西方文化导论Unit8..
西方文化导论
Western Culture: An Introduction（西方文化导论）Chapter 1 Culture in Ancient Greece （古希腊文化）1.Cradle of western civilization （西方文明的摇篮）---Ancient Greek“We are all Greeks.”------Percy Bysshe Shelley (珀西·比希·雪莱)When Shelley said “We are all Greeks”, he is expressing his buy-in（认同）to the then current belief that European culture could trace its roots back （追根溯源于）to the Greek ideals and customs. This would include everything: architecture, education, medicine, our basic myths and memes, government, etc.2.Phases of development )（发展阶段）Delphi 特尔斐(希腊古都)Three Ages:ca.3000-1200 BC, the Heroic Age（英雄时代）(ca. 1200-750 BC), the Greek City-State （希腊城邦）and the Persian Wars（波斯战争）(ca. 750-480 BC), the Golden Age （黄金时代）(Ca. 480-430 BC).Bronze Age Civilizations of the Aegean (ca. 3000-1200 BC):1.1Minoan[miˈnəuən] civilization 克里特文明flourished between 2000-1400 BC, when itseems to be absorbed or destroyed by the Mycenaeans.The most famous of the leg ends of Minoan culture is Minotaur [ˈmaɪnətɔ:(r)] 人身牛头怪/弥诺陶洛斯, a being “part man and part bull”.Where did the Renaissance start with the flowering of paintings, sculpture and architecture?In Florence 佛罗伦萨（意大利都市名）and Venice()意大利港市.1.2Mycenae[maiˈsi:ni:]迈锡尼/Mycenaean [maisiˈni:ən] culture (ca. 1600-1200).By 1600 BC, the Mycenaeans had established themselves in the Aegean（爱琴海）.Around 1200 BC, the Mycenaeans attacked Troy, a commercial stronghold on the northwest coast of Asia Minor小亚细亚半岛. The ten-year-long war between Mycenae and Troy would provide the historical context for the Iliad [ˈɪliəd] （伊利亚特）and the Odyssey [ˈɒdəsi]（奥赛德）. ------ Homer（荷马）, the blind Greek poetTrojan war (特洛伊战争)------ Penelope’s web 珀涅罗珀的织物；故意拖延的策略；永远做不完的工作1.2.1The Heroic Age (ca. 1200-750 BC): after 1200 BC, more powerful, iron-bearing tribes of Dorians (多利亚人约于前1200-1000年间从巴尔干半岛北部迁入希腊，后来建立了斯巴达（Sparta）、科林斯（Corinth）、阿尔戈斯（Argos）等城邦，更多时候是作为入侵者和征服者被看待，荷马认为其野蛮黑暗), a Greek-speaking people from the north, destroyed Mycenaean civilization.Peloponnesian Wars 伯罗奔尼撒战争(431-404 BC)between Athens(雅典) and Sparta(斯巴达)；Years of internal wars weakened the once powerful Greek city-states of Sparta, Athens, Thebes（底比斯）, and Corinth（科林斯）. Philip II of Macedonia （马其顿）(northern Greece) rose to power and, in 338 BC, he rode south and conquered the cities of Thebes and Athens, uniting most of Greece under his rule. Upon Philip II ‘s death, his son, Alexander the Great（亚历山大大帝）, took control and proceeded to conquer all of the lands between Greece and India including Egypt.After the death of Alexander in 323 BC, Macedonia was defeated by Roma（罗马）at the Battleof Cynoscephalae（基诺斯山战役）in 197 BC and then again at the Battle of Pydna（皮德纳战役）in 168 BC. The Greeks were finally defeated at the Battle of Corinth in 146 BC. Rome completely destroyed and plundered（掠夺）the city of Corinth as an example to other Greek cities.1.2.2The Greek City-State and the Persian Wars (ca. 750-480 BC)In 490 BC, Battle of Marathon 马拉松战役In 480 BC, Battle of the Hot Gates and Battle of Salamis 萨拉米斯海战Persian Wars(希波战争): Herodotus 希罗多德(ca. 485-425 BC), the father of history 历史之父。
西方文化导论Unit.pptx
_F_ Press de France Nouvelle.
5. Jazz was initially influenced by two kinds of Negro music: ragtime and blues.
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Text Study _4_3333 Comprehension Exercises
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Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice.
(1) Impressionism got its name from ________famous painting Impression: Sunrise.
A. Pissarro’s B. Monet’s C. van Gogh’s D. Paul Gauguin’s
Hofmann, who benefited from the movements like cubism,
_fa_u_v_i_s_m_ and expressionism.
3. Action painting is a branch of a_b_s_t_ra_c_t_e_x_p_r_e_s_s_io_n_is_m__ .
Comprehension Exercises
Fill in the blanks.
1. _N_e_w__Y_o_rk__ became a new centre of world art during and after
the WWII, taking over from Paris.
2. One of the representative of abstract expressionism is Hans
Unit8 西方文化导论
Main Ideas
Text Study
Romanticism was a reaction against the Enlightenment and against the 18th-century rationalism and materialism in general. It began as early as Rousseau. He held that human natural feelings pointed to the right direction while reason would lead man astray. Under Rousseau’s influence, romanticism became discernible first in France, and its substantial achievements were made in Germany and England.
The 18th-century Enlightenment firmly established the rational capacity of the Europeans. But by the end of the century and into the early part of the 19th century, people began to realize that man is an emotional and organic individual. Therefore, the man of reason became the new man
Generally realism is based on the mode of reproducing reality, while romanticism focuses on emotion and nature and ontological naturalism refers more to reality being limited to the observable world.
英美文化Unit 8
英美文化教程Unit 8Chapter 8 Character and MannersI . Focal Points1.characteristics of the English2.sportsmanship3.manners4.class system in Britain5.politeness in Britain6.English modesty7.the English sense of humourII . Questions and Answers on the Text1. To other Europeans, what is the best known quality of the British, and of the English in particular?To other Europeans, the best known quality of the British, and of the English in particular, is "reserve".2. What is a reserved person supposed to be?A reserved person is one who does not talk .very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited.3. Why is it difficult to get to know a reserved person?Because a reserved person never tells you anything about himself, and you may work with him for years without even knowing where he lives, how many children he has, and what his interests are.4. What is the general attitude toward loud speech in Britain?Loud speech is considered ill-bred in Britain.5. What impression does the reluctance of the English to communicate with others give? What is the reality?The reluctance to communicate with others tends to give the impression of coldness, and it is true that the English (except perhaps in the North) are not noted for their generosity and hospitality. On the other hand, they are perfectly human behind their barrier of reserve, and may be quite pleased when a friendly stranger or foreigner succeeds for a time in breaking the barrier down.6. Who are less reserved in Britain?People of the North and West, especially the Welsh, are much less reserved than those of the South and East.7. What is the quality closely related to English reserve?Closely related to English reserve is English modesty.8. What is the general attitude towards self-praise in Britain?Self-praise is felt to be ill-bred in Britain.9. What impression does the English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, produce?The English self-deprecation, mixed with their reserve, often produces a sort of general air of indifference which appears to foreigners as a pose, difficult to understand and irritating.10. What is the starting point of the English sense of humour? What is its great enemy?The starting point of the English sense of humour is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit.11. What is the ideal of the English sense of humour?The ideal of the English sense of humour is the ability to laugh at oneself--at one's own faults, one's own failure and embarrassment, even at one's own ideal. 12. What is sportsmanship?Sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one' s opponent and good temper in defeat.13. How can you prove that sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general?This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary life.14. Whom does the middle class consist of?The middle class consists chiefly of well-to, do business men and professional people of all kinds.15. Whom does the working class consists of?The working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers.16. What is the most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class according to the author?The most obvious difference between the working class and the middle class is their accent.17. What kind of accent do middle-class people use? What is the characteristic of the accents used by typical Working-class people?Middle-class people use slightly varying kinds of "received pronunciation" which is the kind of English spoken by BBC announcers and taught to overseas pupils, while typical working-class people speak in many different local accents which are generally felt to be uneducated.18. What is one of the biggest barriers of social equality in England as far as education is concerned? Give an example.One of the biggest barriers of social equality in England is the two-class education system. For example, to have been to a so- called "public school" ' immediately marks you out as one of the middle class.19. What is the difference between the life of middle-class people and that of working-class people? Take their meal as an example.The middle classes tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured. The midday meal of middle-class people is "lunch" and they have a rather formal evening meal called "dinner", whereas the working man's dinner, if his working hours permit, is at mid-day, and his smaller, late-evening meal is called "supper".20. What is the characteristic of British habits of politeness on the whole?British habits of politeness are on the whole very informal.21. When are handshakes exchanged in Britain?Handshakes are only exchanged on a first introduction, or on special occasions, or as a token of agreement or congratulation.22. What rule is all British politeness based on?All politeness is based on the elementary rule of showing consideration for others, and fitly acknowledging the consideration they show to you.23. When is "Excuse me" used?"Excuse me" is used as an advance apology for troubling some-body, as when passing in front of him or interrupting his conversation, or when putting a question to a stranger.24. What are the functions of "Sorry"?"Sorry" expresses regret for an accidental disturbance or breach of manners. It also takes the place of "no" when you cannot accede to a request or an implied request like "May I borrow your pen?"25. What is the function of "Pardon?"?"Pardon?" is the polite way of asking somebody to repeat what he has said. 26. When are "Yes, please" and "No, thank you" used?"Yes, please" and "No, thank you" are used when somebody replies to an offer.27. How should one express a polite request? What should one say when the request is granted?A polite request does not begin with "I want" or “I think", but with a phrase like "Will (or Would, Can, Could) you please …?" or "Would you mind ... ?" When the request is granted, one should say "Thank you."28. How do British people ask for service that involve real inconvenience?British people do not readily ask each other to do anything that would involve real inconvenience~ If they do ask, the request is accompanied by an implied apology like, "I don't really like ..." or " I asking you, but . or know the trouble I'm causing you, but would you mind ... ?" and so on.29. If you are invited to a person's home in Britain, what time should you arrive?If it is a social occasion, not a business one, it is not polite to arrive early. Ten minutes late is excellent.30. If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, what time will you probably take your leave?If you are invited to an evening meal in a British home, you will probably take your leave between ten and eleven o' clock..31. What is the main thing about table manners in Britain?The main thing about table manners in Britain is to sit up straight, copy everyone else, gaily asking what to do if you are not sure, and keep the conversation going.32. To whom are tips given in Britain? What is the usual amount of tips given?In Britain, tips are usually given to waiters and taxi-drivers, to whom you give an extra tenth or eighth of the price of the meal or fare. Hotel servants and railway porters, too, expect a small tip if they are of service to you.33. Why should gifts of money be given only cautiously in Britain?Gifts of money should be given only cautiously in Britain because the offer of money makes an act of kindness seem like a mean desire for gain.34. Why is politeness towards women less observed today than it used to be?Because women are now the equals of men in having the vote, taking paid employment and receiving higher education, they receive much less consideration than formerly, for the whole basis of politeness towards women is the feeling that they need protection.35. Give some examples of politeness towards women in Britain.It is considered polite to give up one's seat to a woman who is standing, to open doors for her, help her alight from the bus, carry things for her, protect her from the traffic, and so on, and the maxim "Ladies first" is well known.36. Why are old people respected in Britain?If old people are respected in Britain, it is because they are felt to be in need of protection and support.III. Explanations1. English reserve(1) English reserve is the best known quality of the British, and in particular of the English, to other Europeans. (2) The English are on the whole reserved: they do not talk very much to strangers, do not show much emotion, and seldom get excited. (3) This reluctance to communicate with others is an unfortunate quality in some ways, since it tends to give the impression of coldness.2. English modesty(1) English modesty is a quality closely related to English reserve. (2) Within their heart, the English are perhaps no less conceited than anybody else, but in their relations with others they value at least a show of modesty. (3) Self-praise is felt tobe ill-bred, and the English are typical of self-deprecation.3. English sense of humour(1) English Sense of humour is a quality that is similar to English modesty. Its starting point is self-deprecation, and its great enemy is conceit. (2) Its ideal is to laught at oneself--at one's own faults, one's own failures and embarrassments, even at one's own ideals. (3) It is an attitude to life rather than the mere ability to laugh at jokes. This attitude is never cruel or disrespectful or malicious.4. English sportsmanship(1) Sportsmanship is an English ideal that is highly valued in Britain. (2) Sportsmanship is the ability to practise a sport in obedience to its rules, while also showing generosity to one's opponent and good temper in defeat. (3) Sportsmanship as an ideal is applied to life in general. This is proved by the number of sporting terms used in ordinary speech.5. English class system(1) As a social convention, the English class system is much less rigid than it was, but it still exists below the surface. (2) Broadly speaking, it means there are two classes, the "middle class" and the "working class". The middle class consists chiefly of well-to-do business men and professional people of all kinds; the working class consists chiefly of manual and unskilled workers. (3) The most obvious difference between them is in their accent. The middle classes also tend to live a more formal life than working-class people, and are usually more cultured.。
西方文化导论考试范围
西方文化导论考试范围木星(Jupiter) Zeus the god of justice。
海王星(Neptune) 代表神Poseidon 海神冥王星(Pluto) 代表神普鲁陀Hades(冥府之神) 太阳(Sun)// 代表神阿波罗Apollo(太阳神) 金星(Venus) 代表神维纳斯Venus(爱与美之神Aphrodite) Athena雅典娜智慧女神月球(Moon) 露娜Luna，希腊人称之为瑟丽妮Selene和阿蒂蜜丝Artemis火星(Mars) 代表神马尔斯Ares(战神)水星(Mercury)// 代表神摩丘力Hermes(商业、旅行与偷窃之神)土星(Saturn) 代表神克隆纳斯(kronus)天王星(Uranus)-天王星是古希腊传说中的天界之神，最早的天神。
他也是克罗那斯（Cronus,土星）、独眼巨人（Cyclopes）和泰坦巨神（Titans，奥林匹亚众神的始祖）的父亲，妻子则是大地之母盖娅（Gaia）。
Athens Sparta polis城邦ruled by the leader owning aristocrat or the slave-turned king. archons首席执政官solon梭伦Cleisthenes 克里斯提尼Draco德拉古。
Socrates苏格拉底Plato 柏拉图The School of Athens 。
Apology辩解篇padres理想国Aristotle亚里士多德science logic。
Cynics 犬儒主义Epic poetry长篇史诗Homer Iliad Odyssey 奥德赛--Trojan war Lyric poetry Callimachus—Hymns Theocritus—The Syracusan Woman The GracesDrama 戏剧Aeschylus—Prometheus Bound，Agamemnon，the PersiansSophocles----Oedipus the king，Oedipus Complex恋母情结Electra，AntigoneEuripides ----Medea ，Trojan Women Electra Complex恋父情结Parthenon帕特农神殿Pantheon 万神庙Discobolis ，Disous Thrower 掷铁饼者Laocoon Group拉奥孔人物组雕Venus De Mile断臂维纳斯Julius Caesar 凯撒---Commentaries on the Gallic War ，The Civil War。
Unit8 西方文化导论
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1. A General Introduction 2. Focus In
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The 18th and 19th centuries were not only an important period for political stage, but also a period of important cultural change. A great host of forms and styles came to the fore in the scene of Western literature and art. They included romanticism, realism and naturalism. Generally realism is based on the mode of reproducing reality, while romanticism focuses on emotion and nature and ontological naturalism refers more to reality being limited to the observable world. The 18th-century Enlightenment firmly established the rational capacity of the Europeans. But by the end of the century and into the early part of the 19th century, people began to realize that man is an emotional and organic individual. Therefore, the man of reason became the new man
西方文化导论课件Unit
(1) Italy’s prosperous trade and production of handicraft, which furnished a material basis for cultural development
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
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(2) its rich variety of urban social life coinciding with the emergence of more cities where manufacturing and commercial activities called for the vigorous development of cultural life
中世纪（Middle Ages）（约公元476年~公元1453年），是欧洲历史
上的一个时代（主要是西欧），自西罗马帝国灭亡（公元476年）到 东罗马帝国灭亡（公元1453年）的这段时期。这个时期的欧洲没有一 个强有力的政权来统治。封建割据带来频繁的战争，造成科技和生产 力发展停滞，人民生活在毫无希望的痛苦中，所以中世纪或者中世纪 早期在欧美普遍被称作“黑暗时代”，传统上认为这是欧洲文明史上 发展比较缓慢的时期。
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
Interpretation of Cultural Terms
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monastic chapter 教会或修道院管理处: a Christian administrative office within the church
Main Ideas
Main Ideas
Text Study
Factors that contributed to the emergence of the Renaissance:
西方文化导论课后题答案7-11章
1. Please give an account of the setting of the Enlightenment.The fact that the Enlightenment first occurred in France was ascribed to the deterioration in economic, political, social and cultural conditions in the 18th-century France. The French people strongly demanded that the declining situation be arrested and reforms be carried out. Under such circumstances, progressive intellectuals began to think more seriously about the solutions to the crises and tried to resort to intellectual and social means. This movement also asked for more political power to the people as the bourgeoisie joined in with its economic support and thus the cultural movement tinned with political colour as a bourgeois mark. On the other hand, the dissemination of scientific knowledge and the influences of British empiricism also immensely heightened intellectual and political awareness of the people in general. This prepared the political basis of the bourgeois revolution to follow.2. Briefly introduce one or two representative figures of the Enlightenment and their central ideas. V oltaire and Montesquieu are two of the representative figures of the Enlightenment. Voltaire exposed the dark side of France such as the corruption and injustice of Christianity by launching his theory on human nature. Also, he argued for the freedom and equality of ordinary people. What’s more, he strongly condemned feudal autocracy and put forward the theory of the enlightened monarchy.Montesquieu’s political theory developed the principle of dividing political power although the principle itself was not his invention. Montesquieu contributed significantly to the establishment of the modern Western state by exposing the nature of state and human beings in his great work Spirit of Law which has wide-ranging influence on the later generations of modern Western political thinking and practice.For Montesquieu, it was climate that contributed most to the formation of a society and he believed it was shown in national character, political system, marriage codes, religion, and the use of slavery. His geographical and environmental theory is of some progressive significance, but it exaggerates the geographical factor in social development.1. Say something about the origin and the major concerns of Romanticism. Give examples. Romanticism originated out of the craving for individual freedom by the young intellectuals who could not tolerate ideological and intellectual oppression derived from classicism and rationalism imposed by the ruling class and traditional culture, as was demonstrated in Germany where the Storm and Stress Movement occurred under Rousseau’s influence which attracted many followers including Goethe and Schiller.To some extent it was a reaction against the Enlightenment and the 18th-century rationalism and materialism in general. It demanded more reasonable attention to human passion and individuality as a way to reach real human emancipation and freedom.The major concerns of Romanticism comprised individualism, emotionalism, worship of nature, fascination with the alien aspects of foreign lands, enthusiasm for nationalism and often expressed an air of disillusionment.2. What do you think of the similarities and dissimilarities between realism and naturalism?The similarities of realism and naturalism lie in the fact that they both aim to describe real life and try to reveal the nature of social reality, especially the dark side of human society. But in the ways of representation, they differ in the following aspects: first, the naturalist writer does not focus on a typical environment or typical characters for representation of reality, and instead, they would attempt to depict real life as it is by sticking to the inherent factor which would usually lead to thecause or motivation of certain or behaviors; second, the naturalist writer emphasizes more of the influence of environment on human nature and behavior by exposing the dark and evil aspect of human society which is not just similar to social realism but even more violent and barbarous and emotional.1.2. Choose one representative character from German classical philosophers and make a brief remark on his contribution to the later social or cultural development.Immanuel Kant was an 18th-century German classical philosopher. He is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe and of the late Enlightenment. Kant created a new widespread perspective in philosophy which influenced European philosophy through and after his lifetime. He also published important works of epistemology, as well as works relevant to religion, law, and history. His most important works is the Critique of Pure Reason, an investigation into the limitations and structure of reason itself. It encompasses an attack on traditional metaphysics and e pistemology, and highlights Kant’s own contribution to these areas. Kant’s great contribution lies in his interpretation of human epistemology: the ultimate nature of reality of the “things in themselves” remains forever unaccessible to the human mind and what we can know is only its phenomena. The mind impresses its forms of sensibility via space and time or the original data of the senses and orders them according to the categories of thought.1. Say something you know about Modernism, including its performance and features. Modernism, in its broadest sense, is modern thought, character, or practice. More specifically, the term describes both a set of cultural tendencies and an array of associated cultural schools, originally arising from wide-scale and far-reaching changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The term encompasses the activities and output of those who felt the “traditional” forms of art, architecture, literature, religious faith, social conventions and daily life were becoming outdated in the new conditions of economic, social and political developments under the influence of industrialization and colonization.Modernism —despite its complexity and multiplicity in terms of ideological tendencies and representation modes, could be regarded basically to be irrational, that is, in opposition to rational tradition of the Western culture and civilization. History has repeatedly proved that any radical drive or trend could not last long and so did modernism which, with all its justifications, only survived a few decades since its beginning and had to decline and finally disappeared as a movement though some of its ideas and forms or techniques still maintained. The reason is simple — no one could reject all the inheritances his ancestors have passed on to him no matter whether these inheritances are valuable enough for him to benefit from. In that sense people after modernism, particularly the cultural people or intellectuals, have to take a lesson from Modernist Movement, which they should be cautious about the way to handle cultural heritage and need to try to make use of the positive elements from tradition.2. Describe one or two modernist writers focused on his work.James Joyce is one of most prominent modernist writers in the early 20th century whose reputation mainly rests upon his masterful use of the Stream of Consciousness technique in his writing. He is best known for his landmark novel Ulysses (1922) and its controversial successor Finnegans Wake(1939), as well as the short story collection Dubliners(1914) and the semi-autobiographical novellet A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916). Ulysses is one of the most important works of Modernist literature. The action of novel, which takes place in asingle day, 16 June 1904, sets the characters and incidents of the Odyssey of Homer in modern Dublin and bases his three protagonists, Leopold Bloom, Molly Bloom and Stephen Dedalus, on the triangular relationship in parallel with the construction of Odysseus, Penelope and Telemachus. Ulysses’ stream-of-consciousness technique, symbolic structure, and experimental prose style—full of puns, parodies, and allusions—as well as its rich characterization in close association with serious thematic concerns, such as Irish nationalism, sympathy for the Jew and women, and protest against Catholicism, therefore renders the book a highly recognized status in Modernist literature.1. Tell some ideological Representative Figures of the Modern age and their main ideas..(1) Marx’s Marxism, its main ideas include scientific socialism, political economics, and dialectic materialism.(2) Darwin’s theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, Its main idea as follow:i. Species have developed or evolved by a series of small variations.ii. All animals and plants are descended from a single prototype.iii. Natural selection or survival of the fittest ensures that only those variations which improve the chances of survival of species are ultimately significant.iv. Only inherited characteristics can be passed on to later generations.Comet’s Positivism, including Theory of Three Stages:i. Man wanted to acquire absolute knowledge and explain the observed phenomena of the outside world with the help of supernatural theological influences.ii. Man used instead a kind of personified abstraction, i.e. metaphysical nature and “natural force”. iii. Rational sciences dominated everything.Bergson’s Intuitional Ideas:i. He was opposed to the monism of both materialism and idealism and sought a return to philosophical dualism.ii. The functions of intuition and intellect and their differences.Freud’s Theory of Psychoanalysis:i. deep-level psychology: the human unconscious was like the submerged part of an iceberg, hiding many instinctive impulses and repressed desires;ii. Three concepts: the id, the ego, the superego (choose two or three)。
西方文化导论(英文)
Comments on Leaves of Grass
• 1). Nature’s beauty uplifts the human spirit(line
•
•
15, 23,24 specially refer to this theme).The nature stimulate the mind of human and give them relaxing and satifatory feeling. 2). People sometimes fail to appreciate nature’s wonders as they go about their routines(17 &18) 3). Nature thrives unattended. The daffodils proliferate in splendor along the shore of the lake without the need of the human attention
2. What does “wander” mean?
Questions about the theme
3. Why do you think the poet chooses to personify daffodils in the poem?
4. What is the relation between the poet and daffodils as described in the poem? 5. What’s the function of nature?
The theme
• The poem was about nature and
describing the great power of nature which may influence our life deeply as revealed in the poem. There is not only the visual effect but also the emotional response . • The choose of the word “lonely” in “I wandered lonely as a cloud” instead of other words like carefree, leisure or jolly convey to us the poet’s depression and disconsolateness悲伤 at the very beginning.
《西方文化导论》复习综合题库.doc
《西方文化导论》复习综合题库.doc《西方文化导论》综合复习第一章两方文化的起源一、填空1、希腊历史的第一页是__非洲 ________ 文明的历史。
爱琴海文明指的是爱琴海地区的青铜文化，先?形成了两大中心： _________ 和__________ ，因此又通称克里特岛一迈锡尼文化。
2、公元前_________ 年期间，是克里特文化最为繁盛的时代。
克里特文化的中心是________ ，传说中的_________ 国王建立了海上霸权，控制了整个爱琴海地区。
克里特的文字经历了象形文字和线形文字两大发展阶段，在它的繁盛期，线形文字全岛通用，这种文字又称____________ ,以区别迈锡尼的__________ 。
3、迈锡尼文化以_________ 而得名，但它实际上是希腊本土文化青铜文化的通称，是________ i继续，只不过乂加上了希腊民族文化的一些要素。
4、荷马时代的艺术主要表现为__________ ,陶器表面多用_________ 来装饰, 所以荷马吋代的考古文化通称为 __________ 风格文化。
5、爱琴海文明经历了一个盛极而衰的过程。
随着希腊文化屮心的北移，希腊文化也越来越摆脱了________ 和__________ 文明的巨大影响，形成了具冇特色的希腊民族文化。
奠定了日后 _________ 的根基。
二、名词解释1、迈锡尼文化2、荷马史诗三、问答题：1、荷马史诗的成就是什么？第二章希腊古典吋代的文化一、填空1、在A希腊史上，通常把公元前8世纪一前6世纪称为_______________ ,这是古希腊文化发展和形成的重耍时期；公元前6世纪以后直至马其顿征服希腊，称为________ ,是上古希腊文化发展的鼎盛时期；古典时代以后到奥古斯都打败安东尼这一吋期，为_________ ，是上古希腊文化广泛传播于________ 、、________ 三大洲许多地区的吋代，同时也是希腊文化没落的时代。
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Text Study
Supplementary Resources
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (1) Romanticism first began in the ideas of ____. A. Wordsworth B. Coleridge C. Rousseau D. Byron
A. Ode to Nightingale.
B. Ode on Melancholy. C. Ode to the West Wind. D. Ode on Indolence.
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
True or false questions. ____ F Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection put forward in his Survival of the Fittest dealt a fatal blow to the Christian Creationism. ____ T Realism refers to the accurate, detailed, non-ornamented depiction of nature or human life. ____ T English realism finds its best expression in novels. ____ F The most representative works of Charles Dickens are Vanity Fair, Oliver Twist and David Copperfield. ____ T As a major painter of the Barbizon School, Miller often painted rural scenes or conventional images with a real sense of daily life.
Multiple choice. (3) The most famous German romantic writer is Goethe whose representative works include ___.
A. Faust and The Robber
B. Faust and The Sorrows of Yong Werther C. Faust and The Sorrows of Young Werther D. Faust and The Divine Comedy
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Please match the following writers with their works.
1. Emile Zola 2. Goncourt brothers 3. Guy de Maupassant 4. Jack London 5. Theodore Dreiser
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (2) English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Lyrical Ballads by _____.
a. Germinie Lacerteux b. The Necklace c. An American Tragedy d. The Sea-Wolf e. Rougon-Macquart
B. Theodore Gericault
C. P. O. Runge D. Eugene Delacroix
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (5) Which of the following is not the ode written by John Keats?
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension Exercises
Multiple choice. (4) With the works of Freedom Leads the People and Dante and Virgil in the Hell, was named as the greatest French Romantic painter. A. Baron Antoine Gros
A. Wordsworth and Southey
B. Coleridge and Southey C. Wordsworth and Coleridge D. Southey and Blake
Text Study
Comprehension Exercises
Comprehension