the power of nature V. ing 讲解

归纳总结：
动词非谓语形式 中的一种， ◆动词-ing是 ________________ 谓语 单独使用时, 能在句中做除_________
之外的任何其他句子成分。如: 主语、 宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。 主动 ◆在语态上，动词-ing表示 ________ (主动/被动的动作)。 正在进行 在时间上, 动词-ing一般表示 _________ (正在进行/已经完成)的动作。
3. 使用- ing形式需注意的辑主语必 须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致， 必须用独立主格结构来表示，也就是 在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。
My wife had a long talk with Sally, explaining why she didn’t want the children to play together. 我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间, 解释 她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。
分词短语做状语时，前面可以加上连词 或介词，但是分词短语和句子之间不能 用并列连词(如but，and)，因为并列连 词接的是两个并列成分，而分词短语只 是全句的一个状语部分，分词和主句之 间可用逗号。
例如: 误: Having been told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 正: He was told many times, but he still couldn’t understand it. 或 Having been told many times, he still couldn’t understand it.
of great importance. __________________________________
Exercise 2: 用having been told / having told填空：
1) ______________ Having told him the answer several timeS, I did’t know whether he could understand. Having been told the answer several times, 2) _________________ he still couldn’t sovle the question.
分词的否定形式是在分词短语 前面加上 not, never等否定词构 成。
例如: Not fearing the fire, the child touched and got a finger burnt. 小孩儿不知道 怕火，用手去摸，把手指烫了。 Not knowing how to find the subway, I asked a policeman for help. 我不知怎 样找到地铁，就去找警察帮忙。
Answer key for Exercise 1 on Page 37 : Having collected and evaluated the information, I help other scientists … Having worked hard all day, I went to bed early. Having earlier collected special clothes from the observatory, we put them on before … Having studied volcanoes now for many years, I am still amazed…
高考链接 4. _______ A such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffered C. To suffer D. Suffered 解析：答案A。由already提示，分词动 作发生在谓语之前，故须用分词的完成 式。
一、动词-ing形式作状语 用法 例句
时间 Walking along the street, I met Mary. (= While I was walking along the street….) 在街上走的时候, 我遇到了玛丽。
用法
例句
原因 Being tired, I stopped to take a rest. (= Because I was tired, …) 因为疲倦, 我停下来休息。 条件 Turning to the left, you will find the school. (= If you turn to the left, …) 向左走, 你就会找到那个学校。
用法
例句
让步 Knowing where I live, he never comes to see me . (= Though he knows where I live, …) 尽管他知道我的住处, 但从不来 看我。
用法
例句
伴随 I stood there, waiting for her. (= …, and waited for her.) 我站在那儿等她。 结果 It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in the area. (= It rained heavily so that it caused severe flooding in the area.) 在这个地方雨 下的如此大, 以至引发了洪灾。
例句
观察下列2个句子, 体会having done与 doing的不同用法:
1) Having written the letter, John went to the post office. 2) Seeing the beautiful sight, the children felt excited.
二、动词 –ing形式的完成式 句型 主动 Having + p.p. …, 主语+谓语 被动 (Having been) + p.p. …, 主语+谓语
用法
1) –ing形式的完成式所表示的 时间在谓语动词之前 2) 表示被动可直接用过去分词 Having finished my work, I went home. (= After I had finished my work, …) 工作做完之后, 我就回家了。
3. When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as light as day. Waking up in the middle of the night, she saw her room was as bright as day. 4. After we had stopped the car, we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn’t see clearly ahead. Having stopped the car, we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldn’t see clearly ahead.
Discovering useful structures
Revising the –ing form
本课时重、难点
• 重点: ①动词-ing形式的作用 ②动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用 • 难点: 动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别
观察下列例句, 思考划线部分作用。 (1) This is an interesting book. ( 定语 ) (2) The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher. ( 定语 ) (3) Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up. ( 状语 ) (4) I saw the boy walking on the street yesterday. ( 宾补 ) (5) Playing football is his favotire sport. (主语 ) (6) I didn’t stop working last night. ( 宾语 ) (7) My work is teaching English. ( 表语 )
总结:
完成式
V-ing
一般式
having done doing
表动作有先有后 表动作同时发生
举一反三 :
主动
被动 being done having been done
doing 一般式 ① V-ing having ②完成式 done
Exercise 1:
1) 她被蛇咬了三次后, 她看见蛇后就害怕。 Having been bitten by the snake __________________________________
for three times, she feels frightened __________________________________ when seeing the snake. ___________________________________
2) 正在进行的那个会议非常重要。 The meeting now being held is __________________________________
主动 主句主语为动作的发出者。
归纳 被动 主句主语为动作的承受者。
高考链接
1. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, B _______ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 解析：答案B。running away在此作 shouted的伴随状语，由Janet发出这一 动作。