2021届江苏省常州高级中学高三上学期1月调研考试英语试题(解析版)

江苏省常州高级中学2020-2021学年高三第一学期1月调研考试

英语试题

第一部分听力（共两节, 满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题; 每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A19.15 B.9.18 C.9.15

答案是C。

1. If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing.

A. Taking more clothes.

B. Going inside the room.

C. Going for a cup of coffee.

2. Where does this conversation probably take place?

A. In a hotel

B. In a concert hall.

C. In a meeting room.

3. Where are the speakers going?

A. To work.

B. For a trip.

C. To their neighbors.

4. What does the woman mean?

A. All the TV sets are sold out.

B. All the TV sets are sold at a low price.

C. People are selling their TV sets.

5. What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A. Boss and secretary.

B. Coach and athlete.

C. Doctor and patient.

第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7题。

6. What's the woman?

A. A model.

B. An actress.

C. A waitress.

7. Where did the woman work before she got the present job?

A. In a restaurant.

B. In an art school.

C. In a film studio.

听下面一段对话，回答第8和第9题。

8. What does the man want to do?

A. To find a house with low rent.

B. To share a room with his close friend.

C. To rent some place to live in.

9. Why does the man want to live with a lady who has retired?

A. The lady can do housework for him.

B. He needs a place quiet enough to study.

C. He wants to live neat.

听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12题。

10. Where are the speakers?

A. In London.

B. In Paris.

C. In Italy.

11. What's the probable relationship between the two speakers?

A. Old classmates.

B. Husband and wife.

C. Members in the school football team.

12. What can we know about the woman when she was a student according to the man?

A. She was not good at languages.

B. She always gave wrong answers.

C. She was poor in remembering things.

听下面一段对话，回答第13至第16题。

13. What's the woman speaker?

A. A tour guide.

B. A receptionist.

C. A shop assistant.

14. What service did the man want?

A. A honeymoon suite (套房).

B. A smaller single room.

C. Not mentioned.

15. Where is the Watermill Inn located? .

A. In Florida.

B. In New York.

C. In California.

16. What kind of information did the man want to get?

A. About the accommodation.

B. About the honeymoon trip.

C. About the vacation.

听下面一段独自，回答第17至第20题。

17. Which plays a major role in making this extreme environment?

A. Plants and animals.

B. Strong winds.

C. Intense heat and little rain.

18. What will happen when people are walking on dunes (沙丘)？

A. They can enjoy the beautiful sight of sand moving.

B. They can see many special plants.

C. They get lost easily during storms.

19. What can we learn about White Sands from the passage?

A. It is one of the largest sand dune fields in the world,

B. People can get to know its natural history while driving into it.

C. People are not allowed to camp here overnight.

20. What is the main purpose of the passage?

A. To attract tourists to White Sands.

B. To describe the history of White Sands.

C. To introduce guided tours to White Sands.

第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

Gino Bartali’s story is one of the most dramatic examples during World War II of an Italian willing to risk his own life to save the lives of strangers. During his lifetime, Bartali didn't talk about his wartime activities. It was only after his death in 2000 that details began to emerge.

Gino Bartali, a villager from a poor family, born in Florence in 1914, became a professional cyclist in 1935. He was reaching the peak of h is career as the war approached. He won his first Giro d'Italia, one of the world’s biggest cycling races in 1936, retaining the title in 1937, and then in 1946. Much to Italy's delight, he won the Tour de France in1938 and 1948.

At this point Bartali was asked to join a secret network offering protection and safe passages to Jews and other endangered people. His role in the network was uniquely suited to his talents - he became a courier. On the face of it he was undertaking the long training rides, but in reality he was carrying photographs and counterfeit identity documents to and from a secret printing press.

All were hidden in the frame and handlebars of his bicycle. He travelled thousands of kilometres across Italy, travelling the roads between cities as far apart as Florence, Lucca, Genoa, Assisi, and the Vatican in Rome. By taking on this role, he put himself at huge risk. At one point he was arrested and questioned by the head of the secret police in Florence, where he lived. In spite of knowing that the Germans were killing everybody who was hiding Jews, he still hid his Jewish friend. He was risking not only his life but also his family.

"When people were telling him, 'Gino, you're a hero', he would reply, 'No, no —I want to be remembered for my sporting achievements. Real heroes are others, those who have suffered in their soul, in their heart, in their spirit, in their mind, for their loved ones. Those are the real heroes. I'm just a cyclist.'"

1. The underlined word in Paragraph 1 probably means ___________.

A. appear

B. download

C. boom

D. apply

2. What can we learn about Gino Bartali?

A. He hid messages in his suit.

B. He founded a secret network.

C. He won five champions in all.

D. He was proud of his saving Jews.

3. What did Gino Bartali hope to be remembered?

A. A hero saving Jews.

B. A man loving his family.

C. A person fighting for his country.

D. A cyclist making great achievement.

【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Gino Bartali在二战期间冒着生命危险拯救陌生人的生命，他的事迹直到他死后才被人们熟知。文章介绍了他的个人经历以及对自己行为的看法。

【1题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“During his lifetime, Bartali didn't talk about his wartime activities.( 在他的一生中，Bartali从未谈论过他的战时活动)”可知，Bartali直到2000年他去世后，有关他战时活动的细节才出现。划线词意思是“出现”。A. appear出现；B. download下载；C. boom繁荣；D. apply应用。故选A。

【2题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“He won his f irst Giro d'Italia, one of the world’s biggest cycling races in 1936, retaining the title in 1937, and then in 1946. Much to Italy's delight, he won the Tour de France in1938 and 1948.(1936年，他第一次赢得了环意自行车赛冠军，这是世界上最大的自行车比赛之一，并在1937年和1946年蝉联冠军。让意大利非常高兴的是，他在1938年和1948年赢得了环法自行车赛冠军)”可知，Gino Bartali 一共赢得了五次冠军。故选C。

【3题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段中“When people were telling him, 'Gino, you're a hero', he would reply, 'No, no —I want to be remembered for my sporting achievements.(当人们对他说，‘吉诺，你是英雄’，他会回答，‘不，不——我想因我的体育成就被人记住)”可知，Gino Bartali希望他以取得巨大成就的自行车手被人们记住。故选D。

B

Emily Bonfim Camargo, a 10-yeiir-old girl, has cerebral palsy （大脑性瘫痪）. Because of her condition, her involuntary movements prevent her from freely holding objects with her hands or standing up. She's never been able to wa lk, but that doesn't mean she doesn’t have the same dreams and hopes as other children. In particular, she's always wanted to ride a bicycle.

“That was her dream, and I had 10 do something to help,” her grandfather. Clovis Urias dos Santos, a

69-year-old former construction worker? said. First he tried to make his granddaughter^ dream come true by buying her a tricycle （三轮车）. Unfortunately, she was unable to hold the handlebars to guide the vehicle, and she couldn't keep her balance on the seat. Her grandfather, however, isn't a man who is easily discouraged.

In his home workshop he started to think of how he could make a more stable tricycle for her. He started to take things apart and put the useful pieces back together. “ I fixed the pedals （踏板）with brakes, and I didn't put on handlebars,” he told Sempre Familia a local news medium.

This vehicle isn't just fun；it's also practical. Clovis added a basket behind the seat, so that Emily can carry her backpack for school, or some groceries, because she likes to go to the supermarket and bakery with him. Emily's special tricycle is also stylish. "After the tricycle was ready, I painted it pink and purple because Emily chose those colors. She was very happy, and I was even happier," Clovis said.

There's no cure for cerebral palsy, although there is medicine to decrease involuntary muscle movements. So what does the future hold for Emily? Only time will tell, but the support of her family will fill her future with hope.

4. What do we know about Emily from paragraph 1?

A She can't afford a new bike.

B. She has set up a home workshop.

C. She hasn't been able io walk since 10.

D She shares common dreams with others.

5. Which of the following word can best describe Clovis?

A. Courageous and calm.

B. Determined and loving.

C. Cooperative and generous.

D. Ambitious and professional.

6. How would Emily control the tricycle her grandfather made?

A. By holding the handlebars.

B. By keeping her balance on the seat.

C. By putting her hand on the brakes.

D. By pressing the brakes on the pedals.

7. What's the main idea of the text?

A. A family that is full of love.

B. A tricycle made of useful pieces.

C. A girl got a present from her grandfather.

D. A grandfather creates a tricycle for his granddaughter.

【答案】4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了一位爷爷为了让自己患有脑瘫的孙女圆梦骑车，而改造三轮车的故事。

【详解】1.细节理解题。根据第一段的“but that doesn't mean she doesn't have the same dreams and hopes as other children. In particular, she's always wanted to ride a bicycle. ”（但这并不意味着她没有和其他孩子一样的梦想和希望。特别是，她一直想骑自行车。）可知，Emily也跟其他人一样有自己的梦想。故选D。

2.推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句话“Her grandfather, however, isn't a man who is easily discouraged.”（然而，她的祖父并不是一个容易气馁的人。）可知爷爷是个不轻言放弃的人。同时他不辞辛苦地为孙女改造自行车，说明他是一个心中充满爱的人。故选B。

3.细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“I fixed the pedals（踏板）with brakes，and I didn't put on handlebars，”（我在踏板上安装了刹车闸，没有把车把装上）可知，爷爷在踏板上安装了刹车闸，所以小女孩可以通过脚踩踏板上的刹车闸控制三轮车。故选D。

4.主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段讲述了一个十岁小女孩患有大脑性瘫痪，但是她有一个骑自行车的梦想，第二段到倒第二段讲述了小女孩的爷爷通过不懈努力改装出一辆可以让小女孩骑的自行车，最后一段表明家人的支持会让小女孩的未来充满希望。所以本文讲述了一位爷爷为了让自己患有脑瘫的孙女圆梦骑车，而改造三轮车的故事。故选D。

C

Many people say they wouldn't cheat on a test, lie on a job application or refuse to help a person in need. But what if you have to face the test answers and cheating didn't require any work on your part? If you didn't have to face the person who needed your help and refuse them? Would that change your behavior?

New research shows it might. In two studies that tested participants' willingness to behave immorally, the

research team discovered people will behave badly —if it doesn't involve too much work on their part.

In one study, participants took a math test on a computer after being warned there were problems in the system. One group was told if they pressed the space bar, the answer to the question would appear on the screen. The second group was told if they didn't press the enter key within five seconds, the answer would appear. "People in the second group — those who didn't have to physically press a button to get the answers—were much more likely to cheat," says Associate Psychology Professor Michael Inzlicht, second author on the study.

In another study, the team asked participants whether they would volunteer to help a student with a learning disability complete a component of the test. One group of participants had only the freedom to check a 'yes' or 'no' box on the computer. The second group of people could follow a link at the bottom of the page to volunteer their help or simply press 'continue' to move on to the next page of their test. Participants were five times more likely to volunteer when they had to pick either 'yes' or 'no.'

"When people are faced with actively doing the right thing or the wrong thing, there are a lot of emotions involved—such as guilt and shame—that guide them to make the moral choice. When the transgression is more passive, however, we saw more people doing the wrong thing, and we believe this is because the moral emotions in such situations are probably less serious." Teper says.

"Forcing people to make an active, moral decision is going to be much more effective than allowing them to passively skip over a request," he says.

8. What is the new research mainly about?

A. People behave badly if not required too much on their part.

B. Most of the tested participants wouldn’t cheat or tell lies.

C. It’s too difficult to behave badly for people.

D. People are unwilling to behave immorally.

9. The underlined word “immorally” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by _________.

A. positively

B. badly

C. indifferently

D. cautiously

10. In the first study, people in Group 2 were much more likely to cheat because ______.

A. They were asked to do so.

B. It doesn’t involve too much work on their part.

C. They can get fun from it.

D. It’s typical of them to cheat.

11. What should we do to guide people to make moral choice?

A. Allow them to passively skip over the request.

B. Make them feel guilty to avoid bad behavior.

C. Force them to make a moral decision.

D. Try to involve as many as emotions.

【答案】8. D 9. B 10. B 11. C

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。研究发现人们不愿意做不道德的事情，文章介绍了这两项研究开展的过程以及研究发现当人们面对积极做正确或错误的事情时，会有很多情绪，比如内疚和羞愧，引导他们做出道德选择。

【8题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“New research shows it might. In two studies that tested participants' willingness to behave immorally, the research team discovered people will behave badly —if it doesn't involve too much work on their part.(新的研究表明这是有可能的。在两项测试参与者做不道德行为的意愿的研究中，研究小组发现如果人们不需要付出太多努力，他们会表现得很糟糕)”可知，这项新研究的主要内容是人们不愿意做不道德的事。故选D。

【9题详解】

词义猜测题。根据第一段“Many people say they wouldn't cheat on a test, lie on a job application or refuse to help a person in need. But what if you have to face the test answers and cheating didn't require any work on your part? If you didn't have to face the person who needed your help and refuse them? Would that change your behavior?( 许多人说他们不会在考试中作弊，不会在工作申请中撒谎，也不会拒绝帮助有需要的人。但如果你要面对考试的答案，而作弊并不需要你付出任何努力呢？如果你不用面对那些需要你帮助的人并拒绝他们呢？这会改变你的行为吗？)”以及画线词上文“New research shows it might.(新的研究表明这是有可能的)”和后文“the research team discovered people will behave badly”可知，新的研究表明人们如果进行不道德行为或行为不良时，他们可能会表现得很糟糕，即画线词可用B选项“坏地，不良地”替换。A. positively积极地；B. badly坏地，不良地；C. indifferently冷漠地；D. cautiously慎重地。故选B。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“In two studies that tested participants' willingness to behave immorally, the research team discovered people will behave badly —if it doesn't involve too much work on their part.(在两项测试参与者做不道德行为的意愿的研究中，研究小组发现人们会表现得很糟糕——前提是他们不需要付出太多努力)”以及第三段中“People in the second group —those who didn't have to physically press a button to get the answers—were much more likely to cheat(第二组的人——那些不需要按按钮就能得到答案的人——更有可能作弊)”可知，在第一项研究中，第二组的人更有可能作弊，因为他们不需要付出太多努力。故选B。

【11题详解】

细节理解题。根据最后一段“"Forcing people to make an active, moral decision is going to be much more effective than allowing them to passively skip over a request," he says.( 他说:“强迫人们做出一个积极的、合乎道德的决定，要比让他们被动地跳过一个要求有效得多。”)”可知，我们应该强迫人们做一个道德的决定来引导人们做出道德选择。故选C。

D

Most of the wind available on land is too gentle to push commercial wind turbine（涡轮机），but now researchers in China have designed a kind of "tiny wind turbine,, that can use wind energy from breezes as little as those created by a quick walk. The new device is not technically a turbine. It is a nanogenerator made of two plastic strips in a tube that clap together when there is airflow. Like rubbing a balloon to your hair, the two plastics become electrically charged after being separated from contact, a phenomenon called the triboelectric effect. But instead of making your hair stand up like Einstein's, the electricity generated by the two plastic strips is captured and stored.

"Our intention isn't to replace existing wind power generation technology. "Our goal is to solve the issues that the traditional wind turbines can't solve?" says Ya Yang, a researcher from Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems. "Unlike wind turbines that use coils and magnets （磁石）where the costs are fixed, we can pick and choose low-cost materials for our device. Our device can also be safely applied to nature reserves or cities because it doesn't have the rotating （旋转）structures.

Yang says he has a small vision and a big vision for the project's next steps. In the past, Yang and his colleagues have designed a nanogenerator as small as a coin, but he wants to make it even tinier and more compact with higher efficiency. Yang is also looking to make the device bigger and more powerful. "I'm hoping to scale up the device to produce 1,000 watts. We can place these devices where traditional wind turbines can't reach. We can put it in the mountains or on the top of buildings for sustainable energy.

12. What do we know about the new device in paragraph 1?

A. It is called tiny wind turbine.

B. It can help you walk quickly.

C. It consists of a tube and two plastic strips.

D. It is a turbine used to store the electricity.

13. What advantage does the new device have?

A. Its cost is fixed because of materials used in it;

B. It has solved the problems the old device can't.

C. It creates a cheap and secure way of making electricity.

D. It can take the place of the present wind generators.

14. What does Yang mean by saying he has a big vision for the project's next steps?

A. He intends to make the device much smaller.

B He plans to apply the device to nature reserves and cities.

C. He means to make the device more powerful and widely used.

D. He wants to make the device the biggest one in the country.

15. In which section of a website can you find this text?

A. Science.

B. Culture.

C. Fashion.

D. Business.

【答案】12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A

【解析】

这是一篇科技数明文。本文主要讲述中国的研究人员发明了一个小型风力涡轮机，可以把微乎其微的风力利用起来。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段中“The new device is not technically a turbine. It is a nanogenerator made of two plastic strips in a tube that clap together when there is airflow.（从技术上讲，新装置不是涡轮。它是一种纳米发电机，由管中的两个塑料条组成，当有气流时，塑料条会拍打在一起。）”可知，这种新设备是由两个塑料带和一个管子组成。故选C。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段中“"Unlike wind turbines that use coils and magnets （磁石）where the costs are fixed, we can pick and choose low-cost materials for our device. Our device can also be safely applied to nature reserves or cities because it doesn't have the rotating （旋转）structures. ”(不像使用固定成本的线圈和磁铁的涡轮机，我们可以为设备选择低成本的材料设备。我们的设备还可以安全地在自然保护区或城市使用，因为它没有旋转结构)可知，这种新的装置，可以选择低成本的材料，而且使用时也不需要旋转装置，所以可以安全地投入使用，即它创造了一个便宜且安全的发电方式。故选C。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I'm hoping to scale up the device to produce 1, 000 watts. We can place these devices where traditional wind turbines can't reach. We can put it in the mountains or on the top of buildings for sustainable energy.（我希望把这个装置的功率放大到1000瓦。我们可以把这些设备放在传统风力涡轮机够不着的地方。我们可以把它放在山上或建筑物的顶部，以获得可持续能源。）”可知，他的雄伟蓝图是要这种装置发电量更大，并且可以在目前的风力发电机不能工作的地方使用。故选C。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“but now researchers in China have designed a kind of "tiny wind turbine,, that can use wind energy from breezes as little as those created by a quick walk. （但现在中国的研究人员已经设计出一种“微型风力涡轮机”，它可以利用微风产生的风能，和快速行走产生的风能一样少。）”可知，本文主要介绍了中国研究人员发明了一个小型风力涡轮机，以及该涡轮机的工作原理、优势等内容。该涡轮机是一项科学发明，由此推知本文很可能出现在网站的科学部分。故选A。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

For Christians around the world, Wednesday is the beginning of Lent. It is the first day of a six-week religious observance before the Easter holiday.

Lent is a time of sacrifice. ___16___. But before Lent begins, people get one last chance to enjoy themselves. Some attend celebrations on the Tuesday before Lent, also known as Fat Tuesday. In some cultures, people celebrate Fat Tuesday by eating a sweet bread treat called paczki. ___17___. On Tuesday, the Paczki Day was trending on social media. Many people shared photographs of the sugary, round treats.

Traditionally, paczki is filled with sweet fruity jams made from plums and the fruits of the rose plant. ___18___. It is reported that a hot dog stand will serve a “Coney Paczki.” That is a piece of meat inside of sweet paczki instead of a traditional bun. One can add mustard, chili and even onions. ___19___.

Other people celebrated Paczki Day by bringing large boxes of the treats to their office. A Twitter user posted a photo of at least 20 paczki and asked “is there such a thing as too many paczki?” ___20___. He found them at a food stand in one Detroit neighborhood, and made a video showing his paczki-eating experience.

A. So Fat Tuesday is also known as Paczki Day.

B. Paczki are from Poland and similar to doughnuts.

C. But another more traditional Twitter user thought it was just not the right way to celebrate Fat Tuesday.

D. Many Christians stop eating meat and give up sugar and alcoholic drinks.

E. A doctor from Egypt went looking for halal paczki.

F. Christmas is the main festival of Christians all over the world.

G. But these days, people will put just about anything inside paczki.

【答案】16. D 17. B 18. G 19. C 20. E

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了基督徒的四旬斋节日和一种传统食物“甜圈饼”。

【16题详解】

根据上文“Lent is a time of sacrifice. (四旬斋是牺牲的时刻)”以及后文“But before Lent begins, people get one last chance to enjoy themselves.(但在四旬斋开始之前，人们有最后一次机会享受生活)”可知，上文提到了四旬斋是牺牲的时刻，可知本句具体说明有哪些牺牲，故D选项“许多基督徒停止吃肉，放弃糖和酒精饮料”符合语境，故选D。

【17题详解】

根据上文“In some cultures, people celebrate Fat Tuesday by eating a sweet bread treat called paczki.( 在一些文化中，人们通过吃一种叫做甜圈饼的甜面包来庆祝肥胖星期二)”可知，上文提到了“甜圈饼”这种食物，可知本句承接上文继续说明这种食物的情况，故B选项“甜圈饼来自波兰，类似于甜甜圈”符合语境，故选B。【18题详解】

根据上文“Traditionally, paczki is filled with sweet fruity jams made from plums and the fruits of the rose plant.(传统上，甜圈饼的馅料是用李子和玫瑰果实制成的甜果酱)”可知，上文提到了甜圈饼传统上的做法，可推知本句应当是说明甜圈饼如今的一些变化，故G选项“但是现在，人们会把任何东西放进甜圈饼里面”符合语境，故选G。

【19题详解】

根据上文“It is reported that a hot dog stand will serve a “Coney Paczki.” That is a piece of meat inside of sweet paczki instead of a traditional bun. One can add mustard, chili and even onions.(据报道，一家热狗摊将供应“Coney Paczki”。那是一块肉夹在甜的甜圈饼面包里，而不是传统的小圆面包。可以加芥末，辣椒，甚至洋葱)”可知，上文提到了一个热狗摊供应的不同于传统形式的甜圈饼，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明人们对这一做法的看法。故C选项“但是另一个更传统的推特用户认为这不是庆祝肥胖星期二的正确方式”符合语境，故选C。

【20题详解】

根据上文“A Twitter user posted a photo of at least 20 paczki and asked “is there such a thing as too many paczki?”(一位推特用户发布了一张至少20个甜圈饼的照片，并问道：“甜圈饼太多了吗？”)”以及后文“He found them at a food stand in one Detroit neighborhood, and made a video showing his paczki-eating experience.(他在底特律一个街区的一个小吃摊上找到了这些食物，并制作了一段视频，展示他吃甜圈饼的经历)”可知，上文提到一个推特用户发布了甜圈饼的照片，后文则说他在一个小吃摊上找到了这些食物，可知本句应当是在说明他寻找这些食物的经过。故E选项“一位来自埃及的医生去寻找清真的甜圈饼”符合语境，故选E。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Migrant workers

In the past twenty years, there has been an increasing tendency for workers to move from one country to another. While some newly independent countries have ___21___ most jobs to local people, others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers. This is particularly the ___22___ in the Middle East, where increased oil incomes have

enabled many countries to ___23___ outsiders to improve local facilities. Thus the Middle East has attracted

oil-workers from the USA and Europe. It has brought in construction workers and technicians from many countries, including South Korea and Japan.

In view of the ___24___ living and working conditions in the Middle East, surprising it is not that the pay is high to attract suitable workers. Many engineers and technicians can earn at least twice as much money in the Middle East as they can in their own country, and this is a ___25___ attraction. An allied (联合的) benefit is the low ___26___ or a complete lack of it. This ___27___ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.

Sometimes a disadvantage has a compensating (补偿的) advantage. ___28___, the difficult living conditions often lead to increased friendship when workers have to depend on each other for safety and comfort. ___29___, many migrant workers can save large sum of money partly because of the lack of entertainment facilities. The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ___30___ to engineers who prefer to find solutions to problems rather than do ___31___ work in their home country.

One major problem which affects migrant workers in the Middle East is that their jobs are ___32___ ones. They are nearly always on contract, so it is not easy for them to plan ahead with great confidence. This is to be ___33___ since no country welcomes a large number of foreign workers as permanent residents. In any case, migrant workers accept this ___34___, along with others, because of the ___35___ financial benefits which they receive.

21. A. presented B. devoted C. adapted D. restricted

22. A. style B. evidence C. case D. hint

23. A. call in B. bring up C. turn down D. help out

24. A. excellent B. difficult C. fair D. stable

25. A. casual B. familiar C. major D. final

26. A. consumption B. pressure C. competition D. taxation

27. A. occupies B. increases C. blocks D. protects

28. A. For example B. In particular C. By comparison D. In other words

29. A. Therefore B. Likewise C. Consequently D. However

30. A. agreement B. outcome C. prediction D. challenge

31. A. skillful B. vivid C. routine D. potential

32. A. temporary B. ordinary C. voluntary D. revolutionary

33. A. claimed B. criticized C. considered D. expected

34. A. sacrifice B. reminder C. disadvantage D. appreciation

35. A. limited B. considerable C. reasonable D. potential

【答案】21. D 22. C 23. A 24. B 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31.

C 32. A 33.

D 34. C 35. B

【解析】

【分析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了流动工人在中东地区的工作条件和收入情况。

【21题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然一些新独立的国家将大部分工作限制在当地人的范围内，但其他国家则吸引和欢迎流动工人。A. presented展现；B. devoted致力于；C. adapted适应；D. restricted限制。根据转折连词While及空后的“others have attracted and welcomed migrant workers.”可知，一些新独立的国家将大部分工作限制在当地人的范围内，故D项正确。

【22题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：中东的情况尤其如此，那里石油收入的增加使许多国家能够吸引外来者改善当地设施。A. style类型；B. evidence证据；C. case情况；D. hint线索。上文说有的国家吸引和欢迎流动工人，此处是说中东国家尤其是这样，故C项正确。

【23题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意同上。A. call in召集、召来；B. bring up养育；C. turn down拒绝；D. help out帮助……走出困境。中东富产石油，那里石油收入的增加吸引更多的流动工人，故A项正确。

【24题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：鉴于中东地区的生活和工作条件艰苦，令人惊讶的是，吸引合适工人的工资并不高。A. excellent出色的；B. difficult艰苦的；C. fair公平的；D. stable稳定的。根据常识可知，中东地区流动工人的生活和工作条件非常艰苦，故B项正确。

【25题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多工程师和技术人员在中东的收入至少是他们在自己国家的两倍，这是一个主要的吸引力。A. casual随便的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. major主要的；D. final最终的。根据常识可知，高收入对人才和工人来说是一个主要的吸引力，故C项正确。

【26题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：还有一个好处是低税收或完全免税。A. consumption消耗；B. pressure压力；C. competition竞争；D. taxation税收。根据空后的“This ___7___ the amount of pay received by visiting workers and is very popular with them.”可知此处指“低税收”，故D项正确。

【27题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这增加了外来工人的工资，受到他们的欢迎。A. occupies占据；B. increases增

加；C. blocks阻挡；D. protects保护。根据常识可知，少上税或免税会增加工人的工资，故B项正确。【28题详解】

考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，当工人们为了安全和舒适而不得不相互依赖时，困难的生活条件往往会增加友谊。A. For example例如：B. In particular尤其；C. By comparison相比之下；D. In other words换句话说。空前说有时劣势具有补偿优势，此处是对这句话的举例说明，需要用for example引出例子，故A项正确。

【29题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：同样，许多流动工人也能省下一大笔钱，部分原因是缺乏娱乐设施。A. Therefore 因此；B. Likewise同样地；C. Consequently所以；D. However然而。此处与前面提到的“当工人们为了安全和舒适而不得不相互依赖时，困难的生活条件往往会增加友谊”一样作为例子证明“有时劣势具有补偿优势”，需要用likewise引出一种与前面相似的情况，故B项正确。

【30题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里的工作往往是复杂的，而且有很多问题，但这只会给那些更愿意找到问题解决方案而不是在本国做常规工作的工程师带来更大的挑战。A. agreement一致；B. outcome成果；C. prediction 预言；D. challenge挑战。根据“The work is often complex and full of problems”可知，复杂和充满问题的工作会给工程师带来挑战，故D项正确。

【31题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. skillful熟练的；B. vivid生动的；C. routine例行的、常规的；D. potential 潜在的。此处与前面说的在中东地区有挑战的工作形成对比，指的是“在本国做常规工作”，故C项正确。【32题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：影响中东流动工人的一个主要问题是他们的工作是临时性的。A. temporary暂时的、临时的；B. ordinary平常的；C. voluntary自愿的；D. revolutionary革命的。空后说这些流动工人几乎总是按合同办事，所以他们的工作是临时性的，故A项正确。

【33题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是意料之中的，因为没有哪个国家欢迎大量外国工人成为永久居民。A. claimed 声称；B. criticized批评；C. considered考虑；D. expected预料。空后说没有哪个国家欢迎大量外国工人成为永久居民，所以只给流动工人性提供临时性的工作是意料之中的，故D项正确。

【34题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：无论如何，流动工人和其他人一样接受这种不利条件，是因为他们能够获得可观的经济收入。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. reminder提醒；C. disadvantage缺点、不利条件；D. appreciation欣赏。上文说中东地区的流动工人的工作是临时性的，这对他们来说是不利条件，故C项正确。

【35题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. limited有限的；B. considerable可观的、值得考虑的；C. reasonable合理的；D. potential潜在的。根据上文的介绍可知，流动工人在中东地区打工赚的钱要比在国内多得多，所以这是一笔可观的经济收入，故B项正确。

【点睛】本篇第11空难度较大，对上文的理解是关键，根据“The work is often complex and full of problems but this merely presents greater ___10___ to engineers”可知，中东地区的工作往往是复杂的，而且有很多问题，会给工程师们带来更大的挑战，因此此处与前面说的在中东地区有挑战的工作形成对比，指的是“在本国做常规工作”，故C项routine正确。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填人1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Deng Y u, a 44-year-old artist from Shenyang. Liaoning province，___36___(create) a painting of the Monkey King using a bamboo brush last month. Instead of a pencil, Deng Y u draws most of his pain tings with a "bamboo brush. ___37___ (inspire) by Chinese writing brushes, he uses bamboo branches as his brushes, which represents his latest attempt to create unpredictability in splatter effects.

"After trying ___38___ (variety) materials, including paper， plastic and other things，I found the handmade bamboo brush handles the heavy and thick paint___39___(successfu1). On canvas (画布),its effect is close ___40___ the art of Chinese calligraphy," the artist said.

Through Western color and Chinese painting techniques, Deng has been looking for ___41___crossing between Eastern and Western art ___42___ (style). With the unpredictable painting effects of these tools, he also wants

___43___ (defend) the art field in the expansion of artificial intelligence.

. His painting technique has gone viral on short video platform Douyin since this month. His breakout video, ___44___his process of painting Qi tian Dasheng (Monkey King) is shown，has won more than 408,000. likes，___45___ (make) him popular on the platform.

【答案】36. created

37. Inspired

38. various

39. successfully

40. to 41. a

42. styles 43. to defend

44. where 45. making

【解析】

本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了辽宁沈阳的一位艺术家用竹刷作画，他努力寻找中西方艺术的交汇点，在人工智能如此发达的现代，他致力于捍卫艺术领域。

【36题详解】

考查时态。句意：来自辽宁沈阳的44岁艺术家邓宇上个月用竹刷作画创作了一幅美猴王的画。分析句子结构可知，句子缺少谓语动词，根据last month可知用一般过去时，且create和主语构成主动的关系。故填created。

【37题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：邓宇没有用铅笔，而是用“竹笔”来画他大部分的苦乐，“他受中国毛笔的启发，用竹枝作为毛笔，这是他最新的尝试，以飞溅的效果来创造不可预测的效果。”根据句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词draws，且空处没有连词，所以此空应填非谓语动词，he和inspire构成被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词作后置定语，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Inspired。

【38题详解】

考查形容词。句意：在尝试了各种材料，包括纸张、塑料和其他东西后，我发现手工制作的竹刷能够成功地处理厚重的油漆。空后为名词，应用形容词形式修饰空后的materials。故填various。

【39题详解】

考查副词。句意：在尝试了各种材料，包括纸张、塑料和其他东西后，我发现手工制作的竹刷能够成功地处理厚重的油漆。空处需用副词作状语修饰动词handles。故填successfully。

【40题详解】

考查固定短语。句意：在画布上，其效果接近中国书法艺术。be close to“靠近；接近”，固定短语。故填to。【41题详解】

考查冠词。句意：通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法，邓一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。分析句意可知，他要寻找中西方艺术形式的一个交叉点，此处表示泛指。故填a。

【42题详解】

考查名词的数。句意：通过西方色彩和中国绘画技法，邓文迪一直在寻找一种东西方艺术风格的交叉。表示中西方的艺术形式，名词需用复数。故填styles。

【43题详解】

考查动词不定式。句意：凭借这些工具不可预知的绘画效果，他也想在人工智能的扩张中捍卫艺术领域。want to do sth.想要做某事，固定搭配。故填to defend。

【44题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：他创作齐天大圣(美猴王)的视频获得了超过40.8万的赞，使他在平台上大受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是breakout video，关系词在定语从句中

作地点状语，所以空处需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。

【45题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词has won，所以空处需用非谓语动词作状语，空处动词make与主句之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词短语作结果状语，表示顺承的结果。故填making。

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

46. 假如你是育新中学的学生李平，你校下个月将举办汉语文化周，打算请你校外教Lucy来参加活动，并就美国学生的学校生活开一个讲座。请根据以下要点写一封邀请信。

1. 汉语文化周的活动情况。

2. 邀请Lucy来参加活动并做讲座。

3. 表示感谢。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【答案】Dear Lucy,

I’m writing to tell you that there will be an event named Chinese Culture Week. It will be held on our school’s playground lasting for a week. With the intention to improve the students' culture consciousness and the passion for our motherland, our school arranges the event and thinks it will make a great difference. There will be many things you can do, such as appreciating Chinese landscape paintings, reading Chinese classical works and enjoying Chinese idioms.

I sincerely invite you to experience the event and give a lecture for us.

I'm certain that you will like the event, and I'm looking forward to your coming.

Yours,

Li Ping 【解析】

【分析】

本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给外教Lucy写一封邀请信，邀请参加学校的汉语文化周活动。

【详解】第一步：审题

体裁：应用文

时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。

结构：总分法

总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。

要求：

1. 汉语文化周的活动情况。

2. 邀请Lucy来参加活动并做讲座。

3. 表示感谢。

第二步：列提纲（重点词组）

Chinese Culture Week; last for; with the intention to; improve; culture consciousness; passion; make a great difference; such as; Chinese classical works; sincerely invite; look forward to

第三步：连词成句

1. I’m writing to tell you that there will be an even named Chinese Culture Week.

2. It will be held on our school’s playground lasting for a week.

3. With the intention to improve the students' culture consciousness and the passion for our motherland, our school arranges the event and thinks it will make a great difference.

4. There will be many things you can do, such as appreciating Chinese landscape paintings, reading Chinese classical works and enjoying Chinese idioms.

5. I sincerely invite you to experience the event and give a lecture for us.

6. I'm certain that you will like the event, and I'm looking forward to your coming.

根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。

第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）

1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second（供参考）

2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore（供参考）

连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。

【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m writing to tell you that there will be an even named Chinese Culture Week. (运用了that 引导宾语从句)

[高分句型2] There will be many things you can do, such as appreciating Chinese landscape paintings, reading Chinese classical works and enjoying Chinese idioms. (运用了动名词作宾语)

第二节（满分25分）

47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

It’s funny that you can always tell when somebody’s laughing behind your back. Jodie hadn’t really heard anything, maybe a whisper, but when she turned around, the girls in the back row of the class were looking at her, trying to hide smiles and laughs. She looked back at her teacher. Mr Swales was talking about what people do all day.

He also wanted to find out what his students wanted to be when they grew up.

He called on Billy Miter first. “My daddy works in a bank,” Billy Miter said. “I guess I want to work in a bank too. There’s lots of money in the bank.” My parents have a grocery store,” Emmy Disal said. “Papa’s behind t he counter and Mama keeps the cash register. But I want to be an airline pilot.”

Jodie liked it when Mr Swales asked them questions like this. He was about to call on Jodie when the girls in the back row burst out laughing.

Shirley Danes yelled, “Jodie’s daddy is a garbage man!”

Everybody in the class laughed out loud. Everybody except Jodie, that is. She felt her face turn bright red. She looked around the whole classroom. Everyone was laughing. Some kids were even holding their noses.

Jodie looked at Mr Swales. He was angry. He almost never raised his voice, but now he did.

“Silence! I want everybody to quiet down this instant.”

The laughter stopped immediately. The sound of cars and people going by out on the street came through the windows.” You should be ashamed of yourselves,” Mr Swales said. “Being a garbage man… I mean, is a difficult and enormously useful job. We should all be grateful to Mr Harris. Where would we be without him? Up to our cars in garbage, that’s where. How would you like that?”

“It’s not funny,” Mr Swales went on. “Garbage is a serious matter. I think you all owe Jodie an apology. And after that, you’re all going to write Jodie’s father, Mr Harris, a nice letter to tell him how much you appreciate what he does for all of us. In other words, keeping our city clear.”

注意:

1. 续写词数应为150左右；

2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Everyone said “Sorry, Jodie”, but Jodie could tell they didn’t really mean it.

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

Jodie’s father came to walk her home from school as usual.

____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________

【答案】Paragraph l:

Everyone said “Sorry, Jodie” but Jodie could tell they didn’t really mean it. Jodie also knew nobody wanted to