国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释(L-N)

国际贸易、运输、保险术语解释

L – N

Terms Definitions

术语注释

L

Laden Loaded aboard a vessel 装满一艘船

Laden draft The darft when vessel is laden

满载吃水.船舶装载货物后的吃水

Lading Lading refers to the freight shipped; the contents

of a shipment Lading

装载的货物。表示已装船的货物、货物的内容Landbridge Landbrige is movement of cargo by water or land

from one country through the port or point of

another country, thence, using rail or truck, to an

inland point in that country or to a third country.

As example, a through movement of Asian cargo

to Europe across North America

大陆桥运输，陆桥运输。大陆桥运输是通过陆上或水上将

货物从一个国家运到另一个国家的港口或陆地点，再从那

里用卡车或火车运达那个国家的内陆点或运到第三国。举

例说，亚洲货物通过北美运输到欧洲的运输过程（就是大

陆桥运输）。

Landed cost Landed Cost ,The total cost of a goods to a buyer,

including the cost of transportation.

到岸价格（包括运费）。到岸价格是买方要为货物支付的，

包括运输费用的购买货物的总费用

Landing certificate Landing Certificate issued by consular officials of

some importing countries at the point or place of

export when the subject goods are exported

under bond.

进口证书。(免税)进口证书，是由进口国领事官员在出口

国产地，货物监管出口时签发的证书

Landing gear Landing Gear, A support fixed on the front part of

a chassis (which is retractable); used to support

the front end of a chassis when the tractor has

been removed.

(集装箱)拖架前支撑脚，固定在拖架前部（可收回的）支

撑脚，用于在拖车离开时支撑拖架。

Lashing Refers to: Support for cargoes inside a container

or a cargo hold to ensure that they are secured

and will not be subject to rolling during the

voyage from origin to destination

捆扎，加固。指：对集装箱内或船舱内的货物（进行）支

撑（捆扎），确保在从起运地到目的地的航程（运程）中

不会滚动，安全完好

Late-Come Late-Come, It is a term used in the liner industry

when extensions are being given to the shippers

against the official CY or CFS Closing date and

time which carriers publish to the trade.

同意推迟装船（通知），同意推迟进场，是班轮行业在同

意发货人晚于集装箱码头或堆场截止（进场）日和承运人

公布的截载日期货物进场（装船）的术语

Latitude The distance north or south of the equator

measured and expressed in degrees.

纬度，北距或南距赤道的距离，用度数表示

Layday/cancelling date First layday last cancelling date (LAYCAN)

船舶受载期与解约日

Laytime Time at Charterers disposal for purpose of

loading/discharging.

装/卸时间（装卸作业时间），由租船人掌握（船东、承运

人同意的）装/卸时间。

Lead time The total time that elapses between an order’s

placement and its receipt. It includes the time

required for order transmittal, order processing,

order preparation and transit

(生产) 订单时间。从订单下达到收到订单货物的总时间，

包括订单传递、订单处理、订单准备(生产)和运输时Leeward The direction away from the wind. Opposite of

windward.

逆风方向，反风向。逆风方向(航行)，逆风航行Leeway The sideways movement of the ship caused by

either wind or current

偏向，偏向航行。由于风或洋流造成的偏航

Less than a full container load ＝less than container load

LCL. A general reference for identifying cargo in

any quantity intended for carriage in a container,

where the Carrier is responsible for packing

and/or unpacking the container. For operational

purposes a LCL container is considered a

container in which multiple consign.

集装箱拼箱（货）。LCL货是欲以任意数量装集装箱运输

货物的区别性统称，LCL货的承运人负责装箱和/或拆箱。

为了操作（方便）LCL的多票托运货物作为一个整集装箱

货物委托运输

Less-than-carload(lot) ＝LTL: less than truck load

零担货，低于车辆运载量的货物

Letter of credit L/C. A written undertaking by a bank (issuing

bank) given to the seller (beneficiary) at the

request, and on the instructions of the buyer

(applicant) to pay at sight or at a determinable

future date up to a stated sum of money, within a

prescribed time limit and against stipulated

documents.

信用证，信用状。信用证是应要求，按买方（申请人）指

示由一家银行（开证行）开给卖方（受益人），保证见票

或在将来规定的日期，按规定期限凭规定单据支付规定金

额款项的书面保证

Letter of indemnity Letter of Indemmity, Document in which one

Party undertakes to compensate and protect

another from liability for the performance and for

the costs and consequences of carrying out a

certain act. The issue of a letter of indemnity is

sometimes used in order to allow consignee to

take delivery of goods without surrendering

Original Bill of Lading which has been delayed or

become lost.

保函，认赔书，赔偿保证书。保函，是一方（当事人）向

另一方（当事人）就执行某一行为（可能产生）的责任、

损失和结果保证承担赔偿和保护责任的文件。由于提单迟

到或丢失，这种保函有时用于收货人无正本提单提货Licenses Some government require certain commodities to

be licensed prior to exportation or importation.

Clauses attesting to compliance are often

required on the B/L

执照，许可证。一些国家要求某些货物必须在进/出口前

申请许可。（有些）提单背面条款也有要求注明（注明是

许可证下的进出口货物）。

Lien Lien is a legal claim upon goods or other property

for the satisfaction of some debt or duty.

留置（货物或财产，如船舶）。留置是（法律允许的合同

一方对另一方）对货物或其他财产的债务或义务索赔的行

为

LIFO. Transport condition denoting that the freight rate

is inclusive of the sea carriage and the cost of

loading, the latter as per the custom of the port.

It excludes the cost of discharging.

LIFO是一种表明包含了装货费用的海运运费条件（条款），

装货费是根据港口习惯（计算），运费中不包含卸货费用。

Lighter An open or covered barge towed by a tugboat and

used mainly in harbors and inland waterways to

carry cargo to/from alongside a vessel.

驳船。一种由拖轮拖带，主要用于港内和内河航道，从（大

型、远洋）船舶边运/送货物的驳船

Lighter aboard ship A specially constructed vessel equipped with an

overhead crane for lifting specially designed

barges and stowing them into cellular slots in an

athwrtship position.

载驳母船，驳船运输船，子母船。载驳母船，一种配备了

把特别设计的驳船装入子母船栅隔起重设备的特种船舶Lighterage Refers to the carriage of cargoes by lighter and

the charge assessed therefore.

驳运费。指驳船运输费用和由此产生的其他费用Lightening Lightening refers to: A vessel discharges part of

its cargo at anchor into a lighter to reduce the

vessel’s draft so it can then get alongside a pier.

减载，是指：船舶将它的部分货物在锚地卸入驳船以减少

吃水，使船舶能靠泊（卸货）

Line-haul Transportation from one city to another as

differentiated from local switching service

班车运输。有别于本地运输的，从一个城市到另一个城

市的运输

Liner Vessel/Aircraft plying a regular trade/defined

route against a published sailing schedule.

班机，班船/轮。班轮/班机，按发布的航行时间表执行定

期、定点的贸易航线的船舶/飞机

Liner Service Vessels operating on fixed itineraries or regular

schedules and established rates available to all

shippers. The freight rates which are charged are

based on the shipping company’s tariff or if the

company is a member of a liner conference, the

tariff of that conference

班轮服务，班轮航线/运输。在固定的航线或常规的班期内

经营船舶，制定供所有发货人使用的运费率的运输服务形

式。运费收取根据班轮公司的费率表或者是－如果班轮

公司是班轮公会会员－班轮公会的费

Liquidated damages Liquidated Damages, The penalty a seller must

pay if the construction project does not meet

contractual standards or deadlines.

违约赔偿，损害赔偿。卖方必须承担因建造项目未能按合

同标准或时限要求完成的处罚。

Lloyd’s registry An organization maintained for the surveying and

classing of ships so that insurance underwriters

and others may know the quality and condition of

the vessels offered for insurance or employment

劳埃德船级社进行船舶检验和定级的组织，（过他们的检

验）以便船舶的（保险）承保人或其它租（雇）用人能了

解船舶的质量和状况。

Load factor Percentage of loaded cargo (or container) or

passengers against total capacity of vessel

(container) or allocation. e.g. 4,000 tons

carried on a vessel of 10,000 capacity has a load

factor of 40%

装载比率，船舶装载货物(集装箱)或乘客占船舶总装载

能力或舱位的百分比。例如：1万吨装载能力的船舶装

载了4千吨的货物，其装载比率是40％。

Load ratio The ratio of loaded miles to empty miles.

重载率，装运比率。重载航程与空载航程的比率Loadready ready for loading, ready to load

已备妥，可装货；货已备妥，可装货

Local cargo Cargo delivered to/from the carrier where

origin/destination of the cargo is in the local area.

当地货物，在当地交接的货物。承运人在起运地/目的地

当地交付或接收的货物

Locking bar Locking Bar is a device that secures container

doors at top and bottom.

(集装箱门)锁扣，是设在集装箱门顶部和底部保护（集装

箱门的）装置

Log Book (or engine log) A record of courses or operation. Also, a device

to measure speed

航海日志（机舱日志）。海上航行和操作的记录，也是

航程的记录

Longitude Longitude, The distance in degrees east or west

of the meridian at Greenwich, England

经度，以度数表示东或西距格林威治子午线的距离Longshoreman Workers employed in the terminals or quays to

load and unload ships. They are also known as

“Stevedores”. 装卸工人，码头工人。被雇用在码头或

货场装卸船舶的工人，也称“Stevedores”

Loop A particular service of any Consortium or Carrier

among various ports of calls, with the objective of

creating a niche in the market for the first port of

discharge.

航线（回路、圈）。运输联盟或承运人在众多挂靠港中的

特殊运输航线，以在（航运）市场上挣得首挂港地位（即

具竞争优势的航行顺序安排）

Low-Bed (also: Low-Boy) A trailor or semi-trailer with no sides and with the

floor of the unit close to the ground.

低平板（拖）车。一种没有围板、车底板接近地面的拖

车或拖架

Lumpsum Freight Money paid to Carrier for a charter of a ship (or

portion) up to stated limit irrespectice of quantity

of cargo

包干运费，包运费。为租用船舶（或部分舱位）按规定的

标准付给承运人的运费，它不关货物量（的多少）

M

Malpractice Malpractice, A carrier giving a customer illegal

preference to attract cargo. This can take the

form of a money refund (rebate);using lower

figures than actual for the assessment of

freight charges (undercubing); misdeclaration

of the commodity shipped to allow the

assessment of a lower tariff rate; waiving

published tariff charges for demurrage, CFS

handling or equalization; providing specialized

equipment to a shipper to the detriment of

other shippers, etc.

（承运人）违规揽货行为。违规揽货（载），承运人以给

予客户非法的优惠揽取货物（货载）的行为。可用金钱

回扣；低估（报）运（输）费；瞒报货类以降低运价等

级；不计滞期费、CFS操作费或修箱费；为发货人提

供特殊箱源以破坏其他发货人（的利益），等等。Manifest Manifest, a document that lists in detail all the

bills of lading issued by a carrier or its agent or

master for special voyage, i.e., a detailed

summary of the total cargoes or containers

loaded in a vessel. Used principally for customs

purposes. It is also called summary of Bill of

Lading

舱单，列名了由承运人或其代理或船长为特定航次签发

的提单项下（货物等）的详细情况的单据，例如：船上

装载的货物或集装箱的详细情况。主要用于通关。它也

被称为：提单摘要

Marine insurance Marine Insurance, Broadly, insurance covering

loss or damage of goods at sea. Marine insurance

typically compensates the owner of merchandise

for losses sustained from fire, shipwreck, piracy

and various other causes but excludes losses that

can be legally recovered.

水险，海上保险。海上保险，广泛地承保了海上货物运输

的灭失或残损（风险）。海上保险（水险）主要补偿货主

在火灾、（船舶）海难、海盗和其他多种类似地损失，但

不包括那些可以合法取得补偿的部分（由船方责任引起并

由船东赔付的部分）

Maritime Maritime, Business pertaining to commerce or

navigation transacted upon the sea or in

seaports in such matters as the court of

admiralty has jurisdiction over.

海运的，海上的，海事的交易行为。海事，由海事法院

裁决的海上或海港海上的贸易或航海行为

Mark Mark, Letters, numbers, and others symbols

placed on cargo packages to facilitate

indentification.

标记，商标，唛头。为了便于区分（区别）货物，货物

（表面上）标记、文字、数字和其他符号

Marks and numbers Marks and Numbers placed on packages for export

for identification purpose; generally a triangle,

square, circle, diamond, or cross with letter and/or

numbers and port discharge. They are of important

use before containerization.

标记和数字，唛头。为了辨别将标记和数字置于出口货物的

包装上；（标记）通常是：三角形、正方形、圆形、钻石形

或文字或/和数字和卸货港口名称。他们在集装箱化运输前

非常重

Master lease Master Lease is one form o f a short-term lease,

which refers to the leasing of the containers by

carriers from those leasing companies.

租箱单，租箱证明书。租箱（集装箱）单是一种简式条款

的租箱单，它表明承运人向租箱公司租借集装箱Master Lease Leasing Cost

Master lease leasing cost includes container rental,

depot lift-on/lift-off charge, on/off hire drayage,

drop-off charge and offhire repair cost, etc. Due to

off-hire quota limitation, the average on-hire period

is around 73 days for 20’GP, 40’GP and 102 days for

40’HQ.

租箱费用，租箱成本。租箱费用包括：集装箱租赁费、堆场

集装箱吊上/吊下费、起租/停租（提/还箱）拖运费、还箱

和修箱费等。根据还箱的期限，租箱期平均是：20’/40’普

通箱约73天，40’HQ箱约102天

Mate’s receipt Mate’s receipt is a document signed by the chief

officer of a vessel acknowledging the receipt of a

certain consignment on board of that vessel. On

this document, remarks can be made as to the

order and condition of the consignment.

大副收据，是由大副签发的承认托运的货物已装上其船舶的

文件。根据（已装船）货物的（外包装）情况（大副）可以

在大副收据上进行批注

Maximum Payload Maximum Payload is maximum cargo that can be

loaded into a container either by weight or volume.

集装箱最大装载量，是能装入集装箱的货物量，重量或数量Maximum rate Maximum rate is the highest freight rate permitted

by a regulatory body to apply between points

最高运费率，是经定价人(承运人或运价公会)许可的航点

间可适用的最高运费率

MAYDAY Help me, a spoken distress signal sent by radio

telephone 无线电话遇难呼救国际统一用语Measurement Cargo Freight on which transportation charges are

calculated on the basis of volume measurement

尺码货物，轻泡货。运费是以货物的尺码/体积数量为基础

计算的货物

Memorandum bill of lading Memorandum Bill of Lading is an in-house bill of

lading. A duplicate copy. 副本提单，备忘提单。

备忘提单是一种提单副本，副本提单。Merchanically Ventilated Container

A container fitted with a means of forced air

ventilation

强制通风集装箱。一种装有强制通风设备的集装箱Merchant haulage Merchant Haulage, Inland transport of cargo in

shipping containers arranged by the Merchant. It

includes empty container-removes to and from

hand-over points in respect of container released

by the Carrier to Merchants.

(集装箱) 货方接运。货方接运，是指由贸易人（货方）

安排内陆集装箱(货物的)运输，包括从承运人放给货方

集装箱的地点提取和送还空集装箱的运输。

Note: Carrier’s responsibility under the Bill of

Lading does not include the inland transport

stretch under Merchant Haulage.

注：在“货方接运”的条件下，承运人提单项下没有包

含内陆延伸运输责任

Microbridge Microbridge, A landbridge movement in which

cargo originating/destined to an inland point is

railed or trucked to/from the water port for a

shipment to/from a foreign country. The carrier

is responsible for cargo and costs from origin to

destination. Also known as I.P.I. or Through

Service.

小陆桥运输，是从或往内陆点用火车或汽车往或从海港发

运或运送进出口国外的货物运输的通道。（小陆桥）承运

人负责货物全程的安全和费用。也称为：I.P.I.(interior

point intermodel 内陆目的地联运) 或联运（服务）Mini-bridge Mini-Bridge refers to Cargo moving from/to an

inland destination on one bill of lading from/to a

foreign port through two U.S. ports

微型陆桥运输。微型陆桥运输是指：将（美国）出口国外

的货物从提单上的内陆点通过美国两个港口运往国外；将

国外进口的货物通过美国的两个港口运达提单上的内陆地

点。

Mini Land bridge Mini landbridge is an intermodal system for

transporting containers from/to a foreign country

by water to/from a ocean port other than the arrival

port by rail at through rates and documents.

小陆桥运输(自一港到另一港的内陆通道)。小陆桥运输是

用联运费率和联运单证(从内陆或去内陆点)通过内运水路

经远洋大港，而不是铁路能到达的港口，运送或接运集装

箱去或从国外运进集装箱的联运体系

Minimum bill of lading A clause in a Bill of Lading which specifies the

least charge that the carrier will make for issuing

a lading. The charge may be a definite sum or the

current charge per ton for any specified quantity

最低收费提单、最低签(发提)单收费条款。提单上表明承

运人签发提单最低收费标准的条款。提单费用可以是一个

固定的金额或任何规定数量货物按吨计算出的现金数额Minimum charge Minimum Charge, the lowest charge that can be

assessed to transport a shipment.

最低收费是运输一票货物最低的运费估价

Mixed container load A container load of different articles in a single

consignment

混装集装箱，是指装有单票托运多种货物的集装箱Montreal Convention Port. No.4 (1975)

Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules

relating to International Carriage by Air (1999)

《1975年蒙特利尔4号议定书》统一国际航空运输某些

规则的公约（1999）

Protocol to amend the Convention for the

Unification of certain Rules relating to

International Carriage by Air signed at Warsaw on

12 October 1929 as amended by The protocol

done at the Hague on 28 September 1955

修改经1955年9月28日海牙议定书修订的1929年

10月12日在华沙签署《统一国际航空运输某些规则的公

约》的议定书

Mooring Mooring, An arrangement for securing a ship to a

mooring buoy or pier

（船舶）系缆。系缆是一种保证船舶靠系在浮筒或码头的动作Multi tank container Multi tank container is a container frame fitted to

accommodate two or more separate tanks for

liquids 多用途罐式集装箱是一种装置有两个以上舱

隔，供装运液体的集装箱

N

Nautical Mile Distance of one minute of longitude at the equator,

approximately the metric equivalent is 1852.

海里，赤道一分经度的距离，约1852公尺（米）Navigation(al) Navigation, The art and science of conducting a

ship safely from one point to another.

航海，操纵船舶从一个地方到另一个地方的科学和技术Negotiating bank Negotiating Bank, is a bank named in the credit;

examines the documents and certifies to the

issuing bank that the terms are complied with.

议付（银）行。议付行是（因信誉）被指定的银行，负

责为开证（银）行检查和证明（信用证的）条款已被执

行(并按开证行的委托对发货人进行议付货款) Negotiable bill of lading Negotiable Bill of Lading, Original bill of lading

endorsed by shipper that is used for negotiating

with banks.

正本提单，议付提单。议付提单是经发货人背书后用于

向银行议付（货款）的提单

Negotiable instruments Negotiable Instruments, a document of title

(such as a draft, promissory note, check, or bill

of lading) transferable from one person to

another in good faith for a consideration.

Non-negotiable bills of lading are known as

“straight consignment”. Negotiable bills are

known as “order bill of ladings”

可流通票据，可转让票据。可流通票据，一种基于良好

信誉从一个人转移到另一个人的物权文件（诸如：汇票、

本票、支票或提单）。不可议付提单又称：直放提单。

议付提单被称为：指示提单

Nesting Nesting, Implies that cargo is presented stacked in

the contour of similarly shaped cargo, it may be

likened to a stack of plates. This is particularly

relevant in the presentation of tankage strakes for

transport。

套装运输，意味货物被整形成同等规格的形状，如被托盘

化。罐装（桶装）运输是明显的相关例证

(Nested, Articles packed so that one rests partially

or entirely within another, thereby reducing the

cubic-meter displacement. 货物被全部或部分装入另

一容器中，从而降低（货物）占用的空间)

Net tare weight Net tare weight is the weight of an empty

cargo-carrying piece of equipment plus any

fixtures permanently attached

净皮重，净运具重。净运具重是空的运输工具加上其上

面固定的装置的重量

Net tonnage A vessel’s gross tonnage minus deductions of

space occupied by accommodation for crew, by

machinery, for navigation, by the engine room

and fuel. A vessel’s net tonnage express the

space available for passengers and cargoes

净吨。船舶总吨减去船员生活舱间、机械舱室、驾驶室操

纵空间，轮机舱和燃油舱的（排水）吨数。船舶净吨表示

可用于运客和货物的空间（排水）

Net weight Weight of the goods alone without any

immediate wrappings, e.g., the weight of the

contents of a tin can without the weight of the

can. 净重。不含包装物的货物单独重量，例如：不含

罐头壳重量的罐头物的重量

Neutral body An organization established by the members of an

ocean conference acts as a self-policing force

with broad authority to investigate tariff

violations, including authority to scrutinize all

documents kept by the carriers and their

personnel. Violations are reported to the

membership and significant penalties are

assessed.

(航运公会)监察会。由航运公会成员组成，有广泛授权，

包括检查承运人公司和职员文件的授权，调查运费违规

（行为）的业内强制监察机构。（运费）违规（行为）上

报给航运公会并就重大处罚进行评估。

No-show No-show means cargo which has been booked but

does not arrive in time to be loaded before the

vessel sails.

未能装船货物，短装货物。短装货物是已订舱但未能按时

在船舶开航前到达（码头）装船的货物

Non-dumping certificate Non-dumping certificate require by some

countries for protection against the dumping of

certain types of merchandise or products.

非倾销证书，是有些国家为了保护某些商品或产品不受

倾销的影响而要求的证书

Non-negotiable bill of lading

Non-negotiable bill of lading is copy of original

bill of lading which cannot be negotiated with

banks.

不可转让提单，副本提单。副本提单是正本提单的附件，

不能到银行议付。

Non-reversible （滞期）不可逆转、不能抵消(一旦滞期永远滞期)

（Dentention or Demurrage）. If loading

completed sooner than expected, then saved

days will not be added to discharge time allowed

（滞留损失或滞期费），如果装货比预期提早完成，节省的

天数不计入规定的卸货时间

Non-vessel Owning/Operating Common Carrier

(Non-vessel operating common carrier)

无船（公共）承运人

(a) A cargo consolidator of small shipments in ocean trade,

generally soliciting business and arranging for or

performing containerization functions at the port.

远洋贸易中小批量货物的集运业者，通常在港口承揽业务并安排

集装箱化运输

（b）A carrier issuing bill of lading for carriage of goods on

vessel which he neither owns nor operates.

对船运货物签发提单，但他即没有船舶也不经营船舶的承运人

(c) The company or person who will buy space from a

carrier and sub sell it to smaller shippers. The NVOCC

issues bill of lading, publishes tariffs and otherwise

conducts itself as an ocean common carrier, except that

it will not provide the actual ocean or intermodal

service.

公司或个人向乘运人购买舱位然后卖给小的发货人。无船承运人

签发提单、发布运价并自己象一个远洋运输公共承运人一样地行

事，但他不会提供实际上的航运和多式联运服务NORGRAIN North grain charter party 北方粮食租船合同

Nose front of a container or trailer-opposite tail.

集装箱或拖车的前部（首部），于尾部相反

Notify party Notify Party is the party to be notified of arrival of

goods 通知方，通知（接受）人。通知方是被通知货

物到达的方面

蜀闽肖