preface—basic words
外文文献翻译
The molding tool CADGathers the techniqueContents brief summary:Pass to analyze the calculator the assistance inject the mold design with make in the each link commonly shared of technique with information, this text announces to public to inject the mold CAD gathers technical and basic content, and the research heat that put forward it orders with trend.0, prefaceThe molding tool CAD gathers the technique is an important molding tool forerunner manufacturing technique, is a the item reforms with the high technique traditional technical and important key in molding tool technique.From 6 5 plan beginning,Our country contain many molding tools business enterprise adoption CAD technique, especially recent years, the technical application in CAD is more and more widespread with thorough, shortened consumedly molding tool design period,Increases to make the mold quantity with the manufacturing ability that complicated molding tool.However, gather to the molding tool CAD because of many business enterprises technique cognition shortage, investment take the blindness, can't produce result nicely,Result in very big and wasted.This text gathers for the plastics molding tool CAD technique and its applications announce some standpoint, provide everybody consults.1, the plastics molding tool CAD gathers techniqueThe manufacturing of the plastics molding tool comtains the construction design of the shape design, molding tool and the number of the analysis, molding tools that include the plastics products control to process( ϳÏ÷ , electricity process, the line incises etc.), throw the light with go together with to try the mold and take shape manufacturing etc. quickly.The each link a CAD for involving unit technique has:The shape design( CAD) with the construction, fast anti of the product shape beg( RE), construction analysis with excellent turn the design( CAE), lend support to the manufacturing( CAM) and process the process conjecture imitate true( SIMULATION), product and molding tools take shape( RP) quickly, assistance craft process( CAPP) with product data management technique( PDM) etc..The plastics molding tool CAD gathers technique,Is to gather plastics molding tool manufacturing process a various units for involving technique get up, unify the database to deliver the format with the document, realize the information gather share with the data resources, from but shorten the design manufacturing period of the moldingtool consumedly,Increases to make the mold quantity.2, the CAD design of the plastics product begs with fast anti of the shapeThe plastics molding tool that proceed the square one designs the manufacturing is the design of the ËÜ a product.The traditional product design method is a design to product of three άs conceive outline to use two ά plane chart papers expresses to come out, marking clearly the craft and starting construction the method on the diagram paper,This kind of method comes to a decision the simple of a design sketch and can'ts control to make the quantity directly.The modern design method is a design establish the product directly on the computer of three the model of ά ,According to the product three ά models proceed the molding tool construction the design and excellent turn the design,Design according to the molding tool construction again three ά models proceed to process to weave the distance and establishment crafts plan.This kind of method makes product model design, molding tool construction design, process to weave distance and technological designs regard a data as the foundation, realizing the data share,Can not only increases to design the efficiency quickly, but also can guarantee the quantity, decline low cost.The source of the computer ËÜ a product model has three kinds of:Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model the design and make use of the real object measures fast anti in proceeding beg to set up the mold and make use of the standard format document of the other the system of CAD.Source method that aim at these three kinds of products model,Have studied every kind of technique now to the design efficiency that increases product model with quantity.The underneath further analyzes every kind of technical content with the characteristics.Making use of the CAD system software proceeds the product model design,Its technique includes primarily two άs are several why the sketch draws, two the parameter of άs turn the design of the sketch, three ά entity shape design, three ά characteristic shape design, three the parameter of άs turn the entity shape the design, three ά curved face shape design, free shape in space design, the external appearance of the product exaggerates, product of dynamic advertise to design the etc..These softwareses contain many typical representatives.Two the software of άs have:ME10, CADKEY, AUTOCAD, DHCAD, Genis, etc. of Sigraph; three the softwareof άs have:UGII, PRO/ E, IDEAS, CATIA, etc. of EUCLID; free shape in product and advertise the software of the design have:Alias, etc. of CDRS.Two άs are several why the sketch draws is to make use of the flat surface CAD software draw the spare parts sketch, then replace the handicraft painting with the calculator; but two the parameter of άs turn,Then the calculator realizes the sketch changes the deal designs, making modification more convenient; three ά shape designs is a true shape that the product that the arithmetic figure turn design, it expressed completely product,Can be further to designs for the molding tool, analysis with processes the mathematics model of the necessity of offering; the free shape in space design is the art of the product shape to design, making product been not only is a function product, but also art article;It is every kind of need that the external appearance of the product exaggerate that product of the result designs, making product more beautiful, the color can attract people more; the dynamic advertisement design of the product is a result that design to make to promote the advertisement directly the product,Proceed the market expansion.Making use of the real object measures fast anti of proceeding beg to set up mold is current investigative a little bit hot of a,It is an important technique that product imitate the type foundation go forward a line of the product modification designs.Its basic principle is to passes three coordinateses measure the machine, laser measure machine or electronicses copy the few ÒÇ to proceed to scan the diagraph to the real object,The data of large quantity that arithmetic figure turn that gets to measures the acquisition orders anti that send into the high class CAD software beg mold piece or appropriative anti beg the software inside, anti beg the software can read directly a data cluster,Combining can proceed the editor, filter, tidy up, beg the ¾« to a data cluster, row preface, part modification and reorganization, then automatic born curved face,It is end to acquire together the real object precision is consistent of or computer ËÜ a product model that pass through reforms.This way can increases biggest new product design velocity.Current mature curved face anti beg to set up the mold software has: Surfacer,Cimatronrenge, etc. of Strim100.Make use of the standard format document of the other the system of CAD to set up the mold, this way than convenience.Because the world of the market turns with the technical development in the network of INTERNET,The CAD technique exchanges of the molding tool business enterprise with cooperate to have many pass the CAD document method proceed.Because the CAD system category is more, therefore documentary format must follow the international standard,Such as the DXF, IGES, STEP, VDA, etc. of STL.Pass to read standard format document to establish directly or establish the product model after modifying, since can quickly, deepen the customer and the exchanges of the molding tool factory house,Also can shorten the product the design the period.3, the CAD design of the molding tool and analysisThe CAD design of the molding tool, analysis,Include to divide the type, certain type Ç» according to the product model molding tool of proceeding the design with the type о , molding tool structural and detailed design, the plastics ³ä fills process analysis etc. a few aspects.Make use of the advanced characteristic shape software,such as PRO/ E, etc. of UGII, the very easily certain dividing the type,Born top and bottom mold Ç» with mold о , then the proceeding flows a way, sprinkle a people and cool off the pipe line of arrange etc..Made sure these designses data hereafter, then make use of the molding tool analysis software,Proceed such as the MOLDFLOW, CFLOW the plastics take shape the process analysis.According to the software of MOLDFOLW with it of the material, craft database of plentifulness, pass the importation take shape the craft parameter,Can the development imitate the true analysis plastics to inject in note ËÜ mold Ç» the process flows the circumstance( the plastics with sprinkle a people more inject remits to flow the analysis of ÎÆ ), analyze the temperature pressure variety circumstance and analyze to note ËÜ a ²Ð remaining should dint etc.,According to analyze the circumstance to the rationality that check the molding tool construction, flow quantity problem etc. of the rationality, product of the appearance.For example whether the esse sprinkles to note the system not reasonable, appear to flow way with sprinkle a position size not appropriate,Can't equilibrium alive with type Ç» ; whether to exsit product construction absurdity or molding tool constructions or not is not reasonable, appearing the product ³ä dissatisfied( namely short shoot the phenomenon); whether to cool off asymmetry or not, the influence produces the efficiency with product quantity;Whether the esse notes the craft of ËÜ wrong, appear the song of ÇÌ of the product transform etc..The molding tool passes the CAD the design withanalyze, can dissolve mistake at design the stage, increase to try once the mold the success the rate.At plastics molding tool design with analyze to apply many new computer-aideds technique this stage, if the parameter turns technique, characteristic shape technique, database technique etc..There is many standards piece in the plastics molding tool,Turn such as the standard mold a parameter for outing organization, sprinkling noting system, cooling system...etc. can adopting basing on database managing the characteristic shape design method proceed the design or establish the standard a ¿â , like this since can realize the data share,Can satisfy the customer again to the at any time modifying of the design, make the design analysis of the molding tool fast, accurate, efficiently.The parameter turns the characteristic shape can not only describe the product completely then several why sketch information,And can acquire accuracy, material and assemble etc. informations of the product, its a product for establishing model is a kind of apting to handle and can reflect design intention with process the model of the characteristic.Therefore,The parameter turns the characteristic shape technique is an one of the most important technique in process in manufacturing in molding tools.4, the technical application in CAM of the molding tool, process to imitate true and manufacturingThe calculator assistance manufacturing( CAM) technique of the molding tool applies primarily in the aspects of counting to control ϳÏ÷ processing, line incising to process, electricity spark processing to wait.The technique of CAM rises in the type Ç» , type о of the complicated molding tool and the ϳÏ÷ of the electrodes process particularly more important function.Its main technique characteristics includes:(1) the ´Ö , ¾« processes the knife have the track excellent to turn the programming with the instruction of NC creation,(2) the knife has the category, characteristic to establish with the material ¿â ,(3) slicing the Ï÷ process the craft parameter to really settle,(4)The commonness slices the Ï÷ to slice with the high speed the characteristic that Ï÷ process controls,(5) over slice the check with process the superficial accuracy control,(6) processing the computer entity of the process imitate the realistic Ï÷ ,(7) The computer control number controls the technique of DNC and clusters of the machine bed control the technical and applied etc..Need the CAD specially in technical application in CAM three ά productmodel data.More profession computer plait distance software,such as MASTERCAM, UNIMOD, etc. of CIMATRON, when the plait distance of many curved faces processes have the higher request to the curved face model of the product,Intend with the high accuracy of the curved face to match such as the directional consistency, curved face in U, V of the close together curved face, inclined rate in curved face continuous variety etc..In high class CAD/ the integral whole of CAM turn system,( such as UGII, PRO/ E)Because making use of the parameter turns the characteristic shape design with same database technique, making the type Ç» of the product model data, molding tool have the track data to have got the inside contact with the type о model data, knife,The modification knife of the product model has the track to also modify automatically.The molding tool processes the entity imitates the true technique more and more mature, also is more and more valued by people.It is mimicry machine bed that processing the entity imitate process the process on the computer, can keep the result that view reflect process,Can takes the gauge of directly quantity that after processing spare parts, can check the mistake that process.At check quantity that after processing spare parts, can at the computer is last to process behind of the entity model proceeds the aleatoric ÆÊ slices,Measure its size directly with the accuracy.Therefore, it can dissolve mistake at process the stage of craft plait distance design, reduce to repair after processing with return the work, increases consumedly the manufacturing efficiency of the molding tool with quantity.5, plastics product and its molding tools take shape the manufacturing quicklyPlastics product and its molding tools use the computer CAD technique design after completing, can pass the fleetness take shape the technique make.This is the manufacturing technique of a kind of all new concept,It abandoned the traditional machine processes the method.Its take shape principle is three ά CAD entity models are long-lost set up a series of a layer data of the thickness, make use of the laser take shape machine or others take shape the equipments read these datas,Increase the method technique with the material, pile up the each layer to take shape one by one in order.This technique calls the fleetness to take shape the technique automatically.( Rapid Prototype)It is also a CAD to gather the technical importance constitutes the part.The first pedestal takes shape the equipments quickly to bear in the United States a company in 1987, because of its characteristics is to hasnothing to do with the complicated degree of the product of the manufacturing, bringing the manufacturing industry the enormous vibration.Henceforth decade,Take shape quickly the technique be flown to develop soon, the category of the equipments also piles up one after another,Turn from the material ¹Ì the method can is divided into the laser with not the laser burns the knot method( SLS), solid surface layer shape method( SGC), layer a manufacturing method( LOM) and melt to sink to accumulate the method( FDM), district constituency glues the knot method( DSPC), laser spirit to sink to accumulate method( SALD) etc. mutually.Every kind of method characteristics is:The method of SLA is applied at the earliest stage of took shape the technique quickly, the early market occupied the bigger cent sum, but is narrow because of the material scope, the cost is higher, taking shape the piece was heat-proof and bore the burthen with applied color the ability low,The recent years was gradually replaced by the other method.The method of FDM because of taking shape the speed quick, the cost is low, get the good application in plastics product profession, because the size of the spare parts is small, accuracy bad,Also suffer certainly of restrict.The method of LOM because of adoption paper or is outline edge that thin slice plastics, the cost is low, and the laser projects light upon each layer only, as a result take shape the speed quick,But the product surface quantity is bad.The method of SLS proceeds to burn the knot with the laser, adoptive material than wide, if the plastics, À¯ anticipates, porcelain and ceramics, metals etc. all can take shape, taking shape the piece is heat-proof and bear the burthen with apply color the ability stronger,Have the extensive and applied foreground.The other method also gets the application in some special kinds process.According to above take shape the method characteristics, take shape the technical function quickly to consist in primarily:The manufacturing useds for the design with the on trial product model, make to used for the small the molding tool that batch quantity produce to process with the special spare parts in small batch quantity.Take shape the product model of the technique manufacturing quickly in the aspects of material the ratio tradition processes the product model of the method manufacturing has the difference,But in shape and sizes almost complete similar, and there is certain machine strength, can make the function experiment, handles through surface at the same time, looking similar to true product,Can advertise the propaganda material.Take shape the molding tool of thetechnique manufacturing quickly,Is a soft material to take shape the mold( the mold of À¯ , wreath oxygen resin mold, ¹è rubber mold, low ÈÛ orders the metal alloy casts mold etc.) primarily to synthesize the hard type in material Ç» mold with porcelain and ceramics or metals »ùs now.Hard mold in manufacturing the hour can take shape with the fleetness the spare parts makes the female die,Create first the soft mold between wreath oxygen resin mold or other material, sprinkle to note porcelain and ceramics or gypsum molds in soft mold, then sprinkle the steel of Öý steel mold; or sprinkle the admixture that note in soft mold chemistry contain steel powder glue knot,Proceed to burn to become the steel mold.Take shape the steel mold of the technique manufacturing quickly to process after needing further did to throw light etc., make into the small batch quantity produce of note the mold of ËÜ .Because the molding tool sprinkles to note or burn the knot with the steel powder but,Material and common molding tool steel contain certain margin, therefore, the life span is shorter, cans make to manufacture on a trial basis product or small batch quantities produce.Moreover, taking shape the technique quickly can also manufacture the special spare parts,If make with the metallurgy powder legal system the metals electrode, nicety cast the legal system makes the copper electrode, ÑÐ mold legal system makes graphite electrode etc..Take shape the technique creation molding tool quickly to model t he equipments with the product, all is STL to read CAD system creation or CLI etc. document format datas,Different document format data to the product accuracy of the creation contain bigger margin, therefore, study the system of CAD to take shape quickly the document format of the equipments output to have the very important meaning.6, the molding tool CAD gathers technical development trendA calculator for saying, molding tool CAD gathering technique is applying in molding tool making each link assistance technique on the ×Û with each link information that realizes the technique gathers.Obviously, The information gathers unify with data the management is a key.The information of the product is to pierces through in the design, analyze, process, examine, assemble a stage,Fluency, solution data format that realizes each link information standardizes and the data maintenance is a point with future CAD that share to gather technique development.The system of PDM emergence is to resolve this problem brought the first light of day.It is molding tool businessenterprise application CAD that the system of PDM puts into practice gather technical and important lesson.Design in molding tool manufacturing aspect,The intelligence that imply the research, high speed that abundant expert's knowledge turn molding tool CAD/ the system of CAM slices the Ï÷ processes and its plait distance etc. is a trend that future study the development.塑料模具CAD集成技术内容提要：通过分析计算机辅助注射模设计和制造的各个环节中共享的技术和信息，本文揭示了注射模CAD的集成技术的根本内涵，并提出了它的研究热点和趋势。
Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary第一章
第一章：Basic Concepts of Words and Voculary词的基本知识1.1 What is a wordLinguists: 语言学家a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function 单词是最小的自由形式具有给定声音的语言意义和句法功能。
1视觉角度a meaningful group of letters printed or written horizontally across a piece of paper一组有意义的字母打印或者写出来横排在一张纸上2口语角度a word is viewed as a sound or combination of sound which are made voluntarily with human vocal equipment一个词被视为一个声音或声音的组合是由人类发声器官自动组合而成的3语义学家a word is a unit of meaning一个词就是一个意义单位4语法学家a word be a free form that can function in sentence一个单词是可以在句子中起到自由形式的作用简答模板or例句(1) man and fine are simple, but they each have sound, meaning and syntactic function, and each can be used alone in a sentence. Naturally they are words.man和fine都很简单，但它们都有发音、意义和句法功能，而且都可以单独用于句子中。
它们自然是文字。
(2) There are words which are complex such as misfortune and management. Both are polysyllabic words and can function as subject object and predictive in a sentence.有些词很复杂如“misfortune”和“management”。
5000 basic English words2
5000 basic English words 五千基础词汇英文释义(一)Aabase v. To lower in position, estimation, or the like; degrade.abbess n. The lady superior of a nunnery.abbey n. The group of buildings which collectively form the dwelling-place of a society of monks or nuns.abbot n. The superior of a community of monks.abdicate v. To give up (royal power or the like).abdomen n. In mammals, the visceral cavity between the diaphragm and the pelvic floor; the belly.abdominal n. Of, pertaining to, or situated on the abdomen.abduction n. A carrying away of a person against his will, or illegally.abed adv. In bed; on a bed.aberration n. Deviation from a right, customary, or prescribed course.abet v. To aid, promote, or encourage the commission of (an offense).abeyance n. A state of suspension or temporary inaction.abhorrence n. The act of detesting extremely.abhorrent adj. Very repugnant; hateful.abidance n. An abiding.abject adj. Sunk to a low condition.abjure v. To recant, renounce, repudiate under oath.able-bodied adj. Competent for physical service.ablution n. A washing or cleansing, especially of the body.abnegate v. To renounce (a right or privilege).abnormal adj. Not conformed to the ordinary rule or standard.abominable adj. Very hateful.abominate v. To hate violently.abomination n. A very detestable act or practice.aboriginal adj. Primitive; unsophisticated.aborigines n. The original of earliest known inhabitants of a country.aboveboard adv. & adj. Without concealment, fraud, or trickery.abrade v. To wear away the surface or some part of by friction.abrasion n. That which is rubbed off.abridge v. To make shorter in words, keeping the essential features, leaning out minor particles.abridgment n. A condensed form as of a book or play.abrogate v. To abolish, repeal.abrupt adj. Beginning, ending, or changing suddenly or with a break.abscess n. A Collection of pus in a cavity formed within some tissue of the body.abscission n. The act of cutting off, as in a surgical operation.abscond v. To depart suddenly and secretly, as for the purpose of escaping arrest.absence n. The fact of not being present or available.absent-minded adj. Lacking in attention to immediate surroundings or business.absolution n. Forgiveness, or passing over of offenses.absolve v. To free from sin or its penalties.absorb v. To drink in or suck up, as a sponge absorbs water.absorption n. The act or process of absorbing.abstain v. To keep oneself back (from doing or using something).abstemious adj. Characterized by self denial or abstinence, as in the use of drink, food.abstinence n. Self denial.abstruse adj. Dealing with matters difficult to be understood.absurd adj. Inconsistent with reason or common sense.abundant adj. Plentiful.abusive adj. Employing harsh words or ill treatment.abut v. To touch at the end or boundary line.abyss n. Bottomless gulf.academic adj. Of or pertaining to an academy, college, or university.academician n. A member of an academy of literature, art, or science.academy n. Any institution where the higher branches of learning are taught.accede v. To agree.accelerate v. To move faster.accept v. To take when offered.access n. A way of approach or entrance; passage.accessible adj. Approachable.accession n. Induction or elevation, as to dignity, office, or government.accessory n. A person or thing that aids the principal agent.acclaim v. To utter with a shout.accommodate v. To furnish something as a kindness or favor.accompaniment n. A subordinate part or parts, enriching or supporting the leading part.accompanist n. One who or that which accompanies.accompany v. To go with, or be associated with, as a companion.accomplice n. An associate in wrong-doing.accomplish v. To bring to pass.accordion n. A portable free-reed musical instrument.accost v. To speak to.account n. A record or statement of receipts and expenditures, or of business transactions.accouter v. To dress.accredit v. To give credit or authority to.accumulate v. To become greater in quantity or number.accuracy n. Exactness.accurate adj. Conforming exactly to truth or to a standard.accursed adj. Doomed to evil, misery, or misfortune.accusation n. A charge of crime, misdemeanor, or error.accusatory adj. Of, pertaining to, or involving an accusation.accuse v. To charge with wrong doing, misconduct, or error.accustom v. To make familiar by use.acerbity n. Sourness, with bitterness and astringency.acetate n. A salt of acetic acid.acetic adj. Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of vinegar.ache v. To be in pain or distress.Achillean adj. Invulnerable.。
六词词汇讲义中英文
relax a.放松 direct v.引导，管理 robot n.机器人 exhaust a.筋疲力尽的（“一个造死的他”） hip n.屁股 hip hop 街舞 hostile a.有敌意的 tile n.瓦片（也是扁平片状，稍硬） file n.文件（也是扁平片状，稍软） hospital n.医院 无解 hang v.悬挂（拟声） strain v.拉紧，扯紧（音似“死拽”） helicopter n.直升机 plore-词根：声波 flow v.流动 explorer n.浏览器 snake n.蛇 ject-词根：喷射，挤 hang v.悬挂 strategos n.将军 demos n.平民（“屌丝”） negative a.否定的，消极的 train n.火车 mine n.矿山 mountain n.山 crow n.鸡叫,乌鸦（拟声） lock n.锁，锁住 fly v.飞 bare a.赤裸裸的，几乎不（淫法“ba 扒 re 阿姨”）
hospitality n.热情，好客 hospitality business 酒店服务业（热情成了产业） trait n.特征 philosophy n.哲学；理念 hang out 消磨时间（挂在外面） mirror n.镜子 v.反射出 constrain v.强迫 helicopter parenting 直升机式教育（警察式） parachute n.降落伞，安全伞（chu——） explore v. 勘探，探测，探索
sneak v.鬼鬼祟祟（“蹑”） project v.投射，伸向 n.项目，方案 haunt v.经常出没，常去 n.常去的地方 strategy n.战略，策略 negotiate v.协商，谈判 track n.轨道 v.跟踪 block n.木块，大块儿 v.阻塞 undermine v.暗中破坏，挖空底下 crowd n.群，人群 v.挤满 flock n.鸟群，羊群 v.群集 rare a.罕见的，几乎没有 area n.地区（拟声词，发音悠扬，跌宕） rear a.后方的 v.饲养（re-返回） unfold v.展开；披露 appropriate a.恰当的 v.挪用，占有
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary 参教材 可加入方法意义等
Characteristics of basic word stock:
❖ 1) all national character ❖ Words of the basic word stock denote thee basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language.
❖ Though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary, yet it is most important part of it.
1.2 Definition of word
❖ There has been no agreed definition to this term “word”. The definition may have the following versions:
① a minimal free form of a language;
most common things and phenomena of the world around us, which are indispensable to all the people who speak the language.
Characteristics of basic word stock:
1.5 Definition of Vocabulary
Chapter1词汇的基本概念
Chapter1词汇的基本概念Chapter1词汇的基本概念一、定义㈠实词content words denote clear notions.包括N, V, Adv, Adj, Numerals㈡功能词funtional words don't have notions of their own,also called Empty words㈢本族词native words are words brought to UK in5th century by German tribes(AngloSaxon words㈣当时的Anglo-saxon words 只有5万至6万左右)㈤基本词汇the basic wordstock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language(basic wordstock is true of native words) ㈥词汇(V ocabulary)V ocabulary is the most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language,it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period ㈦词word具有一定声音、意义和语法功能，能独立运用的最小的语言单位A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.二、Word分类:1.根据use frequency：Basic word stock和nonbasic vocabulary根据notion：content words和functional words（does more work of expression在英语on average than实词）根据origin：㈠native words(特征neutral in style and frequent in use)㈡borrowed words(loan words/borrowings)⑴同化词Denizens拼写和读音完全符合本族词规范的在早期被借入的词Denizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the english language⑵非同化词aliens保留起原来的发音和拼写Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling⑶译借词Translation-loans通过翻译引进的词Translation-loan are words and expressions formed from the exsiting material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language⑷借义词Semantic-loans借义不借词形English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language.2.根据使用位臵分类的特征:a全民性All national character（鉴别基本词汇的标准）b稳定性Stabilityc多产性Productivity d多义性Ploysemy e搭配性Collocability3.非基本词汇包括:Teminology术语slang俚语argot黑话jargon行话dialectal words方言archaisms古语词neologisms新词语三、问答㈠the internal reason of difference between sound and form⑴the internal reason for this’s that the English alphabet was adopted from Romans,which doesnot have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language,so that some letters mus do double duty or work together in combination⑵another reason is that the pronuncation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years⑶some of the differences were created by the early scribs(i n the late1500,printing became well established)⑷lots of borrowings is an important channel of enrichingEnglish vocabulary.㈡how do you account for the role of Native W ords in English in relation to Loan-words⑴Native words are those of Anglo-saxon origin,which are small in number,Loan-words are borrowed from other language.⑵it’s estimated loan -words constitue about80%of the modern English vocabulary,native words canot compare with loan-words in number,but have a more important role in the language⑶na tive words form the mainstream of the basic word stock whereas only a limited number of borrowed words belong to the common core.㈢illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning⑴sound is the physical aspect of a word and meaning is what the sound refers to⑵sound and meaning are not intrinsically related and their connection is arbitary and conventionalChapter2.-3词汇的发展及构成Ⅰ一、定义1创新Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other element 2语义变化semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need(在number and form 上无变化)3词素morpheme is the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words4词素变体allomorphs is one of the variants that realize a morpheme举例:如复数词素-s 在不同语境中有不同的形式:cats/s/,bags/z/和matches/iz/就是词素变体5复合词根bound root is a bound form and has to combiene with other morphemes to make words6词缀Affixes are forms that attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function7曲折词缀Inflectional affixes(特点是small 和stable)it attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationship8派生词缀Derivational affixes added to other morphemes to creat new words二、要点1.印欧语系indo-european language family(Europe,the Near East,India)Balto-slavicPrussian, Lithuanian, Polish, Bulgarian, Slovenian, Russianlatin,Greek,French,San skrit 给英语的影响最大 ArmenianIndo-IranianHindi, Persian AlbanianCelticIrish, Scottish, Breton HellenicGreek GermanicNorwegian, Icelandic, Danish, Swedish, English, German Italic(Latin)Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Roumanian, French 2.英语发展的三个阶段⑴old English (450-1150)当时大约有5---6万单词①the frist people known to inhahit the land 英国是celts,后来410年被Roman 征服② the 2nd major language known in England was the Latin of the Roman legions.③Now the people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English.④the end of6th century,the introduction of Christianity hada great impact on the English V ocabulary⑵Middle English(1150-1500)①Old English began to undergo a great change when Norman invaded England from France in1066,till then,although there were borrowings from Latin,the influence on english was mainly Germanic.当时大批法语被用于english,至今70%仍留用.②在13世纪末,英语才恢复为学校,法庭和官方语言另外old English was a language of full endings,middle English was one of leveled endings,in modern English,word endings were mostly lost with just a few exception,it can be concluded that english has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language例如: old English Middle English Modern EnglishLeorn-ian Lern-en Learn⑶modern E nglish(1500till now)①modern english共分2个阶段1500-1700和1700至今②modern English began with the establishement of Priting in England③More than25%modern enlish words come almost from classical languages④although borrowing remained an important channel ofvocabulary expression,yet more words are created by means of word-formation3.Three reasons for the growth of modern English vocabulary①rapid development of modern science and technology②Political,social and economic changes③Contact with other languages and c ultures4.Modes of the development of modern English vocabulary①creation ②Semantic change ③borrowing(在英语的发展中起vital role)另外.Reviving archaic or obsolete words also contributes to the growth of English5.词的构成morphemeFree morpheme(free root)Bound morpheme(cant occur as separate words are bound) Those morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as freegrammatical units in setence有完整的形式和意义,可起一个词的作用Bound root affixIt is that partof the word thatcarries thefundamentalmeaning ,it has tocombine with othermorphemes to makewordsInflectional affixDerivational affixprefixsuffix三、问答区别Root and Stem1.a root is the basic form of a word which canot be further analysed without total loss of identity,whether free or bound root,generally carries the main component of meaning in a word2.a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added3.a stem can replace root and also refer to any form which is larger than root.Chapter4 词汇的构成Ⅱ一、定义1.Afffixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.2.Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.it doesn’t change the word-class of the stem,but modify its meaning.3.Suffixation is the fo rmation of new words by adding suffixes to stems, it’s to change the grammatical functions of stems./doc/e914636537.html,pound is the formation of new words by joining tow or more stems words formed.5.Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.词性变，拼写不变6.Zero-Derivation:Conversion is generally considered to be aderivational process whereby an item is adopted or converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix.派生过程，在这个过程中不断增加词缀而派出一个词就被转变成一个新词。
英语1-04 Words
Unit 4 Text A Improving Your Memory本课主要语言点1. psychological?? adj. 心理学的Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.（在赢得一场比赛中，心理因素常常起着重要作用。
）Make sure all the kids are psychologically healthy.（确保孩子们心理健康。
）(the person who studies human mind－心理学家)在希腊语中，psycho表示“灵魂”，“精神”，“心理”。
在英语中，有不少词是用psycho做前缀构成的。
除了刚才提到的psychology，psychological，psychologist以外，常见的还有：psychoanalysis（精神分析），psychotherapy（心理疗法）等。
2. focus? v. （使）聚焦，（使）集中( focus on )? n. 焦点，中心He is focusing his eyes on a painting on the wall.（他正注视着墙上的一幅画。
）Please focus your attention on the main problems.（请把注意力集中在主要问题上。
）This area became the focus of the world's attention again.（这一地区再次成为世界注意的中心。
）The 27th Olympic Games is now the focus of people's interest.（眼下第二十七届奥运会是人们兴趣的中心。
）3. basic adj. 基本的，基础的They didn't make any effort to solve the basic economic problems.（他们没有做任何努力去解决基本的经济问题。
词汇学Chapter1BasicConceptsofWordandVocabulary
词汇学Chapter1BasicConceptsofWordandVocabulary1．The definition of a word：A word is a minimal free form of language which has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2．Sound and Meaning：There is no logical or intrisinc connection between a sound and what it refers to. The relation between sound and meaning is almost always arbitrary or conventional. The same language can use the same sound to mean different things and the different languages use different sounds to refer to the same thing.3．Sound and FormThe written form of English is not an acurate representation of the spoken form.There are different causes of the differences between sounds and forms in the English language.1)The English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not employ the system of one single letter to stand for one sound.2)The early scribes deliberately changed spelling of words to make a line even or for easier recogniton.3) Dictionaries help to fix the spelling of words4) English has borrowed many words from other languages, which may not have been assimilated .4．VocabularyAll the words in a language are termed as vocabulary. However, vocabulary can also be used to refer to all the words in a book, or in a particular historical period of time, or in a dialet, or in a particular discipline, or even to all the words that a person possesses.5．Classification of WordsWords can be classified into the basic word stock and nonbasic word stock by use frequence, into content words and functional words by notion and into native words and borrowed words by origin.1)The Characteristics of the Basic Word Stock(1) All national character(2)stability(3)productivity(4)polysemy(5)collocability2)The Characteristics of borrowed words(1)Denizens: the early borrowed words which have been assimilated and conformed to the English way of pronounciation and spelling.(2)Aliens: the borrowed words which have retained the foreign way of pronounciation or spelling and have not been assimilated into the English language.(3)Translation-loans: the words and expressions which are formed from the existing English materials, but modelled on the patterns of another language.(4)Semantic loans: Words which have not been borrowed with reference to the form, but to the meanings.3) Roles Played by the native words. Native words are limited in number, but form the core of the English language. Native words are often neutral in style and frequent in use.1. Which of the following is NOT true?a. A word is the smallest form of a language.b. A word is a sound unity.c. A word has a given meaning.d. A word can be used freely in a sentence.2. The differences between sound and form are due toa. the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.b. stabilization of spelling by printing.c. influence of the work of scribes.d. innovations made by linguists.3. Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important isa. all national character.b. productivity.c. polysemy.d. collocability.4. Complete the following statements by supplying an appropriate term for each blank.a. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are ______. (aliens)b. There is no _______ relationship between sound and _____ as the connection between them is _______ and conventional. (intrinsic /logical meaning arbitrary)c. _____ are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English. (Denizens)d. Archaisms are words no longer in _____use or_____ in use. (common obsolete)e. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are _____. _____ words enjoy a_____ frequency in use than content words. (stable Functional higher)f. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called_____. (semantic loan)5. What is vocabulary?V ocabulary refers to all the words in a language, including single words, compound words and idioms on the one hand; it can also stand for words used in a given context, a given dialect,a given historical period etc. on the other hand.6. Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.A word is a symbol that stands for something else in the world. This symbolic connection, different in various cultures, is almost always arbitrar y, and there is ‘no logical relationship between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’. A dog is called a dog not because the sound and three letters d-o-g automatically suggest the animal in question. It is only symbolic. The relationship between them is conventional because people of the same speech community have agreed to denote the animal with this cluster of sounds or in the three letters. The same concept he represented by different sounds in different languages, say /gau/ in Chinese. On the other hand, the same sound can he use denote different things like meet, meat, mete .7. Choose the standard word from the column on the right to match each of the slang words on the left.a. tart_____ girlb. bloke_____ policec. gat_____ greatd. swell _____ drunke. chicken_____ cowardf. blue _____ loose womang. smoky _____ pistolh. full_____ fighti. dame_____ fellowj. beaver _____ womankey:a. loose womanb. fellowc. pistold. greate. cowardf. fight h. drunk i. woman j. girl8. Give the modern equivalents for the following archaic（古代的）words:haply albeit methinks eke sooth morn troth ere quoth hallowed billow bade key perhaps although it seems to me also truth morning faith before said holy wave/the sea bid9. Explain neologisms with examples.Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words have taken on new meanings.For example: E-mail = electronic mail, the sending of message via computer system.Microelectronics = the branch of electronics dealing with integrated circuits.10. How do you account for the role of native words in English in relation to loan-words?Native words are those words brought to Britain in the fifth century by the German tribes, known as Anglo-Saxon words. They are small in number, but form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language. Therefore native words are characterized with ‘neutral in style’ and ‘frequent in use’ along with the four features of basic word stock. The loan words, large quantity, have enriched the English vocabulary, but can change the basic structure of the Englishlanguage, grammar for example.11. Group the following borrowed words into denizens, aliens, translation loans and semantic loans:confrere wall kettle skirt chopstick dream typhoon giftpro patria husband die parvenu Wunderkind bloom mikado black humour silk long time no seekey:denizens: kettle, die, wall, skirt aliens confrere, pro patria, Wunderkind, Mikado, parvenu translation loan: chopstick, silk, long time no see, black humour, typhoon semantic loans: dream, bloom, gift12. Judge true or false:1-5. F T T T T 6-10. F T T T F 11-15. T F T T F1. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are archaisms.2. Denizens are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English.3. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are stable. Functionalwords enjoy a higher frequency in use than content words.4. A word whose meaning was borrowed from another language is called semantic loan.5. Vocabulary refers to all the words in a language, including single words, compound words and idioms on the one hand; it can also stand for words used in a given context, a given dialect,a given historical period etc. on the other hand.6. Aliens are words no longer in common use or obsolete in use.7. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.8. There are five characteristics of basic word stock: all national character, stability, productivity, polysemy, collocability, among which all national character is the most important.9. Nonbasic words include terminology, jargon, slang, argot, dialectal words, archaisms, and neologisms.10. Argot refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular arts, sciences, trades and professions communicate among themselves.11. Slang denotes the sub-standard general language that seems to stand between the standard general words and in-group words like cant, jargon, and argot.12. Jargon are the specialized vocabularies used by criminals.13. Dialectal words are words used only by speakers of the dialect in question.14. The constituents of an idiom cannot be deleted or added to, not even an article.15. All the words of the basic word stock have the five characteristics.。
Chapter1BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabulary
Chapter1BasicConceptsofWordsandVocabularyChapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary一、单项选择题。
1.According to semanticists, a word is a unit of .A. soundsB. meaningC. formD. function2.A word is a that stands for something else in the world.A. symbolB. systemC. structureD. pattern3.We consider that the written form of a natural language is the written record of the form.A. writerB. practicalC. oralD. grammatical4.In spite of the differences, at least percent of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns.A. sixtyB. seventyC. eightyD. ninety5.Words may fall into content words and functional words by .A. use frequencyB. notionD. stability6.Among the feature of words of the basic word stock, is the most important one that may differentiate words of common use from all others.A. all national characterB. stabilityC. productivityD. collocability7. consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.A. SlangB. TerminologyC. DialectalD. Neologism8.______ belong to the sub-standard language, a category that seems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone andin-group words.A. JargonsB. SlangsC. ArgotsD. Dialectal words9. constitute the main body of the English vocabulary.A. FunctionalB. Content wordsC. NumeralsD. Pronouns10.Native words in English are words brought to Britain in the century by some German tribes.B. seventhC. fifthD. sixth二、综合题/doc/0c10706651.html,plete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（1）A word is a free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.（2）The relationship between a word and the thing it stands for is . （3）All the words in a language make up its .（4）Argot generally refers to the jargon of .（5）Slang is often in situation.2.Define the following terms.（1）vocabulary（2）terminology（3）slang（4）denizens（5）translation-loans3.Answer the question:How do you classify English words ?4.Answer the question:Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.答案部分一、单项选择题。
英语调查报告格式
英语调查报告格式调查报告是把调查得来的情况用书面形式向有关领导部门汇报的一种公文。
以下是英语调查报告格式范文，欢迎阅读。
The investigation report generally consists of two parts: title and body.(1) title. The title can be written in two ways.A is the title of the standardized format, namely "post subject" and "practice", the basic format for "* * * * about investigation report", "survey report on x x x x", "x x x x survey", etc. The other type is a free heading, which includes a combination of statements, questions and positive side questions.(2) the text. The main body is divided into three parts: preface, subject and end.1. Introduction. There are several kinds of writing: the first is the cause of the survey is written or purpose, time and place, object or range, after and method, and the investigation on the personnel composition of itself, which lead to central issue or basic conclusion; The second kind is to indicate the historical background of the investigation object, thebasic situation of the development, the reality, the main achievements, the outstanding problems, etc., and then raise the central question or main point; The third kind is to open the door to see the results of the survey directly, such as affirmative action, pointing out problems, prompt influence, and the content of the statement. The foreword plays the role of the finishing point, should be concise summary, direct tangential theme.2. Main body. This is the most important part of the survey, this part of the detailed investigation and study, practice and experience, the basic situation of the research and analysis the materials obtained in the specific knowledge, ideas and basic conclusions.3. End. At the end, there are also many ways to writea solution to the problem, some countermeasures or Suggestions for further improvement. Or summarize the main points of the full text, further deepen the theme; Or ask questions that raise further thought; Or looking ahead, giving inspiration and a call.I * * in the village of new rural construction for research, the focus on * * of the specific conditionsof the village the new rural construction makes this report, report, on new rural policy and the reform of taxes and fees policy, construction of new rural economy, rural social security problems, rural basic education and agricultural science and technology culture, construction of urbanization, the rural medical and health care, etc.I. the state of nature and economic development** village, located in central zhejiang province, is a combination of the original new ridge village and the oxen village. The current population is about 2,000, the labor force is about 1200, and the labor service personnel are about 300, with 15 party members and 42 party members. The total land area of the village is square kilometers. Per capita income is about 6,000 yuan. In the government department, under the advocacy of * * village to production development as the center, in order to improve the level of productivity, farmers' income, collective income as the foothold, in village and town planning as the breakthrough point, to CunTun regulation of four change "four clean-ups" as the breakthrough point, to cultivate new farmers as thebasic point, promoting socialist new rural construction, made gratifying achievements.The dominant industry in the village is agriculture and animal husbandry. The main agricultural products are: rice, wheat, corn, and in farming, the chicken and duck became the main livestock in recent years. Since the village and group, the village adhere to the scientific outlook on development as guidance, the rapid development of economy, vigorously promotes the village domain around the local unique advantages, vigorously develop production of grapes, grape has become main source of income of farmers economic support. The construction of key projects around the country, increasing the pace of local employment and entrepreneurship, and making every possible effort to increase farmers' income, created a group of migrant workers with vision, technology and management. In order to improve the appearance of the village, the infrastructure construction has been greatly improved, and the development of rural roads has been breakthrough, and the conditions of farmers' living conditions and transportation conditions have greatlyimproved. Surrounding the construction of a new village, the scientific establishment of the village planning of residential areas, and the strengthening of guiding management, the "cultural square" of the entertainment of the peasants has been established.Ii. Basic conditions and the status of democratic constructionIn recent years, with the central, provincial, municipal, district and township party committees and governments at all levels of the support policy and the implementation of village of * * in the economic structure adjusting, infrastructure construction, increasing farmers' income, etc, have greatly improved, the construction of material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization has made certain achievements, promote the development of local economy and various social undertakings.(1) the situation of agricultural productionThe existing farmland of ** village is 2680 mu, the per capita arable land area is mu, the whole village is mainly in the apple and vegetable industry, the development of the industry lags behind. At the end ofthe 20th century, the per capita net income of farmers was about 3,100 yuan. Industrial structure situation: ** village one, two groups are mainly apple, grain cultivation; Three or four groups are mainly vegetable plantings; The five groups were mainly trees, dried fruits, tobacco and food crops.(2) implementation of relevant rural policiesThe policy of supporting agriculture and rural areas has been further implemented, and the construction of social public infrastructure in the whole village has been further developed. The village basically realizes the village road, the electricity, the water, the general television, the electricity message. Now xx village has a health clinic, which solves the problem of villagers' difficulty in medical treatment; There is a science and technology activity room in the village; The whole village enjoys 120 people in the rural area. The living allowance for the elderly is 6 people over 65 years old. The difficulties are basically saved. The number of the new rural cooperative medical insurance is 1,424, and the participation rate is 90%.(3) construction of rural grass-roots organizationsThere are five members of the "two committees" of the village: 4 members of the village party branch and 3 members of the villagers committee; There are 42 party members in the village, including 39 male members and 4 female members. Annual party membership meeting 2 -- 3 times; Administration of village affairs, finance, government affairs public, adhere to the democratic decision-making, democratic management and democratic supervision, strengthen, and masses relationship between the party and the masses, mobilize the enthusiasm of villagers' participation in government affairs, the affairs.The purpose and significance of the new socialist countryside(1) purpose of new rural constructionFor a long time, agriculture, rural areas and farmers problems has been the decision process of our construction of well-off society in an all-round way and modernization of the key issues, and relationship between the party and the state overall work of thefundamental problems. Without the solid foundation of agriculture and the accumulation and support of agriculture, there can be no national independence and industrial development. Without the stability and all-round progress of the countryside, there can be no stable and comprehensive progress of the whole society. It is impossible to have a well-off life without the peasants. The agricultural abundant, the basic prison; Rural stability, social security; The farmer is rich, then the state chang. Only close to 100 million farmers will participate in the modernization process in order to live up to the overall national economy and achieve sustainable development. Only the vast majority of rural backwardness has changed significantly to achieve a broader and higher level of prosperity. Therefore, the village must undertake new rural construction to develop.(2) the significance of the new rural construction1. Building a new socialist countryside is an inevitable requirement for building a harmonious socialist society. The construction of new socialist countryside is unified with solving the problem of"three farmers". In the process of building a harmonious society, the problem of solving the problem of agriculture, rural areas and farmers is the whole and fundamental problem. The construction of a harmonious rural society is different from the city, should be closely combined with rural construction of the actual, the rural construction become a economic prosperity, facilities, complete functions, beautiful environment, good ecological, civilization and progress of the socialist new countryside.To build a new socialist countryside is the fundamental way to balance urban and rural development and achieve common prosperity. Social justice and common prosperity are the essential requirements of socialism and also the basic characteristics of the new socialist countryside. To build a new socialist countryside, to adhere to the development value, development first, taking economic construction as the center, by speeding up the pace of agricultural industrialization and rural urbanization and agricultural modernization, narrowing gap between urban and rural areas, so as to realize rural societyby the food and clothing to the well-off.Iv. Problems existing in the construction of new rural areas(1) economic construction is developing slowly and the material foundation is weakSimple agricultural production, the conventional agricultural production occupy the dominant position in the countryside, peasants consciousness is relatively deep, agricultural industrialization lag, characteristic agriculture scale agriculture formed the advantage, lack of industry, market information lag behind. The main causes of low income and slow economic construction. Agricultural production structure is single, lack of other sideline development. Our village is located in the middle of the middle zhejiang basin, and the villagers of this village are a village with agriculture as its main development. In comparison with the total number of land, it can be counted as a village with few people. However, for decades, villagers in this village have not made any breakthrough or innovation in agricultural production. The crops are single, no wonder wheat, corn, cotton. There are noagricultural products in the village, not to mention the processing of agricultural products. In vegetable, fruit, animal husbandry development lags behind, the rural policy issued by the state for advocating rural requirements to develop a variety of business model and has implemented in the village.(2) the rural basic education is not comprehensive enoughThe situation of education in rural areas is the "low enrollment rate of school-age children", "high dropout rate" and "backward education", and even some regions have ignored education at all. Busy building, eager to live in a new house, the reader is gradually reduced. Housing construction scale development in recent years in our village is very big, make village CunMao also look brand-new, but there was a bad trend: people at the university of reading, a large part of the villagers only on the immediate interests, for the most part family income to housing construction, and less for their children to study. There are a large number of children in the village who go out to earn money after they graduate from junior high school. Sucha light knowledge and lack of knowledge can have profound negative effects. There is less "ink" in the village name, and a lack of scientific knowledge. In the village, there is a widespread phenomenon that villagers don't understand science, don't use science, don't believe in science, and some people think that scientific farming is still being ridiculed by people around them, and that it is just a mess. The lack of scientific knowledge seriously restricts the development of villages and restricts the "money bags" of villagers. In recent years, there have been a number of scientists in the countryside who have been talking about scientific farming activities. There are not many listeners, and the people who have listened to them have not done so.(3) the ideology of farmers is weakThe party's ideological cohesion in the countryside has declined. The lack of effective measures to manage and organize farmers has been lacking because some grassroots organizations have ignored the idea of farmers' thinking education and guidance. Due to the heavy personal workload of thevillage cadres, the farmers can not make regular education.(4) lack of understanding of new rural constructionSome party members and cadres have little understanding of the new rural construction, the urgency of speeding up development and the lack of sense of responsibility, and the thought of "waiting, leaning, and want" is serious. Peasants overall production level is not high, the quality consciousness, commodity consciousness weak, agricultural industrialization construction starting point is low, agricultural leading enterprises small, driving ability is not strong, the hard work of all kinds of professional associations.5. Research methods and harvest of new rural construction social practiceThe research mainly USES the field investigation, the theory connects the actual strategy. Learn about history by looking at "village Chronicles" and learn what they think by visiting the masses. During the investigation, the villagers put forward some Suggestions on the development of the village. In viewof the problems that exist in this village, I also think a lot of thoughts and ideas about changing the current situation of the village and getting rich quickly.(1) developing agricultural products, expanding the production scale of agricultural products and making deep processing of agricultural products Some villagers in the village say that it is not that they do not want to develop the production of agricultural products, but because of the small scale of production, the scale of this single-family unit is easy to make the sale of agricultural products difficult. "The villagers said," there are too few to be planted. People don't want to come and collect, and they keep prices down." In the village cadres should be called for the development of agricultural special products, the production of planting, formed the scale of production, the village into a predominantly some agricultural special products production base, to attract buyers to purchase, and on this basis has called on the ability of the villagers are farmers special products deep processing, too big production chain, to obtain the economic benefits.(2) to conduct agricultural trade meetings and expand the income and consumption channels of villagers Like our village, the village of yanchang is a typical example of rural development. In the village, the leader, in line with the idea of "getting rich in the first place", invested in building houses and building factories and schools in the village. In order to achieve economic benefits, the "yuanxiao fair", a large-scale peasant trade meeting, has been carried out in the form of "yuanxiao", which has driven the economic development of its villages to a large extent. The pattern of developing rural economy like this is worthy of reference. It is to carry out the agricultural trade promotion activities in this village, and promote the villagers' multi-faceted and multi-channel income. In addition, we can also absorb foreign investment if we have the opportunity.(3) improve irrigation systems in water and expand the scope of artificial riversIt is an objective reason that our village is far from rivers, lakes and water sources. But we can make full use of human resources, constantly improveirrigation systems in water and expand the scope of artificial flow. With the continuous development of the village economy, the villagers dug the underground well in order to increase revenue and income. The village also organized two activities to excavate artificial rivers, which benefited the villagers. Leaders of our village should continue to play a role in solving the problem of water and water in front of the villagers.(4) enrich the minds of farmers and increase the knowledge of farmers' scientific farmingOf the villagers interviewed,percent of the villagers believed that the biggest factor restricting the development of the village was scientific knowledge. This data shows that some villagers are aware of the importance of scientific farming. As now, the activities of science and technology workers in the countryside should continue. In order to carry out practical experiments in the village, villagers can get a taste of scientific farming, so as to achieve stable and productive destinations with scientific knowledge.Vi. Main ideas of new rural construction(a) seriously organize the party cadres and themasses to learn more deeplyIn accordance with the "production development, wealthy life, polite phenomenon, clean and tidy appearance and democratic management", around realizing agricultural characteristics, the road to the house in a neat and the varieties, CunFeng folk civilized, harmonious social order, insists on unified planning and step-by-step implementation, to the point, the whole advancement, through the construction of new countryside give full play to the role of grass-roots party organizations fighting forts, party member's cutting edge exemplary role which embody, the villagers' self management, self education, self service to be more perfect, establish and improve various system, has been a steady rise in farmers' income, the village-level collective economy development, village CunMao obvious change, the villagers quality improved obviously, CunFeng folk custom civilization, stable and orderly social environment, make the community a WenMing Village, FuYu Village and harmonious village, in the entire town take the lead to achieve the comprehensive constructionwell-off society's goals.(2) emancipate the mind, keep pace with The Times, innovate development ideas, seize the key, gather strength and optimize the development environment We will actively promote agricultural informatization, industrialization, optimize industrial structure, improve rural basic conditions, and improve rural sustainable development capacity. Agricultural industrialization, commercialization, specialization, regionalized production methods. On the basis of ensuring grain acreage, we will vigorously develop efficient and economic crops and animal husbandry, and form a brand and characteristic agricultural demonstration base in the village.(3) to accelerate the development of rural agricultural education and realize the balanced development of urban and rural educationWe should earnestly grasp the work of "puix", vigorously popularize education in senior high school, and co-ordinate the development of education, education and education. We will further improve the system of urban and rural schools, organize urbanschools to select principals, teachers to teach in rural primary and secondary schools, and continuously improve the management level and teaching quality of rural schools. Further increase the help of poor students to prevent students from being deprived of school due to family poverty.Reasons for the success of new rural construction To advance the construction of a new socialist countryside, we must give full play to the battle forts of the grass-roots party organizations and the exemplary role of party members.* * village in the new rural construction, pay attention to strengthening the construction of rural grassroots party organizations, carry out rural "triple lianchuang", "party members and holds no post positioned placement", "party branch and the pair to assist farmers" and other activities, organize and conduct modern distance education of rural party members and cadres, and further enhance the rural party member cadre to take the lead to get rich, the ability to lead the masses to get rich together. We will strengthen democracy and political development inrural areas, further improve the "three public areas" of village affairs, finance and party affairs, and effectively guarantee the people's right to know, participate in, decision-making and supervision., therefore, the construction of new socialist countryside, must cultivate a creativity, strong fighting strength and cohesion of the basic unit party member cadres, should choose light age, culture, social sense of responsibility strong reserve village-level cadres as cultivating object, improve their influence in the crowd, consciously exercise and improve their consciousness of ruling, the ruling ability, and take the lead in entrepreneurship and the ability to lead the masses to get rich together.To promote the construction of a new socialist countryside, we must focus on the new pattern of overall urban and rural development, and further narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.** village, located in the northern part of pujiang county, is a remote village with inconvenient transportation and information. After 20* years, the traffic situation of the village has been greatlyimproved with the completion of the traffic of the four seas. At present, the village is only a few minutes away from downtown and township. Urban-rural integration and urban-rural integration create an extremely favorable development opportunity for the new rural construction of the village. The development of urban and rural development is the requirement of the scientific outlook on development and the need for the construction of new socialist countryside.* * village new rural construction practice has proved that to make the balance urban and rural economic and social development strategy implement, according to the actual situation of the rural, the focus of the current and future a period and focus is to increase for the supply of rural public products, mainly include: to strengthen rural roads, water conservancy, communications, electricity and other infrastructure construction; We will strengthen the construction of public services such as rural science and technology, education, culture and health, and strengthen the construction of rural social security and social security systems. At the same time, governments at alllevels should formulate development plans, determine industrial policies, use economic leverage and other means to coordinate urban and rural development, and gradually realize a new pattern of urban and rural integration.To advance the construction of a new socialist countryside, we must adhere to the principle of sustainable development and do our best to prevent blind input.The construction of the new countryside is a project that is funded only by capital, has no or very few economic returns, and the amount of investment is relatively large. A village to complete the "small five", sewage and electric wire to repair the standardized transformation, investment less than a million yuan, more than ten million yuan. Although the financial support for new rural construction is more powerful, it is not enough to meet the expenditure of new rural construction projects.In order to complete the new rural construction as soon as possible, some villages actively seek projects from their superiors, regardless of the bank loans; Inorder to pursue political achievements, the two cadres of the village and the communist party of China, in order to pursue their political achievements, have made great efforts to build high grade and high taste pavilions in spite of the financial resources of the countryside, resulting in large-scale losses of collective assets. Based on sustainable development, the top of the village to take active measures, reasonable development and utilization of natural resources and strengthen environmental protection and ecological construction, developing circular economy, comprehensive to speed up the pace of building a well-off and harmonious new countryside, and promote comprehensive development of village economy, out of a conform to the new socialist countryside basic characteristics and the new way of development direction.8. Experience in new rural constructionIs a innovative leadership style, give full play to the township, the core of leadership role, enterprise's support, standing by the body of the function and community service, integrating resources,forming resultant force, provides the powerful organization guarantee for the construction of new countryside, is the important guarantee for paying special attention to the new rural construction.2 it is to constantly adjust and improve the work way of thinking and find out the breakthrough point, the implementation of each work measures, give full play to the resource advantage, a leading enterprises, the community's economic and social development, to ensure the steadily push forward new rural construction, promote the healthy, harmonious and sustainable development of collective economy, and is an effective way of new rural construction.3 it is to strengthen team construction, strengthen the team cohesion, combat effectiveness and creativity of the "two committees", always put the solved "someone handle affairs" as the premise of "rich", give full play to the exemplary role of party cadres, devoted to "suffering" four modernizations construction, developing the collective economy, strive to hometown's contributions to economic construction and social development, is the determinant of payingspecial attention to the new rural construction.Four is to create a good external environment, to win at all levels of government and the higher authorities concerned about and support, for the new rural construction and the development of collective economy to increase the power, is the key of new rural construction emphatically.9. Social practice perceptionCollege students to participate in practice, was WuSiQing years pioneered "moves towards the society and into people" glorious tradition, is education combined with production practice in the new era of the manifestation, is the young students will own value and an important link in the motherland fate is closely linked. We want to become a modernization of useful talents, as soon as possible to adapt to the needs of the society, will be during the period of study, take an active part in social practice activities, social cognition, identify yourself, adjust and improve themselves, exercise self in difficulties and setbacks, to adapt to the later work. This is the main purpose of my practice. Seize the favorable opportunity toparticipate in the activities of various forms of summer practice, to guide our learning book knowledge and commitment to social practice to unify, improve the ability of solving practical problems, has the very vital significance.。