acid 棕榈油酸convention n. ①(政治,宗教,政党等的)会议,大会,全国性大会.②召集,集会,③`公约,协定④惯例,习俗,常规. intricate a.复杂的,错综的,缠结的,难懂的collagenous a.胶原的globulin 球蛋白plasma 血浆,原生质immunological 免疫的hemoglobin 血红蛋白basic amino 碱性的氨基acidic carboxyl 酸性的羧基aqueous ①水的②含水的③水成的proton 质子,氕核dipolar 偶极的,两极的zwitterion 两性离子crystalline ①结晶的,晶状②清澈的hydrophilic 亲水的serine 丝氨酸,羟基丙氨酸threonine 羟基丁氨酸,苏氨酸tyrosine 酪氨酸, 3-对羟苯基丙氨酸sulfhydryl 氢硫的enzyme 硫化氢解酶group 巯基cysteine 半胱氨酸,巯基丙氨酸cystine 胱氨酸,双巯丙氨酸amide ①酰胺②氨化物asparagine 天门冬酰胺glutamine 谷氨酰胺aspartic acid 天门冬氨酸,丁氨二酸glutamic acid 谷氨酸proline 脯氨酸,氮戊环-[2]-基羧酸lysine 赖氨酸arginine 精氨酸histidine 组氨酸,咪唑丙氨酸quanidino 胍imidazol n. 咪唑;1,3-二氮杂茂resonance n. ①回声,反响②[物]共振,共鸣;谐振③[医]叩响imino 亚氨steric a.空间的,位的anserine 鹅肌肽carnosine 肌肽glutathione 谷胱甘肽peptide肽,缩氨酸oxytocin n.(垂体)后叶催产素vasopressin n.后叶加(血)压素,加压素carbonyl 羰基,碳酰hemoglobin 血红蛋白hemo-表示“血”myoglobin 肌红蛋白actin 肌动蛋白myosin 肌球蛋白tendon 腱,筋根collagen 胶原,胶原蛋白elastin 弹性蛋白ribonuclease 核糖核酸酶hydrophobic 疏水的restriction n. 限制,限定,约束vertebrate n.脊椎动物 a.①有椎骨的,有脊椎的,脊椎动物的②(作品等)结构严密的kink n.①(绳索,头发的)细结,绞缠②奇想,怪念头,乖僻③(奇特的)妙法④(颈背等处的)肌肉痉挛,抽筋⑤[美](结构或设计等的)缺陷vt.使纽结,使绞缠vi纽结,打结glycine 甘氨酸,氨基醋酸tropocollagen 原胶原dalton 道尔顿devoid a. 缺乏,没有(of)covalent 共价~bond共价键quaternary a.①四个一组的,四部组成的,第四的②四元的,四价的,季的③[地]第四纪的n.①四,四个一组,第四组中的组成部分②[数]四进制③[地]第四纪zigzag ①之字形,Z字形,锯齿形;②之字形的线条(或道路、壕沟、装饰等);③蜿蜒曲折,盘旋弯曲pellagra 蜀黍红斑糙皮病reconstitute①重新组成(构成)②重新设计③恢复(脱水食物)的水分dehydrate 脱水,脱水物accentuate①重读②在..上加重音符号③强调, 着重指出compilation编辑,汇编,编辑物cognizant认识的,知晓的(of)magnesium (Mg) 镁choline 胆碱chloride 氯化物chromium (Cr) 铬cobalt (Co) 钴fluorine (F)氟manganese (Mn) 锰molybdenum (Mo) 钼nickel (Ni) 镍selenium (Se) 硒tin (Sn) 锡vanadium (V) 钒quantitative 定量的degerminate去(种)胚grit①粗砂,磨料,粗糖②[复]去壳谷类,粗磨谷粉endorse①在(支票等)背面签名,背书, 签署, 姓名②签注, 批注(公文等)③赞同, 认可, 担保skim(med) milk(=separated milk) 脱脂乳nonfat dry milk 脱脂奶粉caries ①龋②骨疡fluoride 氟化物globular 球状的magnitude n. ①巨大,广大②重大,重要性③大小,积,量,数量,音量factor n. ①因素,要素②因子,因素,系数catalyst 催化剂,触酶catalase 过氧化氢酶,接触酶hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢colloidal 胶体的,胶质的,胶态的colloid ①胶体,胶质,胶态②胶体的,胶质的platium 铂activation 活化inactivate 钝化,失活denature 变性refrigerate 冷藏degradative 降解specificity 特性,专一性hydrolysis 水解效应sensitivity 敏感性analysis 分析isolate 使隔离classification 分类lyase 裂合酶hydrolase 水解酶oxidoreductases 氧化还原酶transferase 转移酶isomerase 异构酶ligase 连接酶cumbersome a. ①拖累的,麻烦的②笨重的,不方便的catalogue n. 目录,目录册vt.为···编目录,把···编入目录,按目录分类enzymology n. 酶学period n. ①句号,句点,结束,终止②学时,课时③整句subclass 亚类postmortem 死后的physiology 生理学holoenzyme 全酶coenzyme 辅酶apoenzyme 酶蛋白thermolabile 不耐热的prosthetic group 酶活动基,辅基cofactor 辅助因子isoenzymes 同功酶sanitation①卫生②洗净,消毒proliferation 繁殖mold①霉菌②模型③熟地,肥土yeast酵母,酒母mycelial菌丝体的filamentous丝状的,纤细的morphology形态学microbe微生物mildewy a ①霉的②霉病的③长霉的④陈腐的germination发芽fluctuation vi. ①波动, 涨落, 起伏②动摇, 不定vt使波动, 使起伏bacillius芽孢杆菌,杆菌diploid a二倍的,双的,重的,[生]二倍体的n. 二倍体含二组染色体的细胞pigment色素,染料discoloration ①褪色,脱色②变色slime ①滤泥,淀渣②粘液,③发粘的,④去粘液thermophilic a.适温的,喜温的,[生]嗜热的toxin 毒素multiply增殖deviation n.背离, 偏离,偏向,偏差lethal致死的pathogenic致病的病原的sterilize杀菌灭菌ordinate纵标,纵坐标chlorine氯preservative防腐剂,保藏剂nitrite亚硝酸盐,亚硝酸根substrate 基质,底物hermetical a ①炼金术的,奥妙的②密封的,与外界隔绝的doMgh ①(揉好的生)面团,②一团tendemess 柔软性,嫩度oy7en ①炉、干燥炉,面包烤炉②烘箱,烤箱poyous 孔的,疏松的aroma ①香气,香味②果香sodium acid pyrophosphate 焦磷酸氢钠sodium bic3rbonate 碳酸氢钠,小苏打ingredient 成份,拼分,拼料Vent ①(通气)孔,通气口②出口②排出,泄放,排久放气sheet ①薄板,薄片②面片,压面片②张数disodium Phosphatedodecahydrate 十二水磷酸氢二钠PreValent 流行的,盛行的,普遍的,[罕]优势的Proof (面团)醒发成形1eaVen ①膨松剂②(加膨松剂)使膨松盛mension a。

cir4超脑词汇(很有趣的记忆单词方法哦) 19第十九课(优选.)

cir4超脑词汇(很有趣的记忆单词方法哦) 19第十九课(优选.)

最新文件---------------- 仅供参考--------------------已改成-----------word文本 --------------------- 方便更改赠人玫瑰,手留余香。

第十九课1. wound [记忆方法] wander徘徊“想知道”什么事情就在踱步、徘徊。

2. accustomed [记忆方法] ac增加; costumed风俗3. acquire [记忆方法] ac增加; quire需要,要求考点:acquisition获得物(n)4. amaze [记忆方法] a一个; maze音:妹子一个GRE考了2400的大妹子使你“惊讶”。

5. attempt [记忆方法] at站; mpt在前端6. attentive [记忆方法] attention注意7. attract [记忆方法] at站着; tact拉、拽extract(六级)向外拽着抽取attract to吸引人的,迷人的8. biscuit [记忆方法] bi必; s是; cuit苦的烤糊了的“饼干”必是苦的。

9. brittle [记忆方法] bright明亮的; little小的很明亮的小水珠落在水里是“易碎的”。

10. calendar [记忆方法] cal call; lend借的一打电话就要借钱出去换“日历、月历”。

11. candidate [记忆方法] can能; did有; ate吃有能力吃的是“职员,应考者”。

12. chase [记忆方法] cha查; se死死查听课证所以“追查”。

13. commercial [记忆方法] 音:抠门死commerce商业14. committee [记忆方法] 能承担小的责任的是“委员会”。

15. communicate [记忆方法] commun相互; ate v标志16. contain [记忆方法] con全部; tain抓住17. coordinate [记忆方法] coord纵坐标18. cord [记忆方法] accord使一致19. correspond [记忆方法] cor过来; respond反应过来做出反应就是“相符合,相应,使一致”。

迪士尼乐园迷宫作文英文

迪士尼乐园迷宫作文英文

迪士尼乐园迷宫作文英文英文:Disneyland Maze。

As a fan of theme parks, I recently visited Disneyland and was excited to try out their newest attraction, the Disneyland Maze. This maze is a large-scale puzzle that takes visitors through a series of twists and turns, all while being surrounded by iconic Disney characters and landmarks.At first, I was a bit intimidated by the size of the maze. It seemed like it would be easy to get lost or turned around. However, I quickly realized that the maze was designed in a way that made it easy to navigate. There were clear markers and signs throughout the maze, and the layout was intuitive enough that I never felt truly lost.One of the highlights of the maze was the variousDisney characters that were incorporated into the design. For example, there was a section of the maze that was designed to look like the Hundred Acre Wood from Winnie the Pooh, complete with a giant honey pot and a statue of Pooh himself. Another section of the maze featured a replica of the Beast's castle from Beauty and the Beast.Overall, I had a great time exploring the Disneyland Maze. It was a fun, family-friendly activity that allowed me to immerse myself in the world of Disney while also challenging my problem-solving skills.中文:迪士尼乐园迷宫。

MAZE算法(C语言)

MAZE算法(C语言)
if(j<n+1)printf(" ");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
return 0;
}
typedef struct{
SElemType *base;
SElemType *top;
int stacksize;
}SqStack;
SElemType e;
Status Pass(PosType pos){
if(maze[pos.r][pos.c]=='0')return OK;
else return ERROR;
#define OVERFLOW -2
using namespace std;
typedef int Status;
char maze[20][20];
typedef struct{
int r;
int c;
}PosType;
typedef struct{
PosType s
{
maze[0][j]='1';
maze[m+1][j]='1';
}
for(i=0;i<=m+1;i++)
{
for(j=0;j<=n+1;j++)
{if(j==n+1)printf("%c\n",maze[i][j]);
else printf("%c ",maze[i][j]);
}}
printf("\n");
s.pop();
while((e.di==4)&&(!s.empty())){
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题目:编制一个求解迷宫通路的程序班级:电子信息科学与技术09(1)姓名:张骏浩学号:0901050135 完成日期:2012/6/27 一、需求分析(1)以二维数组Maze[m][n]表示迷宫,其中:Maze[0][j]Maze[m+1][j]及Maze[i][0]和Maze[i][n+1]为添加的一圈障碍。

数组中以元素值为0表示通路,1表示障碍,限定迷宫的大小m,n<=9(2)用户以文件的形式输入迷宫的数据;文件中第一行的数据为迷宫的行数m和列数n,从第二行至第行为迷宫值,同一行中的两个数字之间用空白字符相隔。

(3)迷宫的入口位置和出口位置可由用户随时设定。

(4)若设定的迷宫存在通路,则以长方阵形式将迷宫及其通路输出到标准输出文件上,其中,上下左右都用特殊符号表示。

若设定的迷宫不存在通路,则报告相应信息。

(5)本程序只求出一条成功的通路。

然和,只需要对迷宫求解的函数做销量修改,便可求得全部路径。

(实现提示):求迷宫中从入口到出口的所有路径是一个景点的程序设计问题。

由于计算机解密宫时,通常用的是“穷举求解”的方法,即从入口出发,顺某一方向向前探索,若能走通,则继续往前走;否则沿原路退回,还一个方向再继续探索,直至所有可能的通路都探索为止。

为了保证在任何位置上都能沿原路退回,显然需要用一个后进先出的结构来保存从入口到当前位置的路径。

因此,在求迷宫通路的算法中应用“栈”也就是自然而然的事了。

二、概要设计概念: 栈(Stack)是定义在线性结构上的抽象数据类型,其操作类似线性表操作,但元素的插入、删除和访问都必须在表的一端进行,为形象起见,称允许操作端为栈顶(Top),另一端为栈底(base),注意Top指向待插入位置特性:Last In First Out后进先出//总是访问最近插入的一个//按插入顺序倒着访问设计中所用到的栈操作的含义:InitStack (&S)操作结果:构造一个空栈Push(&S,e)初始条件: 栈S已存在操作结果:插入e到栈顶Pop(&S,&e)初始条件: 栈S已存在且非空操作结果:删除栈顶元素用e返回其值StackEmpty(S)初始条件:栈S已经存在操作结果:空栈返回TRUE,否则返回FALSEStackTraverse(S,visit())初始条件:栈S存在且非空操作结果:从栈底到栈顶对S中各元素执行visit操作,一般用于输出栈元素GetTop(S,&e)出事条件:栈S已存在。

操作结果:若栈S不空,则以e返回其值。

三、详细程序设计#include <stdio.h>#include <malloc.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <time.h>#include <math.h>#define TRUE 1#define FALSE 0#define OK 1#define ERROR 0#define INFEASIBLE -1#define NULL 0#define WALL 0#define PATH 1#define RIGHT -1#define DOWN -2#define LEFT -3#define UP -4#define BACK -5#define DESTINATION -6typedef int Status;typedef int MazeType[10][10];typedef int ElemType;typedef struct{int x;int y;}PosType;//迷宫中的位置类型typedef struct{int ord;PosType seat;int di;}SElemType;//栈元素类型typedef struct{SElemType *base;SElemType *top;int stacksize;}Stack;//栈类型#define STACK_INIT_SIZE 1000#define STACKINCREMENT 100typedef struct{SElemType *base; //栈底指针SElemType *top; //栈顶指针int stacksize; //栈容量}SqStack;Status InitStack(SqStack &S){//构造空栈SS.base=(SElemType*)malloc(STACK_INIT_SIZE*sizeof(SElemType));if(!S.base)exit(OVERFLOW); //存储分配失败S.top=S.base; //空栈S.stacksize=STACK_INIT_SIZE;return(OK);}//InitStack 复杂度”O(1)”Status Push(SqStack &S, SElemType e){//插入e为栈顶元素if(S.top-S.base==S.stacksize){//栈满则应重新分配空间S.base=(SElemType *)realloc(S.base,(S.stacksize+STACKINCREMENT)*sizeof(SElemType));if(!S.base)exit(OVERFLOW);S.top=(S.base+S.stacksize);//使得S.top重新指向栈顶,因reallocS.stacksize+=STACKINCREMENT;}*S.top ++=e; //top指向待插入位置return(OK);}//Push ,复杂度O(1)Status Pop(SqStack &S,SElemType &e){//若栈不空则栈顶元素出栈并用e带回其值if(S.top==S.base)return ERROR;e=*(--S.top); //栈顶元素为*(S.top-1)return OK;} //复杂度O(1)Status StackEmpty(SqStack S){ //判断栈是否为空if(S.top==S.base) return TRUE;else return FALSE;}Status GetTop(SqStack &S,SElemType &e){ //读出栈顶元素e=*S.top;return OK;}Status StackTraverse(SqStack S,Status (*visit)(SElemType)){//从栈底元素到栈顶元素依次执行visit函数,通常用于输出栈中元素SElemType *p=S.base;if(S.base==S.top)printf("空栈\n");elsewhile(p<S.top){(*visit)(*p);++p;}return OK;}Status PrintSElem(SElemType e){printf("step:%d to (%d,%d)\n",e.ord,e.seat.x,e.seat.y);return OK;}Status InitMaze(MazeType &maze){//生成迷宫,"0"表示通PATH,"1"表示不通WALL PosType m;srand(time(NULL));for(m.y=0;m.y<=9;m.y++) {maze[0][m.y]=WALL;maze[9][m.y]=WALL;}for(m.x=1;m.x<=8;m.x++) {maze[m.x][0]=WALL;maze[m.x][9]=WALL;}for(m.x=1;m.x<=8;m.x++)for(m.y=1;m.y<=8;m.y++)maze[m.x][m.y]=rand()%2;return OK;}//MakeMazeStatus OutputMaze(MazeType maze){int i,j;for(i=0;i<=9;i++){printf("\t");for(j=0;j<=9;j++){switch(maze[i][j]){case RIGHT : printf("→"); break;case DOWN : printf("↓"); break;case LEFT : printf("←"); break;case UP : printf("↑"); break;case PATH : printf(" "); break;case BACK : printf("@"); break;case WALL : printf("■"); break;case DESTINATION: printf("*"); break;}}printf("\n" );}return OK;}Status FootPrint(MazeType &maze,PosType curpos,int di){switch(di){case RIGHT : maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=RIGHT; break;case UP : maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=UP; break;case DOWN : maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=DOWN; break;case LEFT : maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=LEFT; break;case BACK : maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=BACK; break;}return OK;}PosType Nextpos(PosType pos,int di){switch(di){case 1 :pos.x=pos.x,pos.y++; break;case 2 :pos.x++,pos.y=pos.y; break;case 3 :pos.x=pos.x,pos.y--; break;case 4 :pos.x--,pos.y=pos.y; break;}return pos;}Status PassMaze(MazeType &maze,PosType start,PosType end,SqStack &S){//找出迷宫的一条通路PosType curpos;SElemType e;int curstep=1;curpos=start;if(maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]!=PATH) { printf("当前迷宫没有入口\n"); return FALSE;}do{if(maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]==PATH){//当前位置可通e.ord=curstep;e.seat=curpos;e.di=1;Push(S,e);if(curpos.x==end.x&&curpos.y==end.y){maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=DESTINATION;return OK;}else{maze[curpos.x][curpos.y]=RIGHT;//从其向右走curpos=Nextpos(curpos,1);curstep++;}}else{//当前位置不通GetTop(S,e);while(!StackEmpty(S)&&e.di==4){maze[e.seat.x][e.seat.y]=BACK;Pop(S,e);curstep--;if(StackEmpty(S))break;GetTop(S,e);}if(e.di<4){ //栈顶位置有其他方向可以选择Pop(S,e); e.di++; Push(S,e);maze[e.seat.x][e.seat.y]=-e.di; //注意前进方向踪迹与e.di互为相反数curpos=Nextpos(e.seat,e.di);}}}while(!StackEmpty(S));return FALSE;}Status OutPutWay(SqStack &S,SqStack &Q){SElemType e;InitStack(Q);if(StackEmpty(S)) return FALSE;elsewhile(!StackEmpty(S)){Pop(S,e);Push (Q,e);}printf("具体路径是:\n");while (!StackEmpty(Q)){Pop(Q,e);printf("第%2d步到(%2d,%2d)\n",e.ord,e.seat.x,e.seat.y);}return OK;}void main(){MazeType maze;PosType start,end;SqStack S,Q;InitStack(S);InitMaze(maze);printf("初始迷宫为:\n");OutputMaze(maze);printf("输入迷宫的入口位置坐标从(0,0)到(9,9): ");scanf("%d,%d",&start.x,&start.y);printf("输入迷宫的出口位置坐标从(0,0)到(9,9): ");scanf("%d,%d",&end.x,&end.y);if(PassMaze(maze,start,end,S)){printf("迷宫可通,路径踪迹如下:\n");OutputMaze(maze);printf("具体路径为:\n");StackTraverse(S,PrintSElem);}else{printf("迷宫不可通,路径踪迹如下:\n");OutputMaze(maze);}printf("---------------输入任意数字键结束------------------");int pause;scanf("%d",&pause);}四、调试分析1.本次作业比较简单,只有一个核心算法,即求迷宫的路径,所以总的调试比较顺利。

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