综合学术英语教程 Unit
学术英语综合 Unit 5ppt课件
• Summarize the main idea of a text and grasp the two sides of an argument
• Understand difficult sentences (e.g. sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous reference)
7
Unit 5
Philosophy
Text A Overview
1. Learn more about the two philosophical terms:
• mentalism • behaviorism
8
Unit 5
Philosophy
Text A Supplementary information
• Analyze complex or controversial issues critically
4
Unit 5
Philosophy
Unit Objectives
3. Listening
• Know how to use note-taking forms
4. Speaking
• Know how to turn to a new point in discussions
3
Unit 5
Philosophy
Unit Objectives
1. Professional Knowledge
• Get acquainted with some important philosophical concepts (e.g. mentalist, epistemologist, phenomenologist, behaviorist, philosophical psychology, pragmatist, feminist, ethics of care, philosophy of science, etc.)
学术英语综合 Unit 5 PPT
Academic English — An Integrated Course
Unit 5
Philosophy
Unit Contents
Unit objectives Text A Text B Text C Academic language and discourse Listening Speaking Writing
Unit 5
Philosophy
Text A Lead-in
The American science fiction movie Matrix （黑客帝国） describes a world dominated by robots who manipulated human beings.
Do you think such a world would one day come to reality? Why or why not?
大家应该也有点累了，稍作休息
大家有疑问的，可以询问和交流
10
Unit 5
Philosophy
Text A Supplementary information
2. Behaviorist
Behaviorists are people who believe in behaviorism. Behaviorism is a philosophical theory which believes that mental states can be analyzed in terms of publicly observable actions; in other words, behavior can be described and explained without reference to mental events or psychological processes. This school of thought tends to emphasize the external sources of behavior and dismiss the internal sources (the mind). The mind hence has no independent significance.
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第六单元
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第六单元全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: New Era Research Postgraduate Academic English Comprehensive Course 1 - Unit SixIntroduction:Unit Six in the New Era Research Postgraduate Academic English Comprehensive Course 1 focuses on advanced academic writing skills and strategies. This unit aims to help postgraduate students improve their writing proficiency through analyzing and practicing various text types and genres commonly found in academic research.Unit content:The unit is divided into four sections, each focusing on a different aspect of academic writing.1. Writing a literature review: In this section, students learn how to critically analyze and synthesize existing literature on a specific topic. They are taught how to identify gaps in researchand develop a comprehensive literature review that contributes new insights to the field.2. Writing an empirical research report: Students are guided through the process of conducting empirical research and writing up their findings. They learn how to structure a research report, present data using tables and figures, and interpret their results.3. Writing a research proposal: This section covers the essential components of a research proposal, including the introduction, literature review, methodology, and timeline. Students learn how to justify the significance of their research, outline their research design, and plan their research schedule.4. Writing a conference abstract: The final section focuses on preparing and presenting research at academic conferences. Students learn how to write a concise and compelling abstract that highlights the key findings of their research and attracts potential conference attendees.Key features:- Authentic academic texts: Unit Six includes a range of authentic academic texts, such as research articles, literature reviews, research reports, and conference abstracts. These textsprovide students with examples of well-written academic writing and help them understand the conventions of different text types.- Language focus: The unit also focuses on developing students' academic vocabulary, grammar, and sentence structure. Students learn how to use academic language appropriately, avoid common errors, and express complex ideas clearly and concisely.- Practice activities: Throughout the unit, students engage in a variety of writing tasks and exercises to reinforce their learning. These activities include analyzing sample texts, brainstorming ideas, drafting outlines, revising drafts, and peer reviewing each other's work.Conclusion:Overall, Unit Six of the New Era Research Postgraduate Academic English Comprehensive Course 1 provides postgraduate students with the essential skills and strategies needed to excel in academic writing. By mastering advanced writing techniques and practicing different text types, students can enhance their research capabilities and produce high-quality academic work.篇2Title: Comprehensive Review of Unit 6 in the New Era Research Graduate Academic English Course 1Unit 6 in the New Era Research Graduate Academic English Course 1 focuses on Academic Writing. This unit introduces students to the structure and organization of academic writing, as well as strategies for developing and communicating ideas effectively. The unit covers various types of academic writing, such as essays, reports, and research papers, and provides guidelines for students to follow when writing in a formal, academic style.Key topics covered in Unit 6 include understanding the purpose and audience of academic writing, developing a clear thesis statement, organizing ideas logically, using appropriate evidence to support arguments, and formatting citations and references. The unit also emphasizes the importance of revising and editing written work to ensure clarity, coherence, and conciseness.In addition to learning about the principles of academic writing, students are also given practical exercises and assignments to apply these skills in their own writing. They areencouraged to analyze and evaluate sample texts, write their own essays and reports, and peer review the work of their classmates.Overall, Unit 6 in the New Era Research Graduate Academic English Course 1 provides a comprehensive overview of academic writing for graduate students, equipping them with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in their academic and professional pursuits.篇3The sixth unit of the New Era Research Graduate Academic English Comprehensive Course 1 focuses on Academic Writing, which is a fundamental skill for graduate students to master in order to excel in their academic pursuits. This unit covers various aspects of academic writing such as argumentation, organization, coherence, and citation.Argumentation is a key component of academic writing as it involves presenting a clear and logical argument supported by evidence. In this unit, students will learn how to develop a strong thesis statement, provide evidence to support their claims, and counter opposing viewpoints effectively.Organization is another important aspect of academic writing that is covered in this unit. Students will learn how to structure their papers in a way that is clear and easy to follow. This includes creating an introduction that presents the thesis statement, body paragraphs that support the thesis with evidence, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points and restates the thesis.Coherence is also essential in academic writing as it involves connecting ideas and arguments in a logical and smooth manner. In this unit, students will learn how to use transition words and phrases to guide the reader through their argument and maintain coherence.Additionally, citation is crucial in academic writing as it acknowledges the sources of information and ideas used in the paper. Students will learn how to properly cite sources in their papers using the APA or MLA citation styles.Overall, the sixth unit of the New Era Research Graduate Academic English Comprehensive Course 1 provides students with the necessary skills and knowledge to excel in academic writing. By mastering argumentation, organization, coherence, and citation, students will be able to produce high-qualityacademic papers that demonstrate their critical thinking and research skills.。
新核心综合学术英语教程2 Unit6 单词总结
misconductn. 不端行为；处理不当vt. 处理不当；行为不检misconduct oneself 行为不端willful misconduct 故意的不良行为条约法律；渎职The judge ruled a mistrial and cited the prosecutors for outrageous misconduct.法官裁定判决无效并且指控控方有极其不端的行为。
The company only dismisses its employees in cases of gross misconduct.这家公司只有在雇员严重渎职时才予以解聘。
A psychologist was found guilty of serious professional misconduct yesterday.昨天一名心理学家被判严重的失职罪。
retractn. 合同，契约；婚约；（非正式）暗杀协议；（桥牌）定约v. 收缩，缩短；感染；订约；订（婚）；负（债）；结交contract with 承包；与…订有合约contract in [法]保证承担义务labor contract n. 劳工合同contract management 合同管理breach of contract 违约；违反合同His contract came up for renewal.他的合同交上来要求延期。
He mailed me the contract.他把合同寄给了我。
The contract has no legal standing.那份合同在法律上没有约束力。
detrimentaladj. 不利的；有害的n. 有害的人（或物）；不受欢迎的求婚者The policy will be detrimental to the peace process.这项政策将不利于和平进程。
Many foods are suspected of being detrimental to health because of the chemicals and additivesthey contain.许多食物因所含的化学成分和添加剂被怀疑有害健康。
外研社学术英语(第二版)综合unit 1
外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 11. 简介《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》是外研社出版的一本学术英语教材。
本教材主要面向学术领域的英语学习者，旨在帮助他们提高英语语言能力，并更好地适应学术英语写作和口语表达的要求。
本文档将介绍《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主要内容和特点，并给出一些学习该教材的建议。
2. 内容概述2.1 单元主题《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》的主题是“学术生涯规划”。
通过该单元的学习，学习者将了解到学术研究的重要性以及规划自己的学术生涯的方法。
2.2 内容组织本教材以主题为线索，分为五个单元。
每个单元包含听力、口语、阅读和写作练习等多种学习活动，旨在全面提高学生的学术英语能力。
具体的内容组织如下：•单元一：学术生涯规划•单元二：学术论文写作•单元三：学术会议交流•单元四：学术团队合作•单元五：学术发表与出版每个单元的学习内容都根据学术英语的特点和需求进行设计，帮助学生系统学习学术英语的基本知识和技能。
3. 特点分析3.1 学术英语重点梳理《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》对学术英语的重点进行了梳理。
教材中涵盖了学术写作、学术口语、学术阅读等方面的内容，具体到每个单元中的不同活动。
3.2 综合能力培养本教材通过对听、说、读、写等不同方面的训练，旨在综合培养学生的学术英语能力。
学生不仅可以提高英语水平，还能够逐步习得处理学术领域相关内容的能力。
3.3 案例分析与实践教材中穿插了丰富的学术案例分析和实践活动。
学生可以通过分析真实的学术案例来深入理解学术英语的要求和规范，并通过实践活动来提高自己的学术英语表达能力。
4. 学习建议4.1 认真阅读教材在学习《外研社学术英语（第二版）综合unit 1》时，要认真阅读教材中的每个单元，理解每个活动的目的和要求。
通过仔细阅读，可以更好地掌握学术英语的相关知识。
4.2 合理安排学习计划由于学术英语的学习需要时间和精力，建议学生合理安排学习计划，将每个单元的学习任务分解到每周或每天，以确保学习效果。
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第六单元
新时代研究生学术英语综合教程1第六单元Academic English is a crucial component of postgraduate education in the modern era. As the global landscape becomes increasingly interconnected, the ability to effectively communicate and engage in scholarly discourse in English has become a vital skill for aspiring researchers and scholars. Unit 6 of the "New Era Postgraduate Academic English Integrated Course 1" delves into the nuances and complexities of this essential aspect of postgraduate studies.The unit begins by emphasizing the importance of academic writing in the postgraduate context. Postgraduate students are expected to produce a significant amount of written work, ranging from research proposals and literature reviews to dissertations and journal articles. Effective academic writing not only demonstrates the depth of one's knowledge and understanding but also serves as a means of contributing to the broader academic discourse within a particular field of study.The unit then explores the fundamental elements of academic writing such as structure, organization, and coherence. Students areintroduced to the typical structure of academic essays and research papers, which often include an introduction, body, and conclusion. They learn how to effectively organize their ideas and arguments in a logical and cohesive manner, ensuring that their written work is easy to follow and comprehend.One of the key aspects of academic writing highlighted in this unit is the use of appropriate language and style. Postgraduate students are expected to adopt a formal and academic tone in their writing, avoiding colloquial or conversational expressions. They are also taught to use precise and concise language, as well as to incorporate relevant academic vocabulary and terminology.Another crucial component of academic writing covered in this unit is the importance of citing sources and acknowledging the work of others. Postgraduate students are expected to demonstrate their ability to engage with and build upon existing scholarly literature. They learn how to properly cite sources using recognized citation styles, such as APA or MLA, and how to integrate these citations seamlessly into their own writing.The unit also delves into the nuances of academic argumentation and the development of a strong thesis statement. Postgraduate students are encouraged to formulate clear and well-supported arguments, drawing upon relevant evidence and research tosubstantiate their claims. They learn how to craft a compelling thesis statement that serves as the foundation for their written work.Additionally, the unit addresses the importance of critical thinking and analysis in academic writing. Postgraduate students are expected to move beyond mere description and engage in critical evaluation and synthesis of existing knowledge. They are taught how to critically analyze sources, identify gaps or limitations in the literature, and develop their own unique perspectives and insights.Finally, the unit emphasizes the significance of revising and editing one's written work. Postgraduate students are encouraged to view writing as an iterative process, where multiple drafts and rounds of editing are necessary to produce a polished and coherent final product. They learn strategies for self-editing, such as proofreading for grammatical and spelling errors, as well as techniques for seeking feedback and incorporating revisions.Throughout the unit, students are provided with numerous opportunities to apply the concepts and skills they have learned through practical exercises and assignments. These activities are designed to help students develop their academic writing abilities and prepare them for the rigors of postgraduate research and publication.In conclusion, Unit 6 of the "New Era Postgraduate Academic English Integrated Course 1" is a comprehensive and invaluable resource for postgraduate students seeking to enhance their academic writing skills. By mastering the techniques and strategies covered in this unit, students can position themselves for success in their postgraduate studies and contribute meaningfully to the broader academic community.。
新核心综合学术英语2 unit 1练习答案
综合学术英语教程2 答案Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to becomeexperts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with peoplefrom a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinary studies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy,ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4. Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5. (b) 正确答案应为（g）Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world. 3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as manydifferent cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so asuse their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f itwith the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiring role models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of theirMIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by the students. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great many extraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor moreto the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design.(Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ... However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading. Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generateThe members of a word family Chinese equivalentinspire inspiration inspired inspiring v.激励n.灵感adj.有灵感的generate generation generative generator adj.鼓舞人心的v.产生n.一代adj.有生产力的n.发电机aspiration aspire aspiring n.渴望v.渴望adj.有抱负的inherit inheritance inheritor inherited v.继承n.继承物n.继承人adj.遗传的discipline disciplined disciplinary n.纪律adj.纪律严明的adj.有关纪律的represent representation representative v.代表n.表现n.代表者anatomist anatomy anatomical n.解剖学家n.解剖学adj.解剖的speculate speculation speculative speculator v.推测n.推测adj.推测的n.思索者celebrate celebration celebrated celebrity v.庆祝n.庆祝活动adj.著名的n.名人intellect intellectual intelligence intelligent n.智力adj.智力的n.智慧adj.有才智的collaborate collaboration collaborative collaborator v.合作n.合作adj.合作的n.合作者Integrate integrated integration v.合并adj.完整统一的n.整合(1) inspiring (2) generation (3) collaborative (4) aspiring (5) Intelligent(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benefited from research work at the crossroads between biological andmedical studies.(4) It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed notto have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by the environmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way oflife.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adaptingto the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interestswell beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for more emphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role in training individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to face multifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities and colleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinary work being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadership。
(超详细答案)综合学术英语教程2 答案 上海交通大学出版 蔡基刚
分解学术英语教程2 答案【1 】Unit 1 Multidisciplinary EducationKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The aim of college education is to produce individuals who are well on their way to become experts in their field of interest.2) The growing importance of producing professionals who have the skills to work with people from a diverse set of disciplines.3) First, through an interdisciplinary approach; Second, through a multidisciplinary approach.4) College education should produce individuals who may later become expert who areinterdisciplinary problem solvers.2. 1) f2) d3) a4) e5) g6) m7) j8) k9) l10) i11) b12) h13) c4. (1) offered (2) stresses (3) ability (4) different (5) approach(6) increasingly (7) graduates (8) enter (9) positions (10) Employment6. 1) Multidisciplinary studies.2) They both believe that current college education should lay emphasis on multidisciplinarystudies, which is a prerequisite to producing future expert who are interdisciplinary problem solvers.3) Open.4) Open.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The students have brought to MIT their individual gifts, such as their own intellect, energy, ideas, aspirations, distinctive life experience and point of view, etc.2) They represent the geographic and symbolic center of MIT.3) Names of intellectual giants.4) Leonardo da Vinci was a painter, scientist, engineer, sculptor, inventor, city planner andarchitect.4.Set 1: 1) c2) e3) d4) h5) a6) g7) f8) bSet 2: 1) e2) a3) h4) b5) c6) f7) d8) g5.(b) Para. A (b) Para. B (a) Para. C (c) Para. D(f) Para. E (e) Para. F (d) Para. G (g) Para. A6. 1) Because for him, the simplicity he appreciated in nature became his ultimate standard indesign.2) First was da Vinci’s complete disregard for the accepted boundaries between different f ieldsof knowledge. The second facet of da Vinci’s character was his respect for and fascination with nature. The third quality of da Vinci’s character was an enthusiastic demand forhands-on making, designing, practicing and testing, and for solving problems in the real world.3)“There is a good chance that you will never again live and work in a community with as many different cultures and backgrounds as MIT.”(Para. F)4) Because by doing so, the students can engage themselves in new intellectual adventures so as to use their time at MIT to its fullest potential.5) It means that “They took the initiative to search for the deepest answers, instead of sitting back and letting things happen to them.”7. Set 1: 1) h2) d3) a4) g5) f6) e7) b8) cSet 2: 1) c2) g3) d4) a5) h6) f7) e8) b8. 1) She wanted to describe for the new students three of his characteristics that particularly f it with the value of MIT.2) Because by doing so, the students can encounter the most stimulating minds and inspiringrole models, experience a life in a community with diversif ied cultures and backgrounds and participate in various new intellectual adventures, so that they can get the most out of their MIT education.3) The three of Da Vinci’s characteristics will be the heritage of MIT to be inherited by thestudents. She hoped that the new students would follow Da Vinci as well as a great manyextraordinary MIT teachers as their role models to use their time to its fullest potential.4) Multidisciplinary thinking is a mode of thinking that goes beyond disciplinary boundaries inorder to gain new ideas and fresh perspectives.9. 1) Human ingenuity will never devise any inventions more beautiful, nor more simple, nor more to the purpose than Nature does. (Para. A)2) For Da Vinci, the simplicity he appreciated in Nature became his ultimate standard in design. (Para. B)3) Be as determined in your curiosity as Leonardo da Vinci — and you will use your time atMIT to its fullest potential. (Para. F)4) MIT is a place of practical optimism and of passionate engagement with the most importantproblems of the world. (Para. G)5) I had long since observed that people of accomplishment rarely sat back and let thingshappen to them. (Para. H)10. Many scientists and engineers at MIT pursue simplicity in their design and development oftechnologies.Exploring the Topic4. 1) It is believed that a multidisciplinary approach to scientific education is of vital importance.2) Second, a multidisciplinary emphasis is believed to be a prerequisite to training individuals.3) It cannot be denied that these f irms are participating in turning out the future thinkers.4) How about examining our problems about science and technology from a liberal artsperspective.5) Surprisingly, however, our universities and colleges fail to switch from the conventionaldivisions and departmental sections to daily extracurricular multidisciplinary work.5. Reading 1 begins with a contrast —“College education has always had the responsibility to ... However, ... we also see the growing importance of producing ...”. The introduction of Reading 2 is informative as well as interesting, which arouses the readers’ interest to go on reading. Integrated Exercises2. (1) ultimate (2) spirit (3) feed (4) approach (5) property (6) represent(7) discipline (8) aspiration (9) inspire (10) perspective (11) inherit (12) generate3.(6) inherit (7) celebrity (8) speculated (9) representative (10) anatomical4. (1) D(2) A(3) C(4) B(5) D(6) A(7) B(8) C(9) A(10) C5. (1) Many celebrated researchers around the world are collaborating to develop a new vaccine.(2) The scientists’ experiment generated an unexpected outcome.(3) If the systems are restructured, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into theglobal economy.(4) The doctors speculate that he died of a stroke caused by a blow on the head.(5) The murder trial attracted considerable public attention.(6) The aspiration for college education inspires people in remote areas to work hard.(7) He inherited his parents’ fortune after their death.(8) He disregarded his father’s advice and left college.(9) In this address, he asked the youngsters, who embody the spirits of the nation, to join thecampaign.(10) The special diet incorporates many different fruits and vegetables.7. (1) Whoever run the red light shows a complete disregard for public safety.(2) Success, as he explained, was nothing more than a consistent pursuit of art and good luck.(3) The new product has benef ited from research work at the crossroads between biological and medical studies.(4)It was amazing that his idea echoed well the great philosopher’s belief, which he claimed not to have heard about before.(5) The one-month intense training program prepared the team members well for possibleemergencies.(6) The audience was deeply impressed with the vigor and power of the speech delivered by theenvironmentalist.(7) This traveling experience will provide you with a rare opportunity to sample a different way of life.(8) Using the limited time to its fullest potential is one of the must-have/required skills in adapting to the fast-paced modern life.(9) More and more countries are bringing robots to bear on their various problems.(10) These students are encouraged from a very early age to follow their own boundless interests well beyond the boundaries of conventional belief in obedient learning.8.A. (1) B(2) C(3) B(4) B(5) DB. As multidisciplinary design has become a trend in the industry, there is a need for moreemphasis on multidisciplinary perspectives. Educational institutions should take their role intraining individuals who can function in a collaborative environment and be prepared to facemultifaceted projects that they may not have been exposed to. However, our universities andcolleges fail to shift from traditional divisions and departmental sections to multidisciplinarywork being practiced on a daily basis outside the classroom.C. 1) F2) T3) F4) T5) TD. (1) what learning is about (2) be inquisitive (3) learn a new subject(4) analyze a new problem (5) teacher-taught (6) master-inspired(7) self-learner (8) the trap of dogma (9) no single simple answer(10) black and white (11) critical thinking (12) tolerant and supportive(13) a new thesis topic (14) flexibility (15) style of leadershipUnit 2 The Scientific MethodKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) The Scientific Method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiringknowledge, as well as correcting/integrating previous knowledge. It involves gatheringobservable, empirical and measurable evidence, the collection of data through observationand experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.2)Scientists put forward hypotheses to explain what is observed. They then conduct experiments to test these hypotheses. The steps taken in the experiment must be capable of replication andthe results emerge as the same. What is discovered may lead to a new hypothesis.3) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased; total objectivity is impossible.4) Scientists are human and can be unintentionally biased. Science uses our senses and our senses can be mistaken. We can never understand something as it really is because our very presence affects what is being studied.5) ① Science is both a body of knowledge and a process.② Science is exciting.③ Science is useful.④ Science is ongoing.⑤ Science is reliable.⑥ Science is a community endeavor.2. 1) c2) g3) e4) f5) a6) d7) h8) k9) b10) i11) j4. (1) aspects (2) process (3) satisfy (4) technologies (5) puzzle(6) collection (7) evidence (8) ensure (9) diversity (10) professional6. 1) Science.2) It brings to mind many different pictures: white lab coats and microscopes, a scientist peering through a telescope, the launch of the space shuttle, and so on.3) Science can discover the laws to understand the order of nature.4) Because it relies on a systems of checks and balances, which helps ensure that science movestowards greater accuracy and understanding, and this system is facilitated by diversity within the scientific community, which offers a range of perspectives on scientific ideas.5) Open.Reading about the Topic3. 1) The modern scientific method is characterized by confirmations and observations which “verified”the theories in question, but some genuinely testable theories, when found to befalse, are still upheld by their admirers, which rescues the theory from refutation only at theprice of destroying, or at least lowering, its scientific status.2) A theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.3) Their theories were constantly verified by their clinical observations. They always fitted andwere always confirmed.4) Light must be attracted by heavy bodies (such as the sun).5) There is the risk involved in a prediction: the theory is incompatible with certain possibleresults of observation — in fact with results which everybody before Einstein would haveexpected.4. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) b2) e3) a4) f5) d6) c7) h8) g5. Para. A (b) Para. B (c) Para. C (e)Para. D (e) Para. E (a) Para. F (d)6. 1) Observations, hypotheses, and deductions, then conclusions.2) You will need to research everything that you can f ind about the problem.3) You shouldn’t change the hypothesis. Instead, try to explain what might have been wrongwith your original hypothesis.4) An important thing to remember during this stage of the scientific method is that once youdevelop a hypothesis and a prediction, you shouldn’t change it, even if the results of yourexperiment show that you were wrong.5) Because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way.7. Set 1: 1) c2) a3) d4) b5) f6) e7) h8) gSet 2: 1) e2) g3) a4) f5) c6) b7) d8) h8. 1) Observation, as the f irst stage of the scientific method, is a way of collecting informationfrom any possible sources, which can serve as a foundation in verifying a theory. In thisprocess, one should expect an event which could refute the theory. Only through beingrefuted by new observations which are incompatible with the theory could it be falsified, which ref lects its truescientific virtue.2) A hypothesis is a possible solution to a problem, based on knowledge and research, while atheory is a hypothesis confirmed by the research findings. Every theory cannot be applied toevery situation; otherwise, it is not a good theory.3) It is always possible to verify nearly every theory, but that would rescue the theory fromrefutation at the price of destroying, or at least lowering its scientific status.4) To falsify a theory is more valuable, because a theory which is not refutable by any conceivable event is non-scientific.9. 1) Because of this personal experience and an interest in the problem, you decide to learn more about what makes plants grow. (Para. B)2) The experiment that you will design is done to test the hypothesis. (Para. D)3) Through informal, exploratory observations of plants in a garden, those with more sunlight appear to grow bigger. (Para. H)4) The judges at your science fair will not take points off simply because your results don’t match up with your hypothesis. (Para. K)5) You cannot prove the hypothesis with a single experiment, because there is a chance that you made a miscue somewhere along the way. (Para. Q)10. Observation, the initial stage of the research, requires a thorough understanding of a research project you have chosen by collecting adequate information from various sources, and isfollowed by the next stage known as hypothesis, an uncomplicated statement that defineswhat you think the outcome of your experiment will be.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Science does not include explanations based on no empirical evidence.2) The human nature of science, however, renders it unlikely to be free of personal prejudices,misapprehensions, and bias.3) The scope of science encompasses the whole universe and natural world.4) Science is a process of deciding whether the acquired evidence may prove what is mostlikely to be correct currently.5) It is not possible to prove a hypothesis with a single experiment, as chances are that amistake was made somewhere in the process.Integrated Exercises2. (1) additional (2) illustrate (3) interpret (4) conduct (5) previous (6) involve(7) design (8) verify (9) reflect (10) collect (11) research(12) support3.(6) exposure (7) constitutive (8) emphatic (9) confirmation (10) identity4. (1) A(2) B(3) A(4) D(5) A(6) B(7) C(8) A(9) D(10) B5. (1) This observation motivated Newton to develop a theory of gravity.(2) Other scholars attempt to approach the subject from an economical perspective.(3) Participating in the activity will provide one with an initial taste of the objectives ofsociology.(4) Scientists insisted there was a rational explanation for the strange phenomenon.(5) To most young people, higher education is nothing but a process of acquiring knowledge.(6) The study demonstrates the necessity of taking a much broader view in the matter.(7) The new car’s design successfully integrates art and technology.(8) China actually encountered the identical stages of its development in the early 1990s to the West.(9) The virus can spread to a document or application between computers and render thecomputer useless.(10) If the sustainable development of small economies is facilitated, their effectiveness will be ultimately integrated into the global economy.7. 1) We could not attend a conference without hearing some talks about change and challenge.2) Things seem highly optimistic in the light of numerous reports, especially from countrydistricts.3) I am in favor of the argument that urbanization should be controlled properly.4) Something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did.5) My computer does not work because it was rendered paralyzed by some viruses.6) Experts are working on the plan in question. And they’ll come to an answer.7) A national curriculum framework is logically incompatible with pupil-centered learning.8) For many women success is often achieved at the price of their married life.9) Many attempts had been made before I successfully entered a key university.10) There is a good chance that it will turn fine tomorrow.8. A. (1) B(2) A(3) C(4) A(5) BB. Understanding scientific method is critical to your scientific endeavor. The scientificmethod is a series of steps that serve as guidelines for scientific efforts, and a tool thathelps scientists solve problems and determine answers to questions in a logical format.There are two forms of scientific method: the experimental method and the descriptivemethod. The former employs numerical data and graphs, used in physical sciences, while the latter gathers Information through visual observation and interviewing, employed inzoology and anthropology. The scientific method involves five steps, namely, identifying a problem, researching the problem, formulating a hypothesis, conducting an experiment and reaching a conclusion.C. (1) The process of science, in contrast to the linear steps of the simplified scientific method,is iterative.(2) Science circles back on itself so that useful ideas are built upon and used to learn evenmore about the natural world.(3) Gregor Mendel showed that inheritance is particulate that information is passed along indiscrete packets that cannot be diluted.(4) Any point in the process leads to many possible next steps, and where that next stepleads could be a surprise.(5) Science may involve many different people engaged in all sorts of different activities indifferent orders and at different points in time.D. (1) natural world (2) investigations (3) basic question(4) information (5) Experiments (6) detailed understanding(7) built upon (8) deepen and extend (9) in the process(10) testing (11) observation (12) new direction(13) in different orders (14) represent (15) less importantUnit 3 Ancient China’s Contribution to ScienceKeys to the ExercisesApproaching the Topic1. 1) Needham is the world’s famous Sinologist and author of Science and Civilization inChina.2) The European people just take these inventions for granted. All originated in China buthave long since been adopted by the West.3) They helped to inspire the European agricultural and industrial revolutions.4) It has won five literary awards in America and been translated into 43 languages.5) His book, The Spirit of Chinese Invention, was approved by the Chinese Ministry ofEducation for use in connection with the national secondary curriculum in China.2. 1) f 2) k 3) c 4) a 5) o 6) n 7) g8) e9) d10) m 11) i12) h13) j14) l15) b4. (1) credit (2) considerable (3) befriended (4) breakthroughs (5) thoroughly(6) flown (7) academic (8) embark (9) suggested (10) staff6. 1) The overlooked great breakthroughs in ancient China.2)Dr. Needham argued that a proper book on the history of Chinese science and technologywould have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas.3) He helped to bring due credit to China’s overlooked contribution to scientific innovation.4) Yes, he does. Because he believed that a proper popular book would have a wide bearing onthe general history of thoughts and ideas, which could not be possible if the book was too academic.Reading about the Topic3. 1) Both Westerners and Chinese people are ignorant of the fact that the West imported a lot ofinventions from ancient China.2) Because more than half of the basic inventions and discoveries upon which the“modernworld”rests come from China.3) Because they take many great achievements for granted, and even the Chinese themselves lost sight of the truth, so their western inheritors wouldn’t trouble themselves to know thetruth.4) Because it is always more satisfying to the ego to think that they have reached theirpresent position alone and unaided, and that they are the proud masters of all abilities and all crafts.4. Set 1: 1) d2) e3) a4) b5) c6) g7) f8) hSet 2: 1) d2) g3) e4) h5) b6) a7) c8) f5. Para. A (e)Para. B (b)Para. C (f)Para. D (a)Para. E (a)Para. F (a) Para. G (c) Para. H (g) Para. I (h) Para. J (d)6. 1) The three inventions transform-ed completely the modern world and mark-ed it off fromthe ancient and the Middle Ages.2) The European agricultural revolution, which laid the basis for the Industrial Revolution,came about only because of the importation of Chinese ideas and inventions.3) The truth that half of the basic inventions and discoveries originated from China needs tobe imparted to schoolchildren. The purpose is to let them know the truth and then tobridge the chasm between the East and the West.4) The bureaucratic organization of China in its earlier stages strongly helped science togrow; only in its later ones did it inhibit further growth, and in particular prevented abreakthrough which has occurred in Europe.5) The author points out the reasons why China was developed in the past but backward atpresent and why the West was underdeveloped in the past but advanced at present.7. Set 1: 1) c2) g3) h4) b5) f6) d7) a8) eSet 2: 1) c2) d3) g4) e5) a6) b7) f8) h8. 1) The two readings both list a series of great inventions and discoveries that originated inancient China. Reading 1 tends to be factual, while Reading 2 is more critical of the factthat the Chinese are ignorant of their ancient achievements and the Westerners simply take them for granted.2) The argument in Reading 2 is more reasonable and acceptable since the author uses a lot ofexamples and examines the question from both the Chinese and Western perspectives to illustrate his point.3) Reading 2 holds more obvious negative attitudes towards Westerners.4) It would be better if the nations and the peoples of the world had a clearer understandingof each other, allowing the mental gap between East and West to be bridged. (Reading 2) The discoveries and inventions made in Europe in the seventeenth century and thereafter depended so much in so many cases on centuries of previous Chinese progress in science, technology and medicine. (Reading 3)9. 1) He regarded the origins of these inventions as “obscure”and he died without everknowing that all of them were Chinese. (Para. B)2) Chauvinistic Westerners, of course, always try to minimize the indebtedness of Europe to China in the ancient and the Middle Ages, but often the circumstantial evidence iscompelling. (Para. C)3) In many cases we simply cannot identify the channels through which knowledge wasconveyed from East to West. (Para. C)4) Modern science which developed in the seventeenth century was a mathematization ofhypotheses about nature, combined with experimentation. (Para. D)5) One factor which must have great relevance here is the circumstance that the feudalism of Europe and China were fundamentally different. (Para. E)10.The feudalism of China differed greatly from that of Europe in that its bureaucraticorganization promoted the growth of science in ancient China but inhibited its furtherdevelopment later on.Exploring the Topic4. 1) Increasingly being bewitched by the advanced European technology, the Chinese haveforgotten their own achievements.2) A book like that would be absolutely non-academic; it would nevertheless have afar-reaching influence on the general history of thought and ideas.3) The lesson to be drawn from the history of agriculture can best illustrate the ignorance ofthe egoistic westerners.4) The Chinese and Westerners are equally surprised when they realize that modernagriculture, modern shipping and even the essential design of the steam engine alloriginated from China.5) A clear understanding among the nations and the peoples of the world would be welcomedto bridge the gap between East and West.5. 2) The deafening noise, and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on nerves.Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do great injury to delicatelungs. The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to the eyesight.3) What was it that enabled them to become great or successful? Were they born withsomething special? Or did their greatness have more to do with timing, devotion and,perhaps, an uncompromising personality? The answer is a never surrender attitude. If great achievers share anything, it is an unrelenting drive to succeed. There is a tendency to think that they are endowed with something super-normal.Integrated Exercises2. (1) insight (2) expertise (3) obscure (4) backward(5) undertake (6) ignorant (7) acknowledge (8) essential(9) minimize (10) shatter (11) fading (12) illustration3.(6) indebted (7) backwards (8) irrelevant (9) unparalleled (10) illusionary4. (1) C(2) D(3) A(4) B(5) A(6) A(7) C(8) D(9) B(10) D5. (1) Examples will be drawn from literature and popular media to illustrate the range ofleadership and non-leadership behaviors and competencies.(2) You’ll never be able to eliminate interruptions altogether but you can do a lot to minimizethem.(3) There is evidence that the movie reinforces negative stereotypes about women.(4) The violence to property will do nothing to facilitate that investigation.(5) Determination and effort enable-d the young man to acquire success.(6) The project was held back by budget restraints.(7) We will continue to press governments in the region to undertake political reforms.(8) This level of economic growth is unprecedented and unique.(9) This policy could isolate the country from the other permanent members of the UnitedNations Security Council.(10) The profound economic effect would accumulate day by day, and much of it might bereversible.7. (1) It must be realized that China experienced a great transformation in the last century.(2) However, it is rather questionable whether the majority of Americans know the truthabout China and Chinese people.(3) All of the information can be conveyed by simple graphs.(4) It is essential that our children absorb this lesson into their outlook on the world.(5) It is a lesson that all of us should take to heart.(6) We must never lose sight of the fact that many inventions originated in China.(7) Many of us take it for granted that technology is the top priority in economicdevelopment.(8) How was it that you had the right information at the right place and at the right time?(9) I can think of no better illustration of the importance of higher education than the fact thatmany university graduates have become the leaders in various f ields.(10) The demand for a raise ref lects as much a desire for the recognition of their success as for more money.8. A. (1) C(2) B(3) D(4) D(5) CB. China’s ancient great inventions and discoveries, as the forerunners of some of themodern technologies, both enhance the quality of human life and change Chinese history of science. The most signif icant ones are papermaking, gunpowder, compass and printing.Paper, one of the most widely used and indispensable materials, led to subsequentinnovations like paper currency, woodblock printing and ceramic movable type printing.The most important invention of gunpowder triggered a series of related discoveries like fireworks, land mine-s,naval mine-s, exploding cannonballs, multistage rocket-s, etc. The compass, originally in a crude form, was followed by a magnetic device and a magneticneedle for navigation in waters.C. (1) He accidentally stumbled upon f ireworks by mixing 3 routine kitchen ingredients —saltpeter, sulfur and charcoal and ignited them.(2) The fireworks came to be used for auspicious occasions like wedding-s, religiousceremonies and to celebrate victories and achievements, and even as rocket fuel.(3) He was called the founder of f ire crackers.(4) The gun powder tubes were found to be strong enough to launch arrows and this is howthe rocket was conceptualized and used against the Mongolians in a Kai keng battle.(5) He wanted to see how these rockets could be used for transportation.。
学术英语综合-Unit-5
2. Reading
•Summarize the main idea of a text and grasp the two sides of an argument
•Understand difficult sentences (e.g. sentences with abstract meaning or ambiguous reference)
.
Unit 5
Philosophy
Text A Supplementary information
2. Behaviorist
Behaviorists are people who believe in behaviorism. Behaviorism is a philosophical theory which believes that mental states can be analyzed in terms of publicly observable actions; in other words, behavior can be described and explained without reference to mental events or psychological processes. This school of thought tends to emphasize the external sources of behavior and dismiss the internal sources (the mind). The mind hence has no independent significance.
Discuss these questions with each other. Then read Text A to see how the writer might answer these questions.
学术英语 综合 Unit 2 PPT
Unit 2
Business Ethics
Unit Objectives
6. Researching • Independently locate and study a variety of resources (articles, books, videos, etc.) to find out a Chinese or foreign company which has kept the right balance between earning profits and taking social responsibility 7. Academic language and discourse • Acquire some specialized vocabulary in business • Learn how to add an idea • Comprehend stylistic differences between formal and informal English and acquire some formal expressions
Text A In-depth analysis
1. Contribute as much as possible what you know about the following. • economic system • free enterprise
Unit 2
Business Ethics
Unit 2
Business Ethics
Unit Objectives
3. Listening • Grasp the major points made by the speaker(s)
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the Healthpartners Research Foundation
• HealthPartners is an integrated, nonprofit health care provider located in Bloomington, Minnesota offering care, coverage, research and education to its members, patients and the community. HealthPartners was founded in 1957 as Group Health, a consumergoverned nonprofit health plan with a board of directors made up of its own members and patients. In 1992, Group Health merged with MedCenters Health Plan, and together they formed HealthPartners. In late 2012 it was announced that HealthPartners would merge with Park Nicollet Health Services of St. Louis Park on January 1, 2013 following federal approval
Fraud and Academic Dishonesty
In this unit, you will
• learn about the concepts “academic integrity” and “academic dishonesty”;
• research “Dr. Hwang Woo Suk” on the Internet and find reliable information;
— Samuel Johnson • The function of education, therefore, is to teach one to think
intensively and to think critically. But education which stops with efficiency may prove the greatest menace to society. The most dangerous criminal may be the man gifted with reason, but with no morals… We must remember that intelligence is not enough. Intelligence plus character—that is the goal of true education.
Hwang Woo Suk
Science
Nature
about Academic Integrity
• Integrity without knowledge iledge without integrity is dangerous and dreadful.
• learn words, expressions, and sentence patterns related to the theme and use them in writing and speech;
• learn strategies such as listening for emphasis (listening), guessing word meanings from lexical clues (reading), giving evidence for arguments (discussing), and achieving coherence (writing), etc;
• give an oral presentation on an assigned topic to the class.
Background Information
about Academic Integrity
the Healthpartners Research Foundation
the Committee on Publication Ethics
—Martin Luther King, Jr.
Hwang Woo Suk
• Hwang Woo Suk is a South Korean veterinarian and researcher. He was a professor of theriogenology and biotechnology at Seoul National University (dismissed on March 20, 2006) who became infamous for fabricating a series of experiments, which appeared in high-profile journals, in the field of stem cell research. Until November 2005, he was considered one of the pioneering experts in the field, best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 2004 and 2005 where he reported to have succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning. He was called the "Pride of Korea" in South Korea. On May 12, 2006, Hwang was charged with embezzlement and bioethics law violations after it emerged much of his stem cell research had been faked. The Korea Times reported on June 10, 2007, that Seoul National University fired him, and the South Korean government canceled his financial support and barred him from engaging in stem cell research.