英语写作技巧总结

考研大作文写作
一．图画描述段
主要原则： 简单化原则 零错误原则 纯原则 语法结构：定语从句+插入语
描述图画的形容词thought-provoking/compelling/profound/instructive/enlightening
1. The satirical sketch graphically dipicts a scene in which ______________________
It is graphically/vividly/symbolically illustrated/demonstrated in the 图 that___________
2. 1) What makes the drawing striking/intriguing/compelling is the fact that __________
2) The most striking feature of the drawing is (the fact)that ____________________
3) As is symbolically depicted in the (first/left-handed)图，____________________
3. 其他描写
4. 字幕 1) We are informed by the caption that “____________________________”
2) The caption reads “___________”/The caption indicates that “___________”
5．总结（不要用太难的表达，把图总结即可，不一定需要）
Undoubtedly/Unquestionably/Incontrovertibly/Indisputably______________________________
双图题第一段写法见讲义“沙进我退，我进沙退”，03、06年真题（第一句话总览两图信息，第一图反映什么，第二图反映什么（On the contrary / By contrast / In contrast,……））

二．意义阐述段
1． 由浅入深（讲义上2002Example 1，2003Example2）（若有话写则坚决放弃）
1) What the enlightening cartoon conveys goes for beyond the superficial meaning.
2) To begin with, the purpose of the drawing is to inform us that……
2． 深层含义（全段核心，全文关键）
1）.Inferred in this picture is virtually a （形容词） social issue: ____________.(好事坏事皆可)
2). The purpose of this picture is to inform/convince us that due attention has to be paid to the （形容词）issue of_____(接名词结构)/the issue that______(接句子), which is an alarming and overwhelming negative social phenomenon in contemporary society.(in the universities, on campus, in our country, in the world)(只能用于坏事)
3). It goes without saying that the drawing aim at revealing a common and serious problem(坏)/widespread phenomenon(中)/ significant lessen(褒) in china.
4). This picture is thought-provoking in that it endeavors to convince us that_________________.
? 每句前都可加表示“起”的关联词：Undoubtedly/Apparently/To begin with（若无第一句）
? 每句后均可接以下定语从句，以加强长度和难度，请灵活处理
（形容词）处可填：好事： beneficial/positive/favorable
坏事：alarming/overwhelming/negative/disturbing
好坏皆可：prevalent(普遍的)/pervasive(普遍的，弥漫的)
3．象征点(当浅层含义与深层含义相差较大时才可写，否则可放弃)(两个象征点之间可用correspondingly连接)
Undoubtedly,/Obviously,/Apparently,/It goes without saying that the delicate flower is naturally associated with young people; and correspondingly, the green house symbol

izes parents..
注意，有时候，在说明象征点的时候，就已经顺带地解释了深刻含义，或者是解释了这个现象产生的原因；也有可能有时候，图画里的象征点根本就很难写出来。
4．原因/背景+现状描述（深入点明当代社会中这个深刻含义的体现，可泛谈“很多人”，也可谈具体事例） （3、4二选一或都不写，不能都写）
1）On account of /owing to/ because of/with the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals. （原因/背景）The past few years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment.（现状描述）(2007)
2) With the speedy social and economic development（原因/背景）, youngsters in mounting /growing/increasing numbers admire the celebrities and super stars. （现状描述）(2006)
3) There is no denying the fact that a great number of fans worship pop singers, film and sports stars（现状描述）， for/,in that the handsome appearance and unique personality of them are undeniably fascinating, especially for the teenagers. （原因）（2006）
4) The past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that it is increasingly difficult for college graduates to find a suitable job（现状描述）, and two/several/various/a multitude of factors could account for the issue. On the one hand,________. On the other hand________________________.（多重原因：层次感和高手感的有效途径）
5．In other words，___________________________________________(最好自己创作1-2句)
1) In other words，______play(s) an extremely + adj.(beneficial / adverse ) role on ______
2) In other words，______ has / have brought about a + adj.(beneficial / adverse ) influence on ______
6．“强行举例”(举例论证)
1).It can be best/aptly exemplified by the case of ____, who____./by the following case.
2). A case in point is that/a fitting example/an apt example is that______, which______________.
3). 万能举例: Taking a look around, we can find examples too numerous to list. (such as_______/ and the most compelling one is that_________/and a fitting one is that______________________)
7. 层进
1) It is universally accepted/acknowledged that________ is a traditional virtue/positive phenomenon, which should be accepted, respected, appreciated and advocated. (好事)
1) Yet, it is, to some extent/to a large extent, ignored and neglected in current society.（坏事）
例子：养老：It is universally accepted/acknowledged that we should take care of our parents, which should be accepted, respected, appreciated and shared. Yet, it is, to a large extent, ignored and neglected in current society.
8. 总结
1）Generally speaking / In a word, if we turn a blind eye to it (如果我们熟视无睹), ……（坏事）
2）Generally speaking / In a word, 如果我们没有这个好的方

面（好事）

三．建议措施段（坏事话题）：例子见讲义第3页例二第三段
1．TS
1)Accordingly/As a consequence, on no account can we fail to attach great importance to the phenomenon reflected in the picture.
2).Accordingly, it is imperative for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings./to take effective and efficient measures.
3).Therefore / Consquently, it is imperative for us to take drastic（果断的）measuures.
2．具体措施 (2个即可：on the one hand……, on the other hand……)
A. authorities（国家立法）：Relevant las and regulations should be made to severely punish those who ......+被批判的行为(如those who destroy environment)
B. Education（人民教育、启迪）
C. Media（媒体宣传）：The media should play a positive and decisive role in publicizing such phenomenon in order to arouse the public awareness.
D. Self-effort（自身努力）
1）we each individual should start from right here and now, and attach great value and importance to the urgency of the issue.
2）spare no efforts doing……（不遗余力做某事）
E. 自由发挥
3. 总结（看“解决问题方式”总结：讲义35页）
1）It is in this way that……（强调句）
2）It is (high) time we learned the lesson of this cartoon：……
4．预测未来
也可34合并，如：And only in this way can we crack the hard nut and make our society develop in a dynamic/vibrant, harmonious and prosperous way/direction.

四．举例段（好事话题）4-6句
1.TS：It can be aptly（恰当的）exemplified by the following examples
2.举两个例子（不要展开叙述）
1）For instance , ……（1~2句）
2）Another fitting case is that ……（1~2句）
3.总结：Under such aircumstances（在这种情况下）these examples effectively and efficiently illustrate the point that + 文章主题.

五．社会影响段（中性话题）（近年来6级和考研主打结尾段）：看讲义34~35页范文
1. TS（双刃剑：double-edged sword）
2. 具体影响（坏……好……，中间用on the contrary连接）
3. 总结
Therefore, the latter attitude should be adopted to direct our way of life.

[考研冲刺写作资料]图画题
考研大作文的字数要求160-220，220冲顶。我的推荐：12-15句话（P1：3-4；P2：5-6；P3：4-5）
看了这么多学生的习作，发现问题最大的，也是最不知道如何控制字数的段落，是第二段：意义阐述段。问题不是写不到字数，是大大超出（当然这总比没话写好）但是语言一多就杂,一杂就让人看不清楚,最后影响分数. 与其杂乱,不如少写,就写那么几句,但是少而精!

一、第一段
1.总写或者描写点一
2.详细挖掘或者描写点二
3.自己从图画发出联想或者总结(如:Although the boy has finished his running, he does not stop.Instead, he continues to run with confidence and optimism

)
当然也可以用 caption当总结
注意:只有图画的标题(图下面的中文字)才可以叫caption, 如果是教授站在书上，书上写着"学术论文",要写为The professor is staning on a pile of books(which is ) entitled"academic paper"
如果是学生的话外音,要写, and we are informed by one of the students that" professor, the blackboard is below!"或者, one of the students shouts out that:".......... "
如果实在只有两句, 可以把第二段由浅入深刻的句子放过来(正好第二段嫌多了),如: Simple as the picture is, its connotation should be taken into consideration with more insight.


二、第二段
（一）、请务必记在心里三句话：
1．第二段冲顶6句话！！
2．尽量简化你的思路，层次越少越好！！能舍弃的尽量舍弃！！ 想都写就是都写不了！！写一句就是一句，莫名其妙的句子不要写。建议先用3—5分钟用中文规划好你的第二段的关键层次（见下面第三点：要有中文提纲），大胆舍弃那些不好写的和次要的，把最牛的和最好写的用最清晰的语言表达出来！
3．考研阅卷时间在一分钟内，所以看点在清晰的层次和准确的语言，精妙而深刻的构思是不可能也没有时间看到的！！不需要你有过人的思路，只要把含义大概分析清楚就行。
阅卷人看起来的思路就是：深意---具体现状1+为什么---具体现状2+总结，实在是很清楚。

（二）、天龙八部
天龙八部综合了98---07年所有文章和无数模拟题提炼出来的8层基本含义，结构如下：
1． 论点 （1—2句）
1）由浅入深：（1句）极其不推荐，凑字数明显，给某些阅卷人感觉可能不好，对方更愿意看到深层含义
2）深刻含义（中心句）（1句）全段乃至全文核心，用了我的套路后肯定是长句，要求清楚点明含义，不用写难词
2．论据 （3—4句）
1）象征点（1—3句）。但是根据KYW003的大量同学习作来看，并非一个非常好的点，写出来虽然简单，但是浪费了大量空间，后面有话写的话，可以不写
2）现状描述（1—2句）深入点明当代社会中，这个深刻含义的体现，可以是泛泛谈“很多人。。。”也可以具体谈具体事例（这就变成举例了）
3）原因/或者背景（1—N句）为什么会有这个现象？？始终是改卷者的喜欢看到的点。可以写一句，如果有两点原因，也可以写两点
4）IN OTHER WORDS：FC体系中关键的一句。体现层次感，并且换个角度阐述深层含义或者你的理解。若没话说，则用xxx has/have brought about a xxxxx influence on XXX, 深刻点明这个事情的好或者坏
5）举例。很多时候，如果有具体而到位的例子，这是一种重要的论证方式，尤其是抽象文章，必须具体化（如后文：有阳光的地方就有阴影）
6） 层进

：本来是得意之笔，但是根据KYW003来看，几乎成了字数的累赘。不过，别的不说吧。Accepted、 这四个词还是挺不错了，放哪里都很亮。
3．结论：必须要有（1句）。引导词：Generally speaking, 假设结尾预测结果是不错的方式
好事：正反论证：如果我们没有这个好的方面，我们就会……/我们就不能……
坏事：威胁式总结：如果我们熟视无睹，（例：这个disturbing trend 就会继续下去……）
综合以上对天龙八部的分析，中间冲顶6句里，除开志在必得的论点和结论外，还有4句可以写（也就是说，什么叫思路？？就是写3--4句话！！！第一段不存在思路,第三段不存在不会写, 也就是说,整个考研写作就是写这3--4句话!!）

（三）、要有中文提纲
推荐：动笔前花3--5分钟简单列出自己可以写的几句话, 不用象下面这么仔细, 不然10分钟都不够, 只用随便写个提示,让自己心中有数,然后取舍, 写自己最擅长的, 淘汰不好写的和没有意义的.当然并非一定要这么做.
1、举例说明（坏事）:教授的职责(讲台上一堆论文,教授站在论文上,学生喊到:老师,黑板在下面)
写作思路：先用中文大概列出提纲 (脑子里想,不用都写,写要点提醒自己就可以了,有个心理预期值)
（1）. 深意:教授只顾自己研究，忽视学生教育
（2）. 现状:在很多高校中,这样的事并不在少数,很多教授把大量时间放在论文的数量和质量上, 而把极少的时间放在了学生的身上(这其实是对1的深入挖掘和细致描述)
（3）.原因: 两方面:一方面是高校评估教授时过多注意论文,另一方面是教师自己喜欢追求名誉
（4）.IN OTHER WORDS: 此现象已经造成了极大危害
（5）.层进:教授本职就是教书,应该被accepted...然而现在被人忽视了
（6）.威胁性结尾:如果我们熟视无睹.......
（1）是论点, （6）是结论.（2,3,4,5）是论据.然而稍微分析下发现,字数可能偏多. 水平一般的同学可以写（2,4,5）, 水平高的人可以写（3）,分析两点或者一点原因,而放弃（4）或者（5）.
2、举例说明（好事）: 站得高，看得远
1.深意:当代社会,要想成功,就必须有远大的眼光
2.原因/背景现状:当代社会竞争激烈,压力很大,因此很多人选择出国留学,很多人考研,很多人努力提高自己,都是为了扩大自己的眼界
3.In other words, 远大的眼光在一个人或者国家的成功过程里发挥着积极而深远的作用
4.举例: 邓小平....
5.层进:这样的精神要被accepted.....
6.结论:反面假设论证:要是一个人缺乏长远的计划和目标,只是沉迷于自己的眼前利益,就必然会失败(就很难在无情社会里取得成功)
（1）是论点, （6）是结论,必写.（2,3,4,5）要懂得舍弃. 合理的组合

是（1）+（2,3）+（6）, 或者（1）+（2,3,5）+（6）, 或者（1）+（2,4）+（6）, 或者（1）+（2）+自己写的话+（6）

（四）、层次最清晰的写法,但是不如天龙八步
Undoubtedly, the purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the issue that________. And I believe that the connotation contains two/three layers of meanings.
1.
2.
3.(if possible)
例一:2005, 养老足球赛
The purpose of the drawing is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the mistreatment of senior citizens. And I believe that the connotation contains three layers of meanings. First and foremost, some people shirk their duty of financially supporting their old and helpless parents due to their own interest. Furthermore, some elderly people are often ill-treated by their own children and can hardly lead a normal life. Last but not least, while some young people enjoy a comfortable life, their parents are neglected and reduced to utter poverty.
例二:2006, 小贝头
The photos clearly reveal a serious and pervasive social problem nowadays. And I believe that the connotation contains three layers of meanings. First of all, there is no denying that many youngsters want to be famous or rich overnight, therefore their focus is only on the success of the superstars, ignoring the fact that the famous people have to overcome many hardships and difficulties before they attain their success. A case in point is Beckham or Liu Xiang. What’s more, following the footsteps of superstars will waste the youngsters’ precious time. They are at a prime time to learn new knowledge and lay a solid foundation for their future career. Sheer adoration of stars will ruin their study and their future. Last but not least, some stars are not the ideal idols for young people, for example, the famous footballer Maradona used to abuse drugs. This, of course, has a negative effect on the development of the young people.
优点自然不用说, 和六及作文差不多,十分清楚,一,二三.缺点是, 只是貌似逻辑清楚, 真正分析起来,不如天龙八部全面体现出:"起承转合"的精髓.在最后关头补充出来,随便看看就可以了)

（五）、下面是对教育部满分或者其他范文的P2分析，看看除了论点和结论，他们写了几句
范文一：2003（温室花朵）
1．由浅入深To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the greenhouse can not withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously.
2．象征点展开阐述The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality.
3．结论：威胁式总结Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept

the challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties. 当然这句完全可以写为
If we turn a blind eye to the disturbing trend, our young generation, the future of our society, would lose the strength to face any challenges and difficulties.
或
Were the disturbing trend to continue, our young generation would pay a high price/hardly can our young generation achieve anything in the ruthless and relentless society. （虚拟+倒装）

范文二：沙进我退，我进沙退（经典坏事）
1.深刻含义The purpose of the pictures is to show us that due attention has to be
.
2．原因+现状描述Owing to rampant clear cutting, the desert is occupying our living space at an overwhelming speed.
3. 继续深入描述现状（或举沙尘暴的例子）Especially，the increase of the sand storm is sounding an alarm to us humans
4．In other words, this phenomenon has brought about an undeniably adverse consequence on our ecosystem.
5. 结论（威胁性总结）If we do not fight against , they will drive us away from the land. if we let this situation go as it is, our environment will suffer a great destruction.

范文三：2005（养老足球赛）
1．浅-深To begin with, the purpose of the drawing is to show us a special “football game”, yet the symbolic meanings subtly demonstrated should be taken into account more seriously. （可以省略，写别的）
2．深刻含义The purpose of this sketch is to show us that due attention has to be focused upon the issue of mistreating of the aged, which is an alarming and overwhelming negative social phenomenon in contemporary.
3．现状+原因The past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that people in increasing numbers are reluctant to raise their aging parents, for they only intend to pursue their own comfortable and convenient life, totally ignoring their parents.
4．层进（注意观察）In the past, respecting the old was accepted, respected, appreciated and shared, yet, it is, to some extent, ignored and neglected in current society.
5．威胁性总结If we let the situation go as it is, our moral system will suffer a great destruction.
在3句后，可以加In other words, 这个现象带来很XXX的影响。

范文四：2006（小贝头）
1．深刻含义Undoubtedly, the photos have subtly reflected the social phenomenon that idol worship is prevalent among the youth nowadays.
2．象征点(其实也解释了人们为什么追星的原因：人帅，球技好)Beckham represents the image of sport hero whose handsome appearance and unparalleled football skills are passionately adored by all the sports fans.
3．举例Likewise, several teenage girls won their fame overnight in The 2005 Super Girl Contest in China, which provoked nationwide noisy debate

s on the value and harm of admiring these idols.
4．总结Generally speaking, young people are inclined to adore the people who excel in appearance, intelligence or talent.

范文五：2007（自信）（经典好事）
1．深刻含义Apparently, the purpose of the picture is to emphasize the importance of self-confidence in our daily life.
2．原因On account of the quickening pace of life, competition goes increasingly fierce in all walks of life, imposing tremendous pressure on all individuals.
3． 现状+号召（点出自信的重要性）The past few years have witnessed dramatic increase in the difficulty of examinations and employment. We must maintain powerful self-confidence and optimism in the face of challenges so as to survive and succeed.
4．正反Suppose we are inclined to overestimate our rivals or problems and neglect our ability, we will become hesitating and doubtful of ourselves, unable to fulfill even a simple task.6。
5．总结（其实可以就拿正反作总结，已经够了）Therefore, it is necessary to embrace the strong faith that we are indomitable and invincible.

范文六：合理的制度（经典好事）
1．有浅入深The connotation subtly revealed in the drawing goes far beyond a running man.（由浅入深很简短，不要写太长了）
2．深刻含义 Instead, a prevalent social issue is virtually demonstrated: a growing number of people are striding into wealthy lives under the support of the government, who exerts a positive impact on the national economics.
3．反面论证On the contrary, a minority of people are still struggling to their feet in the poor circumstances, and are reluctant to adopt the government’s policy, which results in even worse hardship that can hardly be shaken of temporarily.
4．结论Consequently, the reasonable policies are extraordinarily vital to reverse the trend of poverty.
其实本段还可以写现状，原因，举例（深圳，改革），但该考试全部舍弃，最终写出一篇思路极其清晰的文章

范文七：有阳光的地方就有阴影（图画：阳光下，一颗树茂盛生长，长长的阴影清晰可见）
注意：这个文章图画过于抽象，对于这样的题目的处理方式，我们必须使其具体化，也就是说，必须通过联系实际，举1-2个相关例子才可以把事情论述清楚。
1．浅—深：Simple as the picture is, its subtle connotation endeavors to convinces us that almost every issue is a double-edged sword. 或positive development will inevitably/constantly/invariably bring about negative consequences.
2．现状+原因 The past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that our economic development is accompanied by environmental pollution, for people who only pursue their economic profit totally ignore the significance of sustainable development. (注意黑体字的运用。其中逗号加FOR表原因，一定接句子，也就是说，FOR后面的句子

重新开始，看有没有主谓！！主语：PEOPLE，谓语：ignore。Who修饰人类，定语从句)
3．举另外一个细节例子Another fitting example is closely associated with/is closely connected to the soaring development of the Internet. On the one hand, people from all walks of life are benefiting considerably from its powerful function of information communication. On the other hand, a great number of students are addicted to on-line games and therefore they can hardly concentrate on study.
4. 威胁性总结 If we turn a blind eye to the negative side of such issue, we would pay a high price.
还有什么没有写？？Obviously, 树象征好的方面，阴影象征伴随而来的坏的方面（这两句话固然好，但是绝对值得舍弃，因为有更好的选择，而你只有6句话冲顶）In other words， 层进，这些看起来经典的句子也可以丢掉了。


三、第三段
如果是提出建议段，可以从以下方面入手
1.国家立法
2.人民教育
3.从自己做起
4.媒体应该在这个问题上发挥关键和重要作用: The media should play a positive and decisive role in publicizing such phenomenon in order to arouse the public awareness
5. 自由发挥: 针对题目本身自己提出合理的建议, 如国家应该减少汽车尾气排放, 我们应该让社会上多创作一些类似"常回家看看"之类的歌曲

三分天下法其实就是在文章第二段用清晰的关联词1，2，3分隔开，让阅卷人对自己的文章脉络把握清楚的一种简单处理方式，在某种程度上和六级写作如出一辙。

总共6句话
第一句仍然直接说出深层含义（由浅入深的写法确实是比较弱智）
第二句是关键：这是一句过渡句，提示阅卷人，我接下来要分三点来分析这个问题，自己制造这句话，可以避免模板同时还可以提示脉络同时还可以顺便凑个字数
例句如下：
1. This picture is thought-provoking in that it conveys the following three layers of subtle connotations.
2. The subtle implication can be analyzed in the following three interrelated aspects.
3. In order to derive profound implication from it, we can dissect this enlightening picture in the following three aspects.

以上三句话的意思无非就是：考官注意啊，我要写三点了！
然后开始写自己的1，2，3每点一句话（当然如果你可以多写几句也不是问题，控制时间就OK）
第三句是第一点，initially/to begin with/first and foremost
第四句是第二点，additionally/what’s more/moreover/furthermore
第五句是第三点，finally/last but not least

以上三点请根据自己对图画的分析理解写出三层含义。临场发挥的时候到了，楼主们。高手一定不要放弃自己发挥的时候

如果不知道发挥什么怎么办？ 此时请不要忘了天龙八部。 除了浅，深和总结三步，我们还有5部。回忆一下哪五

步？1.象征点；2. 现状+原因（老实说，这难道只是一点吗？牛逼的人可以写N句）3. 结果和影响 4 强行举例（记得2006年的小贝头和春哥的关系吧） 5. 层进的修辞手法（accepted…）
其中人类黄金三步思维是：现状是什么。原因是什么。结果是什么。实在不知道的人，三点各来一句
但是请注意细节：
我们在课堂里讲的是现状+原因。也就是说，原因那点只是个从句
如：The past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that our living space is occupied by sandstorm at an unprecedented speed, for the reason that we humans are only in pursuit of the maximum profit and economic prosperity, totally turning a blind eye to the sustainable development.
楼主们，这只是一句话，前半截由经典拟人句引导出现状，后半截用for the reason that(==because)引导出原因。如果要放在三分天下里成为第一和第二点的话，要这么写
Initially, the past several years have witnessed the phenomenon that our living space is occupied by sandstorm at an unprecedented speed.
Additionally, the reason is that we humans are only in pursuit of the maximum profit and economic prosperity, totally turning a blind eye to the sustainable development.
注意红字部分提示原因解释。绝对不可以写the reason is because..
当然如果有很多话写，也可以直接
Initially, 然后把现状+原因都写上去成为一句话。然后二三两点写别的

至于最后一句第六句，以前怎么总结，现在还怎么总结。注意关联词Generally speaking