建筑给水排水外文翻译文献

建筑给水排水外文翻译文献

(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)

原文：

Supplying and draining waterin hospital construction

With the fact that modern medicine science promptness develops,new technique , the new armamentarium are continuing without end , modernized medical treatment thereby consonant with that is building a hospital , are also are confronted with new design idea and new technology applying. Disregarding secondary hospital building function , what whose gets along environment, still , finclause the hospital builds equipment and is equipped with system, the request is without exception higher and higher. Because of it is to ensure daily work living not only need the rapid and intense life relevance recovering from the illness , avoiding crippling , rescuing, and promote with giving treatment to a patient. Not only the design accomplishing to the special field draining away water need to satisfy the request being unlike a function in hospital building on equipment , but also safety is be obliged to reliable. Following is built according to the hospital.

一HOSPITAL GIVES A SEWERAGE

1) Modernized hospital equipment and equipment system content is numerous , the function is peculiar , the request is very high. Except demanding to swear to continue supplying with the use water according with quality level sufficiently, need more according to demand of different medical treatment instrument and different administrative or tehcnical office to water quality , water pressure , the water temperature, classify setting up water treatment system and be in progress to system to increase pressure reduction.

2) The hospital operating rooms , the delivery room operation the water hygiene, saliva washing hands by shower bath water , the dentistry dentistry chair ought to adopt the water purifying degassing. In the homeland few are large-scale , the high rank hospital centre supplies a room, the centre disinfecting has also adopted to purify the water disinfecting, now that swear to there be no dust , the sterility , to remove the pathopoiesia source , to avoid the blockage infecting , cutting down equipment microtubule.

3) Hospital preparation rooms preparation uses water to adopt distilled water, and sets up in making distilled water system to have part pressure boost facilities. The handicraft responds to according to different hospital preparation handicraft but fixes concrete system distilled water, should satisfy demand of whose handicraft to water quality , water yield , water pressure act in close coordination that the preparation handicraft reserves corresponding to drain-pipe and allocation chilled water circulatory system by the special field draining away water.

4) Hospital operating rooms , delivery rooms , baby rooms , supply rooms , medical treatment of the dermatological department wards, door emergency call, cures skill every administrative or tehcnical office and the request difference that the staff and worker logistics branch supplies to hot water need to set up hot water respectively supplying system more. Ordinary circumstances door emergency call, cures skill administrative or tehcnical office , centre supply a room , the staff and worker logistics branch supplies hot water to water supply the regular time, the comparison supplying time is consistent. The hospital is based on major part at present financial resources, ward building hot water supplies basic to the regular time , ought to be that 24 hs supply hot water judging from long-term angle but. Operating room , the delivery room operation wash hands, the hygiene h by the fact that the shower bath ought to be 24 supplies hot water, moreover the block of wood

5) Considers beautification to the environment , is inadvisable to adopt the steam boiled water

stove , completely eradicates occurrence aroused the ward building pantry inner floor moistness , avoided interior wall mustiness phenomenon by leak or sparse steam water implement aerofluxus thereby. The hospital disregards size , boiled water supplies to should adopt automation volume or the electricity boiled water stove, a general disease area considers one , volume ascertains that according to using condition. The first easy to protect labor is managed, two is supplying ensuring that to the patient , improves the internal environment of ward at the same time.

6)Especially infecting the section ward every door emergency call administrative or tehcnical office, every consulting room , the hand movement water curing a room , washing a basin should set up mistake chew , may adopt elbow style , knee style or dyadic switch of pedal. If using the dyadic switch of pedal to must use the product guarding against leakage, the floor is to avoid using a place often damp , makes the patient , the medical personnel slip down , an accident happened. Operation waits for the operating room , the delivery room to wash hands should adopt the constant temperature muddy water valve , the constant temperature to produce water, taking as an example infrared ray induced electromagnetic valve control mode for fine. Cure skill part control laboratory , laboratory of administrative or tehcnical office have the peculiar request , water chews the form should ascertain whose water according to every administrative or tehcnical office coming functional request chewing.

7)Many administrative or tehcnical office, especially downstream pipelines such as pickling bath , the pool disinfecting , develop pool in administrative or tehcnical office such as checking the room , the control laboratory , emitting section responds to of hospitals are adopt to be able to bear the rotten PVC2U draining off silent stock tube.

8) Pair of filth , waste water of all kinds must classify strictly according to the country in connection with the effluent standard , the field carrying out a pertinency with different treatment handicraft deals with and handles.

9) Uses a function to need since the modern hospital needs to be satisfied with not only , wants to think that the interior outside environment is beautiful too at the same time. The building needs especially door emergency call, cures skill sometimes because of medical treatment function , give the horizontal stroke draining away water , erect a tube arrange to lie scattered comparatively, more bright dew is in interior, warm the pipeline exchanging special field up in addition sometimes , make the pipeline that the room inner clearly shows more than the correct or required number , both inelegant, and affect hygiene. This demands right away in the process of

engineering design , the rational arrangement the structure form should fully utilize not being the same as is carried out, needs to make the various pipeline conceal arrangement to the full according to the function , pays attention to beautiful befitting one's position or suited to the occasion under not affecting the premise being put into use. Certainly, these require that building structure special field is dense. Tier of furred ceilings and the basement top sometimes are every special field pipeline aggregation field , every special field norm and request having every special field , each sometimes arranges if the building designs middle in the ward,whose result either increase building storey height, or cannot attend to one thing without neglecting another. For overcoming this one abuse, should think in general that bigger flue pipe arrangement be in the most superjacent, it's on the down part is that several special field arrangement props up the public space being in charge of , down part is to arrange to give draining off , driving force , strong , weak electricity every system to do a tube again. Such is arranged than form arrangement is other comparatively economical , pragmatic.

10) Exchangers forms choice. In the system the tradition hospital hot water is supplied, people adopt volume mainly dyadic exchanger. Have been to think that what be provided steam amounts and hot water supplies the adjustment amounts dispatching value between maximum value mainly , have diminished a steam boiler designing amounts , have decreased by boiler room Zhan field area , have saved one time investment. People demands but more highly, and more highly, especially the example discovering army group bacterium pathopoiesia in life hot water to water quality now , the altitude arousing people takes seriously. Be a bacterium mainly because of in the water 55 ~C is the easiest to breed an army group in 30 ~C ~, WHO (WHO) is recommended by for this purpose: "Hot water responds to in 60 ~C use And cycle at least above 50 ~C. Come if some users, need to fall to 40 ~C or 50 ~C or so with the faucet water temperature, to come true being able to use a thermoregulation to blend a valve at this time. The growth being a temperature Bu Li Yu pneumonia diplococcus swear to store water, is a regulating valve's turn to should set up the place closing down and suspending operation of point in drawing near". This be especially important to the hospital. Because of being in hospital the weak having disease,if bacterium of army group happened within the hospital is to be harmful for patient to treat and recover from the illness,the hospital has a grave responsibility. At present small hospital within the hospital especially a little condition is relatively poor , include the part area level hospital, 24 unable hs supply hot water, and volume the dyadic converter inner water temperature is to use

echelon in inside of exchanger, the water temperature very difficult to make keeps in 60 ~C or so. Thereby, lead to volume produce the bacterium of army group in the pipeline supplying hot water system within dyadic exchanger , change a hospital using the exchanger form to respond to be a task of top priority. Adopt half to be to heat up style or be a dyadic hot exchanger , make whose hot water supply the system water temperature keeping the water supply being in progress in all above 60 ~C area all the time, occurrence propagating , completely eradicating the bacterium of army group in order to avoiding the bacterium of army group.

二MULTILAYER WATER SUPPL Y SYSTEM

At present, great majority cities municipal administration pipe network pressure can maintain above 2 kilograms in the homeland , take place individual small town water pressure can reach 4 kilograms even. The pressure therefore, building the municipal administration pipe network's to the same multilayer has been already sufficient , has been in a small town especially since but municipal administration pipe network water yield supplying water , water pressure fluctuation are bigger. Have several kinds the following types mainly for overcome these shortcomings , multilayer water supply system design.

1) Direct water supply type is that pressure , direct water supply , sort making use of municipal administration pipe network directly apply to slightly high area of municipal administration pipe network pressure or higher range of water works vicinity pressure inner. The shortcoming it is water yield , water pressure to be able to not ensure that. This water supply scheme economy function is very good but, to less pipe network of scale , does not need any other equipment or measure.

2) Water box water supply types have led municipal administration pipe network water to roof water box , discrepancy in elevation , gravity depending on a water box and using the water appliance have supplied water , have overcome water pressure water yield block of wood stability and then. Since but, secondary pollution, moreover, water box volume that the water box there exists in possibility is bigger,this way does not encourage therefore.

3) Water boxes , pipe networks ally self with a type when the ordinary time water yield water pressure is sufficient , unnecessary water enters the roof water box when covering water supply , overpressure as with a net directly from municipal administration, think that the water box supplies water to the consumer by gravity automation when pressure or the water yield is insufficient. The main force who is that regular directness supplies water on physics structure

stretches the top cut-over water box , sets up and one exhalent siphon from the water box. Owe a scheme the volume having diminished a water box, and make water not need to enter a water box staying this one step , hygiene reliability increase by. The problem is (that the municipal administration now pipe network can accomplish) but if longtime stabilivolt supplies water , the water sojourn time in water box is on the contrary greatly increase by , easier to be contaminated. And, the water box all must readjust oneself to a certain extent in the building in all usage water boxes system most higher place, attractive looks being able to affect a building in some occasion , the physical design building even.

4) Pressure jars supply water since insecure water box factor , reason why use the jar sealing off reliable pressure to replace, and the pressure jar does not need, high position lay down, attractive looks and structure not affecting a building bearing , go down well very much over the past few years. Pressure jar system requires that the water pump and autocontrol system have to fit but , feasible cost increases by to some extent. However, in the late years whose market price already lets many consumers be able to choose.Systematic pressure jar principle is to make use of a water pump water compression to be sent to receive the pipe network building the inside , thinks that water enters the pressure jar , reaches certain pressure time , water pump motor stoppage or reduces the speed when pressure is too big,While pressure is smaller than regulation value, the pressure jar conveys water to the outside and starts the water pump or acceleration at the same time (frequency conversion water pump).

5) Two time of compression types can make do for to small-scale consumer ,if the building , the pressure jar are only systematic. The direction that the dwelling house spends at present to housing estate develops but, shows for the cluster arrangement that multilayer builds , concentrates stabilivolt mainly. The ability can not satisfy a request with pressure jar volume , the water pump concentrates compression therefore having appeared give first place to, pressure jar stabilivolt (remove the system water hammer) is subsidiary way. Economy cost rises only , also needs the specially-assigned person upkeep. Besides, pipe network system belongs to low pressure since tier of numbers are not many, pipeline, the direct cut-over without exception with layers consumer is be OK , comparatively simple. The steel tube prepares pipeline material with low pressure low pressure PPR silent stock tube give first place to.

译文：

医院建筑给水排水

随着现代医学科学的迅速发展,新技术、新医疗设备层出不穷,从而与之相符的现代化医疗建筑———医院,也面临着新的设计理念和新技术的运用。无论从医院建筑物功能、其所处的环境,还是医院建筑设备及装备系统,要求均愈来愈高。因为它不仅是保障日常工作生活的需要,而且与救治病人、促进康复、避免致残、挽救生命紧密相关。作为给排水专业的设计不仅需要满足医院建筑中设备上不同功能的要求,而且必须安全可靠。下面根据医院建筑中有关给水、排水各系统设计,从社会不断发展和超前的理念方面谈几点体会

一医院给排水系统

1) 现代化医院的设备及装备系统内容繁多,功能特殊,要求很高。除了要求保证持续供给充分符合质量标准的用水外,更需要根据不同的医疗仪器以及不同科室对水质、水压、水温的要求,分门别类设置水处理系统和对系统进行增减压。

2) 医院的手术室、产房的手术洗手水、卫生通过淋浴水、牙科的牙科椅的口水宜采用净化消毒水。国内一些大型的、级别高的医院中心供应室,消毒中心也采用了净化消毒水,既保证无尘、无菌,消除致病源,避免感染,又减少设备微细管道的阻塞。

3) 医院制剂室的制剂用水采用蒸馏水,并在制蒸馏水系统中设有局部增压设施。具体制蒸馏水工艺应根据不同医院制剂工艺而定,给排水专业应密切配合

制剂工艺预留给排水管和配置相应的冷却水循环系统,满足其工艺对水质、水量、水压的要求。

4) 医院手术室、产房、婴儿室、供应室、皮肤科的医疗病房,门急诊、医技各科室和职工后勤部门对热水供应的要求差异较大,需要分别设置热水供应

系统。一般情况门急诊、医技科室、中心供应室、职工后勤部门供应热水为定时供水,供应时间比较一致。大部分医院根据目前的财力,病房楼的热水供应基本为定时,而从长远角度来看,应该是24 h 供应热水。手术室、产房的手术洗手,

卫生通过的淋浴器应该为24 h 供应热水,而且不能有任何间断,热水供应安全可靠,水温基本控制在人的正常体温37 ℃左右,故一般热水供应宜单独成为一个

系统,以确保供应热水系统万无一失。

5) 考虑到环境的美化,不宜采用蒸汽开水炉,从而杜绝蒸汽泄漏或疏水器排气所引起病房楼的备餐间内地面的潮湿,避免内墙发霉现象的发生。医院不管大小,开水供应都应采用自动容积或电开水炉,一般一个病区考虑一台,容积根据使用情况确定。一是便于护工管理;二是保证对病员的供应,同时改善病房内部的环境。

6) 各门急诊科室,尤其是传染科病房各诊室、治疗室、洗涤盆应设非手动水咀,可采用肘式、膝式或脚踏式开关。如使用脚踏式开关一定要使用防渗漏的产品,以免使用处地面经常潮湿,使病员、医务人员滑倒,发生事故。手术室、产房手术等洗手应采用恒温混水阀,恒温出水,以红外线感应电磁阀控制方式为好。医技科室的部分化验室、实验室有特殊要求,水咀应根据各科室功能的要求来确定其水咀的形式。

7) 医院的许多科室,尤其是检验室、化验室、放射科等科室中的酸洗池、消毒池、洗片池等下水管道应采用耐腐的PVC2U 排水塑料管。

8) 对各类污、废水必须严格按国家有关排放标准分门别类,用不同的处理工艺进行针对性地处置和处理。

9) 由于现代医院不仅要满足使用功能需要,同时还要考虑室内外环境美观。尤其是门急诊、医技楼往往由于医疗功能需要,给排水横、立管布置较为散乱,较多的明露在室内,有时加之暖通专业的管道,使房间内明露的管道过多,既不雅观,又影响卫生。这就要求在工程设计过程中,应充分利用不同的结构形式进行合理布置,根据功能需要尽量使各种管道隐蔽布置,在不影响使用的前提下,注意美观得体。当然,这些需要建筑结构专业密切配合和结构形式的合理。另外,随着医院建筑中设备及装备系统增多,管道的数量大大增加,合理、综合布置各系统在平面吊顶内的管道则能降低建筑层高,减少投资。如在病房楼设计中,往往首层吊顶和地下室顶部为各专业管道的集合地,各专业有各专业的规范和要求,往往各自布置,其结果要么增加建筑层高,要么顾此失彼。为了克服这一弊端,一般应考虑将较大的风管布置在最上方,其下方为几个专业布置支管的公用空间,再下方是布置给排水、动力、强、弱电各系统干管。这样布置比其他形式布置较为经济、实用。

10) 热交换器形式的选择。传统的医院热水供应系统中,人们基本上采用容积式热交换器。主要是考虑所提供蒸汽量与热水供应最大值之间差值的调节量,减小了蒸汽锅炉设计量,减少了锅炉房占地面积,节约了一次性投资。然而现在人们对水质要求愈来愈高,尤其是生活热水中发现军团菌致病的实例,引起人们的高度重视。主要是因为在30 ℃～55 ℃水中最容易繁殖军团菌,为此世界卫生组织(WHO) 推荐:“热水应在60 ℃以上储存,并至少在50 ℃以上循环。如某些使用者,需要将水龙头水温降至40 ℃或50 ℃左右,这时可以使用调温混合阀来实现。为保证蓄水温度不利于肺炎双球菌的生长,该调节阀应设定在靠近关停点的地方”。这点对医院尤为重要。因为住院的是有病的弱者,如在医院内发生军团菌则不利于病员治疗与康复,医院责任重大。目前医院内尤其是一些条件较差的小医院,包括部分区级医院,不能24 h 供应热水,并且容积式交换器内水温是以

梯形状态分布,在热交换器内部很难使水温保持在60 ℃左右。从而导致容积式热交换器内供应热水系统管道中产生军团菌,改变医院使用热交换器形式应是

当务之急。采用半即热式或即热式热交换器,使其热水供应系统水温始终保持在60 ℃以上区域进行供水,以避免军团菌滋生,杜绝军团菌的发生。

二多层给水系统

目前，国内大多数城市的市政管网压力可以维持在2公斤以上，个别小城镇的出水压力甚至可以达到4公斤。因此，对于一般的多层建筑市政管网的压力已经足够了，但是由于市政管网的供水水量、水压波动较大，尤其在小城镇。为了克服这些缺点，多层给水系统的设计主要有以下几种类型。

1）直接供水型就是直接利用市政管网的压力，直接供水，一般适用于市政管网压

力稍高的地区或水厂附近压力较高的范围内。缺点就是水量、水压不能保证。但是，对于规模较小的管网这种供水方案的经济性能很好，不需要任何其他设备或措施。

2）水箱供水型将市政管网的水引至屋顶水箱，然后靠水箱与用水器具的高差，重力供水，克服了水压水量的不稳定性。但是，由于水箱可能存在的二次污染，而且，水箱体积较大，因此这种方式不提倡。

3）水箱、管网联合型平时水量水压足够时，直接由市政网供水，超压时，多余水进入屋顶水箱，当压力或水量不足时，水箱靠重力自动向用户供水。物理结构上就是正常的直接供水的主干管伸顶接入水箱，并由水箱设一出水管。该方案减小了水箱的体积，并使水不需要都进入水箱停留这一步骤，卫生可靠性增加。但是问题就是如果长时间的稳压供水（现在的市政管网可以办到的），水箱中的水的停留时间反而大大增加，更容易受污染。而且，所有使用水箱的