英译散文张培基
英译散文张培基
【篇一：英译散文张培基】
生命life何为he wei| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
如果回归自然，各有不同的方式，后人总是尊重前人最后一次选择。一位朋友偶然讲起一件事，有如一篇小小说，听者动容。there are various ways of returning to nature, but people generally respect the last wish made by their parents towards their journey’s end. a friend of mine incidentally related to me the following occurrence which, like a little story, is very touching:
要点：
1，“前人最后一次选择”译者按”父母的临终愿望“之意译为the last wish made by their parents towards their journey’s end，其中one’s journey’s end意为“临终，生命的尽头”也可译为the last wish made by their parents towards the end of their life
journey
2, “一位朋友偶然讲起一件事”译为a friend of mine incidentally related to me the following occurrence，其中relate 意为“讲述”
其同义词有recount，recourse, speak of，occurrence指“发生的
事情”比thing更加高端啊有木有~
3，“听者动容“即”令听者动容“或”令人动容“=touching
在新开发的丛林里，一条蜿蜒的小径上，一个衣着素色的女人踽踽
独行，径直走向林子里的一棵树。这里许多树大小参差不一，有的
移植不久，不过都长得很快。在一个时期内，都挺直有神。新生的
树叶嫩绿有生机。当然，有人专门护理这些纪念树。in a newly opened-up forest, a quietly dressed woman walked all by
herself on a winding path straight towards one of the trees. there were many trees of varying sizes, and some had just
been transplanted, but all were shooting up fast, standing straight and stout and covered with light green young leaves. evidently, some people had been put in charge of these memorial trees.要点：
1，“在新开发的丛林里，一条蜿蜒的小径上，一个衣着素色的女人
踽踽独行，径直走向林子里的一棵树。“本句虽然是四个散句，表达
的却是一连串的动作，因此可以调整顺序后将其整合为” 一个衣着素
色的女人独自沿着蜿蜒的小径走向一棵树“译为in a newly opened-
up forest, a quietly dressed woman walked all by herself on a winding path straight towards one of the trees.
2，“衣着素色的“译为a quietly dressed，此处的quiet意指”颜色
素净，不显眼“；”踽踽独行“即”独自行走“=walked all by herself
3，shoot up意为“上冒，喷出，猛长“=spring up,更加生动形象地
表现出树木那富有生机的生长状态~是一个值得借鉴的好词，
4，“有人专门护理这些纪念树“译为some people had been put in charge of these memorial trees。此处”专门护理“宜理解为”专门
负责照顾这些树“，也可译为some person had been specially assigned to take good care of the memorial trees
综述：类似于shoot up这种生动形象的词我们之前也见过不少，比
如put forth, sprout up/out~
不知多少年来，这个女人总是带着一束鲜花默默地置于树根旁，然
后仰起头来，对着树身凝视，翕动着她独有的小小嘴唇，既像独语，又像倾诉。她退后一步，打量她这树高了多少，细心地除去树下斑
斑驳驳的落叶，向这颗移植多年的树倾身拥抱，亲了一下，轻轻摩
挲树皮的皱纹，如同面对一个有生命的躯体。不久，她依依不舍的
转身离去，消失在暮色渐浓的秋天最后一抹余晖里。as she had been doing for we don’t know how many years, the woman stood silently beside the tree with a bunch of fresh flowers in her hand. she raised her head to fix her eyes on the tree and kept moving her unique small lips as if she were soliloquizing
or sharing her innermost feelings with someone. she took a
step back to assess how much the tree had grown in height
and softly removed the mottled fallen leaves under it. she bent forward to hug and kiss the tree that had been transplanted many years before, and gently stroked its wrinkled bark as if it were something alive. then she reluctantly turned round and left, vanishing into the last rays of an autumn day in the deepening dusk.要点：
1，“不知多少年来“译为as she had been doing for we don’t
know how many years,其中we don’t know how是插入语，用以
表达原文的”不知“此从句也可译为”她这样做已经许多年了“即as
had always been the case for many years或as she had been doing this for many years~在《我坐了木船》中也有类似表述——“跑了不知多少趟，总算有眉目了”译为after making you dont
know how many visits, there eventually appear signs of
positive outcome.其中的you don’t know how也是插入语，修饰many。
2，“翕动“即”不断地张合“故译kept moving
3，“依依不舍“一般都用reluctant来翻，如it the time to go back. we were fascinated by the scenery and reluctant to leave.该返
回了，我们被这景色深深吸引住了，不愿离去。
综述：本段有很多文学性较强的词如“独语“”倾诉“”斑斑驳驳的“摩挲”“ 翕动”都是我们需要积累的哦~还是那句话：文学性很重要的一
个体现就是在选词用词上~
一阵秋风吹过，树叶沙沙地响动，仿佛隐秘的私语。女人顿时回过
身来，惟有她才能听懂私语的全部含意。于是喃喃自语向大树告诉。含着泪，走向她的归途。年复一年，小径上的女人孤独的背影，显
得越来越苍老了。
at a sudden gust of the autumn wind, the tree rustled like it
was whispering secretly and the woman, being the only person capable of understanding the full implications of the whisper, immediately turned round. then, after mumbling a few words to the tree, she said goodbye to it and set out on her way home with tears in her eyes.as the years went by, the woman, a regular solitary visitor on the path, became older and older.要点：
1，”一阵秋风吹过“即”秋风起“或”起了一阵秋风“，故译at a
sudden gust of the autumn wind，其中at的含义是”由于“”作为对…的反应“
2，“树叶沙沙地响动，仿佛隐秘的私语“译为the tree rustled like it was whispering secretly and the woman.”沙沙地响动“=rustle,简洁生动~拟声词在文学翻译中的作用也是应该引起重视的~
3，“.惟有她才能听懂私语的全部含意“其实隐含了”因为“这层关系，因此译为being the only person capable of understanding the
full implications of the whisper
4，“小径上的女人孤独的背影，显得越来越苍老了“如果直接译为”
背影变得苍老“会引起外国读者的困惑，因此可以按照”常见于小径
上的那个孤独女人，显得越来越苍老了“，译为the woman, a regular solitary visitor on the path, became older and older.
综述：介词，拟声词，显示了译者扎实的语法功底和语言功底，惟
有不断积累和运用才能成就的事业~
若干年后，这棵树长得更高大了，树冠缀满葱茏的树叶。它屹立在
这片土地上，风吹来，满树充满生命的绿色更繁茂了。它对着苍穹，仰望太阳、月亮和星星的运行，与大自然亲密无间连成一片。
several years later, the tree became even taller and was crowned with verdant foliage. it stood erect and became more and more luxuriantly green in the wind. it looked up at the firmament to watch the motions of the sun, moon and stars
and thus merged itself with mother nature.要点：
1，“风吹来“也是采用介词+名词的形式译为in the wind，置于句中，凸显句式的简洁~
2,”缀满“=be crowed with=be filled with，crowed 较filled更加生
动
3，“与…连成一片”=merge oneself with
又过了些时候，靠近大树旁出现了一棵新移植的小树。小树很壮硕，也很安静。随着岁月递增，年长日久，大树和小树埋在泥土下的根
茎错节，相互交织。两棵树下各埋着一个精致的小木盒，木盒里的
骨灰，逐渐化为树根下的有机肥，融入树身内。两个老者相继以这
样的方式回归自然，在大自然的怀抱中，生命得以延续。树上每一
片小绿叶都蕴含着绿色的希望。这是真的，是一首歌颂树葬的诗篇。不用问他们是谁，是谁，就是谁。another period of time afterwards, there appeared close to it a newly transplanted
small tree. it was robust and quiet. with the passage of time,
the roots of the two trees had become twined together. they each had a delicate small wooden cinerary casket buried underneath them. the ashes in the caskets had gradually
turned into organic fertilizer passing into the trees trunks by way of the roots. the two elderly persons had successively chosen the same way of returning to nature so as to have life prolonged in the bosom of nature. each tender leaf in the trees was pregnant with green hope.??it’s a true story. it’s a poem singing the praises of tree burial. no need to identify the two elderly people though. it could be any person.要点：
1，“根茎错节，相互交织”即“树根相互盘绕”即the roots of the
two trees had become twined together.
2,” 两棵树下各埋着一个精致的小木盒”译为they each had a delicate small wooden cinerary casket buried underneath them. have done表被动~
3，“木盒里的骨灰，逐渐化为树根下的有机肥，融入树身内”即“木
盒里的骨灰，逐渐化为有机肥，，通过树根，进入树身”译为the ashes in the caskets had gradually turned into organic fertilizer passing into the trees trunks by way of the roots.by way of 已
经粗线好多次了意同于through
4，“是谁，就是谁”即“可能是任何一个人”，译为it could be any person
综述：注意本段中式散句的翻译，有些句子直译会引起困惑，需要
译者把握及整合其具体意思而后进行翻译~本篇文章短小而有有味道，文字清新且富有诗意，无论是赏析还是拿来做练习都是一种享受~
【篇二：英译散文张培基】
《雾》fog茅盾mao dun| 译文摘自张培基《英译中国散文选二》
雾遮没了正对着后窗的一带山峰。the mountain peaks directly facing the back window of my room were veiled in fog.要点：
1，本句采用被动语态，突出施动者，也给人一种画面感~
2，将“雾”译为fog，而非mist，因为后者指的是“薄雾”，fog 指“雾，雾气”，smog指“烟雾”，haze则是指“雾霾”
综述：“雾”的表达有好多种，要选择最适合的一种~
我还不知道这些山峰叫什么名儿。我来此的第一夜就看见那最高的
一座山的顶巅像钻石装成的宝冕似的灯火。那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的一片光明，使我记起了儿时
所读的童话。实在的呢，这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球，
衬着黑魆魆的山峰的背景，无论如何，是会引起非人间的缥缈的思
想的。the names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to me. the first night when i was there i had seen the top of the highest mountain shining with lights like a precious crown set with diamond. as there was no electric light in my room, all i could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark and fix my eyes on the midair radiance, which reminded me of the fairy tales i had read in my childhood. indeed, the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another
against a background of dark mountain peaks could conjure up, without fail, visions of the ethereal.要点：
1，“我还不知道这些山峰叫什么名儿”译为the names of these mountain peaks are still unknown to me.译者采用无灵主语，符
合英文表达习惯，也避免了连续使用i 开头造成的句式上的重复。
2，“那时我的房里还没有电灯，每晚上在暗中默坐，凝望这半空的
一片光明，使我记起了儿时所读的童话。”中的“没有电灯”与后文有
隐含的因果关系，因此译为as there was no electric light in my room, all i could do in the evening was sit quietly in the dark
and fix my eyes on the midair radiance, which reminded me of the fairy tales i had read in my childhood.
3，“这排列得很整齐的依稀分为三层的火球”译为the orderly array of lights shining in three indistinct tiers one above another，中
文多层定语，翻译时要分别前置和后置~
综述：
注意本段多层定语的翻译~
但在白天看来，却就平凡得很。并排的五六个山峰，差不多高低，
就只最西的一峰戴着一簇房子，其余的仅只有树；中间最大的一峰
竟还有濯濯地一大块，像是癞子头上的疮疤。现在那照例的晨雾把
什么都遮没了；就是稍远的电线杆也躲得毫无影踪。in the daytime, however, it was all prosaic. the five or six peaks forming the front row were about the same height. the westernmost one
had on top a cluster of houses while the rest were topped by nothing but trees. the highest one in the middle had on it a
large piece of barren land, like the scar on a favus-infected human head. now, as usual, the morning fog had shut out everything completely, including the not-too-distant wire poles.要点：
1，“并排的五六个山峰”多重定语，分前后，其中表状态的“并排的”
可以后置，译为the five or six peaks forming the front row
2，“中间最大的一峰”中表位置的“中间“可以后置译为 the highest one in the middle
3，“濯濯” 指山坡上光秃秃的样子，译为barren land
4，“癞子头”是指黄廯感染的头，译为favus-infected human head 4，文中出现多次表示“遮盖”的词，译者根据不同语境，分别用了veil, shut out, shroud, obliterate作同义替换，记得总结哦
综述：
本段重点依旧在于多重定语的翻译，表位置和状态的定语可以后置
译为状语~
渐渐地太阳光从浓雾中钻出来了。那也是可怜的太阳呢！光是那样
的淡弱。随后它也躲开，让白茫茫的浓雾吞噬了一切，包围了大地。gradually, however, the sun managed to show through the
dense fog. yet how pitifully pale it looked! and soon it disappeared altogether, leaving the white thick fog to engulf everything and shroud mother earth.要点：
1，“钻”即“从…中显露”译为show through，在遇到不会翻或找不
到对应词的动词时，我们可以用一个词组或短语将此动作描述出来~ 2,” 那也是可怜的太阳呢！光是那样的淡弱”意为“太阳的光线是那样弱，真是可怜”，合译为how pitifully pale it looked!
综述：
注意对于不熟悉的动词的翻译以及本段的合译~当然还是要尽量丰富
自己的词汇，毕竟如果过多使用词组和短语也会使句子变的冗杂~
我诅咒这抹煞一切的雾i hate the all-obliterating fog!我自然也讨厌寒风和冰雪。但和雾比较起来，我是宁愿后者呵！寒风和冰雪的天
气能够杀人，但也刺激人们活动起来奋斗。雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢！of course i hate biting wind and icy snow too. but when they are compared with fog, i would rather have the former than the
latter! though biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer, yet they can also spur people on to greater efforts. o you fog! you plunge us into a state of depression and dejection, from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a mire.要点：
1，“寒风和冰雪的天气能够杀人“译为biting wind and icy snow sometimes be a killer，其中”be a killer”比“kill people”更加简洁
生动~
2，“雾，雾呀，只使你苦闷，使你颓唐阑珊，像陷在烂泥淖中，满
心想挣扎，可是无从着力呢！”译为o you fog! you plunge us into a state of depression and dejection, from which we struggle in vain to extricate ourselves as if we were bogged down in a mire.
①原文是一个长感叹句，译者将主要的感叹词提前，后面译为陈述句，方便行文
② “使…”译为plunge sb into
③ “陷在“译为bog down在英语行文中”像…”一般出现在句末或句中，此处为了意思流畅，将其置于句末
④译者巧妙地将“满心想挣扎，可是无从着力”和“烂泥谭”用一定语
从句串了起来译为from which we struggle in vain to extricate
ourselves，其中“无从着力”即“徒劳地”译为in vain，来修饰struggle“挣扎”
综述：注意本段用定从串联起的合译，合译最主要的就是找主语，找动词，找关系~
傍午的时候，雾变成了牛毛雨，像帘子似的老是挂在窗前。两三丈以外，便只见一片烟云——依然遮抹一切，只不是雾样的罢了。没有风。门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。about noon the fog turned into a fine misty rain like a curtain hanging still at the window. some 30 feet away, a cloud of misty vapor prevailed, blotting out everything. the air was windless. every now and then, the withered lotus stems in the pond in front of my door gave a sudden violent jerk as a red carp was seen splashing briskly out of the water to break the death-like silence.要点：1，“只不是雾样的罢了”译为misty放在vapor(水雾)之前即可，准确简洁
2，“门前池中的残荷梗时时忽然急剧地动摇起来，接着便有红鲤鱼的活泼泼的跳跃划破了死一样平静的水面。”中“鲤鱼的跳跃”与“荷梗的摇动”是隐含的因果关系~用as
综述：分句间的关系大部分为因果或让步~
我不知道红鲤鱼的轨外行动是不是为了不堪沉闷的压迫？在我呢，既然没有杲杲的太阳，便宁愿有疾风大雨，很不耐这愁雾的后身的牛毛雨老是像帘子一样挂在窗前。i wonder if the red carp’s aberration was due to its impatience with the unbearably oppressive status quo. as for me, failing a bright sunshine, i would rather have a violent storm. i cannot endure the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog to linger like a curtain hanging still at the window.要点：
1，“红鲤鱼的轨外行动”中的“轨外”意即“反常”或“异常”，故全文为the red carp’s aberration，意同the red carp’s abnormal behavior
2,” 既然没有杲杲的太阳”意为“如无阳光灿烂”，译为failing a bright sunshine，其中failing 为介词，作“如果没有”解
3，“愁雾的后身的牛毛雨”也是多层定语，其中“愁雾的后身”即“伴随着愁雾而来的”可以后置，译为the fine misty rain which came in the wake of the gloomy fog
综述：
本文句式基本无难点，主要掌握多层定语和回顾分句合译技巧~
【篇三：英译散文张培基】