现在分词与定语从句转换
Doing (1)
【内容】
(1)动名词和现在分词
(2)现在分词与过去分词对比应用：状语，表语，伴随或方式，原因，条件，让步等
(3)现在分词作定语时与定于从句之间的转化。
(4)现在分词作状语与状语从句的转化。
一．动名词：
【定义】相当于名词，在句中作主语；宾语；表语。
【构成形式】
主动： doing sth 被动： being done
Having done having been done.
【应用】
1.做主语。
(1)当动词短语或动词位于句首时做主语。被看作单数不可数名词。
主语较长时用it代替主语。
(2) 特殊句型。
It is no use doing sth
It is useless doing sth
It is no good doing sth
It is a waste of time doing sth
It is worthwhile doing sth
There is no point\ use in doing sth
There is nothing wore than doing sth 没什么比做…更糟糕的。
(3) 练习一下。
开快车是非常危险的。
2.作动词宾语。
(1)Forbid doing sth; allow doing sth ，advocate doing sth ; admit doing sth ; Advise\ suggest doing sth; risk doing sth; appreciate doing sth; enjoy doing sth; Envy doing sth; avoid doing sth; consider doing sth; delay doing sth; deny doing sth. Dislike doing sth; escape doing sth; excuse doing sth; finish doing sth; forgive doing sth. Understand doing sth; give up doing sth; imagine doing sth; keep doing sth; mind doing sth. Miss doing sth , practice doing sth, put off doing sth, resist doing sth; can’t help doing sth; Can’t stand doing sth; devote to doing sth; look forward to doing sth, stick to doing sth; be used to doing sth, object to doing sth; be busy in doing sth; adapt to doing sth; be occupied in doing sth;
(2)Sth need \ require\ want doing
(3) allow\ permit\forbid\advice doing sth
(4) 练习
The light in the office is still on. He forgot (turn) it off.
Don’t you remember (see)the man before?
= Your composition needs .
做介词宾语
(1) 动词 + 介词 + doing sth
Be used to doing ; be related to doing; get down to doing ; be given to doing =be
addicted to doing ; put one’s mind to doing ; give rise to (引起); be equal to
doing sth ; devote one’s to doing sth ; lead to doing sth; object to doing ; look
forward to doing sth; be opposed to doing sth ; stop\ keep\ prevent sb from doingh
sth; protect sb from doing sth; forbid sb from doing sth; Remind sb of doing sth ;
Warn sb of doing sth ; Rob sb of doing sth; inform sb of doing sth ; accuse sb of
doing sth ; feel like doing sth.
(2) 形容词 + 介词 +doing sth
Be busy in doing ; be occupied in; be interested in ; be responsible for doing sth..
(3) 主语+ have + fun\ pleasure \a good time\ trouble \ difficulty \ problem in doing
sth
;have no hesitation in doing sth
(4) what\ how about doing sth (征求意见)
(5)go + shopping\ swimming\ camping\ climbing\hiking\ running\skating\ walking\
sightseeing\dancing\ fishing\ riding\ jogging\ hunting\ driving\ boating ……
练习
I used to (get) up late , but now I am used to (get) up early.
The rain prevented us from (go) out .
现在分词的用法
二．现在分词 doing sth
[用法]
<1>在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语和状语。
<2>作定语时与定语从句之间的转换。
<3>作状语时与状语从句之间的转换。
<4>应用于写作和句子考查。
[两个基本特点]
<1> 在时间上表示动作正在进行。
<2> 在语态上表示主动。
[讲解与实践]
作定语
1.单个现在分词+ 名词或代词；
★一般动词表示正在进行的动作。可相当于定语从句。
★表心理活动的词像：tire , puzzle , disappoint , satisfy….. 它们的现在分词形式不表进行而表示所修饰名词的特点。
【练习】
翻译：
a swimming person ；
swimming clothes .
a falling leaf ;
a coming exam ;
working workers .
a reading room ;
sleeping bag
a disappointing result
令人迷惑的案件
那些感到迷惑的学生
2. 现在分词短语
[特点]
<1> 表示正在进行的动作。
<2> 动词ing所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生。
[练习]
<1> This is the path (通往我校的路)。（两个动作同时发生）
This is the path (定语从句翻译)
<2> 20年前他住在朝东的房间。（两个动作同时发生）
（用分词短语修饰“房间”）
（用定语从句修饰“房间”）
<3> Tell the children (play) outside not to make too much noise. (用
分词短语)
（表示动作正在进行）
(定语从句翻译)
<4> Tom , wearing white clothes , followed me down the hill.
(把划线部分转为非限制定语从句) 【非谓语动词作定语的区别】
1.to do sth doing sth (动名词) doing sth (现在分词) done(过
去分词)
(1) 表示将来。名词功能。表进行或同时发生的动作。发生在谓语之前。
同时发生。
完成时表发生
位于谓语之前
(2) 序数词+ to do
Adj+est+n+ to do
主语+ be + adj + to + do
[练习]
<1> The house (build) next week is likely to be our lab.
<2> 一个游泳池
<3> The young man ( graduate ) from a good college is my cousin . (同
时发生的动作)
<4> In terms of my view, He is easy (相处)。
<5> when I went to the class, I saw the boys and the girls (read) in the classroom.
<6> English (speak) by the world is widely used in different fields of society.
作表语
【结构】 n be doing
【含义】多表示主语的特征。
【主要词】多是表心理活动的词，译成“令人……的”;
<1>这个令人感动的故事情节深深地感动了我。
The story plot deeply me.(含有一个定语从句)
[对比] 过去分词多表示“人感到…的”。
动词不定式表示具体动作，特别是表示将来动作。如果在aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, wish + be to do sth. 或 what…+ is to do
sth 句子中，to do sth 是对主语起补充说明作用。
<1> Her wish (become) an engineer is bound to be realized in the future. (划线部分用定语从句)
<2> what is my purpose is (accumulate) more words and expressions. 宾语补足语
【用法】
(1) 感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice, observe, keep, find, listen to , look at sb doing sth
(2) 使役动词：have, get, leave.
【练习】
<1> We saw steam rising from the wet clothes. (中文)
<2> 我认为你让他整天一直学习是不对的。
I think
【对比】
<3> 我听到他叫我几次了。
（宾补表示完成了的动作）
<4> He let me （clean） the hotel tomorrow. (宾补表示将要做的动作)
<5> The man had his hair (cut) (宾补表示被动完成的动作) 。
(完整版)初中英语定语从句讲解教师版
初中英语定语从句讲解及练习(教师版) 一.定语从句及相关术语 1.定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as 等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 1.who指人，在从句中做主语 (1) the boys who are playing football are from class one. (2) yesterday i helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) mr. liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) mr. ling is just the boy whom i want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) the man who/whom you met just now is my friend. 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) this is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who 或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) the number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) where is the man that/whom i saw this morning? 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) he has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) i once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) the classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) the classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) do you like the book the color of which is yellow? 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) the school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) the school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) tomorrow i will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) we'll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talked about. (6) we'll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked. 注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care
状语从句与分词作状语的转换
[非谓语动词和从句转换]状语从句与分词作 状语的转换 篇一: 状语从句与分词作状语的转换 状语从句与分词作状语的转换 时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。[] 一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。如： They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do． 由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because 和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语：Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace． 二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。 1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out． 从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。则可变成现在分词作时间状语。 Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out． 2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he
was great-ly touched by his words．从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。Greatly touched by his teache r’s words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”． 三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例： 1．As the heroes’ deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder． 句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes’deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。即成As they w ere deeplymoved by the heroes’deeds．从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，就可转换成： Deeply moved by the heroes’deeds，they decided to study even harder． 下列的句子中主语也是不同的。 2．The professor came into the lab；a group of students followed him． 这是两个简单句，如果中间加个and也可看成并列句。但主语不同，可以先把第二句变成：He was followed by a group of students．全句就转换成： Followed by a group of students，the professor came into the lab． 四、如果看不出有从句，该怎么办？请看下例： He recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years
4后置定语与定语从句
后置定语与定语从句 英语中的后置定语往往可以分为以下几类，形容词做后置定语，现在分词做后置定语，过去分词做后置定语，不定式作后置定语。而后置定语往往可以由定语从句演变而来，这种定语从句的关系词往往是关系代词在从句中充当主语。下面我们来逐一讨论： 1.现在分词作后置定语 ⑴Who is the girl dancing with your brother？（现在分词作后置定语， 表正在）可改写成定语从句Who is the girl that is dancing with your brother？ The high building being built (=which is being built)there is meant for the old without children. It is expected to be finished in a year.(正在被建) ⑵Anyone touching the wire will get a shock.可以改成定语从句Anyone who touches the wire will get a shock. 2.过去分词做后置定语 The jewelry (which is) worn by the Indians was made of bones. The spaceship (which was) called Shenzhou Ⅴ, was carrying China’s first astronaut, Yang Liwei. The Indians wearing (=who wore)jewelry (which was) made of bones greeted them warmly. 3.不定时作后置定语 表示未发生或即将发生的情况如 The project （which is）to be completed next month needs more people to help.（即将完成的） There are more pains (which are)to come.(要来的) Children who lived closest to the Fukushima-1 Nuclear Power Station were among the first to be tested.（the first，the last之后常用不定式作定语）
(完整版)定语从句超详细讲解
定语从句 一学习目标 1.熟练掌握定语从句 二考点解析 ⊙定从的功能—解释说明 This is the factory that/which can produce such machines 这就是能制造这种机器的工厂This is the factory that/which we visited last week 这就是我们上周参观的工厂 ⊙定语从句 定义：一个简单句跟在名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做定语从句。这个简单句在主句中充当定语成分。 I bought a cow that looked like a horse. ⊙定语从句怎么考？ 语法 22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.（2016高考北京卷） A.whose B.why C.where D.which 完形 Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail. （2016高考北京卷） 阅读&写作 A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.（2016高考全国卷D篇） Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. （2016高考北京卷阅读A篇） ⊙定从原理：把两个句子合为一个，两个句子有相同的部分，此时可以把其中一个句子作为另一个句子的修饰限定部分。
分词与从句的转换
分词的形式： (not ) doing现在分词的一般式 （主动、进行） (not ) done过去分词的一般式 （被动、完成） (not ) being done 分词的进行被动式（被动、进行）(not ) having done 分词的完成式（主动、完成） $ 谓语与分词非谓语转换的一般原则do/does/did is/are doing was/were doing --- doing is/are/was/were done
--- done ~ is being done --- being done has/have done --- having done has/have been done --- (having been) done ￥ 分词与从句的转换
1 分词作定语，相当于定语从句 1) The hospital was an old building that/which was built in 1931. （ --- The hospital was an old building built in 1931. 2) Do you know the girl who is standing over there --- Do you know the girl standing over there 3) The man who spoke to us the other day has gone to London.
--- The man speaking to us the other day has gone to London. @ 4) He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people who were exposed to cholera. --- He became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. 5) He found that it came from the river which was polluted by the dirty water. --- He found that it came from the river .
(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
分词作后置定语40838
所谓“定语”，就是能起到修饰、限定、解释说明作用的语言，例如，形容词是定语，定语从句也是定语。由于一些分词或分词短语置于被修饰对象的后面，所以称作“后置定语”。 现在分词和过去分词都可以做后置定语。 （1）被修饰的名词与作定语的动词为主动关系，表示该动作正在进行或与主句动作同时发生，或是经常发生的行为时，用现在分词做定语。例如： The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那里的女孩是我姐姐。 The people waiting for the bus are talking with each other. 正在等公车的人们在相互交谈。 注意；分词短语作后置定语时可以改写成定语从句。 The girl who is standing there is my sister. The people who are waiting for the bus are talking with each other. （2）如果名词与作定语的动词为被动关系时，则定语有下列三种形式： a. 如果动作已发生或经常的行为，用done。 例如：The house built there is mine. 建在那儿的房子是我的。转为定语从句：The house which was built there is mine.
b. 如果动作正在进行，用being done。 例如：The house being built there is mine.正在那儿建造的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is being built there is mine. c. 如果动作未发生，用to be done。 例如：The house to be built there is mine.将要在那儿建起来的房子是我的。 转为定语从句：The house which is to be built there is mine.
分词作状语转换
1、状语从句中的谓语动词是系动词be时: 1.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连接词与主语并把be改为being. 即可。 As he is a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. →Being a tailor, he knows what to do with this material. 1.2、从句的主句主语与从句主语不同时，只要保留从句的主语，其它变化同以上1.1。 As he is still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. →He being still a child, you shouldn't be too hard on him. 1.3、当从句是否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.2。 As he was no tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. →No being tall enough, he couldn't reach for the apple. 2、当从句的谓语动词是进行时态（现在进行时态或过去进行时态）时: 2.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的引导词与主语并去掉助动词be保留现在分词即可。有时为了强调进行状态,亦在分词前保留being. While he was reading the book, he nodded from time to time. →While reading the book, he nodded from time to time 2.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，除保留从句主语外，其他变化同以上2.1 When he was giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel. →He giving a telephone call, his wife was reading a novel 2.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在being 前加否定词not ，其它变化同以上1.1与2.2 As Tom is not working in his office, No one receives the telephone. →Tom not working i n his office, no one receives the telephone. 3、当从句中的谓语动词为一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的实义动词时： 3.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句主语并将实义动词改为现在分词即可Look round when you cross the street. →Look round when crossing the street. 3.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上3.1 When they left the airport, we waved again and again to them. →They leaving the airport, we waved again and again to them. 3.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在现在分词前加not，其他变化同以上3.1与3.2 As he didn't know anything about the accident, he went to work as usual. →.Not knowing anything about the acc ident, he went to work as usual. 4、当从句的谓语动词是一般时态(一般现在时与一般过去时)的被动态时： 4.1、当从句主语与主句主语相同时，只要去掉从句中的连词与主语并去掉be保留过去分词即可。 As the teacher was surrounded tightly by a group of students, he couldn't get away. →Surrounded tightly by a group of students the teacher cou ldn't get away. 4.2、当从句与主句的主语不同时，只要保留主语，其他变化同以上4.1 A. As the car was trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. →The car trapped in the sand, we had to go for help. 4.3、当从句是含not的否定句时，只要在过去分词前加not外，其他变化同以上4.1与4.2 As he was not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. →Not killed dead in the field, he escaped at the very night. 5、当从句的谓语动词是完成时态(现在完成时与过去完成时)时：
高一英语定语从句讲解精华版
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
定语从句与非谓语动词的转换
定语从句和非谓语动词是高中阶段重要的两大语法项目。定语从句的应用可以使语言表达更精确更生动，显得使用者具有较高的英语文化底蕴，但也是中学英语的难点语法项目，许多同学在学习和运用定语从句时，感到很难理解。若将其简化，理解起来就比较简单了。而非谓语动词的正确使用，就可以使定语从句的理解容易化，简单化，而且使语句简练、更有文采。掌握二者的转换，有助于我们更好的理解其用法，并能够自如地运用。下面我就着重谈谈如何将定语从句转换成非谓语动词以及转换时应注意的事项。 1定语从句转换成不定式“to do”。 定语从句的谓语动词是将来时或含有情态动词或含有序数词the next，the last等时，该定语从句转换为不定式“to do”. （1）The plane which will arrive is from Hubei. →The plane to arrive is from Hubei。 （2）The students will go to a party that will be held in our class at 7：45. →The students will go to a p arty to be held in our class at 7：45. （3）He was the first boy who came to school. →He was the first boy to come to school. .2定语从句可转换成为“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句和“介词+关系代词或副词+不定式”充当的定语，可以相互转换。被这种定语修饰的名词往往在逻辑上充当不定式动作的地点、时间或工具。例： （1）She wanted a room in which she could do her homework. →She wanted a room in which to do her homework. （2）She had only a pen with which she can write. →She had only a pen to write with.或She had only a pen with which to write. 注：定语从句转换成“介词+ 关系代词+不定式”时，此时的不定式一定是及物动词，如是不及物动词，则需在动词后面加上相应的介词。这个介词可提前到关系代词前面，也可留在句尾。前者是正式说法后者是非正式说法。而且上例中动词不定式与句子主语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，否则就不能简单地把作定语的不定式都变成此结构。 “He is looking for a place for his friend to live in”这句话。我们就不能将句中的a place for his friend to live in改为a place to live in或a place in which to live。 3.1定语从句可以转换为现在分词（短语） 如果定语从句的谓语是主动语态，且发生的时间与主句的谓语所表示的动作所发生的时间同时，此时可以将定语从句转换成现在分词短语）。 （1）Have you ever talked to the girl who is dancing to music over there？→Have you ever talked to the girl dancing to music over there？ （2）The question that is being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. →The question being discussed is about how to improve living conditions. .2定语从句可以转化为过去分词（短语） 如定语从句的谓语是被动语态，或是“系动词+过去分词（表语）”结构，且从句的谓语动词所表示的动作或状态是在主句的谓语之前发生或无明确的时间。此时，我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。有时定语从句谓语虽然是主动语态.但它表示的动作在主句谓语之前就已经完成，这时我们可以将定语从句转换成过去分词（短语）。 （1）The report that was made yesterday will be discussed today. →The report made yesterday will be discussed today. （2）The dictionary which my mother bought for me is very useful.
分词和定语从句的切换
1电在人们日常生活中得到广泛应用，因为它便于输送和转换为其它形式。 Electricity, which can be easily transmitted and changed into other forms of energy, has found wide application in daily life. Easily transmitted and changed into other forms of energy, Electricity has found wide application in our daily life. 2因为在底特律可以筹集到建造机器所需的资金，所以Tom向妻子建议搬回底特律住。Tom suggested to his wife that they move back to Detroit where he could get the necessary money to build his machine. Capable of raising fund for the construction of the machine in Detroit, Tom suggested to his wife that they move back there. 3西方看到了几颗星星，小镇的灯光没能使它们暗淡。 H e could see a few stars to the west, where the lights of the town didn’t blur them out. Not blurred out by the lights of the town, stars could be seen to the west. 4由于我们未能及时发货给你方造成了不便，我方表示歉意。 We apologize for the inconvenience on you that has been caused by our delay in delivery. Causing you inconvenience for the late delivery, we apologize for it. 5他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异常无礼，令人厌烦。 He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually rude and annoying. Mrs. Smith being more than usually rude and annoying, he didn’t want to talk to her any more.
状语从句与分词作状语的转换
状语从句与分词作状语的转换 时间、原因等状语从句可以转换成分词作状语，但这种转换是有条件的，也有一定的规律可循。 一、基本规则，也是最重要的规则是：从句的主语与主句的主语必须一致，变从句而主句不变。如： They did not go to the Summer Palace because they had a lot of work to do． 由于从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，可以把从句中because和they去掉，把had变成having，即成现在分词短语作原因状语： Having a lot of work to do，they did not go to the Summer Palace． 二、从句如果表示主动、完成，进行的动作，则转换成现在分词；如果表示被动，则转换成过去分词。 1．When he heard a cry for help，he rushed out． 从句中，he was与heard是主动关系，表示“他听见”。则可变成现在分词作时间状语。 Hearing a cry for help，he rushed out． 2．The boy Cater went up to his teacher and said“sorry”because he was great-ly touched by his words． 从句中，he was touched是被动关系，是“孩子被深深地触动了”，则变成过去分词作原因状语。Greatly touched by his teacher's words，the boy laterwent up to him and said“sorry”． 三、如果从句的主语与主句的主语不一致，该怎么办？请看下例： 1．As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply，they decided to study even harder． 句中，主句的主语是they，而从句主语是the heroes'deeds，主语不一致，这时可以把从句变换一下句型，变成被动语态。即成As they were deeplymoved by the heroes'deeds．从句的主语与主句的主语都是they，就可转换成：Deeply moved by the heroes'deeds，they decided to study even harder． 下列的句子中主语也是不同的。 2．The professor came into the lab；a group of students followed him． 这是两个简单句，如果中间加个and也可看成并列句。但主语不同，可以先把第二句变成：He was followed by a group of students．全句就转换成： Followed by a group of students，the professor came into the lab． 四、如果看不出有从句，该怎么办？请看下例： He recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years before，so he wentover to say hello to him． 这句中，看不出有从句。so是并列连词，表示“因此，于是”等意思。这样一来，前面那一句就有表示原因的意味。这一句可以改写为： Because he recognized the man who had been his classmate ten years before，he went over to say hello to him．变成一个原因状语从句，即可转换成现在分词作原因状语。 Recognizing the man… 许多有and或没有and的并列句，只要主语一致，往往可能换成分词作伴随状语。如： The students went home from school；they talked and laughed．可转换成： Talking and laughing，the students went home from school． 五、如何判断要不要有一个Being？如： As he was very old，he had to give up his teaching． 可转换成：Being very old，he had to give up his teaching．再看下例： As he was moved by the story，he decided to learn from the heroes． 则转换成：Moved by the story，he decided to learn from the heroes．而不是Being moved… 为什么呢？原来前面的那一句的was是系动词（link verb），后面跟的是表语（形容词或名词）。又如：As he was an engineer，he knew exactly what to do． an engineer．是名词作表语，即可转换成：