高考英语语法填空题解题技巧

陕西省子洲县子洲中学曹海荣

语法填空题是在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，每空1.5分，

满分15分，部分空白后面给出单词的名词/动词/形容词/副词等基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容〔1个单词〕或所提供单词的正确形式.

该题考查考生在阅读理解的基础上对语法、词汇和语言知识的掌握情况，着重考查学生的语言综合应用能力.

语法填空所用语言材料主要有两种形式：短文体和对话体，高考全国卷以考查短文体为主.语法填空题意在通过考察考生对语法和词汇知识的掌握情况，这种考察考生的语言综合应用能力.内容体现中国传统文化和社会主义核心价值观，注重培养考生的学科素养.做题时一定要依据语意和逻辑，做到意义完整，逻辑通顺，形式正确.培养和提高学生的三种能力：1.语篇理解能力；2逻辑分析能力；3.正确应用语言的能力.词类方面，以考查实词为主，虚词为辅.实词以考查动词〔包括非谓语动词〕、形容词、副词、名词和代词为主：虚词以考查并列连词、从属连词，介词和冠词为主.

填空题类型有两类：

第一类:无提示词，即纯填空〔一般为3-

4道〕根据文章语句含义及上下文内容自己填写，词数有限制，只填写一个单词，主要填写以下四类词：

1.填冠词

名词前如果没有形容词性物主代词或限定词可能要考查填冠词〔a , an ,the 〕以及固定词组中的冠词.不定冠词有a, an两种形式，辅音因素前用a; 元音因素前用an.

表泛指用不定冠词，表特指用定冠词.下面是习惯搭配的不定冠词的常见特殊例子.

a useful animal, a university, a European car, a one-eyed dog.

an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor.

2.填介词

填习惯搭配或固定短语中的介词〔动词短语和介词短语〕以及常用介词

的基本用法.

3.填连词

填连词包括并列连词和从属连词

若两个句子〔有两个主谓结构〕之间，没有句号或分号，也没有连词，空

格处通常填连词.根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系，或者句式结构，确定是并列句〔填并列连词〕还是主从复合句〔填从属连词〕

常见的并列连词有：

⑴并列关系 and, both...and, not only... but also, neither...nor，as well as

⑵转折关系 but, yet, whereas

⑶选择关系 or, or else, otherwise, either... or , not...but不是....而是

⑷因果关系 so, for, therefore, thus

⑸对比关系 while

从属连词填3类从句引导词who, whom, whose, what, that, which, if, whether, when ,why 〔状语从句、定语从句和名词性从句---主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句〕例如：名词横线谓语动词〔横线上就是典型的定语从句缺引导词，缺少主语，判断先行词是指人用who ，指物用that/which〕

牢记非限制性定语从句不能用that引导.Whose后必须加名词〔whose+n〕.

4.填代词

第二类:有提示词〔一般为7-

6道〕主要对提示词进行词性变化，时态、语态，主谓一致和非谓语动词.

1.括号里给出动词

当括号里给出动词原形，一般考查动词的时态和语态或非谓语动词.分析

句子结构看如果缺谓语，就考虑谓语动词的〔时态、语态〕以及主谓一致 .假设已经有谓语动词，考虑考查非谓语动词.

非谓语动词〔不定式、v-ing 和p.p〕

如果给出介词by前面横线可以填以下4种形式P.P/being +p.p /助动词+p.p/to be p.p

如：be-is -am -are- was-were-being-been. 8种形式

空格前面出现以下动词或动词词组一般要填括号里动词的动名词形式，口诀：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想.避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏.禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡.consider, suggest/advice, look forward to, excuse/pardon；admit, delay/put off, fancy,想象，设想; avoid, miss, keep/keep on , practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate ; forbid, imagine , risk, can’t help 〔禁不住〕, mind, allow/permit, escape.

be used /accustomed/to, lead to , devote to, go back to , stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can’t stand 〔无法忍受〕， give up, feel like, insist on, be busy, have difficulty 〔in〕, have a good/wonderful/hard time 〔in〕，spend 〔in〕等短语后也要用动名词作宾语.

空格前面出现以下动词一般用括号里动词的不定式形式，口诀：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装.主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮.decide/determine, learn, want. expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help.

熟记下面的动词及动词词组后接动词不定式作宾语补足语：

ask， allow，advise, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, love , order, persuade，prefer, remind, require, teach, tell, want, wish, wait for, call on, depend on.

2.括号里给出形容词和副词

形容词和副词之间的误用，形容词和副词的词性转换，比较等级和最高级的用法，特别注意是否加表示否定或相反意义的前缀和后缀词.-ed型形容词修饰人，表示主语的感受，意为“感到、、、、、、的”，-ing型形容词修饰物，表示主语的性质特征，意为“令人、、、、、的”.

形容词变副词的规则：

〔1〕adj+ly slowly suddenly clearly

〔2〕〕辅音字母+y结尾变y为i+ly happy-happily easy-easily heavy-heavily angry-

angrily lucky-luckily noisy-noisily

〔3〕词尾为ue的形容词，去掉e再加ly true-truly

〔4〕词尾为ll的形容词，直接加y full-fully dull-dully

〔5〕词尾为ic的形容词，加ally basic-basically scientific-scientifically

〔6〕词尾为le的形容词去e 再加y terrible-terribly possible-possibly

考查到要填比较级的情况均会出现提示词：如句中有than引出的比较对象用比较级+er/more\less；语境中暗含比较级用比较级；修饰语为much, even, far, a little, a bit；固定结构“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越来越、、、；介词短语of, in, among….引出比较范围.最高级三者以上比较用最高级；The+最高级+est /most\least.

3.括号里给出名词

首先考虑名词的单复数和所有格以及词性转化，给出冠词后要填名词 .

动词+al/ence/ance/tion/sion/ment/ure结尾构成名词，如：arrival，preference，invitation，decision，achievement，beginning，failure，nature，future. 名词后缀-er, -ese, -ist,-ian,变成名词表示一类“人”，villager, Japanese, artist, musician

如果给出一个介词后面需填n/doing 例如：给出介词by后+doing

4.括号里给出代词

〔代词的三大类五小项，例如：he-him-his-his-himself.〕

主要考虑代词的变化形式：人称代词〔主格和宾格〕、物主代词〔形容词性和名词性物主代词〕、反身代词.

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