翻译内容 泵站 --Characteristics of technology and the basic parameters of the process equipment
基于模型试验的泵站进水前池优化和特性研究
文章编号:1006 2610(2023)03 0082 06基于模型试验的泵站进水前池优化和特性研究胥维纤1,张晓斐2,孙 斌3(1.中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,西安 710065;2.西安曲江渼陂湖投资建设有限公司,西安 710300;3.郑州大学黄河实验室(郑州大学),郑州 450001)摘 要:为研究南水北调支线工程安和泵站进水前池体型参数优化,采用水工模型试验对比的方法,对不同入池流量工况的泵站前池体型参数开展了水力特性研究㊂模型试验结果表明:前池体型参数不会影响池内断面水位分布变化,但会影响流速分布特征;池长体型参数愈大,则池内水位与流速均愈低,且影响效应均在池长25m后减弱,池长10~20m与25~35m方案下断面均速分布为1.1~1.74m/s㊁0.855~0.9m/s㊂在池长体型参数超过20m 后,挡水闸门面板时均压强峰值为测点5号,入池流量变化,时均压强与体型参数关系并不改变,体型参数愈大,则压强愈低,且以池长体型参数10~20m降幅最显著㊂研究认为泵站前池体型参数为20~25m最适宜㊂关键词:模型试验;泵站;体型参数;水力特性中图分类号:TV68;TV131 文献标志码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-2610.2023.03.015Study on Hydraulic Characteristics of Pumping Station Intake Forebay underShape Optimization based on Hydraulic Model TestXU Weixian1,ZHANG Xiaofei2,SUN Bin3(1.PowerChina Northwest Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710065,China;2.Xi'an Qujiang Meipi Lake Investment and ConstructionCo.,Ltd.,Xi'an 710300,China;3.Yellow River Laboratory,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China) Abstract:In order to study the optimization of the shape parameters of the intake forebay of the Anhe pumping station in the South-to-North Water Diversion Branch Project,the hydraulic characteristics of the shape parameters of the pump station forebay under different in⁃flow conditions are studied by using the method of hydraulic model test and comparison.According to the model test result,the shape pa⁃rameters of the forebay will not affect the water level distribution of the cross-section in the forebay,but will affect the flow velocity distri⁃bution characteristics;The larger the shape parameter of the forebay length is,the lower the water level and flow velocity in the forebay are,and the influence effect is weakened after the forebay length is over25m.The average velocity distribution of the section under the forebay length of10~20m and25~35m is1.1~1.74m/s and0.855~0.9m/s.After the shape parameter of the forebay length ex⁃ceeds20m,the peak value of the hourly mean pressure at the gate panel of the water retaining gate is measured at the measuring point No.5,and the relationship between the hourly mean pressure and the shape parameter does not change when the flow into the forebay fluctuates.The larger the shape parameter is,the lower the pressure is,and the drop of pressure under the shape parameter of the forebay length of10~20m is the highest.It is considered that the shape parameter of the forebay of the pump station is20~25m.Key words:model test;pump station;shape parameters;hydraulic characteristics 收稿日期:2023-03-20 作者简介:胥维纤(1983-),女,山东省济南市人,高级工程师,主要从事水利工程㊁水环境工程设计工作. 基金项目:中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M722881);农业农村部节水灌溉工程重点实验室开放课题(FIRI2021020201);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(22A570009);河南省自然科学基金面上项目(232300421199).0 前 言各类水工建筑在设计建造之初,都会开展设计方案的优化,期以能提高水工结构安全稳定性,并促进结构体型设计的最优化[1-2]㊂泵站结构体型参数较复杂,涉及宏观体型与附属结构构件较多[3],优化设计方案,有利于提高泵站运行效率㊂刘爽[4]㊁徐存东等[5]考虑水工建筑的水力特性问题,采用28胥维纤,张晓斐,孙斌.基于模型试验的泵站进水前池优化和特性研究===============================================Fluent 平台模拟溢洪道㊁泵站等工程渗流场状态,对流场水力参数开展方案对比,从而判断最优方案可行性㊂不仅于此,水工模型试验方法同样在方案优化设计中应用较多,吉庆伟等[6]㊁秦钟建等[7]建立起了泵站的水工模型,并通过更改不同体型设计方案,对模型试验结果所获得参数展开对比分析,从而宏观上获得最利于结构流场安全的设计方案㊂综合以上研究成果可知,前池宏观体型设计具有较大优化空间㊂因此,本文采用多元化㊁综合性试验手段,依托南水北调支线工程安和泵站进水前池体型参数优化,采用水工模型试验对比的方法,对不同入池流量工况的泵站前池体型参数开展了水力特性研究,提出前池体型优化特征,为提高前池结构运营水平提供借鉴㊂1 试验概况1.1 工程介绍为提高南水北调工程北线工程的输调水效率,计划在襄阳以北新建安和泵站枢纽,确保北线各水源输水调度,同时也保障区域内洪涝调节㊁农业灌溉,有效支撑地区用水安全㊂安和泵站主厂房尺寸为32.5m×24.5m×33.8m(长×宽×高),枢纽计划装机超过7万kW,上游水库调节水位为15~30m,泵站最大高程可达510.00m,峰㊁谷值扬程分别为4.5㊁2.2m,设计净扬程为5.2m,泵站几何平面布置如图1(a)所示,主轴宽度为4.6m,前池口体型呈 三角平面”,共有3个拦污栅闸,间距为1m,图1(b)为在泵站竣工后智慧水利仿真模型㊂进水口分为了引水渠段与渐变段,主要是为了削弱水势㊁降低泥沙含量,提高进入前池中水流稳定性,前池口最宽处为1.8m,池内设置有底坎㊁隔墩等构件,降低动水势能对下游集水室渗流场影响㊂经3a 水文数据运营模拟,最大泥沙淤积厚度可达0.6m,泥沙含量达4kg /m 3,前池内流态㊁流线分布不佳,进流不畅㊂为此,设计部门考虑对泵站前池宏观体型进行优化,期以提高前池渗流与水力特征,从而降低池内非稳定流体㊂图1 泵站前池模型 单位:mm1.2 试验设计在考虑安和泵站宏观体型的前提下,在室内复制泵站各部分结构,特别是对进水前池结构进行原型复制,图3为模型试验各模块设计包括了可循环回收水箱㊁下游尾水渠以及回水渠作为集水室模拟模块,而模型前池上游采用闸阀设施模拟挡水闸门开度控制,试验方案的对比段均集中在模型前池段,图4为所建立的实际水工模型,全模型主轴范围长为50m,宽度为4m,在安和泵站实际运营工况的前提下,对前池进水口宏观体型特征开展对比研究㊂图2 模型试验模块设计38西北水电㊃2023年㊃第3期===============================================图3 水工模型试验设计 为确保水工模型试验结果可靠性,模型各模块糙率设定为0.017,按照比尺1.852进行糙率系数换算,各部分挡水构件均为刚性材料,视为非透水边界,试验中模型几何比尺为50,流速比尺㊁流量比尺以及时间比尺参数均按照相似理论计算,分别设定为7.2㊁17520㊁7.2,前池上㊁下游挡水闸门尺寸为0.5m×0.5m(长×宽),底缘为后倾45°,池内底坎高度为15cm㊂试验中,按照襄北地区常年径流量状态,最大过流量设计为200m 3/s,模型中水位限值为24.5cm,浸润线湿周为6.58m,过流面水力半径㊁面积分别为1.25m㊁5.1m 2,试验雷诺数低于2000,满足水工模型试验要求[8]㊂不仅于此,水工模型不仅需要贴合实际工程,同样还需要布置各类监测设备,才能对模型试验过程中各类水力参数开展分析,所有监测设备最大误差控制在0.1%㊂图5(a)为试验动水泵机装置与流量计设备,可控制流量以及进行量化分配,单㊁双泵均可方便控制,水流且不会受之影响,图5(b)为进水前池全断面上分布的流速㊁水位监测示意,共有15个监测断面,断面间距为0.5m,各断面测点处分别布设有智能回传流速仪与水位仪,每个断面测点处布置有四探头,可对水体各层同时测量数据,并回传标定误差后监测值㊂前池上㊁下游各设有2个闸门设施,分别在闸门面板上布设有压强监测点,如图4(c)所示,各监测点间高度差为40cm,由前池面板压强监测结果分析进水池内水流特性㊂图4 模型试验监测断面 单位:cm 作为模型试验优化对象,前池池长乃是宏观体型参数,在保证池长不超过池宽模型10倍的原则下,池长设计为10㊁15㊁20㊁25㊁30㊁35m 共7个方案,此参数为进行几何比尺换算后设计方案㊂进水口流量工况分别设置为100㊁150m 3/s,由不同池长体型方案下试验监测结果,评价前池水力参数影响变化㊂2摇前池体型优化下流态特征基于不同入池流量下前池水位监测,获得了各池长方案下水位变化特征,如图5所示㊂观察图5中水位变化可知,不论入池流量为何值,改变前池长度体型参数,均不会影响池内各监测断面水位变化特征,峰㊁谷值水位所在断面恒定,流量100㊁150m 3/s 均分别位于断面5.5㊁3m㊂分析可知,同一入48胥维纤,张晓斐,孙斌.基于模型试验的泵站进水前池优化和特性研究===============================================池流量下,前池长度设计参数改变,池内水位仍会保持相同的变化趋势,在固定区域具有较大水位,从池口至水位谷值断面,水位持续下降,此与进水口水势能在较短时间内由 窄闭空间”流通至 宽广”池内后,水位呈逐步下降,后在随入池口水体增加,水位也逐步增长至峰值㊂从水位量值水平对比可知,当池长体型参数愈大,则水位愈低,在流量100m3/s工况中,池长10㊁20m时峰值水位分别为47.3㊁36.4cm,而池长15㊁25㊁35m峰值水位相比池长10m下分别减少了38.9%㊁54.5%㊁58.1%,随池长每递增5m,则池内水位平均减少了15.8%,当流量增大至150m3/s 后,随池长参数梯次变化,池内峰值水位平均下降了21.6%㊂对比之下可知,增大前池体型,可减少水位,且流量愈大,水位受池长体型参数影响愈敏感㊂从全断面水位均值对比也可知,流量100m3/s下池长10㊁15㊁20m下断面平均水位分别为33.8㊁26㊁20.7cm,而在池长25m后梯次变化过程中,断面平均水位增幅依次为10.5%㊁8%;同样的,当流量为150m3/s时,池长10㊁15㊁20m下谷值水位分别为31.7㊁23.5㊁18.1cm,在池长25~35m三个方案梯次间,谷值水位的降幅依次为15.2%㊁12.6%,此幅度显著低于前者池长10~20m方案㊂相比之下,池长体型参数对池内水位影响呈逐渐下降态势,特别是在池长25m后,断面平均水位降幅较小㊂综合可知,约束池长体型参数,可降低池内水位线,但池长参数的作用影响性并不是具有持续性显著效果[9],会在池长25m后减弱㊂图5 池内水位线高度特征3 前池体型优化下水力特性3.1 流速特征由模型试验监测数据处理,获得了池内渗流场流速特征如图6所示㊂分析图6可知,不同池长体型方案下,断面测点流速变化趋势有很大差异,部分池长体型方案内断面流速呈 先增后减”变化,如池长20㊁25m;而有的方案内断面流速呈 先增后减再增”的双增特征变化,如池长10㊁15m;也有个别方案断面流速呈 先增后减至稳定”变化,如池长30㊁35m㊂从断面流速变化可知,不同池长体型方案,断面流速变化趋势差异性明显,峰㊁谷值流速所在断面各有区别㊂但对比同一体型下㊁不同流量工况中,断面测点流速变化特征仍为一致性㊂池长体型参数不仅会影响断面流速变化趋势,也作用于流速水平,在流量100m3/s下池长10m 时,池内峰值流速为2.04m/s,随池长每梯次变化5 m,其峰值流速分布为1.19~2.04m/s,平均降幅为10.1%,当流量为150m3/s时,同样增大池长参数,流速水平减少,其平均降幅为13.4%㊂在峰值流速对比中,池长体型参数愈大,断面监测流速水平愈小,但在池长10~20m方案间对比下,整体流速变化显著高于池长25~35m,流量100m3/s下,池长10~20m方案断面均速分布为1.1~1.74m/s,降幅可达36.8%,而池长25~35m内均速分别为0.9㊁0.87㊁0.855m/s,流速变化不及前者池长区间方案㊂58西北水电㊃2023年㊃第3期===============================================图6 池内断面测点流速变化特征3.2 压强特征水面线㊁流速特征均是前池内水力特性,而改变池长体型参数,池口挡水闸门渗流状态也值得研究,图7为前池末端挡水闸门面板上时均压强变化特征㊂从图7中压强变化可知,不同池长体型方案下,压强变化呈显著差异,当池长不超过20m时,面板时均压强呈 陡增-缓增-稳定”变化,第一阶段陡增仅持续在测点2号,峰值压强位于7号测点;而在池长为25~35m时,面板压强呈 先增后减”变化,峰值压强位于测点5号㊂虽入池流量变化,但池长体型参数对面板时均压强变化趋势影响保持一致㊂从两流量工况下压强对比可知,同一体型方案下压强变化趋势一致,但量值水平会有显著差异:池长10m时,入池流量100㊁150m3/s两者峰值压强分别为1466.7㊁1826Pa,而池长15㊁25m时,两流量工况中峰值压强的差幅分别为22.4%㊁31.5%,相比之下,池长参数愈大,则不同入池流量间压强水平差异增大㊂另一方面,在同一流量工况中,池长愈大,面板时均压强愈小,流量100m3/s中池长15m面板峰值时均压强为1350Pa,在池长递增过程中,其峰值时均压强方案间平均减少了108.7Pa,降幅特别集中在池长10~20m,总体峰值时均压强降低可达8.7%㊂分析认为,挡水闸门面板时均压强会受池长体型参数影响,池长体型参数不应过大,可达到降低水力势能㊁削弱水冲压强即可[10-11],从体型优化考虑,池长为20~25m最契合安和泵站工程设计㊂图7 挡水闸门面板时均压强变化特征4 结 论(1)前池体型参数不会改变池内水位分布变化特征,峰㊁谷值水位分别位于断面5.5㊁3m;体型参数愈大,水位愈低,流量100㊁150m3/s工况中池内峰值水位随体型参数梯次变化,分别具有平均降低了15.8%㊁21.6%,但降幅会在池长参数25m后逐渐减小㊂68胥维纤,张晓斐,孙斌.基于模型试验的泵站进水前池优化和特性研究===============================================(2)当前池体型参数变化,池内断面流速分布变化各有差异,但流量增大,并不会影响同一体型方案下断面流速分布变化趋势;池长参数愈大,流速愈低,且在池长25m 后流速受体型参数影响较弱,池长10~20m 与25~35m 方案下断面均速分布为1.1~1.74m /s㊁0.855~0.9m /s,而在前者区间内降幅可达36.8%㊂(3)前池体型参数为25~35m 时,闸门面板时均压强呈先增后减变化,峰值压强为测点5号,即使入池流量变化,但时均压强受体型参数影响保持一致;池长参数愈大,面板时均压强愈小,降幅集中在池长10~20m㊂(4)结合前池水力特性分析,池长体型参数为20~25m 最契合㊂参考文献:[1] 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(上接第75页) 对于M-15三级配碾压混凝土:Y =18.3449t /(2.2949+t )相关系数r =0.9959从绝热温升试验结果可见,二级配碾压混凝土的绝热温升速度高于三级配碾压混凝土的绝热温升速度㊂可见水泥用量越多,粉煤灰掺量越少,绝热温升速率越快,绝热温升温度越高㊂5 结 语马渡河水利水电枢纽工程试验所用集料岩性较为特殊,大坝坝区周围及初设中的料场,均为二迭系下统栖霞组岩石,岩性呈深灰色,间或夹有马鞍组岩石,呈黑色,质地较为松散及破碎㊂混凝土配合比设计试验经大量的试拌和调整后,形成结论如下:(1)配合比设计应依据原材料的性能及现场实际情况进行,严格按照规范要求通过试验确定配合比的各项参数,并选取最优参数开展配合比设计试验㊂(2)二迭系下统栖霞组岩石骨料岩性不但影响混凝土配合比参数,而且影响混凝土的强度结果值㊂经对混凝土90d 抗压强度结果进行对比,二迭系下统栖霞组岩石骨料岩性混凝土抗压强度值降低(18±5)%左右㊂(3)混凝土的干缩试验和体积变形试验结果均呈收缩趋势,经与景洪水电站碾压混凝土自生体积变形结果进行比较,二迭系下统栖霞组岩石骨料岩性混凝土自生体积变形90d 检测数据与景洪水电站岩性混凝土自生体积变形试验检测结果相差70×10-6左右,可见不同岩性骨料混凝土配合比体积变形规律各不相同㊂本次试验结果为马渡河混凝土配合比提供了非常有利的技术支持,解决了马渡河水电站碾压混凝土施工配合比的适用性㊂参考文献:[1] 中华人民共和国水利部.水工碾压混凝土施工规范:DL /T 5112-2021[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2000.[2] 中华人民共和国水利部.水工碾压混凝土试验规程:SL 48-94[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1994.[3] 中华人民共和国水利部.水工混凝土试验规程:DL /T 5150-2001[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2001.[4] 张波,王金辉,汪世民.莲花台水电站大坝碾压混凝土质量控制及检测[J].西北水电,2020(S2):68-73.[5] 胡安平,潘立银,郝毅,等.四川盆地二叠系栖霞组㊁茅坪组白云岩储层特征㊁成因和分布[J].海相油气地质,2018,23(02):39-52.[6] 蒋娟梅.原材料对马渡河电站大坝混凝土配合比的影响及分析[J].陕西水利,2014(02):68-70.[7] 蒋娟梅.景洪水电站混凝土变形性能及热学性能研究[J].西北水电,2009(04):36-39.[8] 蔡胜华,孙明伦,王海生,王晓军.石粉对碾压混凝土性能的影响[J].长江科学院院报,2007,24(05):76-78.78西北水电㊃2023年㊃第3期===============================================。
水利水电英语课文翻译
水利水电英语课文翻译水利水电英语课文翻译课文翻译需要掌握一定的词汇和技巧，当然英语课文翻译可以帮助提高学生的英语水平。
以下是店铺整理的水利水电英语课文翻译，欢迎阅读。
水利水电英语课文翻译1：Lesson 1 importance of water 水的重要性Water is best known and most abundant of all chemical compounds occurring in relatively pure form on the earth‘s surface. Oxygen, the most abundant chemical element, is present in combination with hydrogen to the extent of 89 percent in water. Water covers about three fourths of the earth's surface and permeates cracks of much solid land. The Polar Regions are overlaid with vast quantities of ice, and the atmosphere of the earth carries water vapor in quantities from 0.1 percent to 2 percent by weight. It has been estimated that the amount of water in the atmosphere above a square mile of land on a mild summer day is of the order of 50,000 tons.在地球表面以相对纯的形式存在的一切化合物中，水是人们最熟悉的、最丰富的一种化合物。
核工程与核技术专业英语
Auxiliary 辅助的，备用的Blowdown 冷却管突然爆裂，排污管 Compress 压缩，精简Instrument仪器，乐器，工具，仪表 Component组件，部件，成分，设备 Condensate 凝结水，冷凝水，凝结 Condenser凝气器Feed 补给Removal除去，拆除，取出 Containment 安全壳Polishing抛光，磨光，清洗Volume容积；卷，册，书卷；音量，响度 Diverse不同的；多种多样的；变化的 Circulating循环的 ；流动的Actuation动作，驱动，开动，刺激 Processing处理，加工；调整，搬运 Standby备用的人或物，待命Diesel柴油机，内燃机Boiler锅炉，烧水器Storm drain暴雨水沟；暴雨下水道；雨水道Drain 耗尽；排水沟，排水管，下水道 Demineralize去除矿物质，软化，除盐；脱矿Non-class非安全Process过程Trace跟踪，追踪，痕迹Plant工厂，发电厂Cathodic阴极的，负极的；阴极保护 Feedwater给水Startup启动，启动选项Gland填料压盖Seal密封，阀座，密封面Generator发电机，信号发生器Heater 加热器Incore堆内；核心Lub oil润滑油，润滑剂Meteorology气象学，气象Monitoring监控，监测，监听，追踪 Mechanical handling 机械搬运，机械装卸 Operation操作，运行，运转Passive被动的，无源的，非能动的 Sampling抽样，取样 ，采样Potable可以喝的，适合饮用的 Coolant冷却剂，冷却液Roof屋顶，顶部Roof drain屋顶排水，屋顶排水口 Radiation 辐射，放射Residual剩余的，残余的Raw生的，原始的，天然的，未经处理过的 Sanitary卫生的，清洁的，保健的 Sanitary drainage 生活污水排放系统 Drainage 排水，放水；排水系统；下水道 Spent 消耗的，用过的，废的，好近的 Spent fuel乏燃料Seismic地震的，有关地震的Secondary 二回路Vent排气，通气，泄放Relief解除，减轻，排放Diognostic诊断的，判断的ventilation 通风，换气，通风设备 recirculation再循环habitability可居住，适居住性filtration过滤，筛选hydrogen氢气pump house泵房radwaste 放射性废物radwaste building废物厂房leak泄漏chilled以经冷却的annex附属物，附件，附属建筑gasous气体的，气态的，瓦斯的 transmission传输，传送，传递 switchyard户外配电装置offsite 厂区外的，装置外的onsite 现场，厂内excitation励磁，激发voltage电压，载波电压regulation整顿，调节，管理核物理基本概念ion离子system international 国际单位制 molecule分子atom原子，威力 ，原子能nucleus原子核，核心，核子coulomb库伦electron电子proton质子neutron中子defect缺损，缺陷binding 粘合，绑定nucleon核子kinetic动力的，运动的indentity 个性，特性potential潜在的，势的positively带正电的jump跃迁negatively负的，负电性的repulsion排斥，斥力；反感uncharted不带电的neutal中立的，中性的periodic table周期表bombardment轰击，轰炸emission排放，放射，发射atomic number原子序数mass number质量数energy level能级orbital 轨道，轨道的fission分裂，裂变；裂变增值isotope同位素fussion聚变occur发生，出现decay衰退，衰减，腐败，衰变artificial人工的，人造的，虚假的，人为地barium钡bond 连接，接合，键boron硼compound复合物，混合物，化合物 bismuth铋superscript上标，上角标subscript下标uranium铀plutonium钚oxygen氧气thorium钍lithium锂deuterium氘，重氢sodium钠reaction反应、tritium氚，超重氢 carbon碳helium氦，氦气transuranium铀后的，超铀的 radioactive放射性的fissionable可裂变的mean平均数，平均值weighted加权的，加权平均fissile易裂变fragment碎片，断片momentum动量macroscopic宏观的，肉眼可见的 microscopic微观的，显微的，精微的 electromagnetic电磁mesoscopic介观的electrostatic静电的，静电学的放射性Cosmic宇宙射线Inversel相反的Proportional成比例的Ionization电离Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射Inhale吸入，吸气Photon光子，光量子Scattering散射Shielding屏蔽Collision碰撞，冲突Positron正电子Aluminum铝Accelerator加速器Beryllium铍Annihilation湮灭，淹没 Interaction相互作用 Photoelectric光电的Effect效应，效用Ingest摄取，吞下核反应Attenuation衰减Recoil反冲，弹回Amplification放大Cadmium镉Transmutation转变，嬗变Cobalt钴Diffusion扩散Nitrogen氮气Mercury汞flux通量elastic弹性的neutrino中微子inelastic非弹性的radioisotope同位素section截面thermonuclear热核反应核材料Pellet燃料芯块Moderator慢化剂，减速剂Cladding覆层，包层，包壳Rod杆，棒Sublime升华Boric acid硼酸Chromium铬Swelling膨胀，肿胀，隆起Hafnium铪Burnup 燃耗，烧完Gadolinium钆Alloy合金Indium铟Magnox镁诺克斯合金Magnesium镁Zircloy 锆合金Nickel镍Compound合成，复合物，混合物，化合物 Zirconium锆Silicon硅Fission fragment裂变产物Graphite石墨Posion毒液，阴离子Pressing模制，压制Sintering烧结，溶结Oxidize氧化，使生锈Crack开裂，破裂Dioxide二氧化碳Fertile多产的，富饶的，可繁殖的 Hedrocarbon碳氢化合物Breeding增殖，再生Ratio比率，比例 Enriched浓缩的，富集的，强化的 Thermal热的，热量的Conductivity传导率，传导性Specific特有的，专门的，比的 Viscosity粘稠，粘性，粘度Saturation饱和，饱和度，饱和状态Flux通量，流动Shaping修整的，外形塑造Sustaining支持的，持续的Self-sustaining chain reaction自持链式反应Fast Neutron快中子Fuel cycle燃料循环Hexafluxride六氟化铀Critical临界的，极限的Centrifuge离心机Supercitical超临界Gaseous气体的，气态的Siffusion扩散Criticality临界（a）Refuel换料Critical size 临界尺寸Resonance共振，共鸣Elastic有弹性的，灵活的Core堆芯，活性区Facor系数，因子，因素Thermal utilization factor热中子利用系数 Blanket再生区、Slow down慢化Permeable可渗透的Membrane膜，薄膜Spin转转，偏转Depleted废弃的，贫化的Multiplication增殖，增加，乘法 Pressurized waterreactor压水反应堆，压水堆Margin裕度，边缘Moisture水汽，湿气Inservice inspection在役检查Steam dryer干燥器Internal内部的，里面的Fuel pellet燃料芯块Pressurizer加压器，稳压器Vessel导管，容器Reactor vassel.pressure vassel压力容器 Surge波浪，浪涌，涌Surge line波动管Sectional断面的，剖面的Sectional view剖视图Shim薄垫片Chemical shim control 化学补偿控制Pit坑，洞，深坑Reactor pit堆坑Element元素，元件Assembly组件Airtight密封的，不透气的 Mechanism机械装置，机构Nozzle喷嘴，管口，接管Seed点火区Plate板块，平板Utility用户，业主，业界Fuel assembly燃料组件Vendor卖主，供货商Inlet进口，入口Outlet出口Multiple多重的，多样的Barrier栅栏，屏障，障碍Barrel桶Core barrel堆芯吊篮Burnable absorber可燃吸收体 Redundancy多余，过多，冗长，冗余度 Diversity多样性Shell壳，外壳，壳体Steam line 蒸汽管线Contain包容Reactivity反应性Insert插入，嵌入Reactivity insertion反应性引入 Concentration浓度，浓缩，集中Load负荷，转载，负荷量Dilution稀释，摊薄Buildup累积，形成In-core detector system堆内测量系统 Self-powerd neutron detector 自给能中子探测器Axial power distribution轴向功率分布 Axial 轴的，轴向的Conditioning调节，调整 Distribution分布，分配Azimuthal方位的，方位角的Tilt倾斜，倾斜度Trip跳闸，错误，旅行Reactor trip反应堆紧急停堆Turbine trip气机脱扣Departure离开，出发，启程，背离，违反 Departure from nucleate boiling偏离泡核沸腾Nucleate成核的，有核的，具核的 Reliability可信度，可靠性Forging锻造Ring-forging环锻件Velocity速度，速率Surveillance监视，监督Specimen样品，抽样Bypass旁路，绕道，避开Mount安装，支架Phosphorous磷Austenitic奥氏体的Sulfur硫磺，硫Stainless不锈的Stainless steel 不锈钢Weld焊接Flange法兰，凸缘Threshold临界值，限值，阈值 Thermalcouple热电偶Engage接合，啮合，对位Nil零，无，零分Ductility延展性，延伸性Transition转变，转移，过度Nil-ductility transition temperature零延性转变温度Tapered逐渐变细的Fluence通量，注量率，影响Dome圆屋顶，像圆屋顶一样的东西 Integrated集成的，整合的，整体的 Shroud覆盖物，遮盖物，围板Burnable absorber rod 可燃吸收棒 Californium锎Creep潜变，蠕变Indium铟Lattice格子，框架，栅格Ceramic陶瓷的，陶器的Clearance间隙看，空隙Plug塞子，栓，阻力塞Contaminate污染，玷污Reactivity worth反应性价值Grid网格，格子，栅格Specific power比功率Inconel因科镍合金，镍铬合金 Antimony锑Inherent固有的，内在的，与生俱来的 Inherent safty固有安全性Cadmium镉Passive safety非能动安全Active 主动的，活动的Active safty能动安全Spider星形架Sleeve套管，套筒Spacer隔离物Spacer grid定位格架U-tube steam generator U型管蒸汽发生器 Rated 额定的，规定的Reted load额定负荷Azinuthal方位角的，方位的Clearance间隙Amplification放大，扩大，扩增Flux-shaping通量展平Effluent废水，流出物，污水 Radioactive effluent放射性流出物 Inelastic无弹性的，非弹性的Diffusion扩散，传播Head头，封头Mount安装，装Elastic弹性的Crust地壳，面包皮Seed点火区Electromagnetic radiation电磁辐射 Electric.cable电缆Forging锻造Emit发出，射出Flange法兰Be.inversely.proportional.to反比于 Proportional比例的，成比例的Recoil反冲，弹回Orbital轨道，轨道的Enthalpy焓 Weld焊，焊接Alloy合金Valence价，化合价Chemical.identity化学性质Annular环形的Activation product活化产物Delayed慢性的American nuclear society美国核学会 Excite激发，励磁American society of mechanical engineer 美国机械工程师协会Quench急速冷却，淬火Magenesium镁Magnox镁诺克斯合金Heatup加热，升温Friction摩擦，冲突Surveillance监视，监督管理Diverging渐扩的，发散的Wear磨损，损耗Converging收敛的，汇聚的，渐缩的 Concentration浓度，含量，浓缩 Repulsion排斥，厌恶，反感，斥力 Electrostatic静电的，电的Rupture断裂，破裂Sectional断面的，剖面的，部分的 Airtight气密的，密封的Gaseous气体的，气态的Gaseous diffusion process气体扩散工艺 Weighting factor权重因子Thermal shock热冲击Centrifuge离心机，使分离Centrifuge process离心工艺 Superscript上标Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射Hexafluoride六氟化物Uranium hexafluoride六氟化铀Entropy熵，平均信息量Sintering烧结，熔结Sublime升华Dome圆屋顶，圆顶Jump跃迁Service factor使用因子Blanket再生区Manually手动的，手工的Inservice.inspection在役检查 Attenuation衰减，减少Carbide 碳化物Steam line蒸汽管线Ceramic陶瓷的，陶器的Positron正电子Manufacturer制造商Confidence置信度，信心Thrust推力，推动力Neutrino中微子Swelling肿胀Out of service退役的Microscopic微观的，显微的Shroud围板Axial power distribution轴向功率分布 Draw a pressure steam bubble稳压器汽空间建立Tapered逐渐变细的，锥形的，渐缩的 Fouling污垢，结垢Contaminate污染，弄脏，玷污Self-powered neutron detector自给能中子探测器Inhale吸入，吸气Suction吸入口Plug阻力塞，塞子Dilution稀释Signal conditioning信号调理Quality质量，品质，蒸汽干度Spin旋转，偏转Annihilation湮灭Oxidize氧化，使生锈Specimen样品，式样，标本Blade,vane叶片，叶栅，轮叶Sump集水坑，污水坑Containment sump安全壳地坑Safety injection pump安注泵Primary outlet nozzle一次初接管 Primary inlet plenum一次进水室 Primary coolant一次冷却剂Cladding包壳，包层，覆层Saturation饱和，饱和度Threshold阈值，临界值Ductility延展性，柔软性，韧性Nil无，零，零分 Transition转变，转移，过度Nil-ductility transition trmperature零延性转变温度Vender，supplier卖主，供应商Full power(FP)满功率Moserater减速剂Revolution旋转，改革，革命Rpm=revolutions per minute转每分Rps=revolutions per second转没秒 Gland steam system密封蒸汽系统 Blowdown喷放，排污，突然爆裂 Departure离开，偏离Departure from nucleate boiling偏离泡核沸腾Depleted废弃的，贫化的Depleted uranium贫化铀Mean平均值，平均数Mean free path平均自由程Pneumatic气动的，风动的Pneumatic valve气动阀Turbine driven feedwater pump气动给水泵Turbine trip气机脱扣（甩负荷） Turbine generater汽轮发电机Latent潜伏的，潜在的Latent heat 潜热Chernobyl accident切尔诺贝利事故 Thermocouple热电偶，温差电偶 Thermal reactor热中子反应堆Thermalneutron热中子Redunda ncy过多，过度，冗余，冗余度 Conponent部件，元件，设备Graphite石墨Prompt瞬间的，临界的Prompt neutron瞬发中子Outrage停堆，停堆期Flow restrictor限流器Accumulater储压器，蓄压箱Fissile易裂变的Cosmic ray宇宙射线Reinforced加强的，加固的Margin边缘，裕度Prime mover原动力，发动者Nucleus原子核Nuclei原子核Boost pressure增压Booster pressure增压泵Breeding增殖Breeding ratio增殖比Fertile可繁殖的，可增殖的Fertile material增殖材料Lattice格子，框架Viscosity粘性，粘度Mega electron-volt兆电子伏Deflection折射Occupational exposure职业照射Non-return valve止回阀Mass defect质量亏损Defect欠缺，亏损Deuterium氘，重氢Transuranium超铀的，铀后面的 Transuranium element超铀元素Uranium carbide碳化铀Actinide锕系元素Fertile isotope增殖同位素Fusion融合，聚变，核聚变Cross section横截面，断面Fissile易裂变的Canadian deuterium and uranium reactor 加拿大重水铀反应堆British gas-cooled magnox reactor英国气冷堆High temperature gas cooled reactor高温气冷堆Reactor pressure vessel反应堆压力容器 Up closure head上封头Hydraulic水力的，液压的Hydraulic stud tensioner液压螺栓拉伸机（张紧机）Xenon氙Fast breeder reactor快中子增殖堆 Advanced reactor先进反应堆European pressurized water reactor(EPR) Control element assembly控制棒组件（CEA）Control element drive mechanism控制棒驱动机构（CEDM）Barrel吊篮，桶 Reactor vassel internals反应堆内构件 Swelling肿胀，浮肿Corrode腐蚀，浸蚀Integrity完整，完全，完整性Reactor coolant pump 反应堆主泵（RCP） Shaft轴，传动轴Seal密封，封住Shaft seal pump轴封泵Nuclear steam supply system核蒸汽供应系统（NSSS）Primary system一回路系统Pressurizer稳压器（PRZ）Surge line波动管Feed regulating valve给水调节阀 Steam generater(SG)蒸汽发生器Main steam line(MSL)主蒸汽管Moisture separater reheater(MSR)汽水分离再热器（normal/abnormal）operating condition 运行工况Operater操纵员Maintenance维护，维修，保养 Surveillance监视，监督，监测Feed (water) pump给水泵Foundation地基，基础Stack烟囱，烟道Penetration穿透，贯穿件Nuclear island核岛Conventional非核的，常规的，常见的 Balance of plant(BOP)核电厂配套子项 Auxiliary system for primary loop一回路辅助系统Chemical and volume control system（CVCS）化学与容积控制系统Engineered safety feature(ESF)专设安全设施Residual heat-removal system(RHRS)余热排出系统Emergency core cooling system（ECCS）应急堆芯冷却系统Safety injection system(SI)安注系统 Refueling water storage tank（IRWST）换料水箱Diesel柴油机车，内燃机Diesel generator柴油发电机 Automatic protective system（APS）自动保护系统Instrument and control system(A&C system)仪控系统Scram/trip紧急停堆Outage 中断，停运Refueling outage换料停堆Full power operation满功率运行 Insertion插入Withdrawal抽出Reactor regulating system(RRS)反应堆调节系统Transient 瞬态，瞬时，不稳定的 Decay heat衰变热Void coefficient空泡系数Act法案Guidance导则Criteria标准，条件，准则 Radioactivity放射性Scatter分散，散射，散开Diffraction衍射Commission调试Decommissioning退役Main control room主控制室Reactivity insertion accident(RIA)反应性引入事故Inherent固有的，内在的，与生俱来的 Inherent safety固有安全Passive 被动 的，无源的Passive safety非能动安全 Redundancy冗余，过多，冗余度 Diversity多样性，多样化Regulation监管，规则Ionization电离Annihilate湮灭Attenuate 衰减的，减少Projectile 入射离子，抛射Irradiation辐射 照射Exposure照射Fluence注量Dose剂量，一剂药Equivalent当量，等量的Dose equivalent 剂量当量 Coma昏迷Cramp绞痛，抽筋World association of nuclear operators世界核电运营者协会Momentum动量，动力Diarrhea腹泻，拉肚子Tremor颤抖，发抖Vomit呕吐Somatic肉体的，身体的Symptom症状，征兆Therapy治疗，疗法Activation活化，激活Activation product活化产物Effluent废水，污水Natural background天然本底Spectrum谱，光谱，频谱，波谱Radon氡Disposal处理，处置Inertia惯性Magnitude重要性，数量级Eliminate消除，排除，根除 Mechanism ，approach，priciple，theory 机理，原理Susceptible敏感的，易受影响的Toxic有毒的Acute急剧的，极大地，严重的Seismic地震的Tornado旋风，龙卷风Heat sink热阱Coastdown惰转Excursion漂移Power excursion功率漂移Postulate假定，假设Ductility延展性Demonstration reactor示范堆 Prototype原型，蓝本Prototype reactor原型堆Commercial reactor商用堆Blanket转换区Breeding region增殖区Shim rod补偿棒Neutron source中子源Core grid堆芯栅板Reactor lattice反应堆栅格Cell栅元Core barrel堆芯吊篮Control rod drive mechanism控制板驱动机构Pressure Housing耐压壳Moderator慢化剂Irradiation rig辐照装置Reflector反射层Rabbi shuttle跑兔Black黑体Grey灰体Conversion转换Criticality临界Criticalsize临界尺寸Critical volume临界体积Subcriticality次临界Supercriticality超临界Group cross section群截面Neutron diffusion中子扩散Diffusion equation扩散方程 Undermoderated欠慢化 Overmoderated过慢化Flux flattening通量展平Critical position of control rod临界棒位 Shimming补偿Chemical shimming control化学补偿控制 Excess reactivity剩余反应性Reactivity feedback反应性系数 Reactivity coefficient 反应性系数 Temperature coefficient of reactivity反应性温度系数Load factor负荷因子After heat剩余释热Decay heat衰变热Decay power衰变功率Subcooled boiling欠热沸腾Nucleate boiling泡核沸腾Film boiling膜态沸腾Critical heat flux临界热流密度Initial core初始堆芯Scheduled discharge specific burnup计划卸料比燃耗Optimum specific burnup最佳比燃耗 Fission poison裂变毒物 Xenon equilibrium氙平衡Chemical and volume control system化学和容积控制系统Volume control tank容积控制箱 Protection system保护系统Safety action 安全动作Active component能动部件Engineered safety feature专设安全设施 High head safety injection system高压安全注射系统Low head safety injection system低压安全注射系统Accumulator安全注射箱Core spray system堆芯冷却系统 Suppression压制Pressure suppression system压力抑制系统 Recirculation再循环地坑 Recombination复合，再结合Equipment hatch设备闸门Air lock气密闸门Shutdown cooling system停堆冷却系统 Refueling water tank换料水箱Fuel handling and storge system换料装卸和贮存系统Fuel transfer tube燃料运输通道New fuel elevator新燃料升降机Fuel transfer carriage燃料运输小车 Rotating plug旋转屏蔽塞Liquid metal seal液态金属密封In-vessel refueling machine堆内换料机 Primary circuit 一回路 Commissioning调试，试运行Startup test of reactor反应堆启动测试 Precritical临界前试验Power ascension test功率提升试验 Leakage rate 泄漏率Endurance test强度测试Fuel loading装料Reactor start up反应堆启动Shuffing 倒料Discharge卸料Shutdown停堆Shutdown安全停堆Hot standby热备用Boron injection硼注入Dilution稀释，摊薄Outage中断，停机，停运 Decommissioning退役，解除运作Safety system setpoint安全系统整定值 Defence in depth纵深防御Anticipated预期的，预计的 Anticipated operational occurrences预计运行事件Accident condition事故工况Severe accident严重事故Accident management事故处理Design basis accident设计基准事故 Phase阶段，时期Injection phase注入阶段 Recirculation phase再循环阶段Loss of electrical load accident负荷丧失事故Loss of main feed water accident主给水丧失事故Fuel misposition accident燃料错位事故 Critical accident临界事故Control rod stuck卡棒事故Ejection accident弹棒事故Main steam line breake accident主蒸汽管道破裂事故Cladding ballooning包壳臌胀Cladding collapse包壳塌陷Common cause failure共因故障 Redundancy多重性，冗余，冗余度 Specification技术规格书Non-conformance不符合项，不合格项 Audit 监查，审查Per capita人均的，每人Spontaneous自发得 ，无意识的 Undergo经历，发生Emission发射，放射，排放Nuclei核，原子核，核心Scattering散射，分散，散布 Liberation解放，释放Sufficient足够的，充足的Plutonium钚Combustion燃烧，燃烧过程Strike打击，撞，碰 Graphite石墨Instrumentation测量仪表 Conventional常规的，常用的Sensor传感器Convection传送，对流Corrosion腐蚀Chloride氯化物Hazard危险Philosophy哲学Malfunction故障，误动作Postulate假Actinides锕系元素Active放射性的，有源的Acute exposure急性照射 Americium镅Arming system保险解除系统 Assignment批量Demolition爆破Munition弹药，军火Attenuation衰减Attrition消耗，损耗Inventory详细清单Beryllium铍Beta gauge测量计Biological dosimeter生物剂量仪 Bismuth铋Black lead石墨Blanket增殖区Blast爆炸，爆破Blast wave冲击波Boron trifuoride三氟化硼 Contaminate污染，玷污，沾染 Brown oxidizer二氧化铀Buffer缓冲，缓冲剂Byproduct material副产物 Californium锎Calutron同位素分离器Deuterium氘，重氢Carnotite钒钾铀矿Cavity ionization chamber空腔电离室 Centrifuge离心机Cesium铯Challenge inspection质疑监查 Civilian use民用Cobalt钴Prohibition禁止Destruction销毁Destruction毁灭，消灭Ceal隐藏，隐瞒Constant常量Radiant发光的，辐射的Ratio 比例，常数Continuous monitoring连续监测 Counter计数管Critical accident临界事故Cyclotron回旋加速器Decommission退役Density gauge密度计 Denuclearization非核化Depleted uranium贫铀Deployment部署Desired ground zero预计爆心投影点 Deterministic effect确定效应 Deterrence威慑Detonator引爆装置，雷管Dewar flask杜瓦瓶Dismantlement拆除Curve曲线，弧线Dual-use两用Dynamic pressure and overpressure动压与超压Electronvolt（ev）电子伏特Shock wave冲击波Emergency Standby紧急待命 Enrichment浓缩Escalation逐步升级，扩大，增加 Euratom欧洲原子能中心Evaluation评价Evaluation of radiation protetion辐射防护评价Excitation激发，激起Excuting commander执行指挥官 External irradiation外照射Fuel fabrication燃料组合Gas centrifuge 气体离心Gaseous diffusion气体扩散Geiger-muller counter盖革米勒计数器 Germanium锗 High leve waste强放射性废物High yield test高威力试验 Implosion bomb内爆法炸弹Induce引起，感应，感生Initiation引发Initiator起爆器Intermediate中间的，中级的 Intervention介入，干涉，干预 Iridium铱Radius半径Cruiser巡洋舰Krypton氪Nitrogen氮Lithium锂Permissiable允许Lethal致命的，致死的 Demolition爆破Munitions弹药，军需品Milling研磨Mini-nuke小型核武器Molecular分子Medium中型的Negligible微小的,轻微的 Comprehensive广泛的,综合的,全面的 Neptunium镎Neutrino中微子Nominal名义上的，标称的Artillery炮兵，大炮Aviation航空，航空工业，飞行 Warfare战争Bonus奖金，红利，意外收获 Collateral附属的Nuclear column核柱Assessment评估，估计、 Deterrent威慑，制止Doctrine声明，教条Isobar同量异位素Resonance共振，共鸣 Proliferation扩散Propulsion推进Spin自旋Abstract文摘Stockpile储存，储备Burst爆炸Survivability生存能力Threshold阈值，门槛 Transmutation转变 Transformation转变Vulnerability弱点Degradation退化Maneuver手法，操作法Yield当量Nucleon核子Hucleus原子核Nuclide核素Optimization最优化，优化 Optimum最佳Osmium鋨Photon光子Aggragate集合，总数Plasma等离子体Plumbago石墨Plutonium钚Poison毒物Polonium钋Positron正电子，阳离子 Preinitiation提前起爆Prescribed规定的，法定的Prompt neutron瞬发中子 Proportional counter正比计数管 Quality factor品质因子 Contaminiation沾染Meter仪Weighting权重Debris碎片，残渣Leakage 泄漏Radiological放射性的Radiology放射学Radiometric辐射测量的，放射测量的 Radon氡Rarefaction稀薄的Residual剩余的，残余的 Scintillation counter闪烁计数器、 Scintillator闪烁体 Semiconductor detector半导体探测器 Shallow浅的Sievert希沃特Sodium钠 Dome圆顶屋Stochastic随机的，可能的Standstill停止，停顿Strategic bomber战略轰炸机 Strontium锶Subcritical亚临界Surveillance监测Tactical nuclear weapons战术核武器 Target organ靶器官Tellurium碲Thorium钍Transmutation核嬗变Trigger触发器Tritium氚Unsealed未密封的Uranium Hexafluoride六氟化铀 Uranium mining and milling铀矿开采与选矿Uranium trtrafluoride四氟化铀 Verification核查Regime政权，制度Vertical垂直的，纵向的Vitrification玻璃化Reserve储备，保留，预备Weapon grade plutonium武器级钚 Withhold限制，抑制Stock储备Laser激光器Yellowcake黄饼Zirconium锆Auxiliary 辅助的，备用的Blowdown 冷却管突然爆裂，排污管 Compress 压缩，精简Instrument仪器，乐器，工具，仪表 Component组件，部件，成分，设备 Condensate 凝结水，冷凝水，凝结 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electromagnetic电磁mesoscopic介观的 electrostatic静电的，静电学的放射性Cosmic宇宙射线Inversel相反的Proportional成比例的 Ionization电离 Bremsstrahlung韧致辐射 Inhale吸入，吸气Photon光子，光量子 Scattering散射Shielding屏蔽Collision碰撞，冲突Positron正电子Aluminum铝Accelerator加速器Beryllium铍Annihilation湮灭，淹没 Interaction相互作用 Photoelectric光电的Effect效应，效用Ingest摄取，吞下核反应Attenuation衰减Recoil反冲，弹回 Amplification放大Cadmium镉Transmutation转变，嬗变 Cobalt钴Diffusion扩散Nitrogen氮气Mercury汞flux通量elastic弹性的neutrino中微子inelastic非弹性的 radioisotope同位素section截面thermonuclear热核反应核材料Pellet燃料芯块Moderator慢化剂，减速剂Cladding覆层，包层，包壳Rod杆，棒Sublime升华Boric acid硼酸Chromium铬Swelling膨胀，肿胀，隆起Hafnium铪Burnup 燃耗，烧完Gadolinium钆Alloy合金Indium铟Magnox镁诺克斯合金Magnesium镁Zircloy 锆合金Nickel镍Compound合成，复合物，混合物，化合物 Zirconium锆Silicon硅Fission fragment裂变产物Graphite石墨Posion毒液，阴离子Pressing模制，压制Sintering烧结，溶结Oxidize氧化，使生锈Crack开裂，破裂Dioxide二氧化碳Fertile多产的，富饶的，可繁殖的 Hedrocarbon碳氢化合物Breeding增殖，再生Ratio比率，比例Enriched浓缩的，富集的，强化的 Thermal热的，热量的Conductivity传导率，传导性Specific特有的，专门的，比的 Viscosity粘稠，粘性，粘度Saturation饱和，饱和度，饱和状态 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worth反应性价值Grid网格，格子，栅格Specific power比功率Inconel因科镍合金，镍铬合金 Antimony锑Inherent固有的，内在的，与生俱来的 Inherent safty固有安全性Cadmium镉Passive safety非能动安全Active 主动的，活动的Active safty能动安全Spider星形架Sleeve套管，套筒Spacer隔离物Spacer grid定位格架U-tube steam generator U型管蒸汽发生器 Rated 额定的，规定的Reted load额定功率Spray喷雾，喷淋系统Auxiliary辅助的，辅助设备Feed and condensate system 给水与凝汽系统Hot leg热管段Cold leg冷管段Charge上充Letdown下泄Plugging堵漏，封堵Margin差额，储备，裕量Tube plugging margin堵管裕量In the event of在…情况下Backup备用的，备份，后备Heat exchanger换热器Overpressure protection过压保护 Economizer节约装置，节热器，省煤器 Tank槽，油箱，罐Inlet 入口，进口Plenum充实，充满，高压Inlet plenum一次进口水室Nozzle管嘴，喷嘴，管口Primary inlet nozzle一次进口接管 Outlet plenum一次出口水室Tubesheet管板Valve阀门，阀，气门Safety valve安全阀Relief valve泄压阀Downcomer下导管，下降段Quality（蒸汽）干度Void空的，空虚的Fraction分数，小部分Void fraction空泡份额Full power满功率Thermal shock热冲击Rated power额定功率Quench急冷，骤冷Light water reactor Ultimate最终的，最后的，终极的Sink 水池，水槽Ultimate最终热阱Thermal engine热机Primary loop一次回路Prime最初的，原始的Mover推进器，发动机Prime mover原动机Secondary loop二次回路Enthalpy焓Balance of plant核电厂配套子项 Entropy熵，平局信息量Primary pressureboundary一次压力边界 Feedback反馈Isolation隔离Isolation valve隔离阀Pneumatic气动的，风动的，充气的，由压缩空气操作的Pneumatic valve气动阀门Failure 失效，失败，故障Injection注射，注入，喷入Safety injection pump安注泵Fault 故障Malfunction故障，误动作，失灵 Containment安全壳Carnot efficiency卡诺效率Reinforced加固的，加强的，加钢筋的 Reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土Engine efficiency热机效率 Prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力钢筋混凝土Hot reservoir高温热源，储蓄器Cold reservoir低温热源Psi=pounds per aquare inch gauge英制压力单位Refueling换料Annular环形的，环状的Emergency core-cooling system应急堆芯冷却系统Latent 潜伏的，潜在的，隐藏的Latent heat潜热Sensible 可感觉到的，意识到，认识到 Sensible heat显热Bleed出血，流血Feed and bleed补水与排水Hydroxide氢氧化物Engineered safety features专设安全设施 Sodium hydroxide氢氧化钠Caustic苛性的，腐蚀性的，氢氧化钠 Component cooling system设备冷却水系统 Startup启动Missile飞射物，导弹Accumulator 蓄压器，蓄压箱Sump 污水坑，水槽，水坑 Containment sump安全壳地坑Motor-driven valve电动阀Flywheel飞轮Be referded to as 被称为…Blade、 bucket、 vane 叶片，叶栅 Casing缸体，箱体Work功Thrust推力，塞Impulse冲动，冲击，推动Impulse turbine冲动式汽轮机Reaction反动，反作用力，反力，反作用 Reaction turbine反冲动式汽轮机 Lashing捆扎加固Moisture水分水汽，湿气Moisture removal除湿Impulse stage 冲动级Reaction stage 反动级Throttle节流，调节，减速，节流阀Stop-throttle valve节流阀Torque扭矩Degree of reactionf反动度Revolution旋转，运转Rev/s=revolutions per second每秒…转 Rpm=revolutions per minute每分钟…转 Converging渐缩的Diverging渐扩的Nozzle喷嘴，接管Turbine generator汽轮发电机moisture separator reheater汽水分离再热器turbine driven feedwater pump 气动给水泵gland压盖，密封gland steam system密封蒸汽系统 steam dump蒸汽排放flow restrictior 限流器main team isolation valve主蒸汽隔离阀 unit机组，单位，单元hotwell热阱regulating调节，调整feed regulating valve给水流量调节阀 feedwater header给水联箱 regenerative feed heating cycle给水回热循环drain疏水step change阶跃变化wear磨损，损耗ramp change线性变化fouling污垢，结垢overflow溢出，溢流overflow valve溢流阀inventory装量，库存process steam工艺汽dump释放，排放steam dump蒸汽释放trip scram紧急停堆condenser steam dump冷凝器排放 shutdown关机，停堆atmospheric steam dump大气排放 outrage停堆期deoxidizer steam dump除氧器排放 manually手动的，手工的electric cable 电缆automatically自动的，机械的auxiliary feed water system 辅助给水系统 mass flow rate质量流率shutoff valve 关断阀shutoff停止，关闭differential pressure，pressure differential压差code of federal regulations联邦管理法规 condensate凝结液booster升压器，增压器booster pump 增压泵head水压 ，压头turbine trip气机甩扣suction 抽，吸，吸入口process heat 工艺热。
轴向柱塞泵英文文献及翻译
Modeling and Simulation on Axial Piston Pump Based on VirtualPrototype TechnologyAbstract: A particular emphasis is placed on the virtual prototype technology (VPT) of axial piston pump. With this technology it isconvenient and flexible to build a complicated 3D virtual based on real physical model. The actual kinematics pairs of the parts wereadded on the model. The fluid characters were calculated by hydraulic software. The shape of the parts, the flexible body of parts, etc. were improved in this prototype. So the virtual prototype of piston pump can work in computer like a real piston pump, and the flowripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, stress of parts, etc. can be investigated. The development of the VPT is introduced at thebeginning, and the modeling process of the virtual prototype is explained. Then a special emphasis is laid on the relationship betweenthe dynamics model and the hydraulic model, and the simulations on the flow ripple, pressure pulsation, motion principle, the stress andstrain distribution of the middle shaft and piston are operated. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the VPT are discussed. Theimproved virtual prototype of piston pump more tally with the real situation and the VPT has a great potential in simulation on hydrauliccomponents.Key words: virtual prototype, axial piston pump, dynamics1 IntroductionAxial piston hydrostatic pump is an important hydrauliccomponent, which is widely applied both in industry andmobile machine. As the piston pump has complicatedstructure and compositehigh-speed motion, so it is difficultto do exactly research on the pump. The pump model isalways simplified to a great degree. And the simplificationsbring considerable deviation. With the development ofcomputer and multi-body dynamics, the virtual prototypetechnology (VPT) is used for studying hydraulic systemand components.Virtual prototype technology is a new engineeringtechnology. With the VPT complex mechanism systemmodel can be made and its dynamicscharacteristic can besimulated at a very real condition by integrating modelingtools from several different fields and simulation methods.The core of VPT is the dynamics model, which haveseveral interfaces to connect other models, such as hydraulicmodel and fitness element method (FEM) model. So thevirtual prototype built based on VPT can simulate most ofthe pump performances, and the simulation results of thevirtual prototype are very close to the testresults of thephysics prototype. Sometimes the simulation can evenreplace physics test and save the development cost[1].Hydraulic virtual prototype technology integrate theadvanced 3D CAD modeling method and hydraulicsimulation technology to predict performance and studycharacteristics of amachine[1]. Because of the complicatedstructure and nonlinear characteristics of thehydraulic-solid coupling, it is time-consuming andexpensive with traditional try-and-error design way, and theanalysis results of traditional way are not accurate enough[2].The virtual prototype of hydraulic machine, such as theaxial piston pump, is a better way to predict theperformance of hydraulic component[3].With the commercial hydraulic and dynamic softwares, avirtual prototype of piston pump was made by AachenTechnique University, Germany, in 2002[4]. The hydrauliccharacteristics and frictions between the key tribo-pairswere analyzed[5−6]. In order to optimize the incline angle ofthe swash plate, a virtual prototype of a bent axis pistonpump was made in 2003[7]. The concept of virtual prototypeof piston pump was proposed in 2004, the output pressureand flow ripple, the strain and stress of the key parts wereall analyzed[8]. It is very useful for the optimization ofpump. The flow ripple of a swash plate piston pump wasstudied using VPT in2006[9]. All these researches provedthe effectivity of this technology, but these models are stillsimple and need further improving.In this research, a virtual prototype of axial piston pumpis developed, which combines 3D model, flexible FEMmodel and hydraulic modeling together. The performanceof the pump is analyzed, and the optimization of the indexangle of swash plate by VPT shows thepotential ofimproving products.2 Modeling of the Piston PumpThe validity of the simulation results lay on therationality of its model, so the modeling of piston pump iscrucial. The virtual prototype of piston pump connectsseveral different models, including hydraulic system, 3Dstructural model and FEM parts model, which are builtrespectively andconnected each other in simulation.2.1 Analysis of dynamic relationshipsBefore building the dynamic model and making theinterfaces to connect other models, the real kineticrelationships and motion parameters of the necessary partsshould be analyzed. There are several hypotheses asfollows.(1) In order to simply the simulation, only necessaryparts are considered. Some accessories models, such asmechanism of variable displacement and slipper hold-down,are ignored.(2) The rotation of middle shaft is stable and the speed isdefined as constant.(3) The angle of swash plate changes in a defined workrange by rotation drive.(4) The oil film between piston and cylinder, swash plateand slipper, cylinder and valve plate is stable, and itsfriction coefficient is constant.As shown in Fig. 1, the middle shaft of swash plate typepiston pump rotates around its axis and drives the cylinder,pistons and correspond slippers rotating at a samespeed[10−11].The coordinates of point B′ of intersection between thecenter line of piston and the surface of swash plate isdescribed as follows:βϕϕϕtancoscossinRzRyRx===(1)From Eq. (1), it is shown that piston moves along z-axisand rotates around the middle shaft. The track of point B can describe the motion of the piston. Based on Eq. (1), thespeed and accelerate of point B′ are as follows:ϕβωϕφωcostansintan2RdtdvaRdtdzv==-==(2)The slipper is connected with piston by spherical joint.The track of point B in the spherical joint can describe themotion of slipper. The coordinates of the point B arecoscoscossin111====zRyyRxϕββϕ(3)The motion track of the slipper is ellipse, the vectordiameter ρ isϕβρ222121costan1+=+=Ryx(4)The angle θ between ρ and the Lang-axis of ellipse is)tanarctan(costancostan11ϕβθϕβθ=⇒==yx(5)The rotation speed of the point B around the point O isωβϕϕβθω222cos sin cos cos +==dt d h (6) The velocity of the point B isϕββωρω222cos sin cos +==R v h h (7)Based on the equations above, the motion of basic partscan be defined.2.2 Structural and dynamic modelAs for swash plate type piston pump, showed in Fig. 2(a),the 3D structural model (Fig. 2(b))wasmadeinacomericalCADsoftware.To simplify the analysis, only necessaryparts modelwere made. The joints and constraints between connectingparts were added.According to the real dynamic relationship betweendifferent parts, the proper joints and motion parameters areshown in Table 1 and Table 2. In the dynamic software, allthese joints and motions were added to corresponding parts.Then the basic dynamic model was finishied with a 3Dstructural model adding dynamic relationships.Besides, the ration speed of the middle shaft should beadded, then the basic model of piston pump can be droveand all parts can move just like a real pump without oil.2.3 Hydraulic model of piston pumpAs there is no fluid force and motion in the basicdynamic model, so the dynamic model can only simulatethe motion of piston pump and don’t have the function ofsucking oil and charging oil to drive load. In order to buildthe hydraulic model, there are some hypotheses as follows,(1) The piston pump works stably and therotation speedof middle shaft is defined constant.(2) The oil film in the gap between piston and cylinder,slipper and swash plate, cylinder and valve plate is stable.And there is only leakage of laminar flow.(3) There is hydrostatic balance in the gap betweencylinder and valve plate, slipper and swash plate, and thepressure ratio λ is constant (λ=0.9).(4) The viscidity of the fluid oil is invariable. Based on the motion relationship between the pump partsand the flow influence on the pump, the hydraulic model ofthe piston pumpstarts with the basic flow model.As shown in Fig. 3, the low pressure oil is sucked to thecylinder bore when the piston moves to the right. While thepiston moves to the left, the piston charges the oil out todrive loads.The model shown in Fig. 3 is the basic unit of one piston.And this unit including three important leakages, q v1between piston and cylinder, q v2 between slipper and swashplate and q v3 between cylinder and valve plate, which are described in Eqs. (8)−(10)[11]:))(5.11(12)(0121311p p l h d p f q rr r v v -+==εηπ,(8))(ln 6)(01122322p p r r h p f q r v v -==ηπλ, (9)⨯⎥⎥⎥⎥⎦⎤⎢⎢⎢⎢⎣⎡+==)ln(1)ln(16)(34123333R R R R h p f q r v v ηπλ)(）（0112p p --ϕϕ, (10)where d r —Diameter of piston,h r1—Gap height between piston andcylinder,l r —Contact length between cylinderand piston,η —Dynamic viscidity of the fluid, ε —Eccentricity ratio of piston, p 1 —Pressure inside piston chamber, p 0 —Environment pressure insidepump,λ —Pressure ratio,h r2—Gap height between the swashplate andslipper,r 1, r 2 —Structural parameters of slipper,h r3—Gap height between valve plate and cylinder,φ1, φ2, R 1,R 2, R 3, R 4 —Structural parameters of valveplate.The input oil and output oil in the cylinder bore aresupplied through the valve plate, so the open area of thekidney bore in valve plate is used for controlling oilsucking and charging. Fig. 4(a) shows the open areacoefficient curves with changing of rotation angle. Becausethe angle difference of the two different bore is 180°(Fig.4(b)), so it can be modeled with a throttle valve controlledby the open area size. The distributed flow is controlled bythe cylinder bore open area size, which is shown in Fig. 4(b).Fig.4. Model of valve plateTo simplify the modeling, the flow model and the valveplate model were combined to an integrated unit (Fig. 5).As one pump has nine pistons, so the whole pump modelincludes nine integrated piston models, which is shown inFig.6.Fig. 5. Encapsulation of the flow modelandvalve plate modelFig. 6. The whole hydraulic model of the pump 2.4 Finite element method of the key partsThe stress and deformation of some key parts in pumpworking process should be researched by flexible bodyanalysis [8]. The middle shaft and the piston are two typicalparts needed to considerthe flexibility character. It isnecessary to analyze the model with FEM and to convertthe rigid body to flexible one.In an FEM software environment, the flexible body ofpiston can be read to the dynamic model and be assembledto the whole pump model. Fig. 7 shows the finite elementmodel of the piston with flexiblecharacteristics. Themiddle shaft model was also made in the same way. Fig. 8shows the two flexible parts in the assemble pump. Thenthe solver can simulate the pump and get the stress resultsand deformation results of the piston and the shaft. Theintensity of corresponding parts is analyzed in this way.Fig. 7. Flexible body model of the pistonFig. 8. Assemble pump with flexible bodyof piston and middle shaftAccording to the above analysis, the virtual prototype ofpiston pump includes several different models. Sointerfaces are needed toconnect these models into one unit.Thereby, the hydraulic interface, the dynamic interface andflexible body interface are built according tothe workingenvironment. Fig. 9 shows the relationship of these models.The virtual prototype of piston pump are built byassembling all these models together.Fig. 9. Models relationship of pump virtualprototype3 Results and DiscussionMany aspects of the piston pump can be investigatedbased on the pump virtual prototype, such as the outputcharacters, the force of pistons, the stress and deformationof the pistons and the middle shaft, etc.3.1 Output characters of pumpThe output flow and pressure of pump are used directlyfor driving loads in the hydraulic system. So the outputcharacter is one of the most important performances of thepump. With the virtual prototype of piston pump, it is easilyto get the output characters.Fig. 10 shows the output flow changing with angle of theswash plate. The flow ripple is clearly shown in the resultcurves. The cycle time of flow ripple is the same based onthe rotation speed. The flow ripple amplitude is gettinghigher with the swash plate angle increasing. Besides, theflow condition in each piston chamber can also bepresented with the simulation.Fig. 10. Output flow with angle of swash plate As there are gaps between the two kidney bores in thevalve plate, the output flow is discontinues. So the pressureripple and corresponding noise are produced during fluiddistribution process. One new structured valve plate withno-symmetrical kidney bores is developed [12]. This valveplate has a difference angle (index angel) between the twokidney bores. With this structure, the pressure ripple of thepump can be reduced obviously, shown in Fig.11. Fig. 11presents the comparison of pressure condition inside pistonchamber between valve plates with difference angle andwithout difference angel.Fig. 11. Output pressure of the pump3.2 Force on the pistonsIn the piston pump, the pistons are used for sucking andcharging oil. So the fluid force on the pistons is variableand complex. With the virtual prototype of piston pump,the force on the backside of the pistons can be investigated.With different angle of swash plate (including 0°, 2.5°,5°,7.5°, 10°, 12.5°, 15°) at the same load condition, the forceon each of the nine pistons is different and the forcepresents a periodic change with time, shown in Fig. 12. Thevibration amplitude of force is getting higher with theswash plate angle increasing.In order to analyze the influence of the swash plate angle,the fluid force was simulated with the angle changingcontinuously. The curve in Fig. 13 shows the trend of theforce. It starts with a very small value, and the value of theforce rises quickly while the angle of swash plate reaches5°.Fig. 12. Fluid force on the pistonsFig. 13. Pressure with the angle of swashplate changing3.3 Stress and deformation of the pistonsand middle shaftWith the FEM technology, the middle shaft and pistonsmodel are improved from rigid body to flexible body,which is more tally with the actual situation. In dynamicenvironment, the stress and strain of the flexible body canbe simulated when the virtual prototype is running. And theintensity of the flexible body parts can be investigated.The stress and strain can describe the intensity anddeformation to a degree. Fig. 14 shows the stress and strainwhen the simulation time is at 0.135 s. The maximum stressat this state is about 196 MPa and the maximum strain isabout 0.002 mm. The most serious deformationregionappears nearby the spline.(a) Stress of the middle shaft at 0.135 s (MPa)(b) Strain of the middle shaft at 0.135 s (10–4) Fig. 14. Stress and strain of the middle shaftFig. 15 gives the simulation result of the piston. Themaximum stress in the piston is about 222 MPa and themaximum strain is about 0.005 mm. So the result is in aproper range. Besides, the stress also can be used foranalyzing thefriction on the outside of the piston.(a) Stress of the pistons(MPa)(b) Strain of the pistons (10–8)Fig. 15. Stress and strain of the piston4 Conclusions(1) On the basis of different models and the interfaces, itis feasible to make the virtual prototype of piston pump.According to the type of the model (such as the dynamicmodel and hydraulic model), corresponding simulationresults are shown to predict the performance of the pistonpump, so more characteristics can be studied by VPT.(2) When the valve plate is mounted on the end cap, adifference angle (index angle) is set. This angle helps toreduce the pressure ripple. And the effect of the virtualprototype is also proved based on the simulation results.(3) The piston pump is one of the most complexhydraulic components, so the modeling and simulation alsoneed several hypotheses to simply modeling.(4) Compared with the traditional simulation on pistonpump, the VPT concentrated on more factors, such as theshape of the parts, the flexible body of parts, etc. Sosimulation model more tally with the actual situation andthe result is more effective and useful to optimize thestructure.(5) Because of the connection of so many models, it isdifficult and complicated to make the effective interface.But with the development of the modeling and computation,the VPT has the potential to help to develop the newgeneration piston pump prototype with higher performance. References[1] ZHANG B F. Dynamic simulation of transmission system of mobilepower station based on virtualprototype technology[D]. Luoyang:Henan University of Science and Technology, 2004. (in Chinese)[2] ZHENG J R. ADAMS——Introduction andapplication of virtualprototype technology[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical PublishingHouse, 2002. (in Chinese)[3] YANG Z W, XU B, ZHANG B. Simulation of axial piston pumpbased on virtual prototype[J]. Hydraulics Pneumatics & Seals, 2006,3: 33−36. (i n Chinese) [4] DEEKEN M. Simulation of the reversing effects of axial pistonpumps using conventional CAE tools[J]. Ölhydraulik undPneumatik (O+P), 2002, 46: 6−12. [5] YU X K, WANG J. Virtual prototype of a hydraulic system based onADAMS[M]. Beijing: Construction Machinery and Equipment, 2003.(in Chinese)[6] DEEKEN M. Simulation of the tribological contacts in an axialpiston machine[J]. Ölhydraulik und Pneumatik (O+P), 2003, 47:11−12.[7] PETER A, MARTIN P. Simulation of a hydraulic variable axialpiston double pump of bent axis design with subsystems[C]//The 1stMSC.ADAMS European User Conference, London, November13−14, 2002: 10−17.[8] ZHANG H, KASPER L, RICH K. Development ofa virtualprototype of piston pump for hydrostatictransmission[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Conferenceon Fluid Power Transmission and Control, Hangzhou, China, April5−8, 2005: 485−489.[9] YANG Z W. Research of virtual prototype simulation technology foraxial piston pump[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2006. (inChinese) [10] ZHAI P X. Axial piston pump[M]. Beijing: China Coal IndustryPublishing House, 1978. (in Chinese) [11] JAROSLAV I, MONIKA I. Hydrostatic pumps and motors[M].India: Academia Books International, 2001.[12] NA C L. The distribution principles ofcompressible fluid in axialpiston pump[M]. Beijing: The Publishing House of OrdnanceIndustry, 2003. (inChinese)基于虚拟样机技术的轴向柱塞泵的建模与仿真文摘:一个特定的重点放在轴向活塞泵的虚拟样机技术(VPT)。
【机械类文献翻译】旋转泵
R otary pumps旋转泵These are built in many different designs and are extremely popular in modern fluid-power system.The most common rotary-pump designs used today are spur-gear, generated-rotary,sliding-vane,and screw pump,each type has advantages that make it the most suitable for a given application.旋转泵应用于不同的设计中，在流体动力系统中极其常用。
今天最常用的旋转泵是外齿轮泵、内齿轮泵、摆线转子泵、滑动叶片泵和螺旋泵。
每种类型的泵都有优点，适合于特定场合的应用。
Spur-gear pumps.these pumps have two mating gears are turned in a closely fitted casing.Rotation of one gear,the driver causes the second,or follower gear,to turn.the driving shaft is usually connected to the upper gear of the pump.直齿齿轮泵，这种泵有两个啮合的齿轮在密封壳体内转动。
第一个齿轮即主动轮的回转引起第二个齿轮即从动轮的回转。
驱动轴通常连接到泵上面的齿轮上。
When the pump is first started,rotation of gears forces air out the casing and into the discharge pipe.this removal of air from the pump casing produces a partial vacuum on the pump inlet,here the fluid is trapped between the teeth of the upper and lower gears and the pump casing.continued rotation of the gears forces the fluid out of the pump discharge.当泵首次启动时，齿轮的旋转迫使空气离开壳体进入排油管。
船舶船机电翻译
Ⅰ.技术术语Technical Terms1、pump 泵①Supply pump供给泵②transfer pump 输送泵③circulating pump 循环泵④bilge pump 舱底水泵⑤ballast pump 压载水泵1、tank①drain tank 泄放柜②service tank 日用柜③settling tank沉淀柜④storage tank 储存柜⑤circulating tank 循环柜⑥used oil tank 废油柜⑦buffer tank 缓冲柜⑧overflow tank 溢流柜⑨Collecting tank 收集柜⑩expansion water tank 膨胀水箱2、water①sea water (S.W.) 海水②fresh water (F.W.) 淡水③operating water 工作水④sanitary water 卫生水⑤washing water 冲洗水⑥refilling water 再注水⑦feed water 给水⑧condensate water 冷凝水⑨bilge water 舱底水⑩sewage 污水2、oil①fuel oil (F.O.) 燃油②lubricating oil (L.O.) 滑油③engine oil 机油④cylinder oil 气缸油⑤diesel oil (D.O.) 柴油⑥turbine oil 透平油⑦cool oil 冷却油⑧seal oil 密封油3、temperature (temp) 温度4、flow 流量5、pressure（press）压力6、power 功率10、level 液位 11、vibration 振动12、normal/abnormal 正常/异常13、main/auxiliary (aux.) 主要/辅助的14、inlet/exhaust 进气/排气15、fire alarm 火警16、fail/failure 故障17、overload 过载 18、no-voltage 失电19、leak/leakage 泄漏20、wrong-way 错向21、insulation(insul) 绝缘22、oil mist 油雾 23、viscosity 粘度24、density 浓度 25、salinity 盐度26、oil content 油含量27、pressure difference 压差28、switch 开关 29、flame 火焰30、automatic（auto）自动的31、emergency 应急的32、standby 备用的33、screw 螺丝 34、nut 螺母35、stud 螺柱36、meter 仪表 37、thermometer温度计38、level gauge 液位计38、pressure gauge 压力表39、length 长度 40、breadth 宽度41、height 高度42、meter 米 43、centimeter 厘米 44、millimeter毫米45、decimillimetre 丝米 46、micrometer微米46、hundredth of one millimeter 丝47、de(rust)生锈（除绣）48、spare parts 备件 49、spanner 扳手50、ahead/astern 正车/倒车 51、screwdriver 螺丝刀（minus / plus）52、sludge 油渣53、electrician’s knife 电工刀 54、decrustation pliers 剥线钳Ⅱ.（主机主要部件）Main Parts for M/E1、engine frame 机架2、cylinder 气缸3、piston 活塞4、crosshead 十字头5、bedplate 机座6、crankshaft 曲轴7、cylinder cover/head 气缸盖8、connecting rod 连杆9、turbocharger 增压器10、driving chain 传动链11、air cooler 空气冷却器12、scanvage box 扫气箱13、oil sprayer 喷油器14、oil nozzle 喷油嘴15、exhaust valve 排气阀16、sealing ring密封环17、cylinder liner 气缸套18、piston rod 活塞杆Ⅲ.机舱布置图Engine room arrangement1、main engine /M.E. 主机2、intermediate shaft 中间轴3、bearing 轴承4、propeller shaft 螺旋桨轴5、stern tube艉管6、aft seal head tank 后密封油箱7、FWD seal head tank前密封油箱8、stern tube L.O. drain tank 艉管滑油泄放柜9、chemical cleaning tank 化学清洗柜 10、L.O. drain tank11、sludge oil trap 油渣收集柜12、rust preventer tank 防锈剂柜13、oily water separator油水分离器14、Low sea chest 低位海水门15、L.O. transfer pump 16、bilge pump 舱底泵17、M/E lub oil pump 18、M/E S.W. cooling pump 主机海水泵19、sludge pump 油渣泵20、ejector pump for F.W.G 造水装置工作水泵21、stern tube L.O. pump 艉轴管滑油泵22、H.F.O. Transfer pump 燃油输送泵23、ballast pump 压载泵24、bilge & G.S. pump 舱底总用泵25、Fire & G.S. pump 消防总用泵26、Provision Ref. Unit S.W. pump伙食冷藏海水泵27、aux. S.W. Cooling pump 辅海水泵28、L.O. purify cleaning tray 滑油分油机洗池29、L.O. purify. Operating water tank 滑油分油机工作水箱30、L.O. purify. Heater滑油分油机加热器31、diesel generator 柴油发电机组32、D/G F.W. Cooler 柴油发电机淡水冷却器33、boiler feed water pump 锅炉给水泵34、cascade tank 热井35、aux.condenser 大气冷凝器36、inspection tank 凝水检查柜37、filter 过滤器38、distilling plant 造水装置39、control air vessel 控制空气瓶40、control air dryer控制空气干燥器41、air compressor 空压机42、main air vessel 主空气瓶43、M/E F.O. heater 主机燃油加热器44、purif room exh fan分油机室抽风机45、sludge tank 油渣柜46、drinking water hydrophone tank 饮水压力柜47、calorifier 热水柜 48、drinking water sterilizer 饮水消毒器49、emergency air compressor 50、stern tube gravity oil tank艉管重力油柜51、antifouling system power unit防污系统电源箱52、ECR. Unit cooler 集控室空冷机53、overhead crane 机舱行车 54、boiler feed water test kit 炉水试验台55、cylinder oil measuring tank气缸计量柜 56、sink 洗池57、gas welder 气焊机58、E.L. welder 电焊机59、universal machine 组合机床60、driller 立式钻床61、bench 钳桌台62、vice台虎钳63、grinder 砂轮机64、cupboard 橱65、sewage treatment unit 生活污水处理装置66、composite boiler 燃油/废气组合锅炉67、forced draft fan 锅炉强力风机68、incinerator焚烧炉69、waste oil service tank 废油日用柜70、supply ventilating fans 送风机71、spark arrester消音器Ⅳ.Others1、shipyard 船厂2、shipbuilding 造船3、berth/slipway 船台4、marine diesel engine 船用柴油机5、bulk-cargo carrier 散装货船6、container ship 集装箱船7、oil tanker 油船 8、tonnage 吨位9、merchant ship 民用船10、military ship (warship) 军用船11、drawing 图纸12、hull 船外壳13、bow/stern 船艏/船尾14、port/starboard 左舷/右舷15、deadweight 载重量 16、displacement 排水量17、freeboard 干舷 18、deck 甲板19、keel 龙骨20、anchor 锚21、rudder 舵22、bottom 底23、supersrtucture 上层建筑24、side25、weld 焊 26、painting 油漆27、assemble 装配 28、launching29、sea trial 试航 30、delivery 交船31、tightness test 密性试验 32、after service 售后服务33、approval 认可 34、blue collar worker 蓝领35、maker 36、rules and regulations 规则、规范37、chief engineer 轮机长 38、chief officer大副39、clerk 事务员 40、foreigner41、fore peak 艏尖舱 42、aft peak 尾尖舱43、frame 肋骨 44、cabin 舱室45、wheel house 驾驶室 46、shaft tunnel 轴隧47、beam横梁 48、manhole 人孔49、bulbous bow球鼻艏 50、sea chest 海水门51、bulkhead 隔舱壁 52、dry cargo hold 干货舱53、provision store 食品库 54、passageway 走廊、通道55、refrigerating chamber 冷藏室Ⅴ甲板机械Deck Machinery1、deck 甲板2、anchor chain（cable）锚链3、chain locker 锚链舱4、windlass 起锚机5、mooring hole 导缆孔6、bollard 带缆桩7、cargo winch 起货绞车8、hand rail 栏杆9、hawse pipe 锚链筒 10、hatchcover 舱口盖11、hatch coaming舱口围板12、control cabin操纵室13、derrick 吊杆14、cargo hook 吊货钩15、mooring winches 系泊绞车16、wire cable 钢索17、vertical ladder 直梯18、wire steel 钢丝卷筒19、side scuttle舷窗20、rudder stock 舵杆21、rudder shaft 舵轴22、flag staff 旗杆23、ventilator 通风筒Ⅵ.管系for piping1、Exhaust air system 排气系统Exhaust pipe for M.E（Generators / boiler / emergency generators）主机/ 发电机/ 锅炉/ 应急发电机2、Cooling Water System 冷却水系统①cooling fresh water (CFW) 淡水冷却水②cooling sea water (CSW) 海水冷却水3、fuel oil system 燃油系统①light diesel oil ②heavy diesel oil (HDO)③fuel oil purifying 燃油净化④oil sludge 废油（污油）⑤fuel oil transferring 燃油输送4、Lubricating oil system①L.O for M.E(generator / stern tube) ②Lub. oil transferring5、Compressed air system①high / low pressure air ②starting air 起动空气③control air ④remote control air 遥控空气⑤miscellanous air 杂用空气6、Ship systems①the bilge system舱底水②the ballast system 压载水③the water supply system 供水④the steam system 蒸汽⑤the drainage system 排水⑥the fire-fighting system 消防⑦the air measuring and filling system 空气测量注入⑧the level system 液位7、filter / filter gauze (screen) 8、drainage valve sets9、pressure gauge 压力表9、vacuum真空表10、thermometer 温度计11、steel tube 钢管12、copper tube 铜管13、observation glass 观察镜14、funnel 漏斗15、hose 软管16、induction port 吸口17、bracker 支架18、shim (washer) 垫片19、flange 法兰20、connection 接口21、stainless steel pipe 不锈钢管22、threaded connection 螺纹接头23、sleeve pipe 套管 24、flowmeter 流量计25、radiator 散热器26、pipe wrench 管子钳27、spanner 扳手28、pipe cutter 管子割刀29、scraper 刮刀30、vice 老虎钳31、screwdriver 螺丝刀 32、torch 手电筒Ⅶ主要阀件铭牌Main valve list1、slush valve 截止阀2、non-return valve 止回阀3、through-way valve 直通阀4、butterfly valve 蝶阀5、sluice valve 闸阀6、remote-control butterfly valve 遥控蝶阀7、quick closing valve 速关阀8、self-closing valve 自闭阀9、reducer valve 减压阀10、ball valve 球阀11、copper valve 铜阀12、steel valve 钢阀13、cast iron valve 铸铁阀14、stainless steel valve 不锈钢阀15、safety valve 安全阀16、temperature adjusting valve 温度调节阀17、thermostatic valve 恒温阀18、induction valve 进气阀19、exhaust valve排气阀20、drain valve 排泄阀21、fire valve 消防阀22、three-way valve 三通阀23、valve material①cast iron 铸铁②cast steel铸钢③stainless steel④bronze 青铜⑤brass黄铜⑥copper紫铜⑦nodular cast iron球墨铸铁Ⅷ.电力设备electrical equipment1. emergency (diesel / tacho- / shaft) generator应急（柴油/ 测速/ 轴带）发电机2. servo (governor) motor 伺服（调速）马达3. ignition (current / voltage) transformer点火变压器（电流/电压互换器）4. converter 变流器5. frequency changer 变频器6. charger 充电器7. rectifier 整流器8. uninterrupted power source (UPS)不间断电源装置9. battery or storage battery蓄电池或蓄电池组10. main (emergency / power section) switchboard 主（应急/电力区）配电板11. generator (feeder) panel 发电机（馈电）屏12. charging & discharging panel 充放电板13. (radio / low voltage / internal communication) power distribution board无线电（低压/ 船内通信/ 电力）分电箱14. power unit for cathodic protection阴极保护电源箱15. test panel 电工试验板16. shore connection box 岸电箱17. junction box (with fuse) 接线箱（带熔断器）18. control console (panel) 控制台，集控台19. main engine control stand主机控制台20. motor starter 电动机起动器21. control box (panel) 控制箱（板）22. main engine safety (air conditioning) control box主机安全系统（空调）控制箱23. control box for singal light信号灯控制箱24. steering gear source box 舵机电源箱25. contactor 接触器26. relay 继电器27. control (pressure / change over) switch 控制（压力/ 转换）开关28. magnetic valve 电磁阀29. resistor 电阻器30. push button 按钮31. temperature transducer 温度变换器32. oil mist detector 油雾探测器33. fuse 熔断器34. Ammeter 电流表35. voltmeter 压力表36. power meter 功率表37. power factor meter 功率因数表38. watt-hour meter 电度表39. frequency meter 频率表40. flow meter 流量表41. speed indicator 转速表42. ohm meter 欧姆表43. welder 电焊机44. lathe 车床45. drilling machine 钻床46. planning machine 刨床47. grinding machine 砂轮机48. electric heater 电热器49. electric refrigerator 电冰箱50. electric fan 电风扇51. air conditioner 空调52. washing machine 洗衣机53. fresh water sterilizer 引水消毒器54. stator 定子55. rotor 转子56. neutral wire 零线（中性线）57. winding 绕组58. coil 线圈Ⅸ.illumination equipment 照明设备1. port (starboard) light 左右舷灯2. mast 桅灯(stern艉灯/ anchor锚灯/ steering操舵灯/ signal信号灯/ flashing 闪光灯/ towing 拖船灯/ daylight signal 白昼信号灯/ pendant 舱顶灯/ fluorescent pendant 荧光舱顶灯/ ceiling 蓬顶灯/passage corner 走道角灯/ desk 台灯/ wall 壁灯/ berth 床头灯/ room’s nameplate 舱室铭牌灯/ chart table 海图灯/ flameproof 防爆灯/ flood 泛光灯（强光灯）/ search 聚光灯（探照灯）) light3. switch开关4. plug插头5. socket 插座6. socket box 插座箱Ⅹ.Navigation equipment 导航设备1. gyrocompass 电罗径2. magnetic compass 磁罗径3. feedback unit 反馈装置4. echo-sounder 回声测深仪5. log 计程仪6. master (slave) clock 母（子）钟7. radar 雷达8. radio direction finder 无线电测向仪9. Loran (radio navigation / satellite navigation) receiver劳兰（无线电导航/ 卫星导航）接收机10. VHF radio telephone transceiver 甚高频电话收发信机11. facsimile 传真机12. television set 电视机13. video camera 电视摄像机oxygen 氧气acetylene 乙炔nitrogen 氮气inter gas 惰性气体epoxy 环氧的resin 树脂chock楔子垫木soapy water 肥皂水anemometer 风速计manometer 压力（压强）表，气压表straight edge 直尺feeler gauge 塞尺steel scale 钢尺dial gauge 千分表micrometer 外径千分尺vernier caliper 游标卡尺spanner 扳手wrench 扳手screw driver 螺丝刀hammer 锤子clinometer 测斜仪chain block 手拉葫芦mandatory 命令、强制的Chlorinator 氯化器syphon=siphon 弯管，存水管，虹吸管blind 盲板booklet of piping procedure 工序，过程，步骤gymnasium 健身房galley 船上厨房motorcycle safety helmet 安全帽life belt 安全带glove 手套respirator 口罩overall 工作服uniformelectric torch 手电筒flashlighteyeglass 眼镜elevator 电梯plank 厚木板stage 大舞台expressions 公式formula（复数formulae）plus 加，正minus 减，负multiply 乘divide by 用…除equal to 等于sb entrust sb with sth 委托某人reply to 答复promise 许诺explanation 解释说明answer to 答案typist 打字员triangle 三角形quadrangle 四边形四角形pentagon 五角形inflator 打气筒tyre 轮胎wheel 车轮off duty 下班on duty 上班overtime 加班Slipway、shipway船台1.Lighting alignment for shafting & rudder system 轴舵系照光对中2.Stern tube boring 艉轴管镗孔3.Stern tube bush 艉轴衬套4.Stern boss艉轴壳5.forced fitting inspection压入配合检验6.oil jack（千斤顶）油泵7.（propeller shaft & stern tube bush）radial clearance （艉轴和艉管衬套）径向间隙8.axial clearance 轴向间隙9.Stern tube seals sealing 艉轴密封10. propeller installation force fitting压配11.pull-up length压进距离12.pull-up force 推进力13.oilpressure for boss 扩涨油压14.Zero point 零点15. Shrinkage 过盈量16.cleanness光洁度17.taper圆锥，斜度18. superposition 重合19. intersect 相交20.perpendicularity 垂直度21.vertical垂直的22.horizontal 水平的23. nut of stern shaft艉轴螺栓24.rudder 舵25.rudder blade 舵叶26.rudder stock 舵杆27.rudder pintle 舵销28.rudder tiller 舵柄29.rudder bush 舵承30.rudder horn 挂舵臂31. securing key 定位销，定位键32.protecting cover 保护帽33.grease牛油34.rudder angle 舵角35.full angle 满舵36. rudder blade’s stopper 防跳块37.temperature sensor 温度传感器38. inlet outlet 进出39. tolerance 公差，允许量40.wear down gauge 磨损规41.stern tube main chamber 大腔42.high pressure chamber 高压腔43.low pressure chamber 低压腔Engine Room 机舱1.Cleaning check：Storage oil tank of steering gear 舵机储存油箱（方形）Expansion oil tank of mooring winch 绞机膨胀油箱（圆形）Storage oil tank of mooring winch 绞机储存油箱Storage oil tank of windlass 锚机储存油箱（方形）Expansion oil tank of windlass 锚机膨胀油箱（圆形）Hydraulic oil tank of hatch cover 舱口盖液压油箱2.flushing of winch piping 绞机管路投油1.D/G pouring epoxy chock 发电机浇环氧2.holding down bolt 地脚螺栓3. deflection of crankshaft 曲轴甩档4.piston 活塞5.cylinder 气缸6. turbocharger 涡轮增压器7.1.Force measurement of M/E stay bolts 紧固螺栓2.piston rod and connection rod bolts 活塞杆和连杆螺栓3.bolts in drive end of crank 曲轴大端螺栓4.piston—piston rod—crosshead—connection rod—crank—crankshaft活塞活塞杆十字头连杆曲柄曲轴5.cam 凸轮6.camshaft 凸轮轴7.M/E chain cable 主机链条8.flooding test of M/E return oil pipes 压水试验9.propeller cap—propeller—stern tube seals—stern tube bush—stern shaft—intermediate shaft 导流帽螺旋桨艉密封艉管衬套艉轴中间轴—intermediate bearing—flywheel (thrust shaft)中间轴承飞轮推力轴10.coupling reamer holes 联轴节铰制孔11.turning gear 盘车机12. spring 弹簧1.main air compressor 主空压机2.alignment of coupling flange 联轴节对中3.gap 裂面4.sag 位移1.steering gear 舵机2. ram roller bearing 舵机活塞杆轴承3. neck bush & cylinder 舵机活塞颈衬套和活塞缸体4. dimension measurement 尺寸测量1.fore draft valve艏吃水阀2.speed log 计程仪3.echo sounder 测深仪Quay、shipside、wharf、dock码头。
石油管材英文专业术语
英文翻译统一命名一、通用类套管Casing油管Tubing轧批号Roll lot No.试批号Test lot No.班别Section班次Shift流转卡号Flow card No.管卡ID card质量计划书Quality plan 班长Monitor段长Section leader副段长Vice section leader合格支数Qualified pcs不合格支数Unqualified pcs分厂Mill生产流程卡Process flow card备注Remark步进炉Walking beam furnace作业指导书working instruction文件编号File No.控制状态State发放编号Issue No.编制人prepared by编制日期prepared date审核人reviewed by批准人approved by生效日期Effective date版本号/修订码Version No./Revised code目录contents目的Purpose适用范围Applicable Scope职责Responsibility相关文件Related documents相关记录Related records工作液配方Working liquid formula操作方法Operation approach工艺流程参数Technological process parameters主要技术参数main technical parameters技术要求Technical requirements技术支持technical support检测日期inspection date记录台帐record account交接班记录shift handover record参数parameter当班检测人员inspectors on duty质量技术部Quality and Technology Department维护保养maintenance型号model工件work piece日常使用daily use每隔一个月every other month衡阳质量技术监督局Hengyang Quality and Technical Supervision Bureau 停机shutdown注意事项Precautions必要时if necessary第三方监造the third party supervisor实物核对ID card and product checking二、专业类（螺纹类）接箍磷化coupling phosphating磷化膜Phosphating coating磷化层Phosphating layer润滑油lubricating oil丝扣thread防腐anti-corrosion粘扣thread gluing除油槽Degreasing bath酸洗槽Picking bath细化槽Refining bath磷化槽Phosphate bath钝化槽Deactivation bath清洗槽Washing bath除油剂degreaser磷化液phosphating liquid/solution还原铁粉reduced iron powder游离酸free acid沉渣sediment配槽configure groove除油Degreasing水洗Water rinsing酸洗Acid pickling细化Refining磷化Phosphating钝化Deactivation风干air drying残留液体residual liquid高合金钢high alloy steel移液管pipette锥形瓶conical flask酚酞指示剂phenolphthalein indicator当量equivalent氢氧化钠溶液sodium hydroxide solution当量浓度normal concentration游离酸度free acidity溴酚兰指示剂bromophenol blue indicator脱脂剂degreasing agent浓缩除锈剂concentration rust remover表调槽Surface activation groove表调剂surface activation powder悬浮状态suspension state混浊度turbidity总酸度total acidity碳酸锰manganese carbonate酸比acid ratio磕碰凹痕dent毛刺burr测厚仪thickness gauge接箍磷化技术规范Technical specification for coupling phosphating 接箍磷化记录The original record for coupling phosphating接箍拧接Coupling make-up特殊扣premium connection拧接机make-up machine转矩Torque转速Rotational speed液压压力Hydraulic pressure液压流量Hydraulic flow总功率Total power压力表pressure gauge测量范围measurement range精度Accuracy level扭矩测控仪Torque measuring and controlling instrument 深度卡尺Depth caliper最小分度值the minimum indexing value液压泵站hydraulic pump station液压油hydraulic oil油箱oil tank油泵oil pump45#机油45#engine oil泄露leakage控制手柄control handle电气控制按钮electrical control button电气部件electrical components输送轮conveying wheel调节盘adjusting plate托架bracket背钳back jaw主钳front jaw圆螺纹Round Threads偏梯形螺纹Buttress Threads油套管Casing and Tubing钳牙jaw teeth缺陷defect紧密距tight spacing外螺纹保护环outer thread protection ring螺纹表面及端面thread surface and end face内倒角inner beveled密封脂seal grease拧紧接箍Tighten the coupling偏梯形套管机eccentric trapezoidal casing machine外露螺纹exposed thread接箍手紧Coupling tighten by hand螺纹脂thread grease通径棒drift bar套管接箍端casing coupling end油管接箍端tubing coupling end夹痕clamp mark修磨polish and grind凹坑pit退拧break out油套管拧接上扣the tubing and casing make-up上扣三角形位置the triangle position of the make-up上卸扣实验Make-up and break out test一组接头a set of connection/joint生产工艺production process待拧管子和接箍the pipe and coupling to be made up曲线图形curve graph肩负扭矩shoulder torque扭矩校对Torque Calibration传感器sensor标准砝码standard weight圆棒杠杆round bar lever卷尺tape ruler装配Assembly偏差deviation信息采集中心information collection center调校adjust操作程序Operating procedures液压系统hydraulic system实测扭矩measured torque扭矩误差torque error给设备加润滑油lubricate the equipment偏梯形套管上扣BTC make-upHS系列特殊螺纹接头拧紧和螺纹保护技术规范Make up and thread protection Specification for HS serial premium connection三、专业类（探伤类）NDT:nondestructive testingMPI:magnetic particle testingMUT:Manual ultrasonic testingUT:ultrasonic testingVT:visual testingGB/T15822无损检测磁粉检测GB/T15822Non-destructive Testing-Magnetic Particle TestingASTM E709磁粉检测指南ASTM E709Standard Guide for Magnetic Particle TestingISO10893-5无损检测-磁粉检测ISO10893-5Non-destructive Testing-Magnetic Particle TestingGB/T5777无缝钢管超声波探伤检验方法GB/T5777Seamless steel tube and tubing methods for ultrasonic testingGB/T20490承压无缝和焊接(埋弧焊除外)钢管分层缺欠的超声检测GB/T20490Seamless and welded(except submerged arc-welded)steel tubes for pressure purposes-Ultrasonic testing for the detection of laminar imperfections ASTM E213金属管材超声波检测方法ASTM E213Standard practice for ultrasonic testing of metal Pipe and tubingISO10893-10无损检测-超声检测ISO10893-10Non-destructive testing of steel tubes-Part10:Automated full peripheral ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded(except submerged arc-welded) steel tubes for the detection of longitudinal and/or transverse imperfectionsISO10893-8无损检测-分层缺欠检测ISO10893-8Non-destructive testing of steel tubes-Part8:Automated ultrasonic testing of seamless and welded steel tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections ISO10893-12无损检测-测厚检测ISO10893-12Non-destructive testing of steel tubes-Part12:Automated full peripheral ultrasonic thickness testing of seamless and welded(except submerged arc-welded)steel tubesGB/T12606钢管漏磁探伤方法GB/T12606Testing Method of Magnetic Flux Leakage of Steel PipesASTM E570铁磁性钢管的漏磁检测标准方法ASTM E570Standard Practice for Flux Leakage Examination of Ferromagnetic Steel Tubular ProductsISO10893-3无损检测-漏磁检测ISO10893-3Non-destructive Testing-Magnetic Flux Leakage TestingGB/T5777无缝钢管超声波探伤检验方法GB/T5777Testing Method of Ultrasonic Testing of Seamless Steel Pipes ASTM E213金属管材超声波检测方法ASTM E213Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Testing of Metal Pipe and Tubing四、英文缩写PPE personal protecting equipment劳保用品ERP system Enterprise Resource Planning SystemsMES system Manufacturing and Execution SystemPSL Product Specification Level产品规范等级五、备注1、质保书提供中英文对照，各具体名称翻译以质保书最终版为准（摘录上面字段和对应英文翻译）。
中英文翻译、外文文献翻——译高压往复泵的特点
外文资料High-handed intercourse pump characteristic High pressure between 100 MPa moving back and forth responding to like pump sigmatism pressure in 10 MPa . It belongs to volume dyadic pump , the purpose drawing support from volume inside the cavity working coming to reach transportation liquid cyclicity change; The prime mover mechanical energy can by that the pump changes into the pressure transporting liquid's directly; Only, the pump capacities depend on job cavity volume changing value and their change number of times within unit time , have nothing to do with to discharging pressure theoretically. The pump moving back and forth is to be backed by the piston advance and return movement within liquid jar job cavity (or passing the flexibility component cyclicity within the cavity working such as baffle , bellows makes job cavity volume produce cyclicity change's coming elastic-deformation). Pump on structure, moving back and forth, Whose characteristic is summed up as follows:Microtime rate of flow is systolic.This is in the pump because of being moving back and forth, and liquid medium sucking in discharging process being to be in progress alternately, and the piston can't be in field change ceaseless in displacement process middle , whose speed among. In the pump only having a cavity working, not only the pump microtime rate of flow vary with with time, and be discontinuous. With job cavity increasing by, microtime rate of flow pulsation extent is more and more small, and even pragmatic upper not bad regard as to stabilize a stream. Average rate of flow is constantTheoretically, the pump rate of flow depends on main pump structure physics , chemical property independences such as parameter n (every minute intercourse number of times) , S (piston travel) , D (piston diameter) , Z (piston number) , the temperature , viscosity with the independence discharging pressure, andwith transporting medium only. Therefore saying a pump's, rate of flow is constant.The pump pressure depends on pipeline characteristic propertyUnable pressure been to depend on a pump unit because the pump sets a limit for per se, pipeline characteristic property, has nothing to do with rate of flow pump snapout moving back and forth moreover. Just say, if thinking that transporting liquid is incompressible,in terms of theory think that pump moving back and forth's discharge pressure will not accept any restricting , be OK to discharge pressure according to the pump unit pipeline characteristic property , the what any needs building a pump. The capital of pump moving back and forth natural , all the regulation discharging pressure's having a pump , this is not that pressure can not rise again, but say only because of prime mover fixed power and the pump saying the snapout that a pump self structure intensity restricting, do not allow being put into use under exceeding this once discharging pressure but self own.Have stronger adaptability to transporting mediumThe pump moving back and forth can transport any medium , physics function and chemistry function restricting hardly accepting medium in principle. Certainly, since hydraulic whole course of restricts as well as material and the manufacturing engineering sealing off a technology's, also may come across the condition being able to not fit in with sometimes.Have fine self attracts a function.The pump moving back and forth has fine sucking in not only function, and there are still fine self attracts a function. Have no need of irrigation pump therefore , to the pump moving back and forth most, generally before starting. Machine efficiency height , energy conservation.High-handed intercourse pump rate of flowThe pump theory rate of flow: Qt = AsnZStyle is hit by Qt pump theory rate of flow; A bar piston (or section of piston) area; S route or distance of travel; The n crank shaft rotation rate (or thebar piston every minute intercourse number of times) Z unites a number (bar piston or piston number)Actual pump rate of flow: Q = Qt－Q.Style is hit by Q pump rate of flow; Qt pump theory rate of flow; The pump rate of flow loses Q.The factor that the rate of flow bringing about a pump loses has: The volume bringing about since liquid compresses or expands is lost; The volume bringing about since the valve lags when being closed down is lost; Since the valve closes the day afer tomorrow do not lose strictly, by sealing off the volume that leakage soft and floury brings about; The volume by the fact that the bar piston , piston rod or the piston ring leakage bring about is lost. The pump microtime rate of flowSingle cylinder Shan effect pump rate of flow curve:QtThree jar Shan effects pumps rate of flow is the single cylinder Shan effect pump rate of flow overlying on three phasesWhose curve as follows: QtThe pump powerThe pump effective power: The energy that the inner , the liquid being discharged by the pump gain time the unit from the pump is called an effective power.Ne＝PQIn style, the Ne effective power , P satisfy pressure , Q rate of flow Unit queen formula becomes substitution:Ne(KW)＝1/36.7×P(Kgf/cm2)×Q(m3/h)。
直动式液压往复泵毕业设计外文翻译
本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译译文学生姓名：院（系）：专业班级：指导教师：完成时间：天然气井往复泵优化设计参数Optimum Design Parameters for ReciprocatingPumps Used in Natural Gas Wells作者：Jeffrey J. Rudolf，Ted R. Heidrick，Brian A. Fleck，V. S. V. Rajan起止页码：285-292出版日期（期刊号）：DECEMBER 2005, Vol. 127出版单位：Journal of Energy Resources Technology最近提出了井下直接作用往复泵系统模型的实验和理论研究专利。
这项技术(美国，专利号：5860795)利用天然气井分别产生气液两相，通过利用气体力量使泵将液体带到地面上。
这将增加许多北美天然气井的时间利用率。
实验和建模确定了保持流量最低储层压力的优化设计参数；一种最佳的气/液活塞面积比率大约是40。
泵系统摩擦力的影响将在这个优化设计上有一个小的影响。
调查的结果将被用来设计和构建一个测试领域的标准。
【分类号：10.1115/1.2000274】k1摘要伴随自然气体的生产，井筒积液是一个很常见的问题。
井筒积液发生在当气井被操作在两相流动（尤其是气体伴随一些液体）配置并且气相缺乏足够的动力把液相带到水面上。
在北美，随着天然气井井筒积液问题变得越来越重要，一系列的技术为解决这个问题而兴起。
Lea和Nickens 的评论给出了一个绝佳的天然气井井筒积液的解决方案概述。
一个新技术被Ridley et al申请专利用来解决天然气井井筒积液问题。
该技术包括操作天然气井分别产生气液两相，利用气相的力量驱动泵把液相带到水面上。
类似想法的创新提出了井下抽油杆、进步腔泵和井下分离器的油井应用软件并且是石油生产的基本要素。
这里介绍的工作是一个完全原创的创新，特别是用于与液体产品相关的天然气井。
无人值班大型离心泵站的技术要求
对无人值班大型离心泵站主要的设备提出了具体的技术要求和参考标准。
关键词： 无人值班离心泵站； 技术要求； 参考标准
中图分类号： ＴＶ６７５
文献标识码： Ａ
大型泵站无人值班是指通过优秀的设计及最优化的方案， 采用综 合 自 动 化 系 统 ， 借 助 先 进 的 指 挥 、调 控 、监 测 、通 信 系 统 ， 以 大 型 泵 站 的 安 全 、可 靠 、经 济 运 行 为 基 本 出 发 点 ， 保 持 对 大 型 泵 站 运 行 参 数 和 主 机 组、辅助设备、辅助设施及配套的水工建筑物等的运行状况的全面监 视 、控 制 ， 以 实 现 泵 站 现 场 的 无 人 或 少 人 值 班 的 一 种 运 行 管 理 模 式 。 大 型 离 心 泵 站 要 实 现 全 天 候 无 人 值 班 ， 不 仅 要 有 一 套 长 期 运 行 稳 定 、可 靠 的 综 合 计 算 机 监 控 系 统 ， 而 且 需 要 有 一 系 列 动 作 灵 敏 、可 靠 性 高 的 基 础 设 备 与 之 相 配 合 ， 还 需 具 备 一 系 列 的 技 术 措 施 、组 织 措 施 和 先 进 的 管 理 手 段 与 之 相 适 应 。实 行 无 人 值 班 、少 人 值 守 这 一 管 理 模 式 具 有 明 显 的 经 济效益和社会效益， 将大大提高运行的可靠性， 减少人为事成本， 推动泵站行业的科 技进步。
３ 大型泵站现代化主电动机的技术要求
大 型 泵 站 主 电 动 机 的 配 置 除 应 满 足《泵 站 设 计 规 范》中 的 有 关 规 定 外， 还应符合下列要求：
（ １） 无 人 值 班 泵 站 主 电 动 机 应 优 先 选 用 节 能 型 和 高 防 护 等 级 的 电 机， 电动机防护等级不要低于 ＩＰ５６。
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Characteristics of technology and the basic parameters of the process equipment.Pumping station technological equipment is selected according to the settings of flow and pressure, taking into account the schedule of water consumption made on the basis of calculations on water consumption of irrigated land.技术特点和工艺设备的基本参数。
泵站的技术设备是根据流量和压力的设置来选择，还要考虑到水消耗以及土地灌溉用水计划。
Technical Indicators pumping station and the main pump unit.技术指标泵站主泵机组Technological part .In accordance with the specified parameters , taking into account the schedule of water consumption as the main equipment at the pumping station taken to install horizontal centrifugal pumps feed 10800 m3 / h ( W, 0m3/sek ) pressure of 30 mThe total number of pumps installed to cover the required water supply (including a forced flow ) 15.51 m3 / s - 6 units, one of them redundant .Driven pumps are asynchronous electric motors 1250kvt , speed of 500 rev / min 6000 V in .Technical characteristics of the equipment received is given in the table of technical indicators.Water intake is carried raised the suction pipe of a single camera . Creation of a vacuum in the suction pipe is provided by water-air ejector charge which produced one of the drainage pumps . The number of cameras equal to the number of units , each unit is equipped with the trash rack cleaning which is installed soroochistnaya machine .根据指定的参数，考虑到水消耗，主设备在泵站的安装采取卧式离心泵供水10800立方米/小时（W，0m3 /瑞典克朗）30米的压力安装盖所需的供水泵的总人数（包括强制流）15.51立方米/秒- 6个单位，其中的一个冗余。
异步电动机驱动的泵1250kvt，在500转/分钟的速度，6000 V。
设备技术特点是在接收技术指标表。
水的摄入量进行了单摄像机的吸管。
在吸入管真空创作水空气喷射器的电荷产生的排水泵提供。
摄像机等于单位数，每个单元设有拦污栅安装soroochistnaya清洗机。
The suction pipes, steel , length 25 m 1,420 mostly bombarded . Pressure lines on the basic units in the building of a pumping station provided with electric gate DN1000 .The initial portion of the discharge pipe is made of a pipe diameter of 1220mm . The initial section of the check valves are installed in the well Du1200 . Check valves for service over the well or Manual mobile hoist 1 ton payload Next also installed in the well flow .Penstock 1,420- strewn , the number of threads - 6 , equal to the number of units , the length of each thread 1400m . In order to protect the pipeline from hydro impact on the highway penstock valves are installed venting. Pipelines with pressure siphon pool mate , at the top of which is set to break the flow valve vacuum breakdown . Emptying pressure pipes through valves DN200 and DN200 pipeline further in avankameru . Provides cleaning, priming and painting the exposed outer surfaces of pipelines . Fallen asleep on the pipe sections provides anticorrosion measures to GOST 9.602 - 05 .吸入管，钢，长度25米1420的主要轰炸。
在一个抽水站设有电动门的DN1000建设的基本单位的压力线。
排放管的初始部分是由1220mm管直径。
止回阀的初始部分安装在井du1200。
在井或手动移动式启闭机1吨的有效载荷下也安装在井流止回阀服务。
钢管1420上的螺纹，6个数，等于单位的数量，每个线程1400m的长度。
为了防止水的公路上压力管道安装排气阀的影响。
压力管道虹吸池的伴侣，在它的顶部是打破流量阀的真空击穿。
排空通过阀门和压力管DN200 DN200管道进一步avankameru。
提供清洁，启动和绘画的暴露外表面的管道。
睡着的管段防腐措施提供9.602 - 05页GOST。
To ensure normal operation of the pumping station and the main equipment provides for the following systems:- Trash facilities with the installation soroochistnoymachine ;drainage system (filling and emptying of the suction and discharge piping );- Service water supply system;- The system of material handling equipment;- Ventilation and heating system.- System instrumentation.Drain the machine room as drainage pumps made in the amount of cantilever pumps three pieces. Two of them on the Q = 85M3 / H and H = head 28.6 m with electric N = 11 KB T; third pump for emergency operation, Q = 315 m3 / h and为确保泵站正常运行和主要设备提供以下系统：与安装soroochistnoymachine垃圾的设施；排水系统（充盈和排空的吸入和排出管道）；服务的供水系统；-物料搬运设备的系统；通风和加热系统。
系统的仪器。
排水器排水泵室的泵量由三块悬臂。
在q = 85m3 / H和H =头28.6米电动n = 11 kb的两；紧急操作第三泵，Q = 315立方米/小时，pressure H-20 m with electric N = 30KBT. This pump is also used for the initial filling of the suction and pressure pipes.Water purification provided hydrocyclones on each unit . Water is supplied to the hydrocycloneavankamery of cantilever pumps . For rigging work is done indoors in the drain manual mobile hoist g / n 1 ton .In building a pumping station to transport the equipment provided electrical lifting cranes , g / n 20 tons, span 10.5 mTo create a comfortable environment and clean air in the work area of the pumping station building , premises PU project provides ventilation .Air inlets with 2 centrifugal radial fan with duct -mounted indoors and underground drainage of the machine room.Air extraction in the aerial part of the pumping station building roof fans are provided in an amount of 6 pieces. The project provides ventilation and heating control panel and domestic premises . Heating building local pumping station , in case of repairs in the winter.The installation of instrumentation for:- Metering horizons water supply channel ;- Measuring the pressure drop to the trash screen , controlling debris lattice ;- Determination of the operating pressure on the discharge line ;- Monitoring the presence of water in the pipes , technical water feed on seals, bearings in cooling ;压电h-20 M与N = 30kbt。