同位语从句与定语从句的区别比较同位语从句与定语从句的语法结构与功能

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同位语从句

同位语从句

一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰,限定或说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。

同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。

在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句。

用法:一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。

它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。

I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。

二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,words(消息),possibility等(一般的“抽象”名词都可用)。

I’ve come from Mr. W ang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon.我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。

三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词that,whether,连接代词what,who。

连接副词how, where等。

(注:if, which 不能引导同位语从句。

)He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。

四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。

The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。

同位语从句的引导词,引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that,whether,连接代词和连接副词等。

1. 连词that引导同位语从句(注:引导同位语从句的that不能省略)The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。

定语从句,名词性从句,同位语从句,及其区别

定语从句,名词性从句,同位语从句,及其区别
• (2) from where为“介词+关系副词“结构,但也可以引导 定语从句.例如:
• We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town..
• e.g. • 1:This is the detective who came from
London. • 2:The book which I am reading is written
by Tomas Hardy. • 3:The desk whose leg is broken is very
的人.Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的,也可以是非限制性的. • (7) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员,则
用who. • (8) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that.例如:
• The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. • (9) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该
• 2. that可引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原 因
• That有时可以代替关系副词 when, where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间.地点或原 因,在 that引导的这种定语从句中,that也可 以省去.
三“介词+关系代词“是一个普
遍使用的结构
• (1) “介词+关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以 引导非限制性定语从句.“介词+关系代词“结构中的介 词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等, 关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that .

选修八-Unit-2-语法:同位语从句(学生)

选修八-Unit-2-语法:同位语从句(学生)
A. what B. that C. when D. as
13. She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.
A. it B. which C. this D. that
14. I can't stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9. The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
(3)当when, why, where和how引导同位语从句时,它们为连接副词。虽然它们在从句中充当句子成分,但前面没有与其意义相当的先行词。引导定语从句的when, where, why是关系副词,在它们前面分别有表示时间、地点、原因意义的名词作先行词。
He can answer the question how oxygen is joined with other elements.
I will never forget the day when I worked there.
【真题剖析】
(江西名校信息卷)The moment ________ Leo will neverforget is ________ Mr. Green gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing.

高考英语考点 74同位语从句

高考英语考点 74同位语从句

考点七十四同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。

同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。

它一般放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information, belief, thought, doubt, promise, question等抽象名词的后面,对前面的名词作进一步的解释,说明前面名词的具体含义。

1.☞The hope that he may recover is not gone yet.他不是没有恢复的希望。

☞The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved.我们是否继续做这个实验的问题已经被解决。

2. 同位语从句的几种特殊情况(1)当主句的谓语较短,而同位语从句较长时,同位语从句常后置。

☞The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow.故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。

(2)表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词order, demand, suggestion等后接同位语从句时,从句的谓语要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可省略。

☞The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary.每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。

3. 同位语从句和定语从句的区别☞The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true.李先生将是我们的新英语老师这个消息是真的。

(同位语从句,that不可省略)☞The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.他昨天告诉我的消息是真的。

定语从句与同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别(汇编)

定语从句与同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别(汇编)

定语从句与同位语从句、强调句的区别一、定语从句1. 定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词、词组或代词即先行词。

定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。

关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which;关系副词有:when, where, why。

2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,用于修饰和限定先行词。

如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

书写时不用逗号与先行词分开。

例:This is the boy who broke the window.(2)非限制性定语从句在意义上只是一个附加修饰语,对先行词或主句作些附加的说明。

如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚。

书写时往往用逗号与先行词分开。

例:I, who am your friend, will share the work with you.3. 非限制性定语从句的“四个不能”:(1)非限制性定语从句通常不能用that引导。

(2)非限制性定语从句不能用why引导,要用for which 代替。

例:I had told them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.(3)由“介词+关系代词”引导时,关系代词不能用as。

(4)指人的关系代词作宾语时用whom,不能省略。

4. 在定语从句中,下列情况的关系词用that而不用which:(1)先行词被形容词最高级、序数词、数词等几种词修饰或被only, any, few, little, no, all, one of等修饰时。

例:This is the best film that I have ever read.(2)先行词为all, much, little, none, few, one, something, everything, anything等不定代词时。

定语从句_同位语从句_强调句[1]

定语从句_同位语从句_强调句[1]

高考英语语法专题讲解-定语从句、同位语从句、强调句1. 定语从句1.1 三步思考:(1)找出先行词;(2)看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);(3)选择合适的关联词。

1.2何时用that ?何时用which?1.2.1只能用that 的3种情况:(1)先行词被序数词最高级,以及the only 、the very the same、the last修饰过.(2)先行词为all 、everything、nothing等不定代词.(3)先行词同时是人和物并列时.ter my father and Mr.Crosset talked of things and persons that they rememberedin school.1.2.2 只能用which的情况:(1)介宾短语(2)指代前面的一件事e.g. He talked of it in a rude way which made me annoyed.1.3关系代词as(正如…)1.3.1 as在定语从句中作主语e.g.As appear from her paper ,she has read widely in Romantic literature.We have found such material as is used in their factory. (非同一块材料)We have found such material that is used in their factory.(同一块材料)1.3.2 as在定语从句中作宾语e.g.She is remarkable, as I have told you .She wears the clothes as she did last Sunday. (穿的是同一件)She wears the clothes as her sister does. (穿的不是同一件)1.3.3 as在定语从句中作表语e.g. He was not the same person as he ( was).(省略从句谓语时只能用as)=He was not the same person that he was.1.3.4 as的固定用法:As we know, = As is known to all that/ As is known to all, …1.4 all that和whatAll that I know is that he has made up his mind to heave the country for a new place.that引导定语从句that引导表语从句= What I know is that……What引导主语从句1.5 关系副词: where, when, why比较: This is the house where I lived 2 years ago.This is the house which I visited.I will never forget the day when I joined the army.I will never forget the day that we spent.....together.The reason...... why I am calling you is to invite you to my party.T he reason you gave me yesterday cannot be accepted.The reason is that I want you to come to my party.表语从句只要在定语从句中担任状语的,就用关系副词。

英语知识点归纳同位语从句用法


结构特点
定语从句通常紧挨着 它所修饰的名词,有 时也可以在其后。例 如。“The car that I drive is red。
他明天要去巴黎的消息是 真的
”中的同位语从句由 that引导,解释说明 “消息”的具体内容 。
定语从句用于限制所修饰名词的范围
引导词类型
定语从句的引导词有that,which,whose, who等,这些词在从句中充当一定的成分,如主 语、宾语、定语等。例如。“The book that I read yesterday is very interesting。
英语复习知识点归纳同位语从句用法
汇报人:
• 定语从句与同位语从句的引导词 • 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 • 引导词的不同 • 同位语从句与定语从句的引导词
功能上的不同 • 同位语从句的语气
01
定语从句与同位语从句的引导词
that引导定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句中的that 作为关系代词,除 了起连接作用外, 还在从句中充当一 定的成分,并且在 意义上代表先行词
定语从句中的关系副词 在从句中充当状语,而 同位语从句中的连接副 词则充当解释说明的作 用。同时,定语从句中 的关系副词可以转换成 “介词关系代词”的形 式,而同位语从句中的 连接副词则不能。
同位语从句与定语从句中引导词的不同功能
• 而定语从句所修饰的名词广泛。例如: the news that he will leave for Beijing(他将要去北京的消息)和the book that I read yesterday(我昨天 读的那本书)中的that分别引导的是同 位语从句和定语从句。同时注意, “where”用于地点名词前, “when”用于时间名词前,“why” 用于reason后。

史上最标准的英语语法之同位语从句

第十六节同位语从句同位语从句和定语从句的区别一、定语从句是形容词从句,其作用相当于一个形容词,是用来修饰前面的名词或代词的;同位语从句是名词从句,其作用相当于一个名词,是对前面的名词作进一步解释的。

例如:1.We heard the news that he had told her. 我们听到他对她说的消息。

2.We heard the news that he had won the game. 我们听到消息他赢得了比赛。

例1中的that从句的作用相当于一个形容词,其作用是修饰the news;例2中的that从句的作用相当于一个名词,是对the news的进一步说明。

二、定语从句的引导词在从句中充当一定的成分,可作主语、宾语、状语等;而同位语从句中的引导词在从句只起连接作用,不作任何句子成分。

例如:1. A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。

2. The fact that they didn't finish the work has to be faced. 必须面对事实,他们没有完成工作。

例1中的引导词that在从句中充当句子成分,作从句的主语,故为定语从句;例2中的that只起连接作用,引导从句解释fact的内容,不作任何句子成分,故为同位语从句。

引导从句的关联词that的功能不同:that引导同位语从句时是一个纯连词,不充当任何成分;而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。

三、引导定语从句的关联词在从句中作宾语或状语时,可以省略或被其他词代替;而同位语从句的引导词一般不能省略,更不能被代替。

例如:1. The news that she heard is true. 她听到的消息是真的。

2. The news that she will go abroad is true. 她将出国这消息是真的。

同位语从句与定语从句


2,It is the room where he studies every day.(修饰前面的房间)
3,The day that/which we spent to together was a lovely day. 4,I like the house that/which he bought for me.(bought修饰前面的名词) 5,The girl who used to be a singer is a famous actress now. 6,I like the house where he lived in three years ago. 7,Did you enjoy the film which you saw yesterday?(saw修饰前面的the film) 8,This is the factory that he was invited to visit last month. 9,The person who is my best friend. 10,The bridge which was built last year broke down.
9,I was surprise when I heard the news that you won the game. 10,I have no idea whether you’ll pass or not.
谢谢观赏!老师您辛苦了!
同位语从句与定语从句
定语从句:对前面名词加以解释、说明;从结构上讲,它是由连接词引导
的;从内涵上讲,它所说明的名词与从句没有逻辑关系,that 不可省略。
注意的问题:
1,代词+介词+which/whom(有连接功能和句中作主语-which和宾语-w,和that/which区别:看句中动词(介词)和先行词是否构成动(介) 宾关系。 3,situation,case,period,point,(方法同2,where/that,which.构成用where,构不 成用that/which) 4,news,information,chance,falt,advice,promise(构成定语从句可以用that/which, 构不成只能用that) 5,as引导定语从句

定语从句、状语从句和同位语从句

复合句【语法要点】复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。

从句只用作句子的一个成分,不能独立。

根据从句在句子中的作用,可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。

(一)名词性从句名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

其关联词有连接词that、if、whether;疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。

1.名词性从句句法结构:2.名词性从句的其它用法:1)if不能引导表语从句。

连接代词who、what、whose、which不能引导同位语从句。

2)有时as、as if/though、because也可以引导表语从句,能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be、seem、look等。

例如:Things are not always as they seem to be.事情并不总是像表面上看来的那样。

It looks as if it were going to rain. It is because you eat too much.3)介词宾语不可以用which来引导,而要用what来引导。

例如:We can learn what we did not know. He will talk to us about what he saw in the .4)连词that引导的名词性从句除能用在except、but、in后之外很少作介词的宾语,。

其它一些介词的宾语从句如果由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步作形式宾语。

例如:He is a good student except that he is careless.You may depend on it that they will support you.5)若主句谓语动词是及物动词make、find、think、see、hear等,则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。

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同位语从句与定语从句的区别比较同位语从句与定语从句的语法结构与功能同位语从句与定语从句的区别比较
同位语从句和定语从句是英语中两种常见的从句结构,它们在语法结构和功能上有着明显的区别。

本文将对同位语从句和定语从句进行比较,并分析其语法结构与功能相关的特点。

一、同位语从句与定语从句的定义
1. 同位语从句:同位语从句是位于名词后面,用来解释说明或者补充名词意义的从句。

同位语从句通常由连词“that”引导,有时也可以使用其他连词或者疑问词。

例句1:I have no doubt that he will pass the exam.(同位语从句)例句2:She is worried about whether she can get the job.(同位语从句)
2. 定语从句:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它对先行词进行进一步说明。

定语从句通常由关系代词(如who,which,that)或者关系副词(如when,where,why)引导。

例句3:The book that you gave me is very interesting.(定语从句)例句4:I still remember the day when we first met.(定语从句)
二、同位语从句与定语从句的语法结构比较
1. 同位语从句的语法结构:
主语 + 动词 + 同位语(从句)
2. 定语从句的语法结构:
先行词 + 关系代词/关系副词 + 谓语 + 其他成分
三、同位语从句与定语从句的功能比较
1. 同位语从句的功能:
(1)同位语从句作为对名词进行解释和补充,起到进一步说明的
作用。

例句5:I have a feeling that something bad is going to happen.(同位
语从句)
例句6:His hope is that he can study abroad next year.(同位语从句)(2)同位语从句可以用来表达说话人的观点、信念等,并引出对
于主句的评价或者看法。

例句7:My belief is that hard work leads to success.(同位语从句)
例句8:Her opinion is that the company should invest in new technology.(同位语从句)
2. 定语从句的功能:
(1)定语从句用于修饰名词或者代词,对先行词进行具体解释或
者限制。

例句9:The car that is parked outside is mine.(定语从句)
例句10:The girl who won the competition is very talented.(定语从句)
(2)定语从句可以提供更多的信息,帮助听者或读者更好地理解主句中提到的名词。

例句11:The book that I borrowed from the library is a best-seller.(定语从句)
例句12:The factory where my father works is near the river.(定语从句)
综上所述,同位语从句和定语从句在语法结构和功能上存在明显的区别。

同位语从句用于解释说明或者评价名词,而定语从句则是用于修饰名词或者代词。

对于学习英语的人来说,深入理解并正确运用这两种从句结构对于提升语言表达能力至关重要。

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