最新现代外语教学复习资料
最新英语语言学复习资料教程文件
最新英语语言学复习资料教程文件英语语言学复习资料注: 1.试题类型为选择题,填空题,语料分析题和问答题.2.未标习题的章节为一般了解.Chapter 1Language and Linguistics: An Overview1.1 What is language?1.2 Features of human languages(i) Creativity (or productivity)Productivity is the first and foremost striking feature of human language._________ is the first and foremost striking feature of human language.A. DualityB. ArbitrarinessC. CreativityD. Displacement(ii) Duality( ) Language contains two subsystems, one of speaking and the other of writing.(iii) Arbitrariness( ) The Swiss linguist de Saussure r egarded the linguistic sign as composed of sound image and referent.(iv) Displacement( ) Modern linguistics is prescriptive rather than descriptive.( ) Language can be used to refer to things real or imagined, past, present or future.(v) Cultural transmission(vi) Interchangeability(vii) Reflexivity1.3 Functions of language(i) The ideational function(ii) The interpersonal function(iii) The textual functionWhich of the following does not belong to the language metafunctions illustrated byM.A.K. Halliday?A.Ideational functionB. Interpersonal functionC．Textual function. D. Logical function1.4 Types of language( ) Chinese is an agglutinating language.1.5 The myth of language: language origin1.6 Linguistics: the scientific study of language1.6.1 Linguistics as a science1.6.2 Branches of linguistics(i) Intra-disciplinary divisions(ii) Inter-disciplinary divisions1.6.3 Features of modern linguisticsChapter 2 Phonetics: The Study of Speech Sounds2.1 The study of speech soundsThe study of speech sounds is called ________.A. PhoneticsB. Articulatory phoneticsC. PhonologyD. Acoustic Phonetics2.2 The sound-producing mechanism2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds2.3.1 Unit of representation2.3.2 Phonetic symbols2.4 Description of English consonants2.5 Description of English vowels( ) Not all vowels are voiced.2.6 Phonetic features and natural classesI. Write the phonetic symbol that corresponds to the articulatory description. (10%) Example: vowel front high [i:] 1．bilabial nasal2．voiced labiovelar glide3．literal liquid4．voiced bilabial stop5．front high laxII. Transcribe the sound represented by the underlined letter(s) in the words and then describe it. (10%)Example: heat [i:] vowel front high1．write2．actor3．city4．worry1．yesChapter 3 Phonology: The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns( ) The study of speech sounds is called Phonology.3.2 Phonemes and allophones3.3 Discovering phonemes3.3.1 Contrastive distributionSip and zip, tip and dip, map and nap, etc, are all ______.A. minimal pairsB. minimal setsC. allophonesD. phomes3.3.2 Complimentary distribution( ) The voiceless bilabial stop in pin and the one in spin are in complementary distribution.Pronounce the words key and core, ski and score, paying attention to the phoneme /k/. What difference do you notice between the first pair and the second pair in terms of the phonetic features of the voiceless velar stop? (10%)3.3.3 Free Variation( ) If segments appear in the same position but the mutual substitution does not result in change of meaning, they are said to be in free variation.3.3.4 The discovery procedure3.4 Distinctive features and non-distinctive features3.5 Phonological rules3.6 Syllable structureEvery syllable has a(n) _______, which is usually a vowel.A. onsetB. nucleusC. codaD. rhyme3.7 Sequence of phonemes3.8 Features above segments3.8.1 Stress3.8.2 Intonation3.8.3 Tone( ) Tone is the variation of pitch to distinguish utterance meaning.Which of the following does not belong to suprasegmental features?B.Stress B. IntonationC. ToneD. Syllable3.8.4 The functioning of stress and intonation in EnglishI.How would you read the phrases in the two columns? What does each of them mean? (10%)Column I Column IIa. a bluebird a blue birdb. a lighthouse keeper a light housekeeperII.Explain the ambiguity of the following sentences. (10%)1. Those who went there quickly made a fortune.2. A woman murdererChapter 4 Morphology: The Study of Word Structure4.1 Words and word structure1.________ is defined as the study of the internal structure and the formation of words.A. MorphologyB. SyntaxC. LexiconD. Morpheme4.2 Morpheme: the minimal meaningful unit of language4.3 Classification of morphemes4.3.1 Free and bound morphemes( ) In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain only one morpheme.In the phrases a herd of cattle, a flock of sheep, both cattle and sheep contain _____ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4.3.2. Inflectional and derivational morphemes4.4 Formation of English words4.4.1 Derivation4.4.2 Compounding( ) The meaning of compounds is always the sum of meaning of the compounds. ( ) A greenbottle is a type of bottle.( ) Compounding, the combination of free morphemes, is a common way to form words.4.4.3 Other types of English word formationTell the process of word formation illustrated by the example and find as many words as you can that are formed in the same way. (10%)a) flub) OPECc) Nobeld)televisee) better (v.)_____ is a process that puts an existing word of one class into another class.A. ClippingB. BlendingC. EponymD. ConversionChapter 5 Syntax: the Analysis of Sentence Structure5.1 Grammaticality5.2 Knowledge of sentence structure5.3 Different approaches to syntax5.4 Transformational-generative grammar5.4.1 The goal of a TG grammar5.4.2 Syntactic categories5.4.3 Phrase structure rules5.4.4 Tree diagramsDraw two tree diagrams of the following ambiguous sentence. (10%)Pat found a book on Wall Street.5.4.5 Recursion and the infinitude of language5.4.6 Subcategorization of the lexicon5.4.7 Transformational rules5.5 Systemic-functional grammar5.5.1 Two perspectives of syntactic analysis: chain and choice5.5.2 The three metafunctions5.5.3 Transitivity: syntactic structure as representation of experienceMaterial processesRelational processesMental processesVerbal processesBehavioral processesExistential processesIdentify the type of transitivity process in each of the following sentences. (10%)1. John washed the car.2. John likes the car.5.5.4 Mood and modality: syntactic structure as representation of interaction5.5.5 Theme and rheme: syntactic structure as organization of message Chapter 6 Semantics: the Analysis of Meaning6.1 The study of meaning6.2 Reference and sense6.2.1 Reference6.2.2 Sense6.3 Classification of lexical meaningsBoth pretty and handsome mean good-looking but they differ in ________ meaning.A. collocativeB. socialC. affectiveD. reflected6.3.1 Referential meaning and associative meaning6.3.2 Types of associative meaning6.4 Lexical sense relations6.4.1 Synonymy6.4.2 Antonymy6.4.3 Homonymy6.4.4 Polysemy6.4.5 HyponymyExplain the relation between bank1(the side of a river) and bank2(the financial institute). (5%)6.5. Describing lexical meaning: componential analysis6.6 Words and concepts6.6.1 Categorization6.6.2 Prototypes6.6.3 Hierarchies6.7 Semantic relations of sentencesTell the semantic relation within the given sentence and that between the two sentences.(15%)a)My uncle is male.b)The spinster is married.c)Jim is an orphan. Jim lives with his parents.d)Sam is the husband of Sally. Sally is the wife of Sam.e)He has gone to London. He has gone to England.6.8 Metaphors。
现代外语教学复习资料
现代外语教学复习资料绪论我国外语教学存在得问题:(P2-P5)1、theoretical researches are weak2、teachers' faculty is not strong3、schools are short of teaching resources4、teaching concepts lag behind the society5、education is mainly exam-oriented6、the interference related to power and money is serious第二章1、外语教学研究得三个层次:(P32-P38)ontology: essential characteristics of language itself and language teaching 2、语言得本质特点:1)、the most important tool to municate2)、a linguistic system made up of various subsystems3)、a tool to think and a carrier for culture4)、require special physiological basis2、外语教学研究得三个层次:(P32-P38)② positivism: principles of foreign language teachinga、systematic principleb、municative principlec、cognitive principled、cultural principlee、affective principle外语教学研究得三个层次:(P32-P38)③ methodology: organization, strategies and methods of foreignlanguageteaching存在得问题:a、exclusivenessb、one-sidednessc、intricacy第三章1、外语学习者得生理与认知因素:(P46-P52)②intelligence:a、take different steps to students of different level of intelligenceb、general intelligence → municationhigher intelligence → form2、外语学习者得生理与认知因素:(P46-P52)③aptitude:a、phonetic coding abilityb、grammatical sensitivityc、inductive sensitivity3、外语学习者得生理与认知因素:(P46-P52)④cognitive style:a、field dependenceb、field independence4、外语学习者得情感因素:(P52-P55)①motivation and attitude:a、Brown:global motivationsituational motivationtask motivationb、Gardner and Lambert:integrative motivation instrumental motivation②personality:extrovert vs、introvert5、对教学得启示:a、strengthen students' merits in different occasionsb、change students of different personality to the contrary6、理想得外语学习者:(P55-P56)(二语习得P122)a、group dynamicsb、use the target languagec、attend to meaning rather than to formd、use of study techniquese、the early stages of grammatical developmentf、analytic skillsg、integrative motivation/ task motivationh 、take risksi、adapt to different learning conditions7、EA得一般步骤:(P62)(二语习得P52)a、a corpus of language is seletedb、the errors in the corpus are identifiedc、the errors are classifiedd、the errors are explainede、the errors are evaluated8、EA得作用:(P62)a、recognize which stages are students in/how much contents are remainedb、evidence of how the learners learn or aquire languagec、a means used to aquire language/ a means used to inspect the essence of the language9、EA得局限性:(P64-P65)a、it's difficult to define and distinguish errorsb、lack of a mon standard to classify errorsc、it's difficult to distinguish avoidence from errors10、中介语得特点:(P66)a、openb、flexiblec、systematic11、中介语构建得手段:(P67)a、language transferb、overgeneralization of target language rulesc 、transfer of trainingd、trategies of L2 learninge、strategies of L2 munication12、成功得外语学习者所采用得五大策略:(P71)a、participate language learning positively by searching and ultilizing favourable learning environmentb、set language as a system of formsc、set language as a tool to municated、accept and deal with the affective needs during the learning processe、expand and revise the foreign language system by inferencing and monitoring、13、学习者策略对外语教学得启发:(P83)a、guide students to make the best use of existing knowledgeb、make the best use of learning strategies to improve language learning abilitiesc、help learners use municative strategies correctly第四章1、CLT得理论基础:(P89-P90)a、theories of language munication:a system made up of basic unitsfundamental function is municationthe language structure reflect the function and municative uasge the basic units of language are showed in the municative functions of discourese rather than just grammaticalcharacteristics②learning theories:municative principletask principlemeaningful principle2、语法编写得原则:(P103)a、systematic principleb、municative principlec、contrastive principled、cognitive principle3、词汇教学得原则:(P108-P109)a、systematic principleb、municative principlec、cultural principled、cognitive principlee、affeive principle3、影响听力得重要因素:(P111-P115)rules and structural a、the characteristics of listening materials (speed/pause/hesitation)b、the characteristics of the speakers (sex/authority of the speaker)c、the characteristics of the tasksd、the charateristics of the learnerse、the charateristics of the process4、外语阅读与母语阅读不同特点得比较:(P118-P119)a、the positive transfer has its limits/language rules and pragmatic principleb、the shortings of the abilities and skills on mother-tongue reading influence the process of positive transfer and the improvement of reading abilities in foreign languagec、affective factors also influence the process of reading5、语言与文化得关系:(P128-P129)a、language is a part of cultureb、langauge is the carrier of culturec、culture is the base of language6、文化导入得必要性与重要意义:(P130)a、cultural knowledge and acmodation ability are important parts of municative petenceb、municative petence is the essential base and method to acquire further cultural languagec、adapt to the requirements of special positions7、文化导入得重要原则:(P132-P133)a、practical principleb、stage principlec、acmodation principle8、文化导入得主要方法:(P133-P134)a、annotationb、fusionc、practiced、parisone、specifically explanation第五章1、课程设计得阶段:(P136)a、fact-findingb、the theory and practical evidence of course design and syllabus designc、make the goals to plans, recognize the aims and contentsd、prepare the materials and pile the textbook2、教材编写得原则:(P144)a、authentic principleb、gradual principlec、interesting principled、diverse principlee、modern principlef、practical principle3、合格得外语教师应具备得素质:(P151)a、solid professional knowledge and skillsb、abilities of classroom management and implementc、good characters and delightful personalitiesd、systematic knowledge of modern languagee、considerable knowledge of foreign language acquisition theoriesf、knowledge of foreign language teaching4、外语教学得实施得主要过程:(P155)a、needs analysisb、curriculum designc、material developmentd、classroom instructionf、course evaluation5、传统课堂教学模式(PPP)得不足:(P156-157)a、teaching model is teacher-centredb、the result of PPP model is exam-oriented educationc、students haven't received enough inputd、mislead students to a worry learning way6、课堂教学最基本目标:(P159-162)a、cultivate students' interestsb、provide authentic language inputc、help students use learning strategies which are benefit to foreign language learningd、help students overe the difficulties during the learning process 7、外语测试得类型:(P167-170)a、测试目得:aptitude testachivement testdiagnostic testproficiency testexit testb、外语测试得类型:(P167-170)②测试得方法与方式:direct testingindirect testing③测试题型:a、discrete-point testingb、integrative testingc、外语测试得类型:(P167-170)④考试成绩判别得标准:norm-referenced testingcriterion-referenced testing⑤判卷标准:a、subjective testingb、objective testing8、效度(test validity):(P170)a、whether the test can test what it meant to exactlyb、content validityc、criterion-related validityd、construct validitye、face validity9、信度(test reliability):(P172)a、whether the result of the test are reliableb、test itselfc、marking of papers第六章1、外语教学法得主要流派:(P180-P206)a、The Oral Approach and the situational Language Teachingb、The Audiolingual Meathodc、municative Approachd、Total Physical Responsee、The Silent Wayf、munity Language Learningg、The natural Approachh、Suggestopedia2、任务型教学得原则:(P209-P210)a、interactive principleb、authentic in linguistic materialsc、process principled、emphasize the improvement made by learners' experiencef、classroom language learning is related to language application outside the class3、任务型教学得优点:(P221)a、reflect new ideas about language learning and teachingc、shorten the distance between class and lifed、it aims at cultivating students' learning capacity/ cooperative learning 4、任务型教学得局限性:(P221-P222)a、the recognition of language learning is extremeb、the randomness of task selectingc、the limitation of application scoped、instead special tests of whether the tasks have been acplished。
外语教学法期末复习参考
外语教学法流派介绍外语教学法主要流派及其特点翻译法(T r a n s l a t i o n M e t h o d)* 翻译法也叫语法翻译法(Grammar-Translation Method)、阅读法(Reading Method)、古典法(Classical Method)。
翻译法最早是在欧洲用来教授古典语言希腊语和拉丁语的外语教学方法，到18世纪末和19世纪中期开始被用来教授现代语言。
翻译法的教学目的是培养学生阅读外国文学作品的能力和模仿范文进行写作的能力。
其突出的特点是：教师用母语授课，授课重点是讲解与分析句子成分和语音、词汇变化与语法规则。
*翻译法历史悠久，其优点是：* 1.学生语法概念清晰；* 2.阅读能力较强，尤其是遇到长而难的句子时通过分析句子结构便能理解意思；* 3.有助于培养翻译能力和写作能力。
* 翻译法的缺点是：* 1. 忽视口语教学，学生的语音语调差，不利于培养学生用外语进行交际的能力；* 2. 教学方式单一，学生容易失去兴趣。
直接法(D i r e c t M e t h o d)* 直接法也叫自然法(Natural Method)、口语法(Oral Method)、改良法(Reformed Method)。
针对翻译法不能培养学生听说能力的缺点，直接法于19世纪末在欧洲产生。
* 它包含三个方面的意思：直接学习、直接理解和直接应用。
其主要特点是：不允许使用母语，用动作和图画等直观手段解释词义和句子。
* 直接法是在19世纪后半叶作为语法－翻译法的对立物在西欧出现的，主要代表人物是贝力兹（M.D.Berlitz）、艾盖尔特（B.Eggert）和帕默（H.E.Palmer）。
直接法还有别的名称，如改革法、自然法、心理法、口语法、妥协法、综合直接法、折衷直接法、循序渐进直接法等，虽各有差异，但同属一类。
* 所谓直接法，就是直接用外语教外语，不用学生的母语，不用翻译，也不注重形式语法。
最新《英语学科教学论》精品复习材料
最新《英语学科教学论》精品复习材料语言教学法的流派I. The Grammar-translation Method 语法翻译法背景：中世纪，拉丁语是欧洲文化教育、著书立说的国际语言及官方的语言。
后来，人们学习拉丁语的主要目的是阅读用拉丁语写的书籍和训练心智。
在18、19世纪，法语、英语兴起，人们就沿用教授拉丁语这类古典语言的翻译法。
后来，传统的翻译法逐步发展为今日的语法翻译法。
语法翻译法认为，学习外语首要的是学习语法。
因为学习语法既有助于理解、翻译外语，又有助于磨练治理，培养学生的逻辑思维能力。
对课文的理解其前提条件是正确理解课文中的语法能力。
语法翻译法倡导阅读领先，着重培养阅读与翻译能力，在此基础上，再兼顾听说训练。
Basic Idea:1.The goal of foreign language study is to learn a language in order to read its literature or in order to benefit from the mental discipline and intellectual development that result from foreign language study.基本思想：1。
外语学习的目的是为了读它的文学或为了从外语学习中产生的精神学科和智力发展而学习语言。
2.Reading and writing are the major focus; little or no systematic attention is paid to speaking or listening.2。
阅读和写作是主要的焦点，很少或根本没有系统的关注是听或说。
3. Vocabulary selection is based solely on the reading texts used. In a typical Grammar-Translation text, a list of vocabulary items is presented with their translation equivalents. Words are taught through bilingual word lists, dictionary study and memorization. 3。
《现代英语词汇学》(新版)复习
英语词汇学复习的内容：.一、考试题形式分为：Ⅰ.选择题(20分)：完全是考书中的理论与例子的结合,即知识点等。
1-9cahptersⅡ.填空（30分）：考定义概念。
1-10chaptersⅢ.（20分）习语英译汉：教材中汉语部分idioms: 习语的特点Ⅳ.(10分) 论述题：第三章为主Ⅴ. 树形图（依据上下义关系作图）(20分)：第二、六章二、教材内容简介陆国强编著：《现代英语词汇学》（新版），上海外语教育出版社，2003年7月第一章词的概述；第二章词的结构和词的构成方式；第三章词的理据；第四章词的语义特征；第五章词义的变化；第六章词的语义分类；第七章词的联想与搭配；第八章英语习语；第九章美国英语；第十章词的使用和理解；第十一章词汇衔接；第十二章词汇衔接和语篇连贯。
教学内容是: 词形结构构词法, 词法特点及分类, 词义转换, 英文习语, 美式英语, 词汇及文学风格, 英语词汇学, 词汇学研究方法及其新的发展方向等方面的理论与研究动态。
《现代英语词汇学教材》以现代语言理论为指导，以英语词汇为研究对象。
主要内容有单词的结构、构词法、单词的意义及词义关系、英语词汇的构成、词义的历史演变、成语及词典知识。
本课程可以使学生比较系统地掌握英语词汇的知识，比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及历史演变过程，并能对现代英语词汇发展的趋势和所出现的现象作出分析和解释，提高运用英语的能力。
本课程特别强调和重视研究生广泛阅读英语词汇学、语言学、语义学、词源学方面的书籍，以教师精讲、学生宽学为目的。
本课程的教学目的, 在于指导学生用现代语义学和语法学的有关理论分析研究现代英语词汇现象, 揭示现代英语词汇规律。
要求学生通过英汉词汇的对比研究, 探讨英语词汇教学规律, 指导英语语言实践, 不断提高对现代英语词汇的理解, 应用和研究能力。
主要参考书汪榕培，《英语词汇学研究》，上海外语教育出版社，2000年4月第一版王文斌，《英语词汇语义学》，浙江教育出版社，2001年6月第一版汪榕培、卢晓娟编著：《英语词汇学教程》，上海外语教育出版社，1997年10月第1版.汪榕培主编：《英语词汇学高级教程》，上海外语教育出版社，2002年11月张韵斐:《英语词汇学》北京师范大学出版社.汪榕培《英语词汇学教程读本》上海外语教育出版社.1. Carter, R. (1987), V ocabulary: Applied Linguistic Perspectives. London: Allen & Unwin.2. Carter, R. & M. McCarthy, (1988), V ocabluary and Language Teaching. Harlow; Longman.教学手段：采用多媒体教学本课程要求学生能够比较全面、比较系统地了解现代英语词汇学这一领域的一些最主要、最有影响的语言学理论，能够运用词汇学理论去分析和解决词汇学习中的一些问题。
英语下学期总复习资料
英语下学期总复习资料英语下学期总复习资料英语作为一门重要的国际语言，对于我们来说具有重要的意义。
下学期即将结束，为了帮助大家复习英语，我整理了一些总复习资料，希望对大家有所帮助。
一、语法复习1. 时态：复习各种时态的构成和用法，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
注意各种时态的肯定、否定和疑问句的构成。
2. 从句：复习宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句的构成和用法。
注意从句的引导词和语序的变化。
3. 名词和代词：复习名词的单复数形式、所有格和代词的人称、数和格的变化规则。
4. 形容词和副词：复习形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式的构成和用法。
5. 介词和冠词：复习介词和冠词的用法，特别是一些常见的固定搭配。
二、词汇复习1. 同义词和反义词：复习一些常见的同义词和反义词，扩大词汇量。
2. 词根和词缀：复习一些常见的词根和词缀，帮助理解和记忆生词。
3. 短语和习惯用语：复习一些常用的短语和习惯用语，提高语言表达的准确性和流利度。
三、听力复习1. 听力技巧：复习一些常用的听力技巧，如预测、推测和判断等，提高听力理解能力。
2. 听力材料：找一些有关主题的听力材料进行听力训练，注意听懂关键信息和主旨要点。
四、阅读复习1. 阅读技巧：复习一些常用的阅读技巧，如快速阅读、略读和详读等，提高阅读理解能力。
2. 阅读材料：找一些有关主题的阅读材料进行阅读训练，注意理解文章的结构和主题要点。
五、写作复习1. 写作技巧：复习一些常用的写作技巧，如段落结构、句子连接和词汇替换等，提高写作表达的准确性和流利度。
2. 写作练习：找一些有关主题的写作练习，注意练习各种写作形式，如记叙文、说明文和议论文等。
六、口语复习1. 口语技巧：复习一些常用的口语技巧，如表达观点、提出建议和回应问题等，提高口语表达的准确性和流利度。
2. 口语练习：找一些有关主题的口语练习，注意练习各种口语形式，如对话、演讲和辩论等。
以上是英语下学期总复习资料的简要介绍。
现代语言学-复习要点
Chapter1Introduction绪论1什么是语言学what is linguistics?1.1定义definitionLinguistics is generally defined as scientific study of language.1.2语言学的研究范畴the scope of linguisticsa.The study of language as a whole is often called general linguistics.把语言作为一个整体而进行的全面的语言学研究一般称为普通语言学。
b.The study of sounds used in linguistic communication led to the establishment of a branch of lingu istics called phonetics.语音学phoneticsHow speech sounds are produced and classified.c.how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning in communication.how sounds form systems and function to convey meaning.phonology音位学/音系学phonology交际中语音的组合规律及传达意义的方式d.The study of the way in which these symbols are arranged to form words has constituted the bran ch of study calledmorphology.形态学morphologyhow morphemes are combined to form words.这些符号通过排列组合而成构成语词，对于这种排列组合方式的研究构成了语言学研究的另一个分支，如对形态学的研究。
大一英语复习资料
大一英语复习资料大学的英语学习，无论是语法、词汇还是阅读、写作，都需要一定的复习资料来帮助巩固知识点，提高学习效率。
下面是一些大一英语复习资料的推荐。
一、语法1.《英语语法教程》（第二版）——杨寿林这本书是国内比较流行的英语语法教材，适合初学者使用。
全书分为分为基础、句型、时态、语态、文章、补充等6个部分，详细讲解了英语语法的各个方面，并附有练习。
有助于理解英语语法的纷繁复杂。
2.《英语语法基础教程》（第二版）——钟道隆这本书是国外较有名的英语语法教材，也适合初学者使用。
全书分为基础、词性、句型、语法意义、时态、语态、进阶等章节，以简单易懂的语言讲解各个语法知识点，并提供了大量的例句和练习题。
二、词汇1.《实用英语词汇》（词根+词缀）——李琦这本书主要介绍词根和词缀的具体含义和组合方式，让读者通过学习词根和词缀加深词汇记忆，扩展词汇量。
此外，书中也附有相关的练习题，方便巩固记忆。
2.《牛津3000词表》这份词表是牛津大学根据英语语料库中的数据整理出来的一个常用词表，包含3000个左右的词汇，这些词汇在日常英文交流中经常出现。
可以帮助大家更好地掌握英语的基础词汇。
三、阅读1.《大学英语读物》系列这套书包括三个级别（初级、中级、高级），每个级别都有课文和课后练习。
初级阶段主要讲述一些简短的故事、文章，适合在英语阅读技巧方面进行练习。
中级阶段的语言难度和篇幅都有所加强，适合培养阅读长篇文章的技巧。
高级阶段的阅读材料则更加丰富，难度相对较高，适合提升英语阅读和理解能力。
2.英语新闻网站BBC、CNN、Reuters等国际新闻媒体的英文网站可以帮助大家深入了解国际新闻，并锻炼英语阅读能力。
同时，国内的《中国日报》、《中国经济网》等网站也可以加以使用，关注国内外的大事小情。
四、写作1.《大学英语写作》——EmmaMackenzie这本书为大学生提供了很多实用的写作技巧，包括写作步骤、写作格式、句型搭配、段落组织，以及一些常用的写作技巧，如排比、比喻、比较等等。
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现代外语教学复习资料绪论我国外语教学存在的问题：（P2-P5）1. theoretical researches are weak2. teachers' faculty is not strong3. schools are short of teaching resources4. teaching concepts lag behind the society5. education is mainly exam-oriented6. the interference related to power and money is serious第二章1.外语教学研究的三个层次：（P32-P38）ontology: essential characteristics of language itself and language teaching 2.语言的本质特点：1). the most important tool to communicate2). a linguistic system made up of various subsystems3). a tool to think and a carrier for culture4). require special physiological basis2.外语教学研究的三个层次：（P32-P38）② positivism: principles of foreign language teachinga. systematic principleb. communicative principlec. cognitive principled. cultural principlee. affective principle外语教学研究的三个层次：（P32-P38）③ methodology: organization, strategies and methods of foreign language teaching存在的问题：a. exclusivenessb. one-sidednessc. intricacy第三章1.外语学习者的生理和认知因素：（P46-P52）② intelligence：a. take different steps to students of different level of intelligenceb. general intelligence → communicationhigher intelligence → form2.外语学习者的生理和认知因素：（P46-P52）③aptitude：a. phonetic coding abilityb. grammatical sensitivityc. inductive sensitivity3.外语学习者的生理和认知因素：（P46-P52）④cognitive style：a. field dependenceb. field independence4. 外语学习者的情感因素：（P52-P55）①motivation and attitude:a. Brown: global motivationsituational motivationtask motivationb. Gardner and Lambert: integrative motivationinstrumental motivation②personality:extrovert vs. introvert5. 对教学的启示：a. strengthen students' merits in different occasionsb. change students of different personality to the contrary6. 理想的外语学习者：（P55-P56）（二语习得P122）a. group dynamicsb. use the target languagec. attend to meaning rather than to formd. use of study techniquese. the early stages of grammatical developmentf. analytic skillsg. integrative motivation/ task motivationh . take risksi. adapt to different learning conditions7. EA的一般步骤：（P62）（二语习得P52）a. a corpus of language is seletedb. the errors in the corpus are identifiedc. the errors are classifiedd. the errors are explainede. the errors are evaluated8. EA的作用：（P62）a. recognize which stages are students in/ how much contents are remainedb. evidence of how the learners learn or aquire languagec. a means used to aquire language/ a means used to inspect the essence of the language9.EA的局限性：（P64-P65）a. it's difficult to define and distinguish errorsb. lack of a common standard to classify errorsc. it's difficult to distinguish avoidence from errors10. 中介语的特点：（P66）a. openb. flexiblec. systematic11. 中介语构建的手段：（P67）a. language transferb. overgeneralization of target language rulesc . transfer of trainingd. trategies of L2 learninge. strategies of L2 communication12. 成功的外语学习者所采用的五大策略：（P71）a. participate language learning positively by searching and ultilizing favourable learning environmentb. set language as a system of formsc. set language as a tool to communicated. accept and deal with the affective needs during the learning processe. expand and revise the foreign language system by inferencing and monitoring.13. 学习者策略对外语教学的启发：（P83）a. guide students to make the best use of existing knowledgeb. make the best use of learning strategies to improve language learning abilitiesc. help learners use communicative strategies correctly第四章1. CLT的理论基础：（P89-P90）a. theories of language communication:a system made up of basic unitsfundamental function is communicationthe language structure reflect the function and communicative uasge the basic units of language are showed in the communicative functions of discourese rather than just grammatical rules and structural characteristics②learning theories:communicative principletask principlemeaningful principle2. 语法编写的原则：（P103）a. systematic principleb. communicative principlec. contrastive principled. cognitive principle3. 词汇教学的原则：（P108-P109）a. systematic principleb. communicative principlec. cultural principled. cognitive principlee. affeive principle3. 影响听力的重要因素：（P111-P115）a. the characteristics of listening materials (speed/pause/hesitation)b. the characteristics of the speakers (sex/authority of the speaker)c. the characteristics of the tasksd. the charateristics of the learnerse. the charateristics of the process4. 外语阅读和母语阅读不同特点的比较：（P118-P119）a. the positive transfer has its limits/ language rules and pragmatic principleb. the shortcomings of the abilities and skills on mother-tongue reading influence the process of positive transfer and the improvement of reading abilities in foreign languagec. affective factors also influence the process of reading5. 语言和文化的关系：（P128-P129）a. language is a part of cultureb. langauge is the carrier of culturec. culture is the base of language6. 文化导入的必要性和重要意义：（P130）a. cultural knowledge and accommodation ability are important parts of communicative competenceb. communicative competence is the essential base and method to acquire further cultural languagec. adapt to the requirements of special positions7. 文化导入的重要原则：（P132-P133）a. practical principleb. stage principlec. accommodation principle8. 文化导入的主要方法：（P133-P134）a. annotationb. fusionc. practiced. comparisone. specifically explanation第五章1. 课程设计的阶段：（P136）a. fact-findingb. the theory and practical evidence of course design and syllabus designc. make the goals to plans, recognize the aims and contentsd. prepare the materials and compile the textbook2. 教材编写的原则：（P144）a. authentic principleb. gradual principlec. interesting principled. diverse principlee. modern principlef. practical principle3. 合格的外语教师应具备的素质：（P151）a. solid professional knowledge and skillsb. abilities of classroom management and implementc. good characters and delightful personalitiesd. systematic knowledge of modern languagee. considerable knowledge of foreign language acqu isition theoriesf. knowledge of foreign language teaching4. 外语教学的实施的主要过程：（P155）a. needs analysisb. curriculum designc. material developmentd. classroom instructionf. course evaluation5. 传统课堂教学模式（PPP）的不足：（P156-157）a. teaching model is teacher-centredb. the result of PPP model is exam-oriented educationc. students haven't received enough inputd. mislead students to a worry learning way6. 课堂教学最基本目标：（P159-162）a. cultivate students' interestsb. provide authentic language inputc. help students use learning strategies which are benefit to foreignlanguage learning d. help students overcome the difficulties during the learning process7. 外语测试的类型：（P167-170）a. 测试目的：aptitude testachivement testdiagnostic testproficiency testexit testb. 外语测试的类型：（P167-170）②测试的方法和方式：direct testingindirect testing③测试题型：a. discrete-point testingb. integrative testingc. 外语测试的类型：（P167-170）④考试成绩判别的标准：norm-referenced testingcriterion-referenced testing⑤判卷标准：a. subjective testingb. objective testing8. 效度(test validity)：（P170）a. whether the test can test what it meant to exactlyb. content validityc. criterion-related validityd. construct validitye. face validity9. 信度(test reliability)：（P172）a. whether the result of the test are reliableb. test itselfc. marking of papers第六章1. 外语教学法的主要流派：（P180-P206）a. The Oral Approach and the situational Language Teachingb. The Audiolingual Meathodc. Communicative Approachd. Total Physical Responsee. The Silent Wayf. Community Language Learningg. The natural Approachh. Suggestopedia2. 任务型教学的原则：（P209-P210）a. interactive principleb. authentic in linguistic materialsc. process principled. emphasize the improvement made by learners' experience f. classroom language learning is related to language application outside the class3. 任务型教学的优点：（P221）a. reflect new ideas about language learning and teachingc. shorten the distance between class and lifed. it aims at cultivating students' learning capacity/ cooperative learning4. 任务型教学的局限性：（P221-P222）a. the recognition of language learning is extremeb. the randomness of task selectingc. the limitation of application scoped. instead special tests of whether the tasks have been accomplished编号劳动合同书甲方（用人单位）名称：湘潭市富菱电梯有限公司住所：湘潭市岳塘区东泗路206号岚园小区1栋2单元31号性质：法定代表人（主要负责人）：张剑宇乙方（劳动者）姓名：性别：出生年月：家庭住址：居民身份证号码：湖南省劳动和社会保障厅印制。