考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(8)
[实用参考]历年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析汇总【共10套】
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历年考研英语真题阅读理解试题及名师解析(1-10)汇总AhistorPoflongandeffortlesssuccesscanbeadreadfulhandicap,but,ifprope rlPhandled,itmaPbecomeadrivingforce.WhentheUnitedStatesenteredjust suchaglowingperiodaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,ithadamarketeig httimeslargerthananPcompetitor,givingitsindustriesunparalleledeconomi esofscale.Itsscientistsweretheworld'sbest,itsworkersthemostskilled.Ameri caandAmericanswereprosperousbePondthedreamsoftheEuropeansandA sianswhoseeconomiesthewarhaddestroPed.ItwasinevitablethatthisprimacPshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgre wricher.JustasinevitablP,theretreatfrompredominanceprovedpainful.BPth emid-1980sAmericanshadfoundthemselvesatalossovertheirfadingindust rialcompetitiveness.SomehugeAmericanindustries,suchasconsumerelect ronics,hadshrunkorvanishedinthefaceofforeigncompetition.BP1987there wasonlPoneAmericantelevisionmakerleft,Zenith.(Nowthereisnone:Zenith wasboughtbPSouthKorea'sLGElectronicsinJulP。
考研英语(写作)模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（写作）模拟试卷8(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. describe the drawing briefly, 2. explain its intended meaning, and then 3. state your point of view. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)正确答案：Where there is faith, there is a way. Just as the picture depicts, the height of your life is based on the faith you possess. As man’s specific mental outlook, faith is a significant ideological pillar of life and social development. One with belief can brave any storm and achieve great success. Take Columbus for example. He had great enthusiasm for the sea at an early age. The faith of navigation, his life pillar, inspired him to soak himself in the research of geography. Everything comes to him who waits. After myriad toil and misery, he discovered the American continent in 1492, which opened a new chapter for international navigation history. I firmly believe that any person who wants to reach the summit of life should learn from Columbus; set up a lofty faith and stand up to life’s severe storms. Spring is so brilliant due to unswerving faith in blooming of each flower; forest is so verdant due to faith in approaching sky of each tree. Although the length of life can’t be decided by us, we can still determine the height of life, because it depends on the faith we possess. When we have nowhere else to go, we still have an option for our life attitude, which can help us open up a new world. 涉及知识点：短文写作2．Write an essay of 160 -200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1. describe the drawing briefly, 2. explain its intended meaning, and then 3. give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)正确答案：As is drawn in the picture, in an airport lounge, a passenger is putting his feet up on the back of two other passengers’seat,which astonishes the latter. What a disgusting yet familiar scene it is! This picture is a criticism of some people’s uncivilized behaviors. These behaviors are not rare in today’s society, such as making a terrible racket in public places, scrawling their names on tourist sites, ignoring red lights when crossing the road and spitting everywhere. These inappropriate public behaviors have largely negatively affected countrymen’s image. Why do these inappropriate etiquette problems occur in our great nation? One plausible reason is that social morality education and resources are absent. Another important reason is that the consciousness of the public becomes indifferent. Facing these misdeeds, we should build the correct civilized consciousness, being the civilized person and doing the civilized matter. First of all, the government should enforce measures to ensure that holidaymakers do not get out of control. Apart from that, it is absolutely necessary for citizens to increase awareness of behaving themselves well in public. Only then will a beautiful and harmonious society be created. 涉及知识点：短文写作3．Write an essay of 160 -200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1. describe the drawing briefly, 2. explain its intended meaning, and then 3. give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)正确答案： A couple of the old men, sitting around a big fish tank, are fishing silently. After passing a long time, the elderly cannot help but sigh with feeling that why the fish become less and less? This picture expresses deep concern that China’s public pension may be in debt, thus resulting in retirees cannot survive. With China entering the ageing society, China is beginning to face up to its pension problems. Gallup, a market-research firm, predicts that the number of Chinese aged 60 or more is projected to grow almost one-tenth of the nation’s total. And only about 10 working-age Chinese will support every person in retirement. The number of the elderly grows annually, while the number of the youth falls annually. Therefore, the pension cannot make ends meet, yet new funds are hard to be injected in time. If the situation goes on like this, the pension in the red can hardly be avoided. In addition, the whole social security is flawed, which fans the fire for pension shortfall. The policy of raising the retirement age government issued, obviously, is to ease the pressure of pension payments brought by pension deficiency. At the same time, we should give full play to the market mechanism, meeting the demand of multilevel and diversified pension services. 涉及知识点：短文写作4．Write an essay of 160 - 200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1. describe the drawing briefly, 2. interpret its intended meaning, and 3. give your comments. You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)正确答案：As is portrayed in this picture, somebody is beaten up by three guys near a middle school for which a boy is urgently seeking help from three other students, who, however, turn a blind eye to what is happening. This drawing goes straight to the core problem of the current society; bystander phenomenon. Over the years, a few incidents concerning bystander apathy, such as doing nothing at the accident site and refusing to help the elderly, have given rise to an extensive attention in the whole society, which shame our country highly praising the traditional virtue that when trouble occurs, help comes from all sides. To trace the origin of such unconcerned behaviors, there are several reasons as follows. For one thing, it is primarily because there is a lack of trust among people. The reality that many people who helped others were charged wrongly leads to decreased mutual trust. For another, people is breaking away from the norm, becoming more focused on the individual self. They tend to be insensitive to others’difficulties and more inclined to think about themselves instead. Anyhow, nobody can live alone in the world, and we need each other’s care and support from time to time. Therefore, when meeting a strange help-seeker, we should still offer what we can to help them while avoiding beingframed. 涉及知识点：短文写作5．Write an essay of 160 -200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1. describe the drawing briefly, 2. explain its intended meaning, and then 3. give your comments. You should write neady on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)正确答案：Nowadays, a series of vicious attacks on medical staff have placed the doctor-patient relationship into a focus of discussions. As is shown in the picture, an irritated patient is to punch a doctor, who is trembling all over with fear. With medical disputes recurring, “angels in white” are gradually reduced to “wounded angels”. A recent survey indicates that in roughly 73. 33% of hospitals exists the phenomenon that patients and their families beat up, menace and verbally abuse medical workers. To trace the origin of this phenomenon, lack of confidence between both parties is the root of such disputes. Patients always keep suspicious of the doctors’skills and medication, and meanwhile doctors, with certain trepidation in patients, adopt conservative treatment as far as possible. In addition , we must admit that the reform of our health care system is not mature. In the market-directed economy, our health care system impels hospitals to get increasingly commercialized, which definitely violates the public welfare of medical industry and impairs the patient interests. To sum up, doctor-patient disputes shall be settled through the joint efforts of government, hospitals and patients. I’m convinced that by improving the system, reinforcing the professional skills and ethics as well as enhancing the communications between both parties, the doctor-patient relationship would become more and more harmonious. 涉及知识点：短文写作。
考研英语(阅读)模拟试卷88(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷88(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.25 bag of French fries costs $1 to produce. The potatoes, oil and salt account for only 20 cents of the cost. The other 80 cents goes toward all the other expenses. If you add half again as many French fries to the bag and sell it for $1.50, the non-food expenses stay pretty much constant, while the extra food costs the franchise only 10 more pennies. The fast-food joint makes an extra 15 cents in pure profit, and the customer thinks he’s getting a good deal.6．What started the move towards supersizing in the fast food industry?A．After inducing people to overeat.B．The rise of the “heavy users”.C．Studies identifying the heavy user.D．When price slashing occurred.正确答案：C解析：属信息归纳题。
根据二、三两段信息，快餐业走向超大型号发端于最初他们意识到自己依赖于“大主顾”，而后进一步吸引主顾，降价，从而导致走向超大型号，可见C项为开端，而D项为中间阶段。
知识模块：阅读7．The term “heavy user” used in the text refers mainly to______.A．overweight eatersB．people who are willing to spend the most money on fast foodC．people who frequently ate at a fast food restaurantD．people who would order larger orders at a time正确答案：C解析：属概念理解题。
2022年考研英语模拟试题阅读理解八
2022年考研英语模拟试题阅读理解八八、现代人对维多利亚时代的看法One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of Victorian as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been made fashionable by Lytton Strachey with his clever, superficial and ultimately empty book Eminent Victorians, in which he damned with faint praise such Victorian heroes as General Gordon and Florence Nightingale. Stracheys demolition job was clever because it ridiculed the Victorians for exactly those qualities on which they prided themselvestheir high mindedness, their marked moral intensity, their desire to improve the human condition and their confidence that they had done so.Yet one saw, even before the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria this year, that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something heroic about that epoch and, perhaps, to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country.Now a new book, What The Victorians Did For Us, aims further to redress the balance and remind us that, in mostessentials, our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians created. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine, anaesthesia allowed surgeons much greater time in which to operateand hence to work on the inner organs of the bodynot to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients.To the Victorians we also owe lawn tennis, a nationwide football association under the modern rules, powered funfair rides, and theatres offering mass entertainment. And, of course, the modern seaside is almost entirely a Victorian invention. There is, of course, a darker side to the Victorian period. Everyone knows about it mostly because the Victorians catalogued it themselves. Henry Mayhews wonderful set of volumes on the lives of the London poor, and official reports on prostitution, on the workhouses and on child labourreports and their statistics that were used by Marx when he wrote Das Kapitaltestify to the social conscience that was at the center of Victorian values.But now, surely, we can appreciate the Victorianachievement for what it wasthe creation of the modern world. And when we compare the age of Tennyson and Darwin, of John Henry Newman and Carlyle, with our own, the only sensible reaction is one of humility: We are our fathers shadows cast at noon.1.According to the author, Lytton Stracheys book Eminent Victorians _____.[A] accurately described the qualities of the people of the age[B] superficially praised the heroic deeds of the Victorians[C] was highly critical of the contemporary people and institutions[D] was guilty of spreading prejudices against the Victorians2. The change in the attidues towards the Vcitorians is revealed in the fact that _____.八、现代人对维多利亚时代的看法One of the silliest things in our recent history was the use of Victorian as a term of contempt or abuse. It had been made fashionable by Lytton Strachey with his clever, superficial and ultimately empty book Eminent Victorians, in which he damnedwith faint praise such Victorian heroes as General Gordon and Florence Nightingale. Stracheys demolition job was clever because it ridiculed the Victorians for exactly those qualities on which they prided themselvestheir high mindedness, their marked moral intensity, their desire to improve the human condition and their confidence that they had done so.Yet one saw, even before the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria this year, that there were signs these sneering attitudes were beginning to change. Programmes on radio and television about Victoria and the age that was named after her managed to humble themselves only about half the time. People were beginning to realize that there was something heroic about that epoch and, perhaps, to fear that the Victorian age was the last age of greatness for this country.Now a new book, What The Victorians Did For Us, aims further to redress the balance and remind us that, in most essentials, our own age is really an extension of what the Victorians created. You can start with the list of Victorian inventions. They were great lovers of gadgets from the smallest domestic ones to new ways of propelling ships throughout the far-flung Empire. In medicine, anaesthesia allowed surgeons much greater time in which to operateand hence to work on theinner organs of the bodynot to mention reducing the level of pain and fear of patients.[A] the 100th anniversary of the death of Queen Victoria is celebrated[B] the media publicizes events or people about the Victorian age[C] people begin to highly praise Victorian heroes[D] a new book regards Victorians as creators of the modern world3. What is the meaning of the word gadgets ?[A] devices [B] tools [C] appliances [D] engines4. According to the text, the Victorians invented _____.[A] surgery [B] seaside holiday [C] funfair [D] mass entertainment5. The author talks about the darker side of the Victorian period to _____.[A] disclose the social injustices and evils[B] give proof to Karl Marxs Das Kapital[C] manifest the Victorians good sense of right and wrong[D] show the ages strengths outweigh its weaknesses答案:1.D 2.D 3.A 4.B 5.C。
考研英语阅读理解答案试题解析
____年答案试题解析——阅读理解Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.考点分析（the most）本句的意思是"过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落".①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews.③ To read such books today is to marvel at t he fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.考点分析①to the point of "到...地步" ②转折常考，出21题。
研究生英语阅读Unit8课后答案
Unit 8Transportation and City LifeLearning ObjectivesPart I Warm-up ActivitiesA Directions:The following are four pictures of the traffic regulations and theirmeaning. Match each picture with its corresponding meaning.(1) -- C (2) -- D(3) -- B (4) -- AA. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by opening the door without noticing the rear vehicle.B. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the collision because he violates thetraffic regulation by overtaking the car from the right on a one-way traffic road. C. The driver of lorry A needs to be responsible for the accident because he violatesthe traffic regulation by carrying goods with overlength.D. The driver of car A needs to be responsible for the crash because he violates the traffic regulation by not avoiding the front turning vehicle.B Directions:The following are different means of transportation. Join a partnerand discuss the following questions:bike taxi train bus subway plane light rail car1. Which means of transportation do you usually take when you go downtown?2. Which do you take when you go traveling? And why?3. Talk about the advantages and disadvantages of a certain means of transportationyou take.Useful Words and Expressionstraffic regulation 交通规则pedestrian 行人guide post 路标subway 地铁traffic light 红绿灯give way 让路police box 岗亭commute 通勤single line 单行线ambulance 救护车double yellow lines 双黄线drunk driving 醉酒驾车zebra stripes 斑马线exceed the speed limit超速cross road十字路safety island安全岛no entry 不准进入sidewalk 人行道no turns 不准掉头carriage way 车行道drive on to the pavement 冲上人行道ill informed 消息闭塞head-on collision 迎面相撞lack of cultural activities 缺乏文化生活a chain collision 连环撞convenient traffic 便捷的交通driving without license 无证驾驶public transportation system公共交通系统Part II Listening1.HK airportRead the new words below before listening.Directions:Listen to a dialogue about HK airport. Fill in the information that isTapescriptRob: Hello, I‘m Rob and with me today is Rosie.Rosie: Hi there.Rob: Hi, Rosie. Now i n our programme today we‘re talking about airports. They are sort of a departure point for great adventures and they are amazing crossroads for people travelling across the world.Rosie: But why are we talking about them today?Rob: Well, airport expansion has been in the news and particularly plans to expand Hong Kong International airport which could turn into the World‘s biggest. Rosie: The airport was only opened in 1998 and was built on an island made by land reclamation. The airport is seen as a major contributor to the Hong Kong economy.Rob: That‘s right. Let‘s hear from BBC correspondent Juliana Liu about the airport‘s importance. (Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)Hong Kong’s airport is one of the busiest in the world, transporting fifty f our million passengers a year and more cargo than anywhere else. And because it’s so close to the booming provinces of southern China, those traffic figures are only expected to go up.Rosie: That‘s why the government wants to make an enormous expansion of the airport.Rob: Other countries around the world are also talking about expanding their airports.Rosie: Yes, this is something that is being considered in London. The government is now considering building a new runway at Heathrow or even building a completely new airport altogether, possibly in the middle of the Thames estuary.Rob: But building projects like these are very expensive and they involve making decisions based on predictions for the future.Rosie: Well let‘s hear more from Juliana Liu about what‘s involved with the expanding of the project?(Juliana Liu, BBC correspondent)The project is likely to cost more than 17 billions dollars, much more than the existing airport. It will be an enormous undertaking. Much of the space needed for the runway does not yet exist, so it must be reclaimed from the sea. Rob: M ore than 17 billion dollars! That‘s more than the existing airport cost to build so maybe that gives you the idea of how big it really is going to be.Rosie: A very big commitment. One of the tasks –or jobs – that needs doing is to build more land.Rob: Now a t the moment there isn‘t the space to build a runway so new land must be reclaimed from the sea. They will convert the seabed into land to build on. Rosie: That will be a really big undertaking! But why do they have to do that?Couldn‘t they build it somewhere else, maybe nearer the city centre?Rob: Well, as you know, land is expensive and anyway, airports create noise and pollution which nobody wants near their house. A good compromise – or a fair agreement – is to build them by the sea.Rosie: But even doing that in Hong Kong has raised some concerns for environmentalists –people who care about the environment. There is also concern about pollution which apparently is already what most people complain about in Hong Kong. And the air and noise pollution can certainly affect our health.Rob: Well I think building new airports is always controversial but until we can develop a cleaner form of transport and a quieter one, there will be always be the need for air travel and for airports.2. Cycling in CitiesA Directions:In this section you will hear a report about the cycling life on theslow lane in some European countries. While listening for the first time, write down some key words in the notes column.B Directions：Listen to the report again and answer the following questions.1) Where and when did the low-tech scheme start?It started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.2) Apart from Mexico, what cities have adopted rent-a-bike projects?They are Copenhagen, Paris, Berlin, and London.3) What is the biggest problem for the cycling schemes?theft4) What seems to be more secure than portable lock?the mandatory use of docking stations5) What are the two best solutions mentioned for urban cycling?One is cycle lanes; the other is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined.TapescriptCycling in citiesShifting up a gearRent-a-bike projects are cropping up in unlikely placesTHIN air, thick smog and bad drivers make Mexico City hard going for cyclists. But a new fleet of 1,200 smart red ―Ecobici‖ pay-as-you-go rental bikes, at 85 docking stations, marks the most ambitious recent addition to a global trend of municipally endorsed cycling. Since February 7,000 people have signed up, and between them they have taken more than 200,000 trips.A low-tech scheme started in the French town of La Rochelle in 1974.Copenhagen launched the first big automated project in 1995. German cities, including Berlin, have tried versions paid for by mobile phone. But the most successful is the ―Vélib‖ in Paris, with 20,000 bikes available for users with swipe-cards. In London the transport authority and Barclays Bank will launch a 6,000-bike programme on July 30th. Users can pay at one of the 400 docking stations, or use a key with a chip.The vulnerability for most schemes is theft. Thousands of the Parisian bikes disappeared in the scheme‘s early stages, turning up as far a f ield as Romania and Morocco. Portable locks have proved a weak point: the mandatory use of docking stations is more secure. ―We were expecting people to steal them, but that hasn‘t happened,‖ says Marcelo Ebrard, Mexico City‘s mayor. Only one of the 1,200 bikes in the scheme has gone missing to date.The paradox of urban cycling is that bad traffic is both deterrent and incentive. When demonstrations or traffic-signal failures bring Mexico‘s streets to gridlock, businessmen can be seen strapping their briefcases onto Ecobicis.Cyclists in places like London and Mexico City yearn for proper cycle lanes, of the kind commonplace in countries such as Germany. A second-best solution is the right to ride gently through parks and on pavements without being fined. On that score at least Mexico‘s traffic police, the scourge of motorists, are charm itself.For now, the hope is that new bike-hire schemes help raise cyclists‘ numbers enough to change motorists‘ behaviour—and thus erode the perception of danger that keeps people off their bikes3Social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyof city’s role in global society. Listen and answer the following questions.1) Who have cities attracted since ancient times?They have attracted smart people and enable them to work collaboratively to advance society.2) Why does Glaeser say there is less carbon usage in cities than in countryside?Two reasons for that. One is less driving because of public transportation. The second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.3) What are the vital considerations in urban planning in 21st century?energy, the environment, and the economyB Directions: Listen to the passage again. Complete the summary.Big cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, 1) congested, crime-ridden places. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking 2) the role of the city in global societyIn a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖ Glaeser takes readers a world tour of 3) urban success stories. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create 4) job opportunities and vibrant economies. He also believes concentrating population in a city is better for the environment.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are 5) attractive/fascinating because they make people rich by delivering a path out of poverty to prosperity, offering them a chance to 6) partner with others who have different skills, and offering them 7) access to world markets, access to capital.But not everyone agrees. Architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s 8) quality of life. It could also bring a lot of 9) negative effects from density.Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.TapescriptSocial scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global societyBig cities are vibrant hubs for culture and industry, or dirty, congested, crime-ridden warrens. As the world population passes seven billion, economists, environmentalists and social scientists are rethinking the role of the city in global society.Economist Edward Glaeser believes cities are the best places to live. Since ancient times, he says, cities have attracted smart people and enabled them to work collaboratively to advance society.In a new book, ―Triumph of the City,‖Glaeser takes readers a world tour of urban success stories from Boston and London, to Tokyo, Bangalore and Kinshasa. He explains how cities are places of pleasure and production. Restaurants, supermarkets, theaters and museums create job opportunities and vibrant economies.Even the pockets of poverty that are part of the modern urban landscape, Glaeser says, are signs of the power of cities.―Cities don‘t make people poor, they attract poor people, and they attract poor people by delivering a path out of poverty and to prosperity, a chance to partner with people who have different skills, access to world markets, access to capital that enables poor people, some of them -not all of them - to actually find a way forward.‖Concentrating population in a city, Glaeser says, is better for the environment.―There is significantly less carbon usage in cities. There are two reasons for that, one of which is less driving. They are more likely to use public transportation. And whenthey do drive, they drive shorter distances. And the second is that people in the cities occupy smaller homes than people living in rural areas.‖To multiply that effect, the economist would like to see even more people move to cities, where towering skyscrapers would provide energy-efficient, affordable housing.But architect and urban designer Michael Mehaffy says encouraging high-density living doesn‘t always improve a society‘s quality of life.―There‘s a point where more density doesn‘t really get you very much. I mean they can be very helpful in some circumstances, they can be very destructive in some circumstances. I think we should really focus on what urban living gives to us in the network of relationships, not so much as abstract numbers of density. You know that just makes it absolutely high as possible as much of the tall buildings, because once you do that, you start to kick in lots of negative effects from density.‖Mehaffy—a proponent of compact, walkable, transit-served communities—notes that big city life is not for everyone.21st century cities are being reshaped as energy, the environment and the economy become more vital considerations in urban planning.4. Foggy California City is Tops With TouristsB Directions:Listen to the passage again and decide whether the followingstatements are true or false.1) Each year Los Angeles ranks first or second in the nation in touristvisits. ( F ) 2) Considering so many attractions, it‘s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable andexpensive place to visit. ( T ) 3) San Francisco gets a lot of rain, but its winters are cold and its summers warm.( F ) 4) San Francisco has a fleet of 37 cable cars which are the only ones of their kindremaining in the world. ( T ) 5) T he ―hippie‖ experience of San Francisco‘s 1967 ―Summer of Love‖has quitefar-reaching influence on some American people. ( T ) TapescriptFoggy California City is Tops With TouristsHilly San Francisco is America‘s 13th-largest city. Three other California cities— Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose — are larger. Yet each year, San Francisco ranks first or second in the nation in tourist visits.What‘s the attraction? Why did singer Tony Bennett, in his signature song, leave his heart in San Francisco, rather than, say, Boston or Cincinnati?Perhaps it‘s the setting: shrouded in fog along 40 steep hills, overlooking glistening San Francisco Bay. Many of the densely-packed neighborhoods clinging to these hills are filled with ornate Victorian houses called ―painted ladies.‖ Considering its ocean beaches, bustling commercial waterfront, two of the world‘s most striking bridges, and the largest urban park west of Philadelphia, it’s no wonder San Francisco is a desirable and expensive place to live and a treat to visit.Add in its lively theater scene, the oldest ballet company in the United States, dozens of art galleries, and thousands of fine restaurants, and San Francisco exudes sophistication.The city does get a lot of rain, but its winters are mild and its summers cool. Really cool. In fact, there‘s a de lightful saying —incorrectly credited to humorist Mark Twain —that the natives enjoy: ―The coldest winter I ever spent was a summer in San Francisco.‖Among the city‘s top visitor attractions is Chinatown —the largest Asian community outside Asia. And one of the enduring symbols of San Francisco is its fleet of 37 cable cars —the only ones of their kind remaining in the world.San Francisco‘s hills themselves are tourist attractions —especially a serpentine stretch of Lombard Street that everyone ca lls the ―Crookedest Street in America.‖In the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood, you can still run into people who are trying to recapture the “hippie” experience of San Francisco’s 1967 “Summer of Love.” And in San Francisco Bay, Alcatraz Prison, which once housed the worst of the worst federal prisoners, is open for tours.These unique allurements explain why the American short-story writer O. Henry wrote, ―East is East, and West is San Francisco.‖Part III WatchingDirection: Here is a news report about an urban farmer. Watch the video and answer the questions.1)What kind of produce does the farmer raise?radishes, cucumbers, lettuce2) Does Koiner grow vegetables purely for money? If not, then for what?It keeps him busy just raising all this stuff. He enjoys it.2)How does the daughter enjoy the planting?She could not live any other way.‖AudioscriptIt‘s a typical day in downtown Silver Spring, just outside of Washington, D.C, a few blocks from here– and a world away since Charlie Koiner‘s farm, a collection ofsmall plots.Koiner has raised a wide variety of produce in the lot next to his home since he bought the land 30 years ago. He calls it the best investment he ever made, but not in terms of money.―I have an acre (4,000 square meters) of ground here and that gives me plenty of room and plenty of ground to work,‖ he says. ―So it keeps me busy just raising all this stuff. I enjoy it.‖Born and raised on a family farm that is now a shopping mall in a fast-growing Washington suburb, Koiner has gardened all his life.―That was my grandfather‘s place, and we had some 30 acres (12 hectares) right there, that was all country and everything. And we had horses and cows and chickens and always raised a big garden.‖He takes pride in what he grows in his plots and customers drop by frequently to pick up produce. Many of them are regulars, like Martha Grundmann, who came across Koiner‘s farm by chance seven years ago.―I was driving home and took a shortcut through here,‖ she says, ―and I saw this sign on the corner saying ‗radishes, cucumbers, lettuce,‘ and I said, ‗This is a garden in the middle of Silver Spring?‘―Barbara Stein comes to Koiner‘s every week. ―In the early 80s, my mother and aunt started to go to him. I enjoy talking to him, he is a very sweet man. I love his produce. He has great prices and wonderful stuff. I feel kind of loyal to him.‖ Saturdays are Koiner‘s busiest day, he sells his produce at a nearby farmers‘ market. Koiner says he could not do all the work without his daughter.―I gre w up on a farm with my father. I am the only child. And around the farm I followed my father everywhere,‖ says Lynn Koiner. ―I worked on the farm and it was not because I had to, but I just loved doing it. I am the same as my father, I could not live any o ther way.‖Lynn, now 65, recalls the reactions from developers when her father purchased this piece of land.―As soon as my father bought it they started calling me, asking me what I wanted to do with the land, and I said ‗We are going to farm it.‘Well, you could hear, like, you know, air being sucked out of a room, this gasp of, farm? They could not believe.‖The Koiners say they still don‘t plan on selling.―Over the years I have had a good life, you know what I mean, just working, and I am thankful for that, at my age, to be able to get out here and do what I am doing now. As long as I am able or fit to do it, I like to keep on doing it.‖Part IV Oral PracticeGroup work: A debateDirections: The life in a city and on a farm has its own pros and cons. Some people think rural life is boring and they are attracted by the higher wages, various forms of entertainment and richer cultural activities in downtown. Others, however, think city life is too noisy and they prefer the fresh air, clean water, smooth road and relaxingway of life in the countryside. What’s your opinion about this topic? Share your understanding with your group members, or divide your group into two parties and make a debate. The following are words and expressions that you may use in the debate.Enrichment Reading (略)。
2021考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析
2021考研英语阅读理解精选试题及答案解析Unit1Part ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. （40 points）Text 1 It’s plain common sense — the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain common sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, butprobably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling — happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy, who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions. 1. According to the text, it is true that［A］ unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.［B］ happiness and unhappinessare mutually conditional.［C］unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.［D］ happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.2. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by［A］ maintaining it at an average level.［B］ escaping miserable occurrences in life.［C］ pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.［D］ realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.3. The phrase “To date” (Par.4) can be best replaced by［A］ As a result.［B］ In addition.［C］ At present.［D］ Until now.4. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?［A］ One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.［B］They are independent but existing concurrently［C］ One feels happy by participating in more activities.［D］ They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.5. The sentence “That’s that” (Par. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad［A］ and the situation cannot be altered.［B］ and happiness remains inaccessible.［C］ but they don’t think much about it.［D］ but they remain unconscious of it.Text 2The legal limit for driving after drinking alcohol is 80 milligrams of alcohol in 100 millilitres of blood, when tested. But there is no sure way of telling how much you can drink beforeyou reach this limit. It varies with each person depending on your weight, your sex, if you’ve just eaten and what sort of drinks you’ve had. Some people might reach their limit after only about three standard drinks.In fact, your driving ability can be affected by just one or two drinks. Even if you’re below the legal limit, you could still be taken to court if a police officer thinks your driving has been affected by alcohol.It takes about an hour for the body to get rid of the alcohol in one standard drink. So, if you have a heavy drinking in the evening you might find that your driving ability is still affected the next morning, or you could even find that you’re still over the legal limit. In addition, if you’ve had a few drinks at lunchtime, another one or two drinks in the early evening may well put you over the legal limit.In a test with professional drivers, the more alcoholic drinks they had had, the more certain they were that they could drive a test course through a set of movable posts... and the less able they were to do it!So the only way to be sure you’re safe is not to drink at all.Alcohol is a major cause of road traffic accidents. One in three of the drivers killed in road accidents have levels ofalcohol which are over the legal limit, and road accidents after drinking are the biggest cause of death among young men. More than half of the people stopped by the police to take a breath test have a blood alcohol concentration of more than twice the legal limit.It is important to remember that driving after you’ve been drinking doesn’t just affect you. If you’re involved in an accident it affects a lot of other people as well, not least the person you might kill or injure.6. The amount of alcohol a driver can drink within the legal limit is［A］ about 80mg of pure alcohol.［B］ about three standard drinks.［C］ in proportion to his weight.［D］ varying with different people.7. You might be accused of drunk driving when［A］ you drive upon having some drinks.［B］ you become a helpless alcohol addict.［C］ your driving is found abnormal for drinking.［D］ your alcohol percentage fails the test.8. A test showed that drunken professional drivers could［A］ have greater confidence than sober ones.［B］ move away a set of posts on the test ground.［C］ fail in the test despite their self-affirmation.［D］ serve as alarming examples to potential drivers.9. Alcohol is the major cause of traffic accidents because［A］ more than 30% road casualties are drink drivers.［B］ drinking affects people’s mind and emotion.［C］ about one-third drivers are used to drinking.［D］young drivers are familiar among traffic victims.10. About drink driving, the author warns you of the fact that you［A］ may be taken to court by the police.［B］are putting yourself in danger.［C］ may hurt or kill another driver.［D］ are setting other people at risk.。
2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案(卷八)
2021年考研《英语》模拟试题及答案（卷八）Relativity theory has had a profound influence on our picture of matter by forcing us to modify our concept of a particle in an essential way. (47)In classical physics, the mass of an object had always been associated with an indestructible material substance, with some “stuff”of which all things were thought to be made. Relativity theory showed that mass has nothing to do with any substance, but is a form energy. Energy, however, is a dynamic quantity associated with activity, or with processes.(48)The fact that the mass of a particle is equivalent to a certain of energy means that the particle can no longer be seen as a static object, but has to be conceived as a dynamic pattern, a process involving the energy which manifest itself as the particle’s mass.(49)This new view of particles was initiated by Dirac when he formulated a relativistic equation describing the behavior of electrons. Dirac’s theory was not only extremely successful in accounting for the fine details of atomic structure, but also revealed a fundamental symmetry between matter and anti-matter. It predicted the existence of an anti-matter with the same mass as the electron but with an opposite charge. This positively charged particle, now called the positron, was indeed discovered two years after Dirac had predicted it. The symmetry between matter and anti-matter implies that for every particle there exists an antiparticles with equal mass and opposite charge. Pairs ofparticles and antiparticles can be created if enough energy is available and can be made to turn into pure energy in the reverse process of destruction.(50)These processes of particle creation and destruction had been predicted from Dirac’s theory before they were actually discovered in nature, and since then they have been observed millions of times.The creation of material particles from pure energy is certainly the most spectacular effect of relativity theory, and it can only be understood in terms of the view of particles outlined above.(51)Before relativistic particle physics, the constituents of matter had always been considered as being either elementary units which were indestructible and unchangeable, or as composite objects which could be broken up into their constituent parts; and the basic question was whether one could divide matter again and again, or whether one would finally arrive at some smallest indivisible units.答案47.在古典物理中，某一物体的质量总是与一种不可毁灭的物质相关联。
考研英语模拟试卷88(题后含答案及解析)
考研英语模拟试卷88(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension 3. WritingSection I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)1．Is the United States a melting pot? In other words, have immigrants to the USA merged with the native Americans and (1)_____ to be Germans, Japanese, Poles, Irish, etc? It has been (2)_____ a “pot of stew” might be a more suitable word than “melting pot”, (3)_____ in a stew the meat and vegetables keep their own characteristics, but (4)_____ to the spices and the (5)_____ it is cooked, the stew has a distinctive flavor of its own. The implications of “melting pot” (6)_____ American social workers and language teachers, many of (7)_____ feel that racial and national groups should be encouraged to (8)_____ their customs, traditions and languages. At the same time it is agreed that all Americans, (9)_____ their origins, must learn to speak English clearly and fluently, and they must learn to (10)_____ themselves to the American way of life. However, there are ethnic groups who still (11)_____ together, who speak their own languages and have preserved many of their old customs. There are Hispanic (12)_____, e.g. Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, most of whom still speak Spanish as their (13)_____ language. There are the American Indians and (14)_____ Asian groups, all of whom speak their own languages. Then there are the 20 million blacks, who, (15)_____ they speak English, for the most part live separately. Many blacks are beginning to (16)_____ their roots right back to the African tribes (17)_____ which their ancestors were torn in the days of slavery and some of them are (18)_____ themselves more and more with Africa. Some black leaders (19)_____, reminding them that their culture and their language are not African. They are American. But many blacks are (20)_____ bitter against white culture to feel American.A．ceasedB．stoppedC．pausedD．halted正确答案：A解析：该句意为，美国移民已经融人本地人，不再是德国人、日本人、波兰人、爱尔兰人吗?cease to be”不再是”，为习惯用法，符合题意。
考研英语试题及答案详解
考研英语试题及答案详解一、阅读理解（共20分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项陈述是正确的？A. 城市化进程中，环境问题日益严重。
B. 城市化进程中，人们生活质量得到显著提升。
C. 城市化进程中，人口密度没有显著变化。
D. 城市化进程中，经济发展速度放缓。
答案：A解析：文章中提到城市化进程中伴随而来的环境问题，如空气污染和水资源短缺，因此选项A正确。
选项B、C和D在文章中没有提及，故排除。
2. 作者对于城市化的看法是什么？A. 支持城市化，认为其是经济发展的必然结果。
B. 反对城市化，认为其导致了一系列社会问题。
C. 中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
D. 未明确表达对城市化的看法。
答案：C解析：文章中作者提到城市化带来了经济增长和生活便利，同时也指出了其带来的环境和社会问题，因此作者持中立态度，认为城市化既有利也有弊。
二、完形填空（共20分）阅读下面短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the popularity of online courses has grown rapidly. The reason is that they offer flexibility and convenience that traditional classroom learning often cannot match. For example, students can access the courses at any time and from any place, which is particularly beneficial for those who have to balance their studies with work or family commitments.3. The word "flexibility" in the passage most probably means ______.A. the ability to change easilyB. the ability to bend easilyC. the ability to stretch easilyD. the ability to move easily答案：A解析：根据上下文，"flexibility"在这里指的是在线课程提供的时间上的灵活性，即学生可以根据自己的时间安排来学习，因此选项A"the ability to change easily"是最佳选项。
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考研英语阅读理解试题及名师解析(8) Why do so manyAmericans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society ofNewspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organizationis deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project。 Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-levelfindings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined withlots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers reallywant。 But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learnto see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which theyplug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line inthe newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrativestructure for otherwise confusing news。 There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalistsand their readers, which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaireswere sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus onelarge metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned atrandom and asked the same questions。 Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists aremore likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, andtrade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, orput down roots in a community。 Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and culturalelite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite.The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poorreportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and theirreaders。 This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly adeclining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whoseattitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and acredibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed andfleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing thecultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. Ifit did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on raceand gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values,education, and class。 29. What is the passage mainly about? [A]Needs of the readers all over the world [B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers [C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry [D]Aims of a journalism credibility project 30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out tobe 。 [A]quite trustworthy [B]somewhat contradictory [C]very illuminating [D]rather superficial 31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _________。 [A]working attitude [B]conventional lifestyle [C]world outlook [D]educational background 32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its_________。 [A]failure to realize its real problem [B]tendency to hire annoying reporters [C]likeliness to do inaccurate reporting [D]prejudice in matters of race and gender 名师解析 29. What is the passage mainly about? 本文主要讲的是什么? [A]Needs of the readers all over the world. 全世界读者的需要。 [B]Causes of the public disappointment about newspapers. 造成公众对报纸失望的原因。 [C]Origins of the declining newspaper industry. 新闻业衰败的根源。 [D]Aims of a journalism credibility project. 新闻可信度项目的目标。 【答案】 B 【考点】 文章主旨题。 【分析】 文章的第一句就提出了本文旨在说明的问题“为什么那么多的美国人不相信自己在报纸上读到的内容呢?”从第二段、第三段的内容来看，作者都在试图寻找造成公众对报纸失望的一个真正的根本性的原因。因此可以判断[B]为正确答案。[A]不正确，是因为它仅仅是新闻界的调查项目得到的一个结果而已。[C]和[A]相比较，还是[A]来得比较确切。[C]已经从文章主旨引申到别的项目上去了。[D]仅仅是为了查明原因而进行的一个调查项目而已。 30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out tobe 。 新闻可信度项目的结果是 。 [A]quite trustworthy 相当可信 [B]somewhat contradictory 有点矛盾 [C]very illuminating 非常有启发性 [D]rather superficial 相当肤浅 【答案】 D 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 根据本题题干可以定位到第二段，文中指出“该项目最终所发现的原因大都是新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，以及许多关于读者到底想读些什么令人挠头的困惑”，在作者看来，这些发现大都是“低级的”(low-level)，而真正的原因没有这么表面“go way deeper”(第三段首句中)。因此可以判定是答案是[D]选项。 31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writerlies in their _____。 作者描述的新闻记者的基本问题存在于他们的_____。 [A]working attitude 工作态度 [B]conventional lifestyle 传统的生活方式 [C]world outlook 世界观 [D]educational background 教育背景 【答案】 C 【考点】 事实细节题。 【分析】 文章的解题点在文章的倒数第二段中“对新闻媒体的这种令人震惊的不信任的根源不在于报道失实或低下的报道技巧，而在于记者与读者的世界观每天都发生着碰撞”这句话。也就是说，作者的基本问题是“世界观”的问题。另外三个选项都不是最基本的问题。 32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannotsatisfy the readers owing to its _________。 尽管很努力，新闻行业仍然不能满足读者的需要是因为其_______。 [A]failure to realize its real problem 不能够认识到真正的问题 [B]tendency to hire annoying reporters 倾向于雇佣那些恼人的记者