高二英语现在分词做状语

高二英语现在分词做状语语法一：现在分词做状语现在分词（动词的ing 形式）做状语时，通常都表示主语正在进行的另一动作，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，且必须与句子的主语是逻辑上的主谓关系；动词的ing形式表示的动作是次要动作。

现在分词可以做时间，条件，结果，让步，方式等状语。

相当于相应的状语从句。

作时间，原因或条件时，通常位于主句前面，作方式，伴随或结果状语时，通常位于主句后面。

如果分词所表示的动作和谓语的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生，用现在分词的一般式。

如果分词动作明显在谓语动词之前发生，用现在分词的完成式。

（having done）,在作时间状语的分词前，可加连词while, when，介词after, before, on等。

一. 做伴随状语：分词等于and连接两个动词或分句。

1：The dog came in. It followed its master. =The dog came in, following its master.2：The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily.3：They stood there for an hour, watching the game.二.原因状语相当于as, since, because等引起的原因状语从句，常位于句首,句中或句末。

1. He was a brave man. He decided to return to France. = Being a brave man, he decided to return to France.2：Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.3：No t knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.4：Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital.5．Having worked among the peasants for many years, heknew them very well.6. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.三.时间状语，相当于when, while ,as 等引导的时间状语从句，常位于句首或句末。

1：First he returned to France. Then he was put into prison. =After he returned to France, he was put into prison. =Having returned to France, he was put into prison.2：Having arrived at the factory, they immediately set to work.Be careful when crossing the street. 3：Don’t mention this while talking to him.4：On arriving in London, he managed to get in touch with her.=As soon as he arrived in London.5: Having read the letter, she got very excited.四.条件状语，相当于一个if 等引导的条件状语从句，常位于句首。

1：Working hard, you will succeed.2. If I know anything about it, I will tell you all. =Knowing anything about it, I will tell you all.3.-I could go and get someone to bring the car.-No, thanks. I’ll be better if walking五：结果状语现在分词表示必然结果，前可加thus,不定式表意外的结果，前可加only。

1：Her husband died in 1942, leaving her with five children.2：The bus was held up by snowstorm, thus causing the delay.3：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch cold.六：让步状语：相当于although, though, even if, even though 引起的让步状语从句,常位于句首。

1. Although he had bought a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.=Buying a lot of books for the exam, he failed in it because of the learning method.2. Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.=knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.七.方式状语分词等于介词with引起的方式状语或and并列的两个谓语动词.1.Walking slowly,I approached （靠近）the little = By walking slowly, I approached the little window.window.2.He stood leaning against（靠在..上）the wall.=He stood and leaned against the wall.八：现在分词的完成式指分词所表示的动作发生在主句中谓语动词之前，若分词所表示的动作与主语之间是主谓关系，则用having done, 若是动宾（被动）关系，则用having been done.1；Having worked in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.2: Having been translated into several languages, the book became famous all over the world.3:Having finished his homework, he went to bed.4: Having lived in New York for years, I know each part of it very well.九：现在分词独立成分的特殊使用：generally speaking:一般来讲，frankly speaking : 坦白地说。

exactly speaking,严密地讲，正确地说。

judging from / by…,从….可以判断出来。

considering ….考虑到…1: Generally speaking, girls are more interested in literature than boys.2: Judging from her accent, she must come from Arabian countries.十：现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

(1）现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。

1. He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后将门随手关上。

2. Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。

(2）过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系.1. Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。

2. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.语法二：动词不定式和动名词做宾语的区别。

一：．通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：agree (同意)；offer (提出)；intend，plan (打算，计划)；demand，ask (要求)；promise (答应)；help (帮忙)；prepare (准备)；decide (决定)；refuse (拒绝)；choose (选择,决定)；wish，hope，want，expect (希望，想要)；fail （不能；忘记）；pretend (假装)；manage (设法)；determine （决心）afford（买得起，但付得起），arrange(安排，准备)，aim(以..为目标，目的)，beg(恳求，祈求)，claim(声称)，happen(碰巧，恰巧发生了某事)，seem, hesitate(犹豫不决)。

同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。

准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。

不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心假。

恳求安排买得起。

恰巧似乎声称目的不犹豫。

1: He agreed to apologize to me.2. She offered to help me.3. We intend to get in touch with you through Email.4. He demands to be prized.5. She pretended not to see me when I came in.6. She demands to live alone.7. He promised to keep in touch with me.8. My sister helped me to finish / finish my homework.9. He prepared himself to accept failure.10. He decide to tidy my house.11. The hostess refused to invite her.12. He failed to pass the examination through carelessness.13. He chose not to go home until later.14. She expects to fail the exam.15. The cat manages to pat something invisible.16.They claim to have discovered a cure for the disease.17.We happened to be in the neighbourhood.18.He hesitated to take such a big risk.19.He seems (to be) quite happy.二; 通常只能接动名词做宾语的动词：admit,consider,suggest/advise，承认考虑建议avoid,delay/ put off,practise避免推迟练习allow/permit,finish,appreciate允许完成感激forbid,mind,imagine禁止介意想象escape, quit/give up,enjoy逃避放弃喜欢deny, risk, miss否认冒险错过can’t help, look forward to,禁不住盼望反对stick to, lead to, ，can’t stand,be accustomed to/ get/be used to,pay attention to坚持导致忍受习惯1. I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.She admitted having done wrong.2. I consider reading this series of books written by Luxun.3. The teacher suggested not violating classmates’ personal matters.4. He advises coming up to here..5. He always avoids talking to me.6. He delays / put off give a large amount of moner to me.7. We are practicing writing letters.8. We permit / allow you writing here.9. I have finished reading this book.10. The doctor forbids him smoking and drinking.11. Would you mind my opening the window?12. Can you imagine him becoming famous as an actor?13. He always escapes coming bake home.14. My father has quit smoking15. Do you enjoy teaching?16. He denied having seen these watches before.17. He risked getting caught in a storm yesterday.他昨天冒遭遇风暴之险。