中考英语语法复习————冠词

中考英语语法复习————冠词
中考英语语法复习————冠词

冠词是一种虚词,是名词的一种标志,不能独立担任任何句子成分,只能附着在一个名词上,帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查,往往集中于a、an的用法区别,定冠词的用法,不用冠词的情况,习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主,有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中,不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法,还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。

中考考查重点:

一、冠词的用法;

二、不用冠词的情况;

三、冠词的位置。

考向一:冠词的分类

分类说明例子

不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前 a gift 一份礼物,a plane 一架飞机,a useful book 一本有用的书

an用于以元音音素开头的单词前an hour 一小时,an apple 一个苹果,an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩

定冠词the只有一种形式,一般用于特指the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔,the Chinese movie 那部中国影片

【易错警示】

1. 有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但是却发元音,因此其前用不定冠词a,如:university,European,one-way等。

2. 有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但是却发元音,因此其前用不定冠词an,如:hour,honest,honor等。

考向二:冠词的基本用法

一、不定冠词a、an的用法

1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前,泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别:

(1)若随后的单词以辅音音素开头,用a。如:a lot of,a good idea,a pear。(2)若随后的单词以元音音素开头,用an。如:an example,an orange,an apple。注意:某些以元音字母开头的单词用a,因为其第一个音是/j/。如:a university,a European language。

某些以字母h 开头的单词用an,因为这些单词的"h"不发音。如:an honest boy,an hour ago。

序号用法例句

1表示数量"一"的概念There is a football behind the door. 门后有一个足球。2指事物的单位,有"每一"的意思You’d better take this medicine three times a day. 你最好每天三次服用这种药。

He goes to the library twice a week. 他每周去图书馆两次。

3表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个 A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。

4用于第一次提到的某人或某物前 A Mr. Smith is looking for you. 有位史密斯先生正在找你。

5用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前A heavy rain fell yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雨。

Listening to music is really a good pleasure. 听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。

6表示"同一"的概念,相当于the same the same The two flowers look different, but they are of a kind. 这两朵花看上去不同,但是为同一类的。

7用于一些固定搭配中in a hurry匆忙地,make a choice做选择,

have a good time玩得高兴,a number of许多

【知识拓展】

1. 同源宾语前不定冠词的使用:动宾短语中,与动词"同源"的名词前一般要加不定冠诃,如:

sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争;

dream a sweet dream 做一个甜美的梦live a happy life 过幸福的生活;

smile an attractive smile 笑得迷人

2. 惯用短语中的不定冠词

have a word with sb 同某人谈话have a try 试一下

have a good time 玩得高兴have a look 看一看

have a headache 头痛have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步take a bath 洗澡

tell a lie 撒谎wait a moment 等一会

with a smile 微笑着with an effort 努力地

as a result 因此once in a while 偶尔

for a moment/ while 一会儿in a hurry 匆忙地

make a face 做鬼脸do sb a favour 帮某人忙

take an active part in 积极参加at a time 每次

as a whole 作为整体all of a sudden 突然

once upon a time 从前in a word 总之

冠词的用法口诀

名词有两"冠",定冠不定冠,定冠就是the,不定a和an。

先分特泛指,确定大路线。泛指不定无,特指the定冠。

泛指可数单,须用a或an;辅音前用a,an在元音前;

复数不可数,泛指不用冠;前有代词限;冠词不再见。

1. (2019 ? 重庆中考A卷)One of his daughters became _____________ English teacher last August.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

【答案】B

【解析】English的发音以元音音素开头且此处表示"一位英语教师",故用an。

2. (2019 ? 湖北省孝感市)Autumn is _____________ beautiful season with fresh air and fallen leaves.

A. /

B. an

C. the

D. a

【答案】D

【解析】句意:秋天是一个美丽的季节,有新鲜的空气和落叶。考查冠词辨析。名词season(季节)是单数形式,需用不定冠词修饰;限定词beautiful(美丽的)以辅音音素开头,需用a修饰;根据句意语法,可知选D。

二、定冠词the的用法

1. 用于特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。

?This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 这是我(外)祖父曾经生活过的城市。

?The cellphone is on the table. 手机在桌子上。

2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。

?What is the president doing about all this? 对于这些事情,总统正在做什么?

?Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗?

3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物(第一次提到用"a或an",以后再次提到用"the")。

?Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 吉姆住在一个小村庄里。村庄里有棵老树。

?I bought an iPhone 5S in the store. The iPhone 5S cost 4, 000 yuan. 我在商店买了一部iPhone 5S手机。这个手机花了我4,000元。

4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。

?Spring is the first season of a year. 春季是一年中的第一个季节。

?American is the developed country in the world. 美国是世界上最发达的国家。

?This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。

5. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。

the sun 太阳the moon 月亮the earth 地球

?The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。

6. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。

the Great Wall 长城the United States 美国the United Nations 联合国

7. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。

in the east 在东方in the front 在前面at the back 在后面

in the bottom 在底部at the top 在顶部on the right 在右边8. 用在表示计量的(度量衡)名词前。

by the ton/pound/yard/metre/kilo

注意:by后面接上表示面积、体积、重量、长、高、短、深时,中间不加冠词。by volume/weight/length/width/depth

9. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前。

the Pacific Ocean 太平洋the Huanghe River 黄河

the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡

?The Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。

10. 在姓氏复数前,表示一家人。

?The Whites are going to visit China next month. 怀特一家人下个月打算来中国。?The Blacks are going to Kaifeng next week. 布莱克一家下周准备去开封。

11. 和某些形容词连用,表示一类人或物。

the poor 穷人the rich 富人the sick 病人the wounded 伤员

?The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人也不总是比穷人开心。

12. 在the more ... the more比较级的句式中。

?The more you exercise, the more health you are. 你锻炼得越多,就会越健康。

13. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。

play the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴

* 中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu 二胡

?I practice playing the piano every day. 我每天练习弹钢琴。

14. the用在可数名词单数前可以表示一类人或事物。

?The panda is a cute animal. 熊猫是可爱的动物。

?They are the doctors of this hospital. 他们是这个医院的全体医生。

15. 用于固定结构"动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位"中,常见的此类动词有take,catch,hold,seize,hit,cut,strike,lead,pat等。

take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂hit sb in the face 打某人的脸

?The policeman seized the thief by the arm and struck him on the back. 警察抓住小偷的胳膊,打了他的背。

16. 用在世纪或"世纪+年代"名词前。

in the18th century 在18世纪in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代

?The war broke out in the sixties. 战争爆发于60年代。

17. 用于某些特指的抽象名词、物资名词前,尤其是其后有限制性定语修饰时。?The young generation is the hope of the world. 年轻一代是世界的希望。

?The three children are the joy of my life. 这三个孩子是我生命中的乐趣。

18. 用在某些固定的表达法。

in the morning 在早上in the afternoon 在下午

in the evening 在晚上go to the cinema 去看电影

in the world 在世界上all the year round 一年到头

on the way to 在去……去的路上

定冠词的用法口诀

特指双知上问题,独一无二普变专;

方位顺序最高级,赛项乐器影剧院;

群岛河山江湖海,沙漠海峡和海湾。

【易错警示】

有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别

1. go to school 去上学go to the school 到学校去

2. be in charge of 负责……be in the charge of 由……负责

3. take place 发生take the place of 代替

4. in prison 坐牢in the prison 在监狱里

5. in front of ... 在……(外部的)前面in the front of 在……(内部的)前面

5. be in hospital 因病住院be in the hospital 在医院里

6. by sea 乘船by the sea 在大海旁

7. in class 上课in the class 在班级里

8. in office 执政in the office 在办公室

9. in place of 代替in the place of 在……地方

10. sit at table 吃饭sit at the table 坐在桌旁

11. by day 在白天by the day 按日计算

12. in future 今后in the future 将来

13. out of question 不成问题out of the question 不可能

14. out of office 离岗out of the office 离开办公室

1. (2019 ? 甘肃省武威市)Lily practices playing _____________ piano after school every day.

A. a

B. an

C. /

D. the

【答案】D

【解析】句意:每天放学后,李莉练习弹钢琴本题考查冠词辨析。西洋乐器前要加the,play the piano弹钢琴,故选D。

2. (2019 ? 浙江省温州市)—Peter, shall we go for a picnic this Sunday?

—OK. Let’s add it to _____________ weekend plan.

A. a

B. an

C. the

D. /

【答案】C

【解析】句意:——彼得,这个星期天我们去野餐好吗?——好的,让我们把它加入周末计划吧。考查冠词用法。根据句意可知此处是指加入我们制定的周末计划,表示特指,所以应用定冠词the来修饰;结合选项可知C选项符合题意,故选C。

考向三:不用冠词的情况

序号情况例句

1物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前Electricity is a form of energy. 电是一种能量形式。(物质名词)

Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词)

Van is a beautiful city. 西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词)

2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前Winter is my favourite season because I can make snowmen. 冬天是我最喜爱的季节,因为我可以堆雪人。June 1 is Children’s Day. 六月一日是儿童节。

注意:民族节日前要加the。如:the Spring Festival

3表示泛指的复数名词前Books are our friends. 书是我们的朋友。

4一日三餐的名词前I go to school without breakfast. 我没有吃早餐就去上学5球类运动、棋类的名词前My father often plays chess with me when he is free. 我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。

6表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前He was elected the chairman of the committee. 他破选举为委员会主席。

7表示学科、科学的名词前I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school. 当我上初中时,我物理学得不好。

8有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前Miss Zhang is our English teacher. 张老师是我们的英语老师。

Some kids entered the park through that door. 一些孩子从那扇门进入了公园。

9表示交通方式或通讯方式的名词前Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去的美国。

Did you send the file by email? 你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗?

10某些固定搭配中不用冠词all night 在晚上,at first 起初,on time 按时,in fact 事实上,at home在家里,go to bed 上床睡觉,after school放学后,by hand 手工

【知识拓展】

冠词的省略主要指可用可不用冠词的情况。有以下几种:

1. 文章标题、书名、广告语中等,在不引起歧义的情况下,冠词可以省略,从而使行文更加简明。

?Fully furnished flat to let 全新装修公寓出租(广告)

2. 两个并列名词前面都有相同冠词时,第二个名词前的冠词常被省略。

?Is the baby a boy or (a) girl? 这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩?

零冠词用法口诀

下列情况应免冠,名词之前代词限;

专有名词不可数,学科球棋三餐饭;

复数名词表泛指,星月节日四季前;

颜色语种和国名,习语称呼及头衔。

(2019 ? 江苏省淮安市)To save time, many students have _____________ lunch at school every day.

A. a

B. an

C. /

D. the

【答案】C

【解析】句意:为了节省时间。每天许多学生们在学校吃午饭。a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指,a用在首字母是以辅音音素开头的名词前,an用在首字母是以元音音素开头的名词前。the表示特指,根据have+三餐,中间不加任何冠词,短语have lunch表示吃午饭。根据题意,故选C。

考向四:冠词的位置

情况位置例句

一般情况冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。

固定结构as/so... as…结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought. 爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。

so... that…结构中,a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it. 这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。

such... that…结构中,a/an一般应位于such之后,形容词之前He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。

too... to...结构中,a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home. 琳达太小了,不能把她单独留在家里。

名词前有形容词rather,quite或very时,不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后,very之前It is quite a good job. You should take it. 那真是一份好工作,你应该做。

Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。

名词前有all,both,double,twice等修饰时,冠词应位于其后、名词之前Both the parents are very strict with their kids. 这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。

感叹句中what引导的感叹句中,a/an置于what后What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊!

What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊!

how引导的感叹句中,a/an置于how修饰的形容词后How timely a rain we’ve got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里,这真是一场及时雨啊!【助学记忆】

1. 名词前用不用冠词,用哪一个冠词,一般取决于三个基本因素:

①是可数名词,还是不可数名词;①是单数名词,还是复数名词;①是特指,还是泛指。

2. 单数可数名词前除非有其他限定词(如指示代词、物主代词等)修饰,否则必须要加冠词。

体验中考

1.[2020·扬州]In 2016,China set April 24 as country's Space Day.

A.a; the

B.the; the

C.the; /

D./; the

2.[2020·泰州]It's pity that many wild animals are now in danger. Please have pity on them since they are part of our big family.

A.a; /

B.a; a

C./; a

D./; /

3.―Kathleen, Mr Heller is waiting for you outside.―Just a second. I'm on phone.

A.an; the

B./; the

C.a; /

D./; /

4.[2020·新疆]—The photo makes me think of trip to Hangzhou last year.—Yeah, we had great time there.

A.a; /

B.an; the

C.the; the

D.the; a

5.[2020·怀化]I like playing chess but my brother likes playing piano.

A.the; the

B.the; /

C./ ; the

6.[2020·达州]—There will be 8-day art exhibition(展览) in Dazhou next month. We can enjoy great works like Mona Lisa by Da Vinci.

—Wow! It must be most unusual exhibition.

A.a; the

B.a; an

C.an; a

D.an; the

7.[2020·黔东南州]—Have you ever worked as volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic(新冠疫情)?

—Yes. It was unforgettable experience for me.

A.an; an

B.an; a

C.a; an

D.a; a

8.[2020·黔西南州]Beijing,capital of China, is city with a long history.

A.the; the

B.a; a

C.the; a

D./; the

9.[2020·天水]Take umbrella with you. It's useful tool on rainy days.

A.an; a

B.a; the

C.an; the

D.the; the

10.[2020·连云港二模]―A Bite of China is documentary I've introduced to you several times.

―It's great. I've never watched more attractive one.

A.the; a

B.the; the

C.the; /

D.a; the

11.—Mike, don't eat apples. It is second one you've eaten.

—Oh, no, Mum. I want to eat third one.

A.a; the

B.an; the

C.the; a

D.the; the

12.—What's matter,Nancy?

—I have headache.

A.the; the

B.the; a

C./; a

D.the; /

13.[2020·无锡二模]—Can you remember when Peppa Pig became so popular?—Well, I only remember it was Monday when almost all my friends started to be crazy about it.

A.a

B.an

C.the

D./

14.[2020·扬州三模]As volunteer doctor, Gu Xue from Hongquan Hospital understands importance of going to Wuhan, Hubei Province.

A.a; an

B.a; the

C.the; an

D.the; the

15.—Do you know how to spell word “expensive” in English?

—Yes. It begins with“e”.

A.the; a

B.the; an

C.a; an

D.the; the

16.We usually go swimming in summer. But in summer of 2018, we didn't.

A./; /

B.a; a

C./; the

D.a; /

17.The worker will have one-week holiday. So they are planning a trip to European country now.

A.a; an

B.an; a

C.a; /

D.a; a

18.My classmate Jessica has gift for keeping everything in good order.

A./; the

B./; /

C.an; the

D.a; /

19.There will be talk on good manners at the school hall this afternoon.

A.the

B.an

C.a

D./

20.—What time is it now, Mike?

—It's quarter past five. Let's go to play basketball.

A./; /

B.a; a

C.the; a

D.a; /

答案

1.D首空指中国,China国家名称,单独用,因此答案是零冠词。第二空特指这个国家的,用the。故选D。

2.A前者表示泛指要用不定冠词a,后者考查固定短语have pity on….意为“对……同情/怜悯”。故选A。

3.B

4.D上句中“trip to Hangzhou last year”是特指去年去杭州的旅行,故用定冠词the。“have a great time”意为“玩得高兴”,为固定搭配,故选D。

5.C棋牌类名词前不用冠词;乐器名词前必须加定冠词the。故选C。

6.C上句中的单数名词exhibition表泛指,8-day又以元音音素开头,故应用不定冠词an表达。答语中并未出现具体的比较对象及范围,故不应用最高级,most在此处相当于very,表示“一个非常不寻常的展览”。故选C。

7.C题干中的两空均表示泛指,均用不定冠词。volunteer以辅音音素开始,其前应用a;unforgettable以元音音素开始,其前应用an,故选C。

8.C

9.A第一空后的umbrella的第一个音是元音音素,故用不定冠词an;第二空后的useful的第一个音是辅音音素,故用不定冠词a。故选A。

10.A第一个空后名词documentary后跟了一个定语从句,因此这个名词应该是特指的,填the;第二个空是a+形容词比较级+名词/代词,表示“一个更加……的……”,故选A。

11.C12.B13.A14.B15.B16.C17.D18.D19.C20.D

. the good

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