动名词非谓语动词用法详解
中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座---动词不定式、动名词及动词过去分词精讲及练习

中考英语非谓语动词用法系列讲座非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当句子谓语,而是充当句子其它成分的动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
现在分词和动名词又统称为动词v--ing形式。
非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化,但有语态和时态的变化。
本讲座主要对非谓语动词的基本用法分别进行系列讲解。
第一讲:动词不定式用法精讲及练习考点一:动词不定式的基本用法动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,在某些情况下,to可以省略。
动词不定式在句中主要起名词、形容词、副词的作用,因此,动词不定式可以作句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、同位语和独立结构。
但在初中阶段,主要掌握动词不定式作句子的主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语、状语为主。
为了简明扼要地掌握动词不定式的用法,我们以表格的形式呈现给大家。
见下表:表(一):动词不定式的基本形式:【典型考例】(2019湖北襄阳)我们的老师总是告诉我们,在学习中不要逃避任何困难。
(keep)Our teacher always tells us___ _ in the study【析】正确答案:not to escape any difficulties。
“告诉某人不要做某事”在英语中为tell sb. not to do sth.,not to do sth为动词不定式的否定形式,作动词tell的宾语补足语。
“逃避任何困难”为escape any difficulties。
【典型考例】(2019哈尔滨)Kids like reading stories which can make them _____.ughB.to laughughing【析】正确答案:A。
句意是:孩子们喜欢那些能让他们哈哈大笑的故事。
动词make为使役动词,其后接不定式短语作宾语补足语时,省略to。
即make sb do sth“使某人作某事”,故正确答案为A。
动词的非谓语形式及其用法详解

动词的非谓语形式及其用法详解动词是语言中最基本的词类之一,它用来表示动作、状态或者存在。
除了常见的谓语形式,动词还有一些非谓语形式,包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
本文将详细介绍这些非谓语形式及其用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它有以下几种用法:1. 作目的状语:动词不定式可以在句子中充当目的状语,表示动作的目的或目标。
例:I went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(我去超市买了些杂货。
)2. 作结果状语:动词不定式可以表示动作的结果。
例:She studied hard to pass the exam.(她努力学习以通过考试。
)3. 作目补:动词不定式可以作为某些动词的宾语补语,用来补充说明宾语的内容或者目的。
例:I want to be a doctor.(我想成为一名医生。
)4. 作形容词定语:动词不定式可以修饰名词,充当形容词。
例:He has a book to read.(他有一本可以阅读的书。
)二、动名词动名词是一种由动词构成的名词,通常以-ing结尾。
它有以下几种用法:1. 作主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语。
例:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)2. 作宾语:动名词可以作为及物动词的宾语。
例:She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说。
)3. 作介词的宾语或介词短语的一部分:动名词可以跟在介词后面,充当介词的宾语或介词短语的一部分。
例:He is good at cooking.(他擅长做饭。
)三、分词分词是一种由动词构成的非谓语形式,根据其形式和用法的不同,分词可以分为现在分词(ing形式)和过去分词(通常以-ed、-en结尾)。
分词有以下几种用法:1. 作定语:分词可以修饰名词,充当形容词。
例:The broken window needs to be repaired.(这扇破损的窗户需要修理。
非谓语动词固定搭配词组详解

非谓语动词固定搭配词组详解非谓语动词指的是动词的非谓语形式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词在句子中起到名词、形容词或副词的作用。
为了更准确地使用非谓语动词,我们需要了解一些固定搭配词组。
本文将详细解析非谓语动词的固定搭配词组,以帮助读者准确运用非谓语动词。
一、不定式的固定搭配词组1. 动词 + 不定式(动词不定式作宾语)- agree to:同意- decide to:决定- refuse to:拒绝- hope to:希望- want to:想要例句:She decided to go to the party.2. 接不定式的动词 + 宾语 + 不定式(动词不定式作宾语补足语)- advise/allow/urge/beg/order/force/encourage + 宾语 + to do:建议/允许/催促/恳求/命令/强迫/鼓励某人做某事例句:My parents encouraged me to study abroad.3. be + adj. + 不定式(不定式作表语)- be happy/glad/sad/surprised/angry/excited to do:对于做某事感到高兴/满意/伤心/惊讶/生气/兴奋例句:He was excited to receive the award.二、动名词的固定搭配词组1. 被动意义:be/get + 过去分词/动名词- be interested in:对...感兴趣- be known for:以...而闻名- be involved in:参与到...- get used to:习惯于...- be excited about:对...感到兴奋例句:She is interested in learning new languages.2. 主动意义:动名词 + 宾语- enjoy/consider/practice/avoid/delay + doing:喜欢/考虑/练习/避免/延迟做某事- keep/keep on + doing:继续做某事- suggest/recommend + doing:建议/推荐做某事例句:I enjoy reading books in my free time.三、分词的固定搭配词组1. 过去分词用作形容词- interested/excited/surprised/amazed/confused/scared + 分词:对...感兴趣/兴奋/惊讶/吃惊/困惑/害怕例句:The children were excited to see the fireworks.2. 分词短语作状语- when/while + 分词:当...时候/在...的时候- with + 分词:随着...- without + 分词:没有...例句:While shopping, she saw her old friend.3. 分词短语作定语- a + 分词 + noun:一个...的- the + 分词:那个...- 分词 + noun:...的例句:She bought a book written by her favorite author.总结:非谓语动词的固定搭配词组对于准确地运用非谓语动词非常重要。
非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语.但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语.不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成. 一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作.如:Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险.(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险.2)用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的.3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel/wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时.It is silly of you to say so.It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语.如:When to leave hasn’t been decided yet.什么时候动身还没定呢.Whether to drive or take the train is still a problem.是自驾车还是乘火车仍是一个问题.5)一般情况下,不定式和动名词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式.如: Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe 眼见为实.. Planting flowers needs constant watering.但and连接的多个动名词作主语,谓语动词大多用复数(如果前后动名词的语义一致,谓语一般用单数).如:Lying and stealing are immoral. 说谎与盗窃是不道德的.6) 动名词前面可以加上形容词性物主代词构成动名词的复合结构.如:----- What made him angry------ Mary’s /My/His/Her /Their/ The boy’s/ The president’s being late(made him angry.7)过去分词不能单独做主语,前面必须加上being,构成动名词,做主语.如:.Being examined twice a year , whether it is a car, a bus or a truck,.经典练习:1.It’s important for the figures_________ (update) regularly.2.No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it’s better ______(remain) silent.3.It’s really stupid of you _______ (tell)him the news yesterdayso it has been disturbing him all the time.4.___________(understand)your own needs and styles of communicationis as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.5.__________(worry) about your grades doesn’t help.6.The engine just won’t start. Something seems _____ (go) wrong withit.参考答案:1. to update 2. to remain 3. to have told 4.understanding 5. worrying go改错题:一个句子最多有一处错误1. It’s standard practice for a company like this one employ a security officer.2. Hear how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.3. Know basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.4. Do well in an interview will be an important part of getting a place at university.told us whether have a picnic was still under discussion.prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.参考答案:1. 在employ前加to 2. Hear 改为Hearing 3. Know 改为Knowing4. Do 改为Doing5. have 前加to6. prevent 前加to.二.作定语1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面需要有相应的介词,如:The Browns have a comfortable house to live in2) 用不定式作定语的几种情况:a. 不定式表将来如:The car to be bought is for his sister.b. 用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no, all, any,the only 等限定的中心词,且与中心词为逻辑上的主动关系, 如:He was the best man to do the job.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.c. 有些名词的同根词常跟不定式,因而它们也常跟不定式做定语,常见的有:promise, plan, attempt, offer, decision, refusal, failure, ability, chance, warning, anxiety, eagerness, willingness, readiness等I don’t trust his promise to come for a visit.He said he had no plan to go there.He made an attempt to stand up.Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds to stay away.3) 前置定语:V+ing 可以表示正在进行,也可以表示特征;过去分词表示已经完成或状态请区别下面短语:the boiling/ boiled water. 正沸腾的水(表正在进行)/白开水(表完成)a good-looking flower. 一朵好看的花儿(表特征)the developing countries/ the developed countries 发展中国家/发达国家the falling leaves / the fallen leaves正在下落的叶子/落叶the remaining money/ the money left 剩下的钱注意:英语中有些表示感觉的动词,其现在分词形式表示“令人感到…..的”,过去分词形式表示“感到….的”如:an exciting voice 一个令人兴奋的声音 an excited voice 一个兴奋的声音a puzzling expression 一个令人困惑的表情 a puzzled expression 一个困惑的表情4)区别下列后置定语的用法:to be done 表示被动、将来;done 表示被动、完成;being done 表示被动、正在进行;v+ing 表示主动;动词的系表结构直接去掉动词be;如果是不及物动词或者是感官系动词sound/taste/ feel/ smell/ look 和变化系动词就只有用V+ing形式.Have you read the novel written by DickensListen The song being sung is very popular with students.The question to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.The food tasting delicious sells well.注意:不定式在后置定语中只表示将来,不表目的;having dong 或者having been done 一般用在状语中,不可以做后置定语,过去分词本身就表被动和完成.请完成下面的练习are many people ______ (wait) outside the hall.are many problems ______ ( remain) to be solved.flowers _______ (smell) sweet attract a lot of people.are many people _______ (invite) to the party.film, ______ (set) in the 19th century, won the medal.meeting_________(hold) now is of great importance.meeting_________(hold) yesterday was of great importance.meeting ________ (hold) tomorrow is of great importance.is always the first_______ (come) and the last _______ (leave).is the only person ________(know) the truth.was the best ______ (do) the job.13. A great number of students _________(question) said they were forcedto practice the piano.14. John has really got the job because he showed me the official letter_____(offer) it to him.15. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in theenvelope ______ (provide)16. Birds’singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______(stay)away.17. The room is empty except for a bookshelf_____(stand)in one corner.18. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, therewas a pile of mail______(wait) for her.19. They might just have a place _____ (leave) on the writing course—whydon’t you give it a try20. In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ____(use) indaily conversations.21. Volunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, includingyour own.参考答案: . smelling 5. set held 8. to be held 9. to come 10.to leave know do 13. questioned 14. offering 15. provided16. to stay 17. standing 18. waiting 19. left 20. used 21.to leave 22. to change三.作表语(不定式/动名词/过去分词都可以做表语)1.动名词作表语表示抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常性的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作例如:比较下列区别His favorite sport is swimming. (泛指游泳)Your task today is to wash the curtains.(指一次具体的工作)2 .excited/disappointed/frightened/pleased/satisfied/interested/puz zled/tired 感到…exciting/disappointing/frightening/pleasing/satisfying/interestin g/puzzling/tiring令人….He is moved by the moving movie.The film is moving.It is a pleasant trip.(pleasant 做前置定语)The trip is pleasing.(pleasing 做表语)3. 注意下列表达方式:My bag is missing/ lost/ gone. I find my bag missing/lost/gone.4. remain 的表语1) remain to be done 仍需去做/有待于…One problem remians to be solved.It remians to be seen whether the operation was successful.2) remain做“仍然是”讲时,可用名词,adj,介词,现在分词或者过去分词作表语He remained stuck (滞留)abroadPeter became a manager, but Jack remained a worker.Whatever achievements you’ve made, you should remain modest.无论你取得多么大的成就,你都该保持谦虚.He had to remain in hospital until he was better. 他不得不一直住院直到身体好些.This solid stone,square tower had remained standing for one thousand years.The guests came in, but she remained sitting/seated at the desk reading.客人们都来了,但她还坐在写字台旁读书.As before, he remained unmoved. 他和以往一样无动于衷.注意:1)用作不及物动词,意思是“剩下;剩余;遗留”,此时不能用进行时态,也没有被动语态.After the fire, very little remained of his house. 火灾过后,他的家所剩无几.2)remaining是形容词,意为“剩余的”,常作前置定语;而left则只能作后置定语.例如:There are still some apples left. 还剩余一些苹果. I bought a giftfor her with the remaining money. 我用剩余的钱给她买了一件礼物.3) remain作名词时表示“剩余物”,一般用其复数形式.例如:The archeologists found some remains of the Song Dynasty.考古学家发现了一些宋代遗迹.5. 1)主语+seem +(to be )+表语,表语多为名词或形容词Tom seems (to be ) a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩.The man over there seems to be a new teacher. 那边的那个人看上去像一个新老2) 主语+ seem to do sthbe doing sthhave done sthMrs. Green doesn’t seem (或seems not ) to like the idea. 格林夫人似乎不太喜欢这个主意.The children seemed to be eating something in the room. 孩子们好像正在房间里吃东西呢.The young man seemed to have changed much. 这个年轻人看起来变化很大.6. 当不定式用作表语时,其中的 to 原则上是不能省略的.如:His aim is t o do two years’ work in one. 他的目标是一年干两年的工作.但有一种例外,那就是当主语部分有动词do的某种形式时,用作表语的不定式可以省略to.如:What you first do is (to) mix the egg with flour. 你先得把鸡蛋和面粉和好.All I did was (to) touch the window, and it broke. 我只不过碰了一下窗户,玻璃就碎了经典练习1. My worry is your _______ (rely) too much on your parents.2. Please remain ______ (seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon.3. For those with family members far away, the personal computer and thephone are important in staying________( connect)答案:四.作宾语(不定式和动名词都可以作宾语)1.只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语考虑、建议和原谅,承认、推迟没得想像避免、继续练,否认完成停感谢不禁止介意准逃亡consider(考虑);advise/suggest/propose/recommend(建议);excuse/pardon(原谅);admit/acknowledge(承认);delay/postpone/put off(推迟); imagine/fancy(想像);avoid(避免);practise(练习);deny(否认);finish(完成); appreciate/acknowledge(感谢); forbid (禁止); mind(介意); escape(逃脱);此外,这些动词也跟动名词:miss(错过);enjoy(享受);risk (冒险);tolerate/bear/stand/put up with(容忍);quit(停止)advocate(提倡);resist (抵制)understand(理解);allow/permit(允许)feel like doing sth(喜欢做某事; give up doing (放弃做某事); keep doing(不停的做某事); be busy doing sth; can’t help doing sth(情不自禁); be worth doing sth (值得做某事);have difficulty/trouble doing sth(做...有困难/麻烦); have a hard/good time doing sth做.... 很开心/不开心; have fun doing sth 做.... 很开心 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事It is no use/good /pleasure doing sth做.......没有用处/好处/乐趣There is no point in doing sth= There is no need to do sth 没必要做某事It’s a waste of time doing sth 做.... 浪费时间It is worthwhile doing/ to do sth = be worthy to be done= be worthy of being done= be worth doing sth值得做某事2.只能用不定式作宾语的动词决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help,(afford, strive, happen, wait, threaten口诀之外的单词)She pretended not to see me when I passed by.We agreed to meet here but so far she hasn’t turned up yet.3. forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别.forget to do sth _________________ forget doing sth ______________________ go on to do sth __________________go on doing sth ______________________ mean to do sth____________________ mean doing sth___________________ regret to say/tell/inform/announce__________________________________ regret doing sth/having done________________________________________ remember to do sth_________________ remember doing sth________________ stop to do sth______________________ stop doing sth____________________ try to do sth______________________ try doingsth_________________________can’t help (to) do sth __________________ can’t help doing sth__________________can’t help but do sth =can’t but do sth ___________________sb used to do sth ___________________ sb be used to doing sth____________________sth be used to do sth ________________________be afraid to do sth不敢做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心发生某事be sure to do sth一定会.....be sure of doing sth确信会.....Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. (让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.)Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. (让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.)I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习.)I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事.)I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里.)I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次.)Stop speaking. (不要讲话.)He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话.)I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来.)Missing the train means waiting for another hour.(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时)4.在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语:allow /advise/forbid/permit sb to do sthallow/advise/forbid/permit doing sthWe don’t allow smoking here.We don’t allow students to smoke.动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.…需要….…值得….deserve to be done/ doing …..值得….The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.Her method is worth trying.These proposals deserve considering/ to be considered. 这些建议应该被考虑.devote oneself/ one’s time to (把...贡献给...);look forward to (期望);pay attention to (注意); attach importance to (重视); be used/accustomed to (习惯于做某事);when it comes to (当谈到做某事) ; get down to(着手);prefer doing sth to doing sth(喜欢...而不喜欢; turn to doing sth(转向);thanks to (多亏); lead to (导致);the key to doing sth (做某事的关键);object to/be opposed to (反对);contribute to (有助于);be addicted to doing sth (沉湎于;对...上瘾);make contributions to (对...做出贡献) ;due to (由于);apply oneself to (致力于) ;stick to(坚持);come close to (接近于)等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:I look forward to hearing from you soon.6.不定式做动词(词组)tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等的宾语时,前面常常带引导词how, what, whether, where, when, who等,但是why后加不带to的不定式.He showed us how to do the work= He showed us how we should do the work.I don’t know what to do= I don’t know what I should do.We must decide whether to stay or go= We must decide whether we’ll stay or go.Can you tell me why do it7.在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.I love swimming. I love to swim today.,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.典型例题1. David threatened _____(report) his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.2. He chose _______(keep) silent when asked why.3. He volunteered _________(help) the victims in the earthquake.4. Whenever you are in trouble, don’t hesitate _______(ask) me for help.5. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need ______(repair).6. —Can I smoke here—Sorry. We don’t allow ______(smoke) here.7. I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention ______(promote) when we talked on the phone.8. Bill suggested _______(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.9. I really appreciate _______(have) time to holiday with you on this nice island.10. I can hardly imagine her _______(marry) such a men as Lee.11. It’s quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim12. The film star wears sunglass. Therefore, he can go shopping without ______(recognize).13. —They are quiet, aren’t they—Yes, they are accustomed to not talk at meals.14. How can I afford to fly to America when I can only earn 800 Yuan a month.15. Would you mind turn down your radio a little, please16. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed caught.17. He practiced playing the piano every morning.18. He risked losing his life in order to save the drowning girl.19. He was considering changed his mind.20. He was considered to be very rich.21. D on’t worry. We can manage to help you out.22. I was advised to quit the job and try a new one.23. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs to be done to achieve the final success.24. One learns a language by making mistakes and correct them.25. China recently tightened its waters controls near the HuangYan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from attacked in the South China Sea.26. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and having reduced to ruins, the city took on a new look.27. When it comes to speak in public, no one can match him.28. Lydia doesn’t feel like study abroad. Her parents are old.29. I really regret _____ (inform) you that you have failed to pass the exam.30. He tried ______(persuade) her to accept their incitation, but in vain.31. She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake.32. I still remember taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.33. No one answered the front door, so I tried knocking at the back door.34. I’m afraid I can’t help painting the house this afternoon.35. I couldn’t choose but to accept his invitation.36. I’m sorry. I didn’t mean hurt you.37. Now that we have finished Exercise I, let’s go on to do Exercise Ⅱ.38. I couldn’t help but admiring him for his courage.39. Oh, my goodness I forgot to lock the door last night. Is there anything missing40. I forgot paid already, so I went to my boss again.41. The competitor never dreamed of there __________ (be) a chance for him to win the first prize in the 100 meter race.42. Have you heard of my sister _______ (win) the contest43. The doctor does not mind I eating a little meat occasionally.44. She didn’t mind her books taken away and used by other students.45. I insist on Mary go there.46. I knew nothing about the window was open.47. He left the city without our know it.答案:report 2. to keep 3. to help ask been promoted 10. marrying recognized 改为taking 14.正确改为turning 前加being 17.正确 18.正确改为changing 20.正确 21.正确 22.正确 23.正确改为correcting 前加being 改为being 改为speaking 改为studying inform persuade 31.正确前加being 33.正确改为paint 35.去掉to 36.正确 37.正确 39.正确前加being 改为my或me 前加being 改为going,或去掉on 改为being 改为knowing五.作状语不定式分词作状语时,不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,不定式表示目的,动名词表示主动,过去分词表示被动.(一)不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语In order to可以放在句首,也可以放在句中;so as to 只能放于句中,in order to 和so as to 放于句中时,不能用逗号隔开.To catch the early bus/In order to catch the early bus, he gets up early.= He gets up early to catch the early bus.Bob took down my telephone number so as / in order not to forget it. = In order not to forget it, Bob took down my telephone number.2.不定式作结果状语不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so+adj +as to do sth; such+n +as to do sth; …enough to do sth; too….to; Only to do sth表示不定式出乎意料的结果.I’m not so stupid as to write it down.=I’m not such a fool as to write it down.He is clever enough to be fit for the job.Jane arrived at the station only to be told the train had gone.比较:He died, leaving only debts.(动名词表示自然而然的结果)I’m too tired to stay up longer.注意:only too…to结构中,并非是“太….而不能….”之意,而表示“非常….”这样搭配的形容词有:pleased, ready, willing, glad, happy等.I’m only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格了,我非常高兴.I’m too willing to help you.3.不定式作原因状语当这些形容词light, heavy, hard/difficult, easy, comfortable, pleasant, dangerous impossible, interesting nice等出现时要用主动表被动.This question is easy to answer.This book is difficult to understand.(二)分词做状语分词作状语时,可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、伴随状语等,为了强调,可以与while, when, once, if , unless等连词连用.(not)V+ing 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系V+ed 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系(not) having done 表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系;动作发生在谓语动作之前(not)having been done表示句子主语之间为逻辑上的被动关系; 动作发生在谓语动作之前1. When ________ (offer) help, one often says “Thank you”or “It’s kind of you.(Separate) from other continents for millions of years, Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.3. Generally speaking, if _______(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.4. He glanced at her, ________( note) that though she was tiny, she seemed very well.5. The teacher came into the lab, _________(follow) by some students.6. _________________(tell) many times, he still repeated the same mistake.7. Not _______________(receive) her letter, he wrote again.参考答案: 2. Separated 3. taken 4. noting 5. followed 6. Having been told7. having received(三) 独立成分作状语有些分词或不定式短语作状语,其形式的选择不受上下文的影响,称作独立成分.常见的有:generally speaking 一般来说 strictly/ honestly/frankly speaking 严格地、诚实地、坦率地讲considering/ given/taking… into consideration 考虑到judging from/by 根据....判断compared with/to 与....相比provided/ providing/ suppose/ supposing/ assuming 假设to be frank/ to tell you the truth/ to be honest 坦率地说、跟你说实话、老实说To make things/ the matter worse 更为糟糕的是seeing that 鉴于Considering his age, he is quite tall.Judging from his look, he didn’t agree with you at all.I lost my way in complete darkness and, to make things worse, it began to rain.To tell you the truth, I am a little tired.练习:1).______ (sleep) late in the morning, he turned off the alarm o’clock.2)._______(see) from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.3) ._______(see) the sunset from the hill, he felt relaxed.4). _______(clean) the desks, we began reading.5).__________(surround) for a month, the enemy had to give in.6). ___________(lose) in the woods, he finally saved by the police.7) .All the afternoon he worked with the door_______(lock).8).With winter_______(come) on,it's time to buy warm clothes.9).I can't go out with all these dishes________(wash).10).Anderson was lying on the bed with the window________(open).11).He stood there with his eyes ______(fix) on the wall.12).He felt relaxed, with his work _______(do).13). He felt anxious, with a lot of work________(do)参考答案:1) to sleep; 2) seen; 3) seeing; 4) Having cleaned; 5) having been surrounded; 6) lost7) locked 8) coming 9) to wash 10) open 11).fixed 12) done 13) to do总结状语从句的做题方法:(四)独立主格非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该和句子主语保持一致.但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语,在句子中做状语,我们称之为独立主格.它的结构特点是:①独立主格中的状语有自己独立的主语,与主句的主语不同,前后主语不一致;②在独立主格中的状语中,不定式表示还未作,过去分词表示被动;现在分词表示主动③独立主格结构一般都有逗号与主句分开. 独立主格的结构为:(with)主语+V+ing/v+ed/ to do sth/ adj/ 介词结构/ 副词1).名词/主格代词+现在分词.名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系.如:The girl staring at him (= as the girl stared at him), he didn’t know what to say.= With the girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting (= if time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.= _______________________________________________________如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.2).名词/主格代词+过去分词.名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系.如:The problems solved (= as the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.= With the problem solved, the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了. Her glasses broken (= because her g lasses were broken), she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard. =__________________________________________________________________.由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.3).名词/主格代词+不定式.名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作.如:He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help.= He is going to make a model plane, with some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型.4).名词/主格代词+形容词.如:An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.= An air accident happened to the plane, with nobody alive.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. =_____________________________这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.5).名词/主格代词+副词.如:He put on his sweater ,wrong side out.= He put on his sweater , with wrong side out.他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home.=____________________________________________.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.6).名词/主格代词+介词短语.如:The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand.= The boy goes to the classroom, with a book in his hand.那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门. 7). There being +名词(代词),being不可省.如:There being nothing else to do, we went home. 没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.8). It being +名词(代词),being不可省.如:It being Christmas, t he government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故,政府机关都休息.当不定式用作介词except或but的宾语时,该不定式有时带 to,有时不带 to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带 to;其前没有 do,不定式通常带 to.如:He likes nothing except to watch TV. 除了看电视外,他什么都不喜欢.It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果.There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法.I could do nothing except agree. 我除了同意,没有别的办法重点句型:have no choice/alternative but to do sth 别无选择只能做某事 have nothing to do but do sth / can do nothing but do sth别无选择只能做某事经典例题:1.I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catchits breakfast.2.Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car_______(wash).3.Having finished her project, she was invited _______(speak) by the schoolto the new students.4.When we saw the road _______(block) with snow, we decided to spend theholiday at home.5.Let those in need ______(understand) that we will go all out to help them.6.He is thought ______(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blamefor losing the job.7.Alexander tried to get his work in the medical circles ______(recognize).8.I was advised _______(take) more exercise and eat less sugar.9.That eight-year-old boy was made _________(work) day and night by thecruel boss.10.When he went back to his home village ten years later, he found itcompletely _____(change).11.Passengers are permitted ______(carry) only one piece of hand luggageonto the plane.12.Simon made a big bamboo box _____(keep) the little sick bird till it couldfly.13.Listen Do you hear someone call for help14.I felt something hitting me on the back.15.Let the children quiet, please.16.He was heard leave the house.17.I’ll have him to pay attention to his handwriting.18.Don’t have the students study all day.19.All that set me thinking.20.He got his tooth pull out yesterday.21.He was caught steal in the shop and was sent to prison.22.I found my desk mate, Li Yang, play basketball on the playground.23.Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himselfreminding of his own dreams.24.Even the best writers find themselves losing for words.25.Claire had luggage _______ (check) an hour before her plane left.26.I have a lot of readings ________ (complete) before the end of this term.27.Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers ________ (send) to hermother on her birthday.28.The director had her assistant _______ (pick) up some hot dogs for themeeting.29.The two men had their lights ________ (burn) all night long.30.He had his house _______ (break) into last night.31.With the world changing fast, we have something new deal with all byourselves every day.32.Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls join up.33.If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but meet an even greatchallenge.34.He had all his students to stand up and sing the song together.35.They had the machine run all day and all night.36.We won’t have such a thing happening again.37.Something has gone wrong with my computer. I’ll get it _________ (repair)tomorrow.38.It’s too noisy outside. I’ll have to get the children ___________ (stop)shouting.39.The first thing he did every morning was to get his car____________(start).40.He was very humorous and often got us ________ (laugh).41.Considering his illness, the doctor tried to get the patient stop smoking.42.His sudden appearance got them surprising.43.He got his ankle hurt in the game yesterday.44.The boss got them worked as soon as they entered the workshop.答案:1.winding 3. to speak 4. blocked 5. understand 6. to have acted 8. to take 9. to work 10. changed 11. to carry 12. to keep13. call改为calling 14. hitting改为hit 15. quiet前加be 16. leave 前加to 17.去掉pay前的to18.study改为studying 19. 正确 20. pull改为pulled 21. steal改为stealing改为playing 23. reminding改为reminded 24. losing改为lost 25. checkedcomplete 27. sent 28. pick 29. burning 30. broken 31. deal前加to 32. join改为joined33.meet前加to 34. 去掉to 35. run改为running 36. 正确 37. repaired38. to stop39.started 40. laughing 41. stop 前加to 42. surprising改为surprised43. 正确改为working。
非谓语动词用法精讲动名词作主语的用法和注意事项

非谓语动词用法精讲动名词作主语的用法和注意事项非谓语动词用法精讲:动名词作主语的用法和注意事项动名词作为非谓语动词的一种形式,具有多种用法。
本文将重点讨论动名词作为主语的用法和相关的注意事项。
一、动名词作为主语的用法动名词作为主语的用法在英语中非常常见,它可以用来表达抽象的概念、一般的真理、习惯性的行为以及某种认为或情感等。
下面是一些例子:1. Learning a foreign language takes time and effort.(学习一门外语需要时间和努力。
)2. Singing in the shower is my favorite pastime.(在淋浴时唱歌是我最喜欢的消遣方式。
)3. Smoking is harmful to your health.(吸烟对健康有害。
)4. Playing video games is his daily routine.(打电子游戏是他的日常活动。
)二、动名词作为主语的注意事项1. 动名词后面的动词必须使用单数形式。
例如:Running is good for your health.(跑步对你的健康有益。
)2. 动名词作为主语时,常常与动词to be连用,构成动名词从句。
例如:His hobby is reading.(他的爱好是读书。
)3. 有些动词常与动名词作主语搭配使用,如:enjoy、finish、keep、avoid、mind、suggest等。
例如:- I enjoy swimming in the summer.(我喜欢夏天游泳。
)- He avoids eating junk food.(他避免吃垃圾食品。
)4. 当动名词位于句首时,常常使用it作为形式主语,而将动名词放在句子的末尾。
例如:- It is important to have a balanced diet.(均衡饮食很重要。
)- It takes courage to speak in public.(大庭广众下发表讲话需要勇气。
非谓语动词之动名词

非谓语动词之动名词一、动名词作主语1.一般置于句首:Reading English is easier than speaking it.2.有时也可以用it作形式主语,而把动名词放在谓语动词之后。
It will be nice seeing them again.这类句子结构常见的还有:1)It’s no use…;It is no use crying over spilt milk.2)It's no good…;It is no good feeling self——satisfied over your first success.3)Is it any good…?Is it any good trying to exp1ain?4)It's a waste of time…;It's a waste of time arguing about it.3.动名词还可以在There is no…句子结构中做主语:There is no asking him to come now.He is busy.这种句子中的动名词常带有宾语,其句型含义相当于It is impossible to do…二、动名词作表语连系动词常与动名词连用,一起构成复合谓语:Our task is building China into a powerfu1 modern socialist country.三、动名词作宾语1.作动词宾语:This factory has stopped producing the old type of engine.必须接动名词作宾语的动词常见的有:consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,excuse,finish,give up,cannot help(禁不住),imagine,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,suggest,pardon,stop,allow,permit,forbid,appreciate等。
非谓语动词在句首的用法

非谓语动词在句首的用法在英语学习中,非谓语动词是一个重要且具有一定难度的语法点。
当非谓语动词出现在句首时,其用法更是需要我们仔细分辨和理解。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。
首先,我们来谈谈动词不定式置于句首的情况。
动词不定式在句首通常用作目的状语,表示某一动作的目的。
例如:“To learn English well, we need to practice speaking every day”(为了学好英语,我们需要每天练习说。
)这里的“To learn English well”就是目的状语,清晰地表明了后面“we need to practice speaking every day”这个行为的目的。
另外,动词不定式在句首有时也用作主语,表示某个具体的动作或行为。
例如:“To err is human; to forgive, divine”(人孰无过;宽恕乃神圣之举。
)在这个句子中,“To err”和“To forgive”分别充当了两个分句的主语。
接下来是动名词在句首的用法。
动名词在句首通常作主语,表示一个一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态。
比如:“Doing exercise regularly is good for our health”(经常做运动对我们的健康有好处。
)这里“Doing exercise regularly”就是一个习惯性的动作,被用作主语来阐述其对健康的影响。
动名词在句首还可以作表语,用来描述主语的性质或状态。
例如:“Her job is teaching English”(她的工作是教英语。
)“Teaching English”在这个句子中作表语,说明了“Her job”的性质。
再说说现在分词在句首的情况。
现在分词在句首作状语时,往往表示伴随、原因、时间等。
例如:“Walking along the street, I saw an old friend”(沿着街道走的时候,我看到了一位老朋友。
非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义

非谓语动词的七种形态的用法和含义
非谓语动词的七种形态包括不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词、分词短语、不定式短语和动名词短语。
1.不定式:to do,常用于表示目的、原因、结果、条件等。
例如:She went to the market to buy some vegetables.
2.动名词:doing,可作主语、宾语、表语等,常用于表示动作的
进行与持续。
例如:Reading is her favorite hobby.
3.现在分词:doing,表示与主语同时或者正在进行的动作。
例如:The boy standing over there is my friend.
4.过去分词:done,可用作形容词或者与助动词连用表示完成的
动作。
例如:The work was done by the team.
5.分词短语:having done,表示在完成某个动作之后发生的事情。
例如:Having finished her homework, she went to bed.
6.不定式短语:to be done,表示被动或者完成的动作。
例如:The report is to be submitted by tomorrow.
7.动名词短语:enjoying swimming,表示主语进行的动作是令人愉快的。
例如:She enjoys swimming in the sea.
除了以上七种形态外,非谓语动词还可以组成短语或者从句,常用于虚拟语气、句子的修饰、分句或者非限制性定语从句等。
完全掌握非谓语动词的用法对于提高英语写作和阅读水平非常重要。
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动名词非谓语动词用法详解动名词是英语中的一种非限定性动词形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、介词宾语等,并且还可以用作非谓语动词。
动名词非谓语动词的用法非常灵活,本文将详细解析动名词非谓语动词的用法。
一、作主语
动名词可以单独作主语使用,表示对某种行为或者概念的强调。
例如:
1. Swimming is good for your health.
游泳对健康有好处。
2. Eating too much fast food is not good for you.
吃太多快餐对你的身体不好。
二、作宾语
动名词可以作动词的宾语,表示某种行为或者动作。
例如:
1. I enjoy playing basketball.
我喜欢打篮球。
2. She hates doing housework.
她讨厌做家务。
三、作表语
动名词可以作为系动词的表语,表示主语的身份、职业、爱好等。
例如:
1. My hobby is singing.
我的爱好是唱歌。
2. Her job is teaching.
她的工作是教书。
四、作介词宾语
动名词可以作为介词的宾语,表示动作的目的、原因等。
例如:
1. He went to the park for jogging.
他去公园跑步。
2. She went to the library for studying.
她去图书馆学习。
除了以上四种基本用法外,动名词还可以与情态动词、助动词、感官动词以及某些特定动词组成一些固定的搭配,形成特定的意义。
下面将介绍一些常见的搭配及其用法。
五、与情态动词搭配
1. They should consider giving up smoking.
他们应该考虑戒烟。
2. We must finish writing the report before tomorrow.
我们必须在明天之前完成写报告。
六、与助动词搭配
1. She is always seen walking her dog in the park.
她总是被看到在公园遛狗。
2. They have been practicing speaking English every day.
他们每天都在练习说英语。
七、与感官动词搭配
1. I heard someone singing in the next room.
我听到隔壁房间有人在唱歌。
2. She saw him running towards the bus stop.
她看到他朝公交车站跑去。
八、与特定动词搭配
1. We can't help laughing when we watch that comedy show.
当我们看那个喜剧节目时,我们禁不住笑。
2. They keep practicing playing the piano every day.
他们每天都在坚持练习弹钢琴。
综上所述,动名词非谓语动词的用法十分灵活多样。
无论是作主语、宾语、表语还是介词宾语,动名词都能够准确地表达出相应的意义。
此外,与情态动词、助动词、感官动词以及特定动词搭配使用,更能够形成更为丰富的语义。