自行车维护指南
LEVO 自行车维修指南说明书

LEVO active-easy LAE SERVICE-MANUALThis service manual is designed for use by your LEVO dealer and authorized service technicians.Please carefully read these instructions before carrying out maintenance work on your wheelchair.This service manual must be read in connection with the instruction manual.Alterations in constructional and technical manner or to the electronic require the written authorisation of LEVO AG, otherwise no warranty or product liability will be accepted.ContentsSERVICE-MANUAL................................................................ Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.1.Introduction (3)2.Accident prevention & safety (3)3.Adjustments – general instructions (3)4.Repairs – general instructions (3)5.Tools & torques (4)6.Important notes (4)7.Recommended safety checks (4)8.Adjustments (5)8.1. The backrest and seat upholstery (5)8.2. Rear wheel position (5)8.3. The castor axle (6)8.4. The leg supports (6)8.5. Backrest angle (7)8.6. The footrest (7)8.7. Adjusting the gas spring release (8)9.Repairs (8)9.1. Replacing tire/inner tube of rear wheels (8)9.2. Repairing the inner tube (9)9.3. Replacing the axle adapter (9)9.4. Replacing the gas springs (10)9.5. Replacing the gas spring release cable (10)10.Testing the wheelchair (13)11.Cleaning (13)12.Technical Data (14)13.Crash Testing (15)IntroductionYour LEVO active-easy is maintenance-free dispensing the user with the need for further maintenance work except for cleaning the wheelchair on a regular basis.Due to its complex design, the wheelchair should be checked for safety at least once a year by your LEVO dealer or authorized technician.This service manual has been designed for use by your LEVO dealer or authorized technician. It contains all information required to carry out safety checks and repair works on your LEVO active-easy. It will ensure that your wheelchair is a reliable, safe and helpful means of transport.Always read and apply this service manual in connection with the instruction manual.1.Accident prevention & safetyAccidents can happen. Be aware of possible dangers when carrying out tests or works on your wheelchair. You should take suitable preventive measures to ensure your own safety and that of other persons.2.Adjustments – general instructionsDepending on the ability of the user’s friends and relatives, they may carry out some of the adjustment works themselves. This manual will tell you how to proceed. However, when delivered, your wheelchair should be adjusted to your personal needs by your LEVO dealer or authorized technician.4.Repairs – general instructionsService and repair works on the LEVO active-easy should only be carried out by a LEVO dealer or authorized technician.Repairs: For advice in all repairs in Switzerland contact LEVO AG if in Switzerland. For all other countries contact your local LEVO agent. Addresses are given at the front of this instruction and service manual.Major repairs: For all major repairs e.g. bent or damaged frame always replace complete components. Never try to repair damaged steelwork or components.Replacement parts: Factory replacement components should be used in all repairs, these are available from LEVO AG. To order parts see the parts list drawings at the end of this manual. Caution: check that the LEVO active-easy is not in the sitting position before carrying out any maintenance or repair work on the wheelchair’s stand-up mechanism! Risk of accident! Follow the instructions given in the relevant sections of the service manual!5. Tools & torquesThe following tools are required to carry out maintenance work:6. Important notesDo not reuse Nyloc nuts. Always replace with a new Nyloc nut.Always use thread locking compound.Always use recommended components and parts available from LEVO AG.Do not modify or repair the frame.LEVO AG is responsible for any repairs on gas springs, motors and electronic parts.7. Recommended safety checksPlease note that the following safety checks should be carried out at least on an annual basis. Have them carried out only by your LEVO dealer or an authorized technician. If a defect occurs, immediately discontinue using the wheelchair until the defect is remedied.1. Fold down the backrest and reset. Having put the backrest back in place, check that the clasplatches correctly. Rectify possible defects.2. Check the frame for possible defects. Replace defective parts if in need of repair.3. Check seat and backrest covers for possible wear and replace, if necessary.4. Check the condition of straps, belts and catches and replace, if necessary.5. Check that nuts, screws, joints and plastic parts are securely tightened as well as for propercondition. Rectify possible defects.6. Check that push handles and handle covers fit tightly. Rectify possible defects.7. Check brakes for adequate braking efficiency. Rectify possible defects.8. Check that front castors and rear wheels run smoothly and are securely fastened. Check tirepressure and the tread of the tire of rear wheels.9. Check the stand-up mechanism and its proper operation. Rectify possible defects.10. For the first month, check cable tension on the gas spring-release once a week. You should re-adjust cable tension either weekly or monthly, depending on how often you use the stand-up facility.11. Check that the gas springs lock and release correctly when you depress the lift activator as partof the stand-up procedure.8 mm 3/168. Adjustments8.1. The backrest and seat upholsteryThe surface flexibility of the backrest upholstery can be adjusted using the velcro fasteners. The backrest can be tightened (for a more upright seated posture) or relaxed (for more back support).The seat upholstery can be similarly tightened or relaxed by use of velcro fasteners. As a rule it should be as taut as possible. Depending on the height of the cushioning in question, it may be necessary to loosen upholstery surface tension to be able to sink the cushioning down between the two seat supports.The chest trap is fixed to the backrest upholstery by use of velcro fasteners. It can therefor be adjusted in height.8.2.Rear wheel positionThe axle adapter mounted as standard on your LEVO active-easy depends on the seat depth.Seat depth S: axle adapter S mounted.Seat depth M: axle adapter M mounted.Seat depth L: axle adapter L mounted in forward direction.Seat depth XL: axle adapter L mounted in rearward direction.See also illustration 1.Seat height 48 cm (22” wheels) and 51 cm (24” wheels): axleadapter mounted at 45 mm from lower end of frame tube. Seatheight 54 cm (24” wheels): 20 mm, seat height 57 cm (26”wheels): 30 mm.To adjust the seat inclination the axle adapter is adjusted in height:Unscrew both inside hexagonal screws (A) using a 10 mmspanner and tighten the threaded pin (B) using a 3 mm Allen key(see photo 2). The latter opens up the clamps on the axleadapter.Adjust the axle adapter to the desired height, unscrew thethreaded pin and tighten the two inner hexagonal screws again. Caution: When adjusting the height of the axle adapter, be sure to adjust the castor height and angle accordingly (see section 8.3.). In case of large scale adjustments it may even be necessary to replace the leg supports.Having made the adjustments, it is absolutely vital to ensure that, when standing up, the leg supports still rest on the ground as this is crucial to standing ability (risk of accident!)!S M L XLS M L XLSeat depthAxle adapter2AB5 8.3. The castor axleHaving made adjustments to the rear axle, be sure to adjust the castor height and angle accordingly. When carrying out these adjustments, it is important to bear the following points in mind:The castor axle should stand at a right angle to the ground.The castor should always remain in contact with the ground.In the uppermost standing position, the leg supports must be resting on the ground.Bring the LEVO active-easyinto the standing position.Unscrew and remove the cylindrical screws using a 4 mm Allenkey, then set the plastic leg plug either higher or lower so thatthe leg supports are standing on the ground. You may have toturn the leg plug by 90°. (se photo 3).Unscrew the two cylindrical screws using a 5 mm Allen key andturn the eccentric disc until the axle is sitting vertically (seephoto 4). You may have to turn only one of the two eccentricdiscs. Screw the cylindrical screws tight.8.4. The leg supportsThe leg supports should be replaced when the seat height of the wheelchair has been so greatly adjusted that they no longer reach the ground or reach the ground too soon in the uppermost standing position.Remove the rear wheels (see Instruction Manual, section B.1.)Remove the footrest (see section 8.6.).Loosen the cylindrical screws on both inner sides of the legsupports and remove them together with the spacer bushing (seephoto 5). Then pull the leg supports out of the frame.Replace the leg supports and reassemble in reverse order.348.5. Backrest angleThe backrest sits at an angle of 90° to the seat as standard but can be adjusted in either direction by 5°. This adjusting mechanism is not stepless.Remove the rear wheels, then remove the skirt guards (seeInstruction Manual, section 3.1.).Unscrew the countersunk screw on the outer joint using a 4 mmAllen key, remove the screw and the bushing (see photo 6)before adjusting to the desired position and tightening up thecountersunk screw.Attention: Having adjusted the backrest angle, check that the clasp of the folding mechanism latches correctly!8.6. The footrestThe height of the footrest is not only important for a good sitting position but even more so for the standing position. On delivery you will find the footrest at the second lowest position, if not ordered specifically.There is a choice of 5 different heights for mounting the footrest.Unscrew the four oval head screws on both outer edges of thefootrest using a 4 mm Allen key and set the footrest either higherup or lower down (see photo 7).There are three possible footrest angle variations:4° to the horizontal14° to the horizontal (standard)24° to the horizontalUnscrew the four oval head screws on both outer edges of thefootrest using a 4 mm Allen key and remove the upper ones. Setthe footrest at the desired angle and retighten the screws (seephoto 8).The footrest angle is set as standard at 14° to the horizontal. With the footrest in the lowest possible setting, an angle of 4° is the only practicable variation as the footrest otherwise touches the ground before the leg supports (hence no standing stability!).With the second lowest setting the only potential variations are 4° and 14°, for the same reasons. For all higher footrest settings there is a choice of all three angle variations.6788.7. Adjusting the gas spring releaseIt is important to check that the gas springs respond to the gas spring release lever and lock and release correctly as part of the standing up.Caution: When checking the gas spring release, the gas springs should be extended, i.e. the wheelchair should be in a standing position! Risk of accident!If the gas springs are sluggish on release, the cable tension is nottight enough. Loosen the counter nut (A) using a 10 mm Allenkey and turn the adjustment screw (B) one turn to the left usinga 8 mm spanner (anti-clockwise).If the gas springs are not locking properly, the cable tension istoo tight. Loosen the counter nut (A) and turn the adjustmentscrew (B) one turn to the right (clockwise).Repeat until the gas springs lock correctly.See also section 9.5., Important check.9. Repairs9.1. Replacing tire/inner tube of rear wheelsRemove the wheel and open the valve before pressing down on it to let out the air (see photo 10).Using a bicycle tire wedge, ease both sides of the tire over thewheel rim and pull the inner tube out of the tire (see photo 11). Replace the inner tube by forcing one side of the tire back over the wheel rim, pump up the tire a little, ease the valve through into the hole and lay the inner tube along inside of the tire. Once the whole tube is snug inside the tire, force the other side of thetire back over the wheel rim (startingonthe side opposite thevalve).Check lest the inner tube be caught between tire and rim beforepumping it up in line with the manufacturer’s recommended tirepressure (see Technical Data, section 12).10119.2. Repairing the inner tubeRemove inner tube and tire following the steps described under9.1.Repair the hole using a bicycle puncture repair kit and follow themanufacturer’s instructions (clean the area around the hole androughen the tube surface (see photo 12) before applying thevulcanized solution. Allow to dry, then firmly attach the rubberpatch (see photo 13). Again, first allow to dry, then pump up thetube to check that the patch is airtight).Replace the inner tube. Once the whole tube is snug inside thetire, force the tire back over the wheel rim (starting on the sideopposite the valve).Check lest the inner tube be caught between tire and rim beforepumping it up in line with the manufacturer’s recommended tirepressure (see Technical Data, section 12).9.3. Replacing the axle adapterThere are a variety of axle adapters available by use of which the wheel axle can be set further forward or further back to increase or decrease respectively the tendency of the wheelchair to tip over, see section 8.2..Loosen the inside (A) and top (B, on the right hand side, butbottom on the left) hexagonal screws using a 10 mm spanner,then tighten both threaded pins (C) using a 3 mm Allen key (seephoto 14).Slide the axle adapter off the tubular frame and the axle itselfand replace it.Set the new axle adapter to the desired height, loosen the twothreaded pins and screw the two hexagonal screws tight.121314 A BC17 9.4. Replacing the gas springsShould you have to replace the gas springs, for example, to boost or reduce their resistance, ensure first that they are not extended (too long, i.e. the wheelchair should be in half seated or almost upright position, but not in the fully upright standing position). It is important that the gas springs are the same length.Unscrew the gas springs on both sides simultaneously turningthem to the right (clockwise) to remove them from the rear gasspring holders (see photo 15).Unscrew the counter nut (A) on the front of the spring using a17 mm spanner and unscrew the spring to remove it from thefront gas spring holder (B) (see photo 16). The new gas springs should have the same length, but not befully extended. Mount in reverse order.9.5. Replacing the gas spring release cableCaution: When replacing one or both gas spring release cables, the gas springs should be extended, i.e. the wheelchair should be in a standing position! Risk of accident!Remove the small cover by unscrewing the three countersunkscrews using a 2.5 mm Allen key.Loosen and remove the threaded pin (C) and the countersunkscrew (D) using a 4 mm and 6 mm Allen key (see photo 18).Take off the complete armrest.16 A B 1518Loosen and remove the screw (E) on the gas spring release lever (F) using a 3 mm Allen key (see photo 19).Take the gas springrelease lever off the armrest and pull the cable out.Loosen the threaded pin (G) on the trigger lever (H) in the front gas spring holder (B) using a 3 mm Allen key and pull the cable out. Remove the cable coating as well as the adjustment screw (I) and the counter nut (A) using a 8 mm and 10 mm spanner (see photo 20).Mounting the new cable:Insert the new gas spring release cable (J) through the releaselever (F) and into the armrest towards the rear and down indirection of the arrow (see photo 21).Insert the release lever (F) into the armrest: Attention: the othercable, the one of the armrest release mechanism, must run lateralof the gas spring release lever! It must not run above the gasspring release lever!See the assembly schema below, for the new release mechanism.19 F E20I ABF J 21go with the cable through the cable clamp (A)Put he spring over the cable (B)use a brake cable plier (02.001.0230) to stretch the cabletighten the nutCheck if both levers are releasing the gas springs if not, adjustthe cable system with the adjustment screws (A)Lock the secure nut.Cut the cable to the right size.Lock the secure nut.Adjust the cable system with the adjustment boltA BABMount the “gas spring release assistance system”As harder you push the “gas spring release assistance system”against the gas spring holder, as easier can you release the gassprings.Attention: Already a few mm can change the performance of therelease functionImportant check: when moving the visible part of the cable/cable coating the gas spring release mechanism should not be activated!If the gas springs don’t release sufficient ly, the trigger lever (H) is not being pulled far enough into the gas spring holder (B) when the gas spring release lever (F) is pressed. The cable tension is too sluggish. It must be adjusted, see section 8.7..If the gas springs don’t lock sufficiently, the trigger lever (H) sits too deep in the gas spring holder (B). The cable tension is too tight. It must be adjusted, see section 8.7..10. Testing the wheelchairAfter having carried repairs on a wheelchair, you should always check all functions for correct operation before returning the wheelchair to your customer. The wheelchair should only be returned after all defects have been rectified.11. CleaningBefore you return the wheelchair to your customer, make sure that the wheelchair is clean and dry:Remove dirt with a damp cloth and wipe dry.In the case of stubborn dirt use a mild detergent and warm water for cleaning.Never apply furniture polish, spirit or solvents to clean the wheelchair.12.Technical DataMeasurementsAll measurements in cm and kg. Variations due to model-specific adjustments possible. Tires:Rear wheels: High pressure tires, 22”/24”/26”Tire pressure (rear): 7.5 barFront castor: airless tires, 5”/6”Gas springs: 2 blocking gas springsLAE/M: 500 NLAE/L: 600 NLAE/XL: 700 NOperating temperature range: +5° - +40°Storage temperature range: -40° - +60°Clearance: max. 6 cmMax. height of obstacle: max. 2 cmMax. permissible gradient/Cross-fall: max. 3°Max. weightincl. body & load: max. 120 kg。
公路自行车的维护保养指南

公路自行车的维护保养指南随着人们对健康生活的追求,越来越多的人开始选择自行车作为他们的交通工具和休闲活动。
而公路自行车作为一种专业级别的自行车,在使用过程中需要维护保养,以保证其性能和寿命。
本文将为您详细介绍公路自行车的维护保养指南,帮助您保持自行车的良好状态。
一、清洁与润滑公路自行车经常在路面上行驶,积累了许多尘土和油垢,如果不及时清洁,会影响自行车的性能。
因此,定期的清洁是必不可少的。
首先,用清水或温和的洗涤剂清洗自行车的车架、车轮和链条等部位。
可以使用刷子清除顽固的污垢。
然后,用干净的布擦干自行车,防止水分残留和生锈出现。
清洁完成后,接下来需要对自行车进行润滑。
润滑对于减少磨损和摩擦非常重要。
首先,涂抹适量的自行车专用润滑剂在链条、变速器和刹车器上。
涂抹后,可以使用干净的布擦拭多余的润滑剂,以防止过量润滑。
此外,轴承、螺丝等部件也需要定期涂抹适量的润滑脂,以保证它们的正常运转。
二、轮胎和制动系统的保养公路自行车的轮胎和制动系统是安全骑行的关键。
因此,定期检查和保养它们是非常重要的。
首先要检查轮胎的气压,确保它们处于适当的范围内。
过高或过低的气压都会影响骑行的舒适性和操控性。
其次,要检查轮胎的磨损程度,如果出现明显的磨损或龟裂,需要及时更换。
最后,还要检查轮胎的胎面是否干净,避免杂物附着和刺破。
制动系统的保养包括制动器和刹车线的检查和调整。
定期检查制动器的磨损情况,刹车垫是否磨损严重,需要及时更换。
同时,还要检查刹车线是否有松动或磨损,需要及时调整或更换。
刹车器的调整涉及到制动杆的位置和距离,确保刹车的灵敏度和可靠性。
三、齿轮和变速系统的调整公路自行车通常配备有多种齿轮和变速系统,以满足不同路况和个人需求。
为了保证齿轮和变速系统的正常运转,需要定期检查和调整。
首先,要检查变速器是否正常工作,切换各个齿轮时是否顺畅。
如果发现卡顿或跳档现象,需要进行相应的调整或清洁。
其次,要检查齿轮和链条的磨损情况,如果出现明显磨损,需要及时更换。
Audi电动踏板自行车Segway维修指南说明书

Checklist for Audi electric kick scooter powered by Segway∙The checklist includes the causes of issues that are easy to resolve.∙How to proceed: Check the overview of causes; pay particular attention to the words in bold type. Is the complaint in the checklist?o Yes: Work through the cause as described in the checklist.o No: Contact Sertec.∙10 time units can be claimed in SAGA/2.Overview of causes:1.The electronic throttle does not spring back. How can this be remedied? p.22.No response when electronic throttle is pressed. How can this be remedied? p.23.The headlight does not come on. How can this be remedied? p.24.The rear light does not come on. How can this be remedied? p.25.The dashboard does not display anything. How can this be remedied? p.36.The scooter cannot be charged. How can this be remedied? p.37.The battery duration is too short. Why is this? p.48.The new vehicle has scratches after unpacking it. How can this be remedied? p.49.The maximum speed displayed on the dashboard is lower than the advertisedmaximum speed. Why is this? p.5 10.The vehicle cannot be switched on. How can this be remedied? p.5The vehicle beeps repeatedly when I am pushing it and resists when being moved;why is this? p.511.The folding stand wobbles. How can this be remedied? p.612.When folding up the vehicle, the hanging ring on the handlebar cannothang on the hook or hangs loose. How can this be remedied? p.613.If the wheel hub motor suddenly gets stuck, what is the issue? p.614.What do the fault codes mean? p.7/81.The electronic throttle does not spring back. How can this be remedied?∙You will need to check whether the gap between the handlebar grips and the electronic throttle is too small. A gap of 5mm should be sufficient.Please loosen the screw with a 3mm Allen key and adjust the gap to 5mm.∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.2.No response when electronic throttle is pressed. How can this be remedied?∙Please bear in mind that the electronic throttle may not be triggered if the sliding speed is below 5 km/h.∙If this does not help, the issue may be due to a faulty control board. Please contact your SERTEC partner.3.The headlight does not come on. How can this be remedied?∙While switching the vehicle on, click the on/off key. If the headlight does not come on, there may be an issue with the internal connection or theheadlight may need to be changed.∙Please check the cable connection between steering bar and stem.∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.4.The rear light does not come on. How can this be remedied?∙First check the cable connections.∙If these are OK, the light or the control board may be faulty. Please contact your SERTEC partner.5.The dashboard does not display anything. How can this be remedied?∙This could be caused by a poor connection between the dashboard and the control board. Remove the handlebar assembly and check the connection to see whether there are any issues (e.g. loose components).∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.6.The scooter cannot be charged. How can this be remedied?∙The following points should be checked one by one:1)Check whether there is an issue with poor connections: re-connect thecharging cable and check again.2)Check on the dashboard to see whether the vehicle is fully charged.3)Check the charge status on the dashboard if the energy bars flashrepeatedly.4)If the energy bars are not flashing and do not indicate that the vehicle isfully charged, please contact your SERTEC partner.7.The battery duration is too short. How can this be remedied?∙After more than approx. 500 battery cycles, the capacity may decrease.∙Low temperatures in winter may impair battery activity and capacity.∙Rider weight, riding habits, temperatures, road conditions and wind speed can also affect battery capacity.8.The new vehicle has scratches after unpacking it. How can this be remedied?∙If you can see slight scratches on the upper handlebar joint, these may have been caused by the compatibility test for the handlebars and vehicle body which is performed before the vehicle leaves the factory. They are no cause for concern.∙If there are scratches on the scooter, please contact your SERTEC partner.9.The maximum speed displayed on the dashboard is lower than theadvertised maximum speed. Why is this?∙The vehicle is not activated or the total distance travelled is less than1 km. Please refer to the user manual for details.∙The vehicle is in speed limitation mode (there is no ‘S’ icon on the dashboard). Double-click the on/off key to deactivate this mode.∙Two measurement units are used for the vehicle speed: miles per hour (mph) and kilometres per hour (km/h). Please select the correct unit in the app.∙Battery is low and needs recharging.∙In special cases, when the rider weighs more than 100kg, the maximum riding speed will be limited.10.The vehicle cannot be switched on. How can this be remedied?∙Charge the vehicle for about 30 minutes.∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.11.The vehicle beeps repeatedly when I am pushing it and resists when beingmoved; why is this?∙Connect the app and check if the vehicle is locked. If it is locked, unlock it.∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.12.The folding stand wobbles. How can this be remedied?∙Check the screws securing the folding stand and front fork and make sure they are all properly tightened.∙If this does not resolve the issue, please contact your SERTEC partner.13.When folding up the vehicle, the hanging ring on the handlebar cannothang on the hook or hangs loose. How can this be remedied?∙First loosen the screws securing the hanging ring, then try to fold up the vehicle. Hang the ring back on the hook and then tighten the screws again.14.If the wheel hub motor suddenly gets stuck, what is the issue?∙The control board is faulty; please contact your SERTEC partner.15.What do the fault codes mean?Fault codes will appear with a red wrench icon on the dashboard. If any fault code other than number 49 (see below) occurs, please contact your SERTEC partner.。
凤凰折叠变速自行车塔轮教程

凤凰折叠变速自行车塔轮教程自行车是一种方便实用的交通工具,而折叠自行车的便携性更是让人们爱不释手。
而凤凰折叠变速自行车是市面上质量出色的选择之一。
接下来,我们为大家带来一篇详细的凤凰折叠变速自行车塔轮教程,希望能给您带来指导意义。
凤凰折叠变速自行车塔轮教程首先,我们需要准备工具:1. 螺丝刀2. 扳手3. 自行车维修工具包步骤一:检查自行车在开始拆卸和安装塔轮之前,最好先检查一下自行车的整体情况。
确保自行车的刹车、链条、变速器等部件都处于良好的工作状态。
如有需要,先进行相应的维修或更换。
步骤二:拆卸原有塔轮1. 确保自行车稳固停放,避免意外伤害。
2. 使用螺丝刀和扳手,逆时针旋转并拧松轮子上的螺丝。
一般来说,塔轮的螺丝分为两个,一个固定在车架上,一个固定在轮子上。
3. 慢慢拔除旧塔轮,并将其放置在一旁备用。
步骤三:安装新塔轮1. 将新塔轮对准车架上的安装孔,确保轮子中心与车架上的孔对齐。
2. 使用螺丝刀和扳手,顺时针旋转并拧紧塔轮上的螺丝。
确保螺丝紧固到位,但也不要过紧,以免损坏自行车部件。
步骤四:调整塔轮位置1. 在安装好新塔轮后,确保它在自行车上的位置正确。
骑车时,塔轮应该与地面平行,轮胎与车架之间不能有太大的间隙。
2. 如有需要,使用扳手调整塔轮位置,直到满意为止。
步骤五:测试塔轮稳定性1. 在完成安装后,轻轻晃动自行车,确保塔轮稳固无松动。
2. 骑上自行车进行短途试驾,检查塔轮是否稳定,并确保刹车、变速器等部件正常工作。
3. 如有需要,再次调整塔轮位置或紧固螺丝。
总结:通过这篇凤凰折叠变速自行车塔轮教程,相信大家已经了解了如何进行塔轮的拆卸和安装。
拆卸和安装塔轮是自行车维护的基本技能之一,不仅可以提升自行车的性能,还能延长其使用寿命。
在维护自行车时,务必保持耐心和细致,不要随意拆卸或调整自行车部件。
如有需要,不妨请教专业人士或阅读更多维修指南。
以保障您的安全和骑行乐趣。
希望本篇文章对您有所帮助!。
自行车常用维护保养方法及注意事项

自行车常用维护保养方法及注意事项自行车是一种常见且受欢迎的交通工具,正确的维护和保养能够延长其使用寿命并确保安全。
以下是一些常用的自行车维护保养方法和注意事项:1. 定期清洁保持自行车清洁是非常重要的。
每次骑行结束后,用温水和肥皂清洗自行车框架、车轮、刹车、链条等部件。
注意不要将水直接喷到车架的轴承、螺纹部分和动力传动系统上。
清洁后,用干布擦干自行车。
2. 润滑链条链条是自行车上最关键的部件之一,保持链条的良好润滑能提高骑行效率和减少磨损。
可使用专用的自行车链条润滑剂,在链条表面均匀涂抹少量润滑剂,并用布擦拭干净多余的润滑剂。
建议每两周润滑一次。
3. 轮胎维护定期检查轮胎的气压,并保持在建议的范围内。
有正确的气压能提供更好的骑行舒适度和控制性能。
同时,定期检查轮胎的磨损情况,如有明显磨损或破损,应及时更换新轮胎。
4. 刹车调整保持刹车器的良好调整能够确保骑行时的安全性。
检查刹车垫片的磨损情况,如有磨损或破损,应及时更换。
此外,还需调整刹车的拉杆位置和刹车弹簧的松紧度,以确保刹车的灵敏度和效果。
5. 螺丝紧固定期检查自行车上的螺丝紧固情况,特别是车把、座椅、脚踏等连接件。
如果发现松动的螺丝,请使用适当的工具予以紧固。
6. 存放注意事项当不使用自行车时,应将其存放在干燥通风的地方,远离阳光直射和潮湿环境。
在存放前,可以给自行车进行一次全面的维护,包括清洁、润滑等,以确保下次使用时的良好状态。
以上是一些常用的自行车维护保养方法和注意事项。
通过定期的维护和保养,您可以确保自行车的安全性和使用寿命。
在进行任何维护或调整时,请确保以安全为前提,并遵循制造商的指南和建议。
自行车保养指南让你的爱车始终如新

自行车保养指南让你的爱车始终如新自行车保养指南让你的爱车始终如新自行车是一种经济实用、环保便捷的交通工具,随着自行车的普及,愈来愈多的人开始骑行出行。
然而,对于爱车的保养却是许多人忽视的问题。
正确的保养不仅可以延长自行车的使用寿命,还能提高骑行的安全性和舒适性。
在本文中,将为大家提供一份自行车保养指南,让你的爱车始终如新。
1. 车架保养车架是自行车的核心部件,要保持车架的整洁和光亮。
使用软毛刷和洗衣液轻轻刷洗车架,并用干净的布擦干。
2. 链条保养链条是自行车运转最重要的部件之一,也是最容易损坏的部件。
要定期清洗链条,并给链条涂抹适量的润滑油。
使用链条清洗器或刷子清洗链条,然后使用适合的润滑油均匀涂抹在链条表面。
3. 钢丝刹车线保养钢丝刹车线负责操控刹车器,使用过程中容易生锈和断裂。
保养时,检查刹车线是否有断裂、变形或生锈,如有问题,需要及时更换。
定期给刹车线涂抹一些润滑油,减少摩擦力。
4. 轮胎保养轮胎是自行车与地面直接接触的部件,也是最容易磨损的。
定期检查轮胎的胎面是否磨损,是否有裂纹或异物扎入。
保持轮胎的正确充气压力,避免过高或过低的气压对骑行的影响。
5. 钢球轴承保养钢球轴承是自行车各个旋转部件的核心,包括前后轮轴承、中轴承等。
定期给钢球轴承加注适量润滑油,保持其良好的润滑状态。
如果出现异常噪音或不流畅的转动感,需要及时检查和维修。
6. 转向系统保养自行车的转向系统由前叉、把手和打气筒组成,是骑行过程中掌控方向的关键部件。
保养时,要加注适量的润滑油,确保转向系统的灵活和稳定。
7. 座椅和踏板保养座椅和踏板是骑行时与人体直接接触的部件,需要保持整洁和舒适。
定期清洗座椅和踏板,并使用细毛刷清除灰尘和杂物。
8. 其他部件保养自行车还有许多其他部件,如变速器、链轮、刹车片等。
这些部件的保养和维修需要根据具体情况进行。
不论哪个部件,在保养和检修时,都需要注意安全,并且使用正确的工具和方法。
通过以上的自行车保养指南,我们可以清晰地了解到保养自行车的重要性以及具体的保养方法。
指拨类型_山地自行车指南:选购、调校、维护与骑行_[共2页]
38
山地自行车的配置
CHAPTER2指拨类型
在骑行山地车时,骑行者通过向指拨发力进行变速。
下面介绍指拨的种类。
分体式指拨是指变速与刹车分离的指拨。
具体分为三种:剪刀式、铡刀式和转把式。
剪刀式指拨分别用拇指和食指来控制指拨。
分体式指拨
连体式指拨
剪刀式指拨
传统连体指拨
转把式指拨
铡刀式指拨
铡刀式指拨只由拇指来操作两个拨杆,可以让食指专用于制动操作。
转把式指拨多以塑料材质为主,它体积小,整体安装方便,变速快,换挡容易,深受人们喜爱。
连体式指拨,是指变速指拨与刹车把一体设计的指拨,具体分为传统连体和双
控指拨。
传统连体指拨是指变速指拨和刹车把既连在一起又互相独立。
这种指拨属于入门级变速套件。
拇指和食指来控铡刀式指拨只由拇指让食指专用连体
连在一级变速。
自行车骑行保养指南
自行车骑行保养指南一、前言自行车是一种绿色环保的交通工具,骑行不仅能锻炼身体,还能减少空气污染。
而骑行时,自行车的保养和维护也是至关重要的。
本文将详细介绍自行车骑行保养指南,帮助骑行者更好地保护自己的自行车。
二、保养工具准备在进行自行车保养之前,需要准备一些基本的工具,包括:螺丝刀、扳手、六角扳手、扭力扳手、气筒、螺纹锁紧剂、润滑油、清洗剂等。
这些工具可以在自行车专卖店或者自行车配件店购买。
三、日常保养1.清洗自行车骑行后,应该及时清洗自行车,避免灰尘、泥沙等杂物积累在自行车上,影响自行车的使用寿命。
清洗自行车时,应该使用清洗剂和软毛刷,轻轻刷洗,避免使用高压水枪或者肥皂水清洗,以免损坏自行车部件。
2.检查自行车每次骑行前,应该检查自行车是否正常,包括车轮是否松动、制动器是否灵活、转向是否流畅等。
如果发现自行车有异常情况,应该及时修理或更换配件。
3.保护链条链条是自行车中比较容易磨损的部件,应该定期涂抹润滑油,以保证链条的灵活性和寿命。
涂抹润滑油时,应该先用清洗剂将链条清洗干净,然后再涂抹润滑油。
4.调整自行车自行车使用一段时间后,会出现一些松动或者不流畅的情况,需要进行调整。
包括车轮的调整、踏板的调整、刹车系统的调整等,这些操作都需要使用扳手、螺丝刀等工具进行调整。
四、定期保养1.更换轮胎自行车轮胎是比较容易磨损的部件,需要定期更换。
轮胎的更换应该选择与原装轮胎同样规格的轮胎,并且需要注意轮胎的花纹、胎压等。
2.更换刹车片刹车片也是自行车中比较容易磨损的部件,需要定期更换。
刹车片的更换也需要选择与原装刹车片同样规格的刹车片,并且需要调整好刹车片的位置和间隙。
3.更换齿轮自行车的齿轮也是比较容易磨损的部件,需要定期更换。
齿轮的更换需要选择与原装齿轮同样规格的齿轮,并且需要注意齿轮的大小和齿数。
4.清洗和涂抹润滑剂自行车在使用一段时间后,需要进行清洗和涂抹润滑剂的操作。
清洗时,可以使用清洗剂和软毛刷进行清洗,涂抹润滑剂时,需要注意润滑剂的种类和涂抹的部位。
德马德尔 MTB城市旅行 舒适自行车维修指南说明书
DM-RBMBR01-00Non-SeriesBR-RS305Dealer's ManualMechanical Disc Brakes(English)CONTENTSIMPORTANT NOTICE (3)TO ENSURE SAFETY (4)LIST OF TOOLS TO BE USED (8)INSTALLATION (10)Checking the length of brake caliper mounting bolts C (10)Temporary installation to the frame (11)Final tightening to the frame and attaching the inner cable (17)ADJUSTMENT (22)Adjustment when the brake pads are worn (22)Checking brake pad clearance and replacement timing (23)MAINTENANCE (25)Replacing the brake pads (25)•This dealer’s manual is intended primarily for use by professional bicycle mechanics.Users who are not professionally trained for bicycle assembly should not attempt to install the components themselves using the dealer’s manuals. If any part of the information on the manual is unclear to you, do not proceed with the installation. Instead, contact your place of purchase or a local bicycle dealer for their assistance.•Make sure to read all instruction manuals included with the product.•Do not disassemble or modify the product other than as stated in the information contained in this dealer’s manual.•All dealer’s manuals and instruction manuals can be viewed on-line on our website ().•Please observe the appropriate rules and regulations of the country, state or region in which you conduct your business as a dealer.•Be sure to follow the instructions provided in the manuals when installing the product.It is recommended to use genuine Shimano parts only. If parts such as bolts and nuts become loose or damaged, the bicycle may suddenly fall over, which may cause serious injury.In addition, if adjustments are not carried out correctly, problems may occur, and the bicycle may suddenly fall over, which may cause serious injury. • Be sure to wear safety glasses or goggles to protect your eyes while performing maintenance tasks such as replacing parts.•After reading the dealer's manual thoroughly, keep it in a safe place for later reference.Be sure to also inform users of the following:•Please make sure to keep your fingers away from the rotating disc brake rotor. The disc brake rotor is sharp enoughto inflict severe injury to your fingers if caught in the openings of the disc brake rotor while it is moving.•The calipers and disc brake rotor will become hot when the brakes are operated; do not touch them while riding or immediately after dismounting from the bicycle. Otherwise you may get burned.•Be careful not to allow any oil or grease to get onto the disc brake rotor and brake pads. Otherwise the brakes may not work correctly. •If any oil or grease gets on the brake pads, consult a dealer or an agency. Otherwise the brakes may not work correctly.•If noise occurs during brake operation, the brake pads may have been worn down to the usable limit.After checking that the temperature of the brake system has cooled down sufficiently, check that the thickness of each pad is 0.5mm or more. Or, consult a dealer or an agency. Usable limit reachedCondition whennew •If the brake pads are worn, read the section “Adjustment when the brake pads are worn” under “ADJUSTMENT” and adjust the brake pad clearances. Continuing to ride the bicycle without adjustment is dangerous as the brakes may stop functioning.•If the disc brake rotor is cracked or deformed, immediately stop using the brakes and consult a dealer or an agency.•If the disc brake rotor becomes worn down to a thickness of 1.5mm or less, or if the aluminum surface appears, immediately stop using the brakes and consult a dealer or an agency.•Check the brake cable for rust, fraying, and cracks, and contact the place of purchase or a bicycle dealer if any such problems are found. Otherwise, the brakes may not work correctly.•Each bicycle may handle slightly differently depending on the model. Therefore, be sure to learn the proper braking technique (including brake lever pressure and bicycle control characteristics) and operation of your bicycle.Improper use of your bicycle's brake system may result in a loss of control or a fall, which could lead to severe injury.For proper operation, consult a professional bicycle dealer or the bicycle's owner's manual. It is also important to practice riding and braking, etc. •If the front brake is applied too strongly, the wheel may lock and the bicycle may fall forward, and serious injury may result.•Always make sure that the front and rear brakes are working correctly before riding the bicycle.•The required braking distance will be longer during wet weather. Reduce your speed and apply the brakes early and gently.•If the road surface is wet, the tires will skid more easily. If the tires skid, you may fall off the bicycle; therefore, to avoid this, reduce your speed and apply the brakes early and gently.For Installation to the Bicycle, and Maintenance:•When installing the caliper to the frame, position the disc brake rotor in the center of the caliper rotor slit.•Adjust the right and left clearances between the disc brake rotor and the brake pads so that they are equal. When thebrake pads are worn down, make sure to adjust the clearances of the inboard side and outboard side evenly at the sametime in order to prevent the brake pads from making contact on only one side with the rotor.(Inboard side: pad adjustment screw; Outboard side: cable adjustment barrel/cable adjuster)Adjusting only one of the right and left clearances may cause the clearances to become unequal and cause the brakes tofail before the brake pads are worn down to the minimum working thickness (0.5mm).•Adjust the inner cable so that the length protruding is 20mm or less. If the protruding length is any longer, the end of theinner cable may become stuck in the disc brake rotor, which could cause the wheel to lock and the bicycle could fallforward causing serious injuries.•Disc brakes are designed for optimum performance when used in the combinations shown in the recommendation tables. Be sure to refer to the recommendation tables. Combine 2-finger levers with brake calipers. If used in combination with 4-finger levers, braking force will be higher. Accordingly, certain riding positions, overall weight, and other factors may cause a fall and injury.*Mode switching type brake levers. Refer to section on mode switching type brake levers.•If the quick release lever on the hub is on the same side as the disc brake rotor, they may interfere with each other, which is dangerous, so check that they do not.Mode switching type brake levers•The brake levers are equipped with a mode switching mechanism which can be used to make them compatible with cantilever brakes, mechanical disc brakes for ROAD, or V-BRAKE brakes.•For mechanical disc brakes for ROAD, use mode position C/R; for mechanical disc brakes for MTB, use mode position V.If the incorrect mode is selected it may result in either excessive or insufficient braking force, which is highly dangerous. Select the correct mode as shown in the illustrations.Be sure to also inform users of the following:Burn-in period•Disc brakes have a burn-in period, and braking force will gradually increase as the burn-in period progresses; therefore, make sure that you are aware of any such increases in braking force when using the brakes during this period. The same thing will happen when the brake pads or disc brake rotor are replaced.Be sure to also inform users of the following:•Products are not guaranteed against natural wear and deterioration from normal use and aging.•For maximum performance we highly recommend Shimano lubricants and maintenance products.For Installation to the Bicycle, and Maintenance:•If the brake caliper mounting boss and the fork end are not parallel, the disc brake rotor and caliper may touch.•Use rotors described as “RESIN PAD ONLY” only in combination with resin pads. Combining them with metal pads will cause them to wear out rapidly.The actual product may differ from the illustration because this manual is intended mainly to explain the procedures for usingthe product.The following tools are needed for installation, adjustment, and maintenance purposes.•When using a bolt length selector, check whether the tip of the brake caliper mounting bolt C is within the range [X].Bolt lengthselector•Do not use a washer when checking the length of brake caliper mounting bolt C.•The length of brake caliper mounting bolts C to be used vary depending on the thickness of the frame.Use brake caliper mounting bolts C that are appropriate for the thickness of the frame.Temporary installation to the frame(X) Bolt fixing pin(Y) Brake caliper mounting bolt B(Z)AdapterCheck that the bolt fixing pin is fullyinserted all the way to the rear.adapter when installing it.(Z)Brake caliper mounting bolt ATo aid the installation process, it is recommended to insert the inner lead(pre-threaded with the inner cable) into the caliper in advance.For details on completing installation to the frame and attaching the inner cable, refer to "Final tightening to the frame and attaching the inner cable".(X) Bolt fixing pin(Y) Brake caliper mounting bolt B (Z)Adapterinserted all the way to the rear.adapter when installing it.(Z)Brake caliper mounting bolt Arecommended to insert the inner lead(pre-threaded with the inner cable) into thecaliper in advance.For details on completing installation to the frame and attaching the inner cable, refer to "Final tightening to the frame and attaching the inner cable".For 140mm disc brake rotor for rear wheel(Z)Brake caliper mounting bolt Crecommended to insert the inner lead(pre-threaded with the inner cable) into thecaliper in advance.(X) Bolt fixing pin (Y) Adapter(Z) Brake caliper mounting bolt B•Be sure to attach the bolt fixing pin.•Observe the direction indicated on the adapter when installing it.(X) Adapter (Y) Washer(Z)Brake caliper mounting bolt CTo aid the installation process, it is recommended to insert the inner lead(pre-threaded with the inner cable) into the caliper in advance.Be sure to use the washers when installing the adapter.For details on completing installation to the frame and attaching the inner cable, refer to "Final tightening to the frame and attaching the inner cable".Final tightening to the frame and attaching the inner cable(Z) Brake caliper mounting bolts A/C(X) Snap ring (Y) Bolt fixing pin (Z) Snap retainerThe operations in steps 2 and 3 ensure that the caliper is installed parallel to the disc brake rotor.Check that the disc brake rotor is positioned in the center of the rotor slit of the caliper.At this point, there is some clearancebetween the disc brake rotor and the brake pads on the outboard side but none on the inboard side.(X) Brake pad(Y) Pad adjustment screw (Z) Disc brake rotor(Z) Brake lever(Y) Cable adjustment nut(Z) Cable adjustment barrel(Y) Outer casing(Z) Cable adjuster(Z)Cable fixing boltIf the stroke of the brake lever is too long even after the above adjustment, perform the following procedure.A proper stroke can be set by reducing the initial pad clearances.•Turn the pad adjustment screw clockwise to press the brake pads against the disc brake rotor before going on to step 2.•With the brake pads pressed against the disc brake rotor, turn the pad adjustment screw counterclockwise one or two clicks.Adjustment when the brake pads are wornAdjust the clearances when the brake pads are worn down. Make sure to adjust the clearances on both the inboard side and outboard side at the same time.Adjusting only one of the clearances may cause the following problems.•Contact between the pads and the disc brake rotor may occur during operations other than braking.•Sufficient braking force may not be obtained when the clearance becomes much greater on one side.•The disc brake rotor makes contact with the calipers during braking.Checking brake pad clearance and replacement timingIf suffi cient braking force cannot be obtained even when the brake levers are fi rmly depressed, or the reach of the brake levers does not change evenArm is not in contact with caliperIf the arm is making contact with the caliper, one or more of the following issues may be arising. Perform maintenance as appropriate.Brake pad clearance on the inboard side is too large (the pad adjustment screw is not adjusted appropriately):•Read the section “Adjustment when the brake pads are worn” under “ADJUSTMENT” and adjust the brake pad clearance on the inboard side.The brake pads have reached a thickness of 0.5mm:•It is time to replace the brake pads. Read the section “Replacing the brake pads” under “MAINTENANCE” and replace the brake pads with new ones.Replacing the brake pads(Y) Snap ring (Z)Brake pad(V) Pad adjustment screw (W) Cable adjustment barrel (X) Cable adjustment nut (Y) Outer casing (Z) Cable adjuster(Y) Brake pad (Z) Snap ring(V) Pad adjustment screw (W) Cable adjustment barrel (X) Cable adjustment nut (Y) Outer casing (Z) Cable adjusterPlease note: specifications are subject to change for improvement without notice. (English) © Mar. 2016 by Shimano Inc. HTR。
公路自行车骑行中跌倒和摔伤的原因和防范方法
公路自行车骑行中跌倒和摔伤的原因和防范方法自行车骑行是一项受欢迎的运动和娱乐活动,而公路自行车骑行更是备受喜爱。
然而,与其他运动一样,公路自行车骑行也存在一定的安全风险,特别是跌倒和摔伤。
本文将探讨公路自行车骑行中跌倒和摔伤的原因,并提供一些防范方法,以帮助骑行者降低意外风险。
首先,了解公路自行车骑行中跌倒和摔伤的原因对于预防意外至关重要。
以下是一些常见的原因:1. 不熟悉路况:骑行者可能不熟悉骑行的路线,而遇到凹凸不平的路面、坡度变化或路面湿滑等情况时容易被撞击或跌倒。
2. 速度过快:高速骑行时,骑行者在转弯或遇到不平路面时很容易失去平衡,导致跌倒。
3. 骑行技巧不熟练:缺乏足够的骑行技巧和经验,如不当刹车、不稳定的骑行动作等,都会增加跌倒和摔伤的风险。
4. 交通事故:公路自行车骑行通常需要与车辆共享道路,骑行者与汽车之间的交通事故是造成摔伤的主要原因之一。
为了预防公路自行车骑行中发生跌倒和摔伤的事故,以下是一些建议的防范方法:1. 熟悉路线:在骑行之前,了解路线和地形,特别是长途骑行。
找到安全且适合骑行的路段,并避免不熟悉的路面条件。
2. 适度控制速度:尽量避免过快的速度,特别是在转弯和下坡时,减速并保持控制。
当遇到湿滑或不平的路面时,要减速慢行。
3. 提高骑行技巧:参加骑行培训和学习基本的骑行技巧能够提高骑行的安全性。
掌握正确的刹车技巧和平衡能力,进行定期的练习和磨练。
4. 注意交通安全:公路自行车骑行时需遵守交通规则,并时刻注意周围车辆的动向。
使用适当的手势和信号,确保与车辆之间有足够的距离。
5. 佩戴安全装备:戴上合适的头盔、手套、护膝和护肘等安全装备,能够有效降低受伤的风险。
合适的骑行服装也能提供更好的保护和舒适度。
6. 维护骑行装备:在每次骑行前,检查自行车的刹车、轮胎、灯光和传动系统等关键部件的状况。
确保自行车在良好的工作状态下,减少因装备故障而导致的事故。
7. 引起注意:使用明亮的颜色或反光服装,以提高自身在道路上的可见性。
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自行车维护指南彩云追月整理自行车各部分的名称:是否还记得你正骑着你的新车,兴奋的在街道上冲刺;是否你坐在家中,正想着出去骑车,但却发现你的爱车,性能已经不再如当日,它的刹车不再那么灵敏,它的变速性能不再那么的顺畅,骑着它,到处有叽叽嘎嘎的怪声;是否你曾经在野外,发现你的车子无法再继续骑乘,使得你必须走二十公里的路,推着车子回家。
对于自行车的使用者而言,除非你有钱到每次车子出问题时,能够将它丢了,再买辆新车,否则自行车的保养与修理是不可避免的;另一方面,保养良好的车子,在骑乘时发生故障的机率,也必然会降低。
在此所介绍的自行车维修技术,都是一般常用,且可以 DIY(Do It Yourself)的。
一般自行车的维护,可以分为以下几种:正常骑乘使用;短期(一周或十天)定期维护;中期(一或二个月)定期维护;长期(半年或一年)定期维护;野外紧急修复。
在此做为划分依据的时间,是以每日到一周两次以上进行自行车运动者的使用情形来分的,如果你进行自行车骑乘的频率较低,或者你的自行车使用极为频繁,那么可以将中短期的时间略加调整,以适合不同的骑乘状况。
工具说明所谓工欲善其事,必先利其器,要进行自行车的维护工作,使用正确的工具是必须的,如果使用了不适当的工具,可能会造成工作上的困难,甚至自行车零件的损伤,因此以下对于一般维修所须用到的工具加以概略介绍。
必备基本工具:打气筒:尖嘴钳:活动扳手或开口扳手:一般五金店便可购得,开口扳手使用上较方便,但是购买时须注意,一般自行车所用的多为公制螺栓;而有一支活动扳手,在许多工作上是必须的。
内六角扳手:一般五金行均可购得,注意一般使用的均为公制。
螺丝起子:有一字与十字两种,五金行即可购得。
拆胎杆:拆卸外胎时使用,可在车店购得。
补胎胶与补胎片:补胎用,可在车店购得。
拆链器:拆卸链条使用。
车条扳手:调整轮圈车条张力用。
润滑油:虽不是工具的一种,但是是维护自行车时所必备的,要准备黄油﹑链条油﹑及一般滑润油三种。
特殊工具(非必要,但有最好)套筒扳手:使用于拆卸曲柄的固定螺栓,一般为14mm或15mm的。
曲柄拆卸器:用于拆卸曲柄或大齿盘。
链条扳手:将飞轮的链轮分解使用。
飞轮拆卸器:将飞轮拆下使用,不同厂牌的飞轮须用不同的拆卸器。
花鼓扳手:为薄片状的开口扳手,用来分解花鼓轴及轴承,一般为13mm至16mm。
前叉碗扳手:薄片状的开口扳手,用于装卸调整前叉碗,依前叉碗的尺寸不同而有不同。
橡胶锤:用来敲击卡住的零件,使其松脱。
剪线钳:钳口呈圆弧形,剪内线时才不会散开。
BB(中轴)工具组:用来拆卸调整中天心,依不同形式的中天心而有不同形式。
工作台:用于将自行车架起,以便进行维修工作。
调轮架:调整轮圈车条张力使用。
第三手工具:用于夹住刹车皮,在调整刹车时很方便。
洗链器:清洁链条使用很方便。
正常骑乘使用正常的骑乘使用是不需要任何技术的,但却是在自行车的维护中,最重要且最基本的一项,在骑乘前,对自行车的车况加以检查,是很重要,也是常被遗忘的,因此在骑车前,记得做以下的检查:检查骑乘姿势尺寸:如果你骑的不是专属于自己的车,记得在骑车前将车座调至适当高度。
检查各部位螺丝松紧:检查前后轮及座垫杆的快拆是否锁紧了,检查车把手是否已固定好,其他螺丝是否有松脱情况。
检查轮胎:检查胎压是否足够,不足的话将之打到适当压力,检查胎壁是否有裂痕、割伤胎纹是否已经过浅,如果必要则须更换外胎。
检查刹车:试拉前后刹车,检查刹车是否可靠。
检查前叉碗:刹住前刹车,将车身前后摇动,如有感到有晃动的间隙,表示前叉碗须重新调整。
检查变速器:起步后先试着分别变前变速与后变速,是否可以顺畅的变到各档速,是否会有奇怪的怪声。
短期定期维护短期的维护是经常进行的,如果正常的使用自行车,在此阶段的维护上,是相当简单的,而此维护能够使你的车子常保良好状态,因此绝不可轻视。
清洗车子:除了让你的车保持新车时的耀眼外,清洗车子也同时避免车架的锈蚀,而如果你在一场大雨中或泥泞中骑车,在骑完之后应尽快进行清洗的工作,洗车时要注意以下几点:如果车身上的污泥不多,或多是灰尘而已,可以使用抹布擦干净,或是用大毛刷刷干净。
不可使用高压水柱来清除车身上的污泥,这方法虽然很有效率,但是可能将污水逼入轴承中,如此会造成轴承的损坏。
在车身上污泥很多的情况下,应使用刷子以及肥皂水将污泥洗净后,用清水冲干净,再用布擦干。
车一清洁干净后,记得检查烤漆是否有剥落,钢制车架烤漆剥落后会开始锈蚀,铝合金或碳纤维车架则不会锈蚀,只会影响美观。
在使用水洗过车子后,记得链条要擦干,并重新上油。
检查刹车皮:将刹车皮上的杂物加以清除,以保证其刹车力,若其磨耗已很严重,则须更新。
将线管重新上油:如果刹车或变速的动作不良,可能是内外线的摩擦过大,将外线由止管的部位取下,把内线涂布黄油,再重新装回,如果如此后动作仍然不顺,则考虑更换内外线管。
链条上油:将链条上滴上润滑油之后,约十分钟之后,将链条外侧的油擦干净,链条只要内部动作的部份有油就够了,外部多馀的润滑油会黏住灰尘,增加清洁的麻烦,因此最好擦干净。
另外,如果使用喷罐式的润滑油,记得在上完油后,把滴到其他部位的油擦干净。
中期定期维护你的车已经为你服务了好一段时间了,现在应该将一些平时较常忽略的部位加以确实检查,以使其保持良好状况。
检查链条:链条在长期使用后会发生拉长的情况,链条的节距为0.5英寸,测量24节链条,长度应为12英寸,若其长度已经超过正常长度1/8寸,则应更换链条。
清洗链条:如果你的链条内部有许多的油泥,也许该清洗了,清洗链条可以使用洗链器,或是把链条拆下,找一个容器,装满溶剂油,置入链条后,摇晃使其洗净,最后取出晾干上油。
检查飞轮及大齿盘:若更新链条后,如果飞轮会有跳齿的情况,则更新飞轮,若大齿盘的齿磨耗很大,产生卡链的情况,也应更换,检查大齿盘的固定螺丝,若松动则须重新锁紧。
检查轮圈:检查气嘴孔及车条孔附近,是否有细微的裂痕产生,若有裂痕,则尽快更换轮圈,将轮子抬起,旋转轮子,观察轮圈是否会摩擦到刹车皮,如果会,则须重新调整轮圈。
检查车条:检查前后轮的车条是否有断裂的情形,若有则更换之,换车条后须重调轮圈,调整轮圈时,观察轮圈偏摆的方向,如向右偏,则将轮圈该处附近的右侧车条放松,左侧锁紧,向左偏则反之,轮圈左右的偏摆幅度应小于2mm。
检查车把手:检查车把手是否在车祸中发生变形,是否在立管锁紧的部位产生裂痕,如果是,则更新车把手。
检查座垫及座垫杆:取下座垫杆,检查是否有变形或裂痕,若无则上一层薄黄油后装回,检查座垫是否有损伤,底下的支架是否完好,如果有问题,则加以更换。
长期定期维护你的车已经使用了这么长的一段时间,它经历了各种状况,陪你到现在,应该是将那些一直在运转的部位加以大检查的时候了。
检查花鼓:取下前后轮,检查车条孔附近是否有裂痕,如有则马上更换,用手转动花鼓轴看看,再加以上下摇晃,如有感到间隙,或是非常的松动,则将花鼓轴分解,将内部的油清理干净,再重新装入新的黄油,把花鼓轴重新组合,记得调整轴承应调至轴可顺畅转动,但不会有上下摇晃的间隙。
检查中天心(中轴):取下链条,抓住曲柄左右摇晃,如有晃动,锁紧固定螺丝,若还会晃动,则须调整天心轴承;将耳朵贴座垫上,旋转曲柄,听到的声音应是“呼-呼”很顺畅的声音,如果听到嘎拉嘎拉或其他的怪声,则表示轴承已损坏,应更换中天心。
检查踏板:拆下踏板,使用15mm的开口扳手,注意左边的踏板是左牙的,拆时不要拆错,踏板轴承不太须要调整,但仍须加以检查,如果使用的是卡式踏板,则检查其机构动作是否正常,并上油润滑。
检查变速器:检查变速器的各个动作部位是否会晃动,如果会,表示变速器的磨损已相当严重,应该更换了,如果不会则在动作部位上油润滑。
减振器保养:油压减振前叉应该拆卸,更换新的减振油,优利胶形式的则检查优利胶是否已有裂痕或变形,如有的话则更新之,减振器的维修,应洽询原购买厂商进行之。
检查车架:检查所有烤漆,如有锈蚀状态至车架穿孔,则须更换车架,如果车架受到冲击发生变形,则也应更换。
更新所有内外线管:所有的线管经过长时间的使用,已经磨损,因此建议加以更换,以维持其性能表现。
野外紧急修复当你在野外骑车时,车子发生了故障,使得你必须走路回家,实在是非常扫兴的事情,因此为了避免这种情况,出去骑车时千万记得要带着工具,不要认为意外不会发生,有备无患总是好的。
以下介绍在野外常见到的故障状况以及修复的方法:爆胎:这是常常发生的事情,发生爆胎时,拆下轮子,用拆胎杆卸开外胎,取下内胎,如果有携带备胎,那么直接装上备胎即可,如无备胎,便须要补胎了,补胎时先找出破洞,用砂纸或粗糙的东西将破洞附近略为打磨后,涂上补胎胶,稍待等其接近半干时,将补胎片贴上,加以压牢,然后打气检查是否还会漏气,最后装回内外胎,将气打足即可。
保养自行车自行车运动是半机械化运动项目,运动员依靠与自行车合作,取得优异成绩。
因而,自行车成为每个自行车运动员在训练和比赛中的亲密伴侣,取得优异成绩的战斗武器。
日常对自行车维修、保养得好,是保证训练和比赛正常进行的重要条件。
每个自行车运动员,应该象爱护自己的眼睛一样爱护和保养自行车,否则,就不能成为一个优秀的自行车运动员。
第一节自行车的规格与要求根据国际自行车联合会规定:竞赛自行车有公路赛自行车(包括越野赛自行车)、场地赛自行车和摩托领先赛自行车。
作为竞赛的自行车,第一,必须是人力推动;第二,不准装有任何防风(减少空气阻力)设备,但可装变速器;第三,自行车长不能超过2米,高不得超过75公分,中轴与地面距离为24——30公分,中轴到前轴距离为58——75公分,中轴与后轴之间的距离不得少于55公分,车座前端垂线在中轴后不能超过12公分。
车把宽度不少于75公分。
车轮直径、车座、车架形式等可自行选用。
为了保证运动员的安全,公路赛车必须性能灵活,前、后刹车有效,用橡皮或软木塞堵住车把管头。
车上不能有尖锐零件,螺丝不许突出。
赛车场自行车使用死飞轮,不设刹车和变速装置。
第二节检查自行车各部件完好状况要点自行车要经常擦洗,保持清洁。
擦拭自行车,可用50%的机油与50%的汽油混合作为擦拭剂。
只有把车擦拭干净,才能及时发现各部位的故障,抓紧修理,保证训练和比赛的顺利进行。
运动员每天都应该将自己的车子擦拭一遍。
通过擦拭,既能保持自行车的清洁美观,又能帮助检查自行车各部位的完好状况,培养运动员的责任感和事业心。
检查车辆时要注意:车架、前叉等部位不能有裂痕和变形,各部位的螺丝要族紧,车把能灵活转动。
对链条的每个节结都要仔细检查,除去裂缝节,换掉死节,保证链条正常运转,不要在比赛时装换新链条,避免新链条和旧齿轮不吻合而掉链,必须更换时,应将链条和飞轮一起更换;刹车系统各部件齐全,闸皮与车圈之间间隙度适合,刹车灵敏有效;飞轮与变速器合作,每个档位运用自如,传动迅速,各弹簧的伸缩度适中,变速线光滑畅通。