Bullying in schools

Bullying in schoolsBasic situationBullying has been, and continues to be, a major problem for children.Bullying in school is an age-old problem and until recently. However, recent school violence cases highlight the serious and sometime deadly consequences of bullying behavior.In response, educators and politicians are turning to psychologists such as Dan Olweus, PhD, of Norway,[1] recognized as a pioneer and "founding father" of research on bullying and victimization. Olweus defines school bullying in a general way as "repeated negative, ill-intentioned behavior by one or more students directed against a student who has difficulty defending himself or herself. Most bullying occurs without any apparent provocation on the part of the student who is exposed."In his 1993 book, Bullying at school: What we know and what we can do, Dr. Olweus identifies characteristics of students who are most likely to be bullies and those that are most likely to be victims of bullying.They have a strong need to dominate and subdue other students and to get their own way:Are impulsive and are easily angeredAre often defiant and aggressive toward adults, including parents and teachersShow little empathy toward students who are victimizedIf they are boys, they are physically stronger than boys in generalThe typical passive or submissive victims, according to Olweus' research, generally have some of the following characteristics: Are cautious, sensitive, quiet, withdrawn and shyAre often anxious, insecure, unhappy and have low self-esteemAre depressed and engage in suicidal ideation much more often than their peersOften do not have a single good friend and relate better to adults than to peersIf they are boys, they may be physically weaker than their peers [2]We need to recognize bullying behaviors which can help us to understand children physical, emotional, and educational consequences of bullying, to prevent disturbance by bullies, and to make a positive psychosocial school environments.Now, let’ me talk about my opinions.Bullying generally has the foll owing characteristics between stud ents1.Constant self-surrender is inevitable between students of bullying .For students, by bullies without provocation is not acceptable. It’s necessary to improve the cultivation of students' protect consciousness, encourage them to maintain their own dignity. But we found in daily life, many students can only be self-surrender when they are subjected to other people’s bully,few students can rely on his own power to change the situation.[3]This unbroken self-surrender is the reason that bullying happened between students .2.Some students like to bully othersIt’s generally that students who like bullying others, his body quality is good.Such as tall, flexible motion. They have control others in students’group, bully who they don’t like. But some students are always like lonely "little poor",They are often bullied by other students and have to take bad nicknames,also often excluded from the collective outside.The p sychological analysis of stud ents’ bullying1.The reasons about some young students bully others:①The strong lust for power makes some young students like to controlother people.②Some young student's family life experience enables them to thehostile to the things around them. Social competition pressure willcause some teenagers student's have psychological problems.③Physical driven causing some young students bullying2. Many students dare not or unwilling to tell others what had happenedafter being bullied.This is mainly reflecting the following severalpsychological:①Fear of retaliation psychology and shortage of expression.②Be self-abased.Due to some students often be bullied that causedtheir self-confidence and self-esteem of extreme drop, produceinferiority mentality.[4]The hazards analysis among stud ents’ bullyingThe consequences of bullying are significant both to the children who are the targets of bullying and those who do the bullying. This sort of victimization can lead to damaged self-esteem, anxiety and panic attacks, depression, and suicidal thoughts. [5]Students who are severely and repeated bullied often do not want to go to school and become more lonely and isolated. Since bullying hasbecome more intense and more aggressive may damage children’sself-esteem, causing emotional wound.“It’s a public health problem that merits attention. People who were bullied as children are more likely to suffer from depression and lowself-esteem, well into adulthood, and the bullies themselves are more likely to engage in criminal behavior later in life.”[6] Victims of bullies are lonely and have trouble making friends. That kind of continuous pressure has a damaging effect on adolescents. A 12-year-old Pennsylvania girl developed anorexia as the result of being bullied about her weight by a group of male students. She has attacked daily for two years because somebody thought she was fat and deserved to be punished for it.[7] Students who are repeatedly bullied will often cause suicide.Bullied boys are four times more likely than their peers to be suicidal and girls eight times more likely [8].Students who are repeatedly bullied suffer serious physical harm and even death as well. Nearly half of all gay, bisexual or transgender students in U.S. middle and high schools say they have been physically harassed; and about a quarter have been physically assaulted. The homophobic bullying in school also causes victims to kill themselves. Eric Mohat was a 17-year-old high school student who used his father's registered handgun and shot himself in his bedroom in 2007 after relentless bullying at his high school. Tragically, three of Eric’s classmates also committed suicide thatsame year, and it is suspected that bullying played a significant part in those deaths as well. Carl Joseph Walker-Hoover was 11, hardly old enough to know his sexuality and yet distraught enough to hang himself in his bedroom with an innocent smile on 1st, April, 2009, after school bullies repeatedly called him "gay."[9] According to a recent report by the Gay, Lesbian and Straight Education Network, nearly nine out of ten lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender students reported being the victims because of their sexual orientation. That kind of relentless pressure has a damaging effect on adolescents. Even those victims who don’t commit suicide have deep psychological wounds.The concrete measures to reduce stud ents’ bullying1. Control those "overlord" childrenFirst, the teacher should observe carefully, look for the reasons, suit the method to the case.Instill the health concepts and positive attitude to students at ordinary times.2.Change the style of disciplineFor students, the biggest cheerful thing is to attract teachers’ attention. If yell at their behavior and criticize severely, maybe strengthen their bullying d punishment, show obvious concern and sympathy to weak party and pay no attention to attackers. This way may be useful.3.Strengthen parent-school contactTeachers should communicate more with parents,parents should avoid making students suffered serious setbacks.Parents can't often use violence to students. According to research,family violence is the main reason cause the campus violence, attackers’ families usually have many misfortunes, such as have a poor and parents divorced.Anyhow, lack of love and lack of discipline is the root reasons for many students of violence. Family members have low cultural quality, moral character corrupt, parents discipline method too severity or parents' neglects of discipline, family’s atmosphere is tense or not harmonious make the child lack love and security. The children easy to form aggressive personality and often release the depressiveness, obtain a psychological balance bybullying.[10]4.Strengthen students' good behaviorOn the one hand, the teacher should demonstrate personally, guides the student to distinguish the merits.On the other hand, pay attention to helping students communicate with each other, provide opportunities for cooperation, lead students to unity and friendship,enable students to understand good things should share with others.5.Teachers should be equally to every studentThe teacher is not able to discriminate or disdain some students, guide students form equal contact consciousness in ordinary education activities,let every student reflect their own unique value in certain aspects.6.To help weak student rebuilt their authority and dignityA number of students dare to tell others after suffer an injustice or damage. To bully attacker, the opposite side is more tolerance and more the weak, the more they like to treat him as the next target.So repeated tolerance cause the students lose of profit and self-esteem. So be sure to encourage the students who suffer from companion bullying to learn to resist, tell them the attackers are not so terrible.ConclusionIn schools, bullying occurs in all areas of school. It can occur in nearly any part in or around the school building, though it more often occurs in PE, hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and waiting for buses,classes that require group work and after school activities.The School Bullying Council is dedicated to educating students, parents, teachers, and administrators on the dangers of school bullying.A major goal of the research on bullying issues is to increase our understanding of the development and impact of bullying so that we can improve our school policies and practice that discourage bullying and help students deal with bullying in school.Bibliography:《Bullying at school》Olweus, D. (1993).《Arresting violence》Ross, P.N. (1998).《Children and Schools》《Arresting violence》Ross, P.N. (1998).School Bullying Council (SBC)Middle School Anti-Bullying ProgramOutlines1. Basic situation2. B ullying’s characteristics between stud ents3. The psychological analysis of stud ents’ bullying4. The hazards analysis among stud ents’ bullying5. The concrete measures to reduce stud ents’ bullying6. ConclusionPresentation:Bullying has been, and continues to be, a major problem for children.Bullying in school is an age-ol d problem and until recently. However, recent school violence cases highlight the serious and sometime d eadly consequences of bullying behavior.The consequences of bullying are significant both to the children who are the targets of bullying and those who do the bullying.Students who are severely and repeated bullied often do not want to go to school and become more lonely and isolated. Since bullying has become more intense and more aggressive may damage children’s self-esteem, causing emotional wound.It’s generally that students who like bullying others, his body quality is good. Such as tall, flexible motion. They have control others in s tudents’ group, bully who they don’t like. The reason that they tend to bully others has many aspects. Some young student's family life experience enables them to the hostile to the things around them. Some parents even encourage their children to bully others. Social competition pressure will cause some teenagers student's have psychological problems. Besides, physical driven also cause some teenagers bully.Many students dare not or unwilling to tell others what had happened after being bullied because of Fear of retaliation psychology and shortage of expression.Stud ents who are repeatedly bullied suffer serious physical harm and even d eath as well. Nearly half of all gay, bisexual or transgend er stud ents in U.S. mid dl e and high schools say they have been physically harassed; and about a quarter have been physically assaulted. The homophobic bullying in school also causes victims to kill themselves.There are some concrete measures to reduce stud ents’ bullying. First, the teacher shoul d observe carefully, l ook for the reasons, suit the method to the case. Teachers should communicate more with parents, parents shoul d avoid making stud ents suffered serious setbacks. Parents can't often use violence to stud ents. On the one hand, the teacher should d emonstrate personally, guid es the stud ent to distinguish the merits. On the other hand, pay attention to helping stud ents communicate with each other, provid e opportunities for cooperation, l ead stud ents to unity and friendship, enabl e stud ents to und erstand good things should share with others. encourage the stud ents who suffer from companion bullying to l earn to resist, tell them the attackers are not so terribl e.A major goal of the research on bullying issues is to increase our und erstanding of the d evelopment and impact of bullying so that we can improve our school policies and practice that discourage bullying and help stud ents d eal with bullying in school.Footnotes:1.Olweus is generally recognized as a pioneer and Founding Father ofresearch on bully/victim problems and as a world leading expert inthis area both by the research community and by the society at large(e.g., described with terms such as 'the world's leading authority' bythe British newspaper "The Times" and several other internationalnewspapers).2.Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at school: What we know and what wecan do. (Olweus, 1993) has been published in 15 differentlanguages. The leading position of Olweus is also documented bythe fact that he is, and has been for a number of years, the mostcited Norwegian/Scandinavian researcher in psychology andeducation according to several independent analyses of citationfrequency.3.Douglas, John, and Mark Olshaker. Obesession. New York: AlisaDrew Book, 1998.4.Herba, Catherine M. Victimisation and Suicide Ideation in the TRAILSStudy: Specific Vulherabilities of Victims. Journal compilation, 2008.5.Parks, J Peggy. School Violence. San Diego Reference Point Press,2009.6.Almond, Lucinda. School Violence. Detroit: Green haven Press,2007.7.BULLYING TODAY: A Report by the Office of the Children’sCommissioner UK, with Recommendations and Links to Practitioner Tools. Nov. 2006. (retrieved 12.12.2007)8.Almond, Lucinda. School Violence. Detroit: Green haven Press,2007.9.”Bullying Widespread in U.S. Schools, Study Finds”, NationalInstitutes of Health10.Horne, Arthur M, Jennifer L. Stoddard, Christorpher D. Bell. AParent’s Guide to Understanding and Responding to Bullying. Illinois: Research Press, 2008.。