MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹(28)
新托福TPO28阅读原文及译文(三)
新托福TPO28阅读原文(三)：Buck Rubs and Buck ScrapesTPO28-3：Buck Rubs and Buck ScrapesA conspicuous sign indicating the presence of white-tailed deer in a woodlot is a buck rub. A male deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. When completed, the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area. A rub is usually located at the shoulder height of a deer (one meter or less above the ground) on a smooth-barked, small-diameter (16-25 millimeters) tree. The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern United States.Adult male deer usually produce rubs in late summer or early autumn when the outer velvet layer is being shed from their antlers. Rubs are created about one to two months before the breeding season (the rut). Hence for a long time biologists believed that male deer used buck rubs not only to clean and polish antlers but also to provide practice for the ensuing male-to-male combat during the rut. However, biologists also noted deer sniff and lick an unfamiliar rub, which suggests that this visual mark on a small tree plays an important communication purpose in the social life of deer.Buck rubs also have a scent produced by glands in the foreheads of deer that is transferred to the tree when the rub is made. These odors make buck rubs an important means of olfactory communication between deer. The importance of olfactory communication (using odors to communicate) in the way of life of deer was documented by a study of captive adult male deer a few decades ago, which noted that males rubbed their foreheads on branches and twigs, especially as autumn approached.A decade later another study reported that adult male white-tailed deer exhibited forehead rubbing just before and during the rut. It was found that when a white-tailed buck makes a rub, it moves both antlers and forehead glands along the small tree in a vertical direction. This forehead rubbing behavior coincides with a high level of glandular activity in the modified scent glands found on the foreheads of male deer; the glandular activity causes the forehead pelage (hairy covering) of adult males to be distinctly darker than in females or younger males.Forehead rubbing by male deer on buck rubs presumably sends a great deal of information to other members of the same species. First, the chemicals deposited on the rub provide information on the individual identity of an animal; no two mammals produce the same scent. For instance, as we all know, dogs recognize each other via smell. Second, because only male deer rub, the buck rub and its associated chemicals indicate the sex of the deer producing the rub. Third, older, more dominant bucks produce more buck rubs and probably deposit more glandular secretions on a given rub. Thus the presence of many well-marked rubs is indicative of older, higher-status males being in the general vicinity rather than simply being a crude measure of relative deer abundance in a given area. The information conveyed by the olfactory signals on a buck rub make it the social equivalent of some auditory signals in other deer species, such as trumpeting by bull elk.Because both sexes of white-tailed respond to buck rubs by smelling and licking them, rubs may serve a very important additional function. Fresher buck rubs (less than two days old), in particular, are visited more frequently by adult females than older rubs. In view of this behavior it has been suggested that chemicals present in fresh buck rubs may help physiologically induce and synchronize fertility in females that visit these rubs. This would be an obvious advantage to wide-ranging deer, especially to a socially dominant buck when courting several adult females during the autumn rut. Another visual signal produced by while-tailed deer is termed a buck scrape. Scrapes consist of a clearing (about 0.5 meter in diameter) and shallow depression made by pushing aside the leaves covering the ground; after making the scrape, the deer typically urinates in the depression. Thus, like a buck rub, a scrape is both a visual and an olfactory signal. Buck scrapes are generally created after leaf-fall in autumn, which is just before or during the rut. Scrapes are usually placed in open or conspicuous places, such as along a deer trail. Most are made by older males, although females and younger males (2.5 years old or less) occasionally make scrapes.TPO28-3译文：雄鹿擦痕与雄鹿窝一个表示白尾鹿在小树林中存在的显著标志是雄鹿擦痕。
MBA联考英语真题及解析
解析：上下文语义+词义辨析在此题中，空格处需要填一个动词的被动语态，同时要搭配后面的“as creepy”(被___当做怪异的)。
因此，结合四个单词的含义，D选项“被误解成为行为怪异的”更符合原文语义要求。
因此D为正确选项。
7. C [A]replaced被替换的 [B]fired被开除的 [C]judged裁定的，评判的 [D]delayed延时的，拖延的解析：上下文语义+词义辨析本句中，考查咱们“fear”的情形是被____. 结合上下文语义和选项含义，咱们能够直接排除掉B和D,这两项与“坐地铁”无关。
符合原文含义的是D，咱们可怕被“评判”。
因此C为正确选项。
8. D [A]unreasonable不合理的，不符合实际的 [B] ungrateful忘恩负义的，不承情的 [C]unconventional非传统的，不合老例的[D]unfamiliar不熟悉的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析此题考查形容词的辨析。
四个选项本身没有难度。
做形容词这一类题要注意它修饰的成份是什么。
本句是一个较简单的主系表结构，主语是“strangers”，空格处让咱们填表语，修饰的是strangers,因此，依照语义，应该选择D选项“不熟悉的”，译为“生疏人本身对咱们来讲确实是不太熟悉的”。
因此D为正确选项。
9. C [A]comfortable 舒适的，丰裕的[B]confident自信的，有信心的[C]anxious忧虑的， [D]angry动气的，愤怒的解析：上下文语义+形容词辨析此题结合前半句的含义，“生疏人本身对咱们来讲确实是不太熟悉的”，因此，人们在和生疏人交流的时候会更___。
咱们要选择一个形容词来修饰与生疏人交流时候的心情，结合四个单词含义，C“忧虑的”更符合这种交流心境。
因此C为正确选项。
[A]attend 出席，参加[B]point指出，朝向，对准[C]take 拿，带 [D]turn 翻转，旋转,转移解析：动词搭配。
MBA联考英语阅读解析真题汇编
MBA联考英语阅读解析2013 真题Text 1In an essay, entitled “Making It in America,” in the latest issue of The Atlantic, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and sagging middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the quantum advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra — their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is theirfield of employment. Average is over.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. As they say, if horses could have voted, there never would have been cars. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs- about 6 million intotal- disappeared.”There will always be change-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average. Here are the latest unemployment rates from the Bureau of Labor Statistics for Americans over 25 years old: those with less than a high school degree, 13.8 percent; those with a high school degree and no college, 8.7 percent; those with some college or associate degree, 7.7 percent; and those with bachelor’s degree or higher, 4.1 percent.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress (support) employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American hasaccess to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate _________[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes【分析】第一段第二行指出笑话是关于纺织厂自动化程度的，后一句具体说明了笑话的内容：工厂平均每天只有两个人，一人一狗。
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹(5)
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹（5）Passage five(Meditation in Indonesian Business)It looked like a typical business meeting. Six men, neatly dressed in white shirts and ties filed into the boardroom of a small Jakarta company and sat down at a long table. But instead of consulting files or hearing reports, they closed their eyes and began to meditate, consulting the spirits of ancient Javanese kings. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception. One of the meditators said his weekly meditation sessions are aimed mainly at bringing the peace of mind that makes for good decision-making. But the insight gained from mystic communication with spirits of wise kings has also helped boost the profits of his five companies.Mysticism and profits have come together since the 13th century introduction of Islam to Indonesia by Indian Moslem merchants. Those devout traders, called …Wali Ullah‟ or …those close to God, ‟ energetically spread both trade and religion by adapting their appeals to the native mysticism of Java. Legends attribute magic power of foreknowledge to the Wali Ullah. These powers were believed to be gained through meditation and fasting.Businessman Hadisiko said his group fasts and meditates all night every Thursday to become closer to God and to contact the spirits of the great men of the past. …If we want to employ someone at the managerial level, we meditate together and often the message comes that this man can‟t hole onto money or he is untrustworthy. Or maybe the s pirits will tell us he should be hired.‟Hadiziko hastened to add that his companies also hold modern personnel management systems and that formal qualifications are essential for a candidate even to be considered. Perspective investments also are conside red through mystic meditation. …With the mind relaxed and open, it is easier to be objective in judging the risk of a new venture. Meditation and contact with the wisdom of the old leaders sharpens your own insight and intuition. Then you have to apply that intuition to the information you have and workhard to be successful. ‟ Mystic meditation helped reverse a business slide his companies experienced in the mid-1980. Operating with normal business procedures, he lost more than $ 3 millions in that year alone. Meditation brought back his peace of mind. Putting the right persons in the right jobs and gaining confidence in his business decisions were the keys to a turning around that has brought expansion and profitability. The mysticism in Handspike‟s boardr oom is part of a growing movement in Indonesia called Kebatinan –the …search for the inner self.‟One of his managers, Yusuf Soemado, who studied business administration at Harvard University, compared the idea of mystic management to western system of positive thinking. …Willpower and subconscious mind are recognized as important factors in business. Such approaches as psycho-cybernetics, Carnegie‟s think and growth rates, or the power of positive thinking are western attempts to tap the same higher in telligence that we contact through meditation,‟ he said.1. What is the most important factor in their doing business?[A] Mysticism.[B] Religion.[C] Meditation.[D] Investment.2. Whom do they consult?[A] The spirits of ancient Javanese kings.[B] Wali Ullah.[C] Old Kings.[D] Carnegie.3. Why did Hadisike hasten to add …his companies also hold modern personnel management systems…‟?[A] He thought Mysticism was not so good as expected.[B] To show they too focused on qualifications.[C] To show they hired qualified persons.[D] To show the possibility of combination of the scientific management with religion.4. According to the passage, the function of the meditation is[A] to gain profit from the god.[B] to gain peace of mind to make decision.[C] to gain foreknowledge.[D] to gain objective conclusion.5. What does …operating with normal business procedures‟ refer to?[A] Adopting the western way of doing business.[B] Ordinary way of doing business without meditation and fasting.[C] Contact with God.[D] Putting right persons in the right jobs.V ocabulary1. file into 鱼贯而入，排队进去2. Jakarta 雅加达3. meditate 沉思，冥想，反省4. Java 爪哇5. Javanese 爪哇的6. mysticism 神秘主义7. boost 促进，增加，提高8. devout 虔诚的，热诚的9. appeal (to) 向……呼吁，求助于，魅力10. legend 传说，神话11. fasting 禁食，斋戒12. hold onto 抓紧，保住13. personnel management system 人事管理制度14. perspective investment 远景投资15. venture （商业）投机，风险16. sharpen 使……敏锐/尖锐，磨尖17. business slide 买卖/企业滑坡，下滑18. turn around （生意）好转，转变19. subconscious 下意识的，潜意识的20. cybernetics 控制论21. Carnegie 卡耐基22. tap 开拓，选择难句译注1. Mysticism touches almost every aspect of life in Indonesia and business is no exception.【参考译文】在印尼神秘主义似乎涉及到印尼生活的各个方面，商业也不例外。
2014高考英语阅读理解训练题(28)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解抓分训练题（28）及答案阅读理解Dear Malia and Sasha，I know that you've both had a lot of fun these last two years on the campaign trail, going to picnics and parades and state fairs, eating all sorts of junk food your mother and I probably shouldn’t have let you have。
But I also know that it hasn't always been easy for you and Mom, and that as excited as you both are about that new puppy, it doesn’t make up for all the time we’ve been apart。
I know how much I've missed these past two years, and today I want to tell you a little more about why I decided to take our family on this journey。
When I was a young man，I thought life was all about me—about how I’d make my way in the world，become successful, and get the things I want. But then the two of you came into my world with all your curiosity and mischief and those smiles that never fail to fill my heart and light up my day。
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹(32)
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹（32）Passage Thirty Two(Religion and Rationality)Yet the difference in tome and language must strike us, so soon as it is philosophy that speaks: that change should remind us that even if the function of religion and that of reason coincide, this function is performed in the two cases by very different organs. Religions are many, reason one. Religion consists of conscious ideas, hopes, enthusiasms, and objects of worship; it operates by grace and flourishes by prayer. Reason, on the other hand, is a mere principle or potential order, on which indeed we may come to reflect but which exists in us ideally only, without variation or stress of any kind. We conform or do not conform to it; it does not urge or chide us, not call for any emotions on our part other than those naturally aroused by the various objects which it unfolds in their true nature and proportion. Religion brings some order into life by weighting it with new materials. Reason adds to the natural materials only the perfect order which it introduces into them. Rationality is nothing but a form, an ideal constitution which experience may more or less embody. Religion is a part of experience itself, a mass of sentiments and ideas. The one is an inviolate principle, the other a changing and struggling force. And yet this struggling and changing force of religion seems to direct man toward something eternal. It seems to make for an ultimate harmony within the soul and for an ultimate harmony between the soul and all that the soul depends upon. Religion, in its intent, is a more conscious and direct pursuit of the Life of Reason than is society, science, or art, for these approach and fill out the ideal life tentatively and piecemeal, hardly regarding the foal or caring for the ultimate justification of the instinctive aims. Religion also has an instinctive and blind side and bubbles up in all manner of chance practices and intuitions; soon, however, it feels its way toward the heart of things, and from whatever quarter it may come, veers in the direction of the ultimate.Nevertheless, we must confess that this religious pursuit of the Life of Reason has been singularly abortive. Those within the pale of each religion may prevail uponthemselves, to express satisfaction with its results, thanks to a fond partiality in reading the past and generous draughts of hope for the future; but any one regarding the various religions at once and comparing their achievements with what reason requires, must feel how terrible is the disappointment which they have one and all prepared for mankind. Their chief anxiety has been to offer imaginary remedies for mortal ills, some of which are incurable essentially, while others might have been really cured by well-directed effort. The Greed oracles, for instance, pretended to heal out natural ignorance, which has its appropriate though difficult cure, while the Christian vision of heaven pretended to be an antidote to our natural death—the inevitable correlate of birth and of a changing and conditioned existence. By methods of this sort little can be done for the real betterment of life. To confuse intelligence and dislocate sentiment by gratuitous fictions is a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness. Nature is soon avenged. An unhealthy exaltation and a one-sided morality have to be followed by regrettable reactions. When these come. The real rewards of life may seem vain to a relaxed vitality, and the very name of virtue may irritate young spirits untrained in and natural excellence. Thus religion too often debauches the morality it comes to sanction and impedes the science it ought to fulfill.What is the secret of this ineptitude? Why does religion, so near to rationality in its purpose, fall so short of it in its results? The answer is easy; religion pursues rationality through the imagination. When it explains events or assigns causes, it is an imaginative substitute for science. When it gives precepts, insinuates ideals, or remoulds aspiration, it is an imaginative substitute for wisdom—I mean for the deliberate and impartial pursuit of all food. The condition and the aims of life are both represented in religion poetically, but this poetry tends to arrogate to itself literal truth and moral authority, neither of which it possesses. Hence the depth and importance of religion becomes intelligible no less than its contradictions and practical disasters. Its object is the same as that of reason, but its method is to proceed by intuition and by unchecked poetical conceits.1. As used in the passage, the au thor would define “wisdom” as[A]. the pursuit of rationality through imagination.[B]. an unemotional search for the truth.[C]. a purposeful and unbiased quest for what is best.[D]. a short-sighted way of pursuing happiness2. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?[A]. Religion seeks the truth through imagination, reason, in its search, utilizes the emotions.[B]. Religion has proved an ineffective tool in solving man’s problems.[C]. Science seeks a piece meal solution to man’s question s.[D]. The functions of philosophy and reason are the same.3. According to the author, science differs from religion in that[A]. it is unaware of ultimate goals. [B]. it is unimaginative.[C]. its findings are exact and final. [D]. it resembles society and art.4. The author states that religion differs from rationality in that[A]. it relies on intuition rather than reasoning .[B]. it is not concerned with the ultimate justification of its instinctive aims.[C]. it has disappointed mankind.[D]. it has inspired mankind.5. According to the author, the pursuit of religion has proved to be[A]. imaginative. [B]. a provider of hope for the future.[C]. a highly intellectual activity [D]. ineffectual.V ocabulary1. grace 恩赐，仁慈，感化，感思祷告2. chide 责备3. sentiment 情感4. inviolate 不受侵犯的，纯洁的5. intent 意义，含义6. piecemeal 一件件，逐渐的，零碎的7. bubble up 起泡，沸腾，兴奋8. veer 改变方向，转向9. abortive 夭折的，失败的，中断的，流产的。
MBA(英语)阅读理解练习试卷26(题后含答案及解析)
MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷26(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.In 1985, the Coca-Cola company made the decision to change the formula(配方) of its leading soft drink. The change was based on the findings of many market studies. These studies had shown that the general response to the new product was good. However, the change of the traditional. Coca-Cola by New Coke was rejected by the majority of drinkers. In fact, the company had to step back and restart production of the old formula of Coca-Cola. The most important reason why New Coke was rejected was the emotional relationship that existed between drinkers and the old soft drink formula, Drinking Coca-Cola had become a tradition for many people over its 99 years of existence. The change made by the company was not only in Coke’s formula but also in the traditional values and memories that it represented to the drinkers. “We had taken away more than the product Coca-Cola. We had taken away a little part of them and their past”. The drinkers rejected this “improvement” because “they believed that Coke stood for traditional value,…so they felt betrayed when the product changed completely overnight”. Although a lot of research was done by Coca-Cola company, it didn’t show the depth of drinkers’emotion for the product. The studies took many forms, but none of the tests was able to measure the degree of personal and emotional reactions caused by the disappearance of the old, traditional Coca-Cola. The weakness of the research was that it was mainly quantitative in form. The result was only numbers that could not show the deep meaning the product had for many people. A more extensive study focusing on the qualitative aspects of the change would perhaps have been able to demonstrate the close relationship existing between drinkers and product.1．Coca-Cola company changed the formula in 1985 because ______.A．it was rejected by the majority of drinkersB．its market studies supported the change in the formulaC．it carried out many market research for expansionD．it simply felt the need to make the change正确答案：B解析：答案见第一殴第二行中“The change was based on the findings of many market studies．These studies had shown that the general response to the new product was good”两句。
MBA(英语)阅读理解练习试卷27(题后含答案及解析)
MBA（英语）阅读理解练习试卷27(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.Marriage guidance counsellors never stop hearing it. “He (or she) never listens,”warring couples complain, again and again, as if they were chanting a mantra(吟颂祷文) . And it is the same at work. Bosses say it of executives they are displeased with, and the executives return the compliment with interest when complaining about their bosses. Customers say it about suppliers who have cocked up, and suppliers—having patiently explained why on this occasion they cannot provide exactly what is wanted—say the same about their customers. Like married couples, we all shout the accusation at others, pretending that we ourselves are faultless. Yet in our hearts we know many of the mistakes we make come about because we haven’t listened sufficiently carefully. We get things wrong because we haven’t quite understood what was wanted, or haven’t sussed out(推断出) the implications of what we were told. Anyone who has ever written the minutes of a long meeting will know how hard it is to remember—even with the benefit of notes—exactly what everyone said and, more importantly, exactly what everyone meant. But success depends on getting things right and that means listening; listening, listening, listening. Hearing is not listening. Listening is not a passive activity. It is hard work. It demands attention and concentration. It may mean probing the speaker for additional information. If you allow your mind to wander, even for a few minutes, you’ll naturally miss what the speaker is saying—probably at the very moment when the speaker is saying something crucial. But not having heard, you won’t know you’ve missed. Until too late. The most common bad habit we all have is to start thinking of what we are going to say long before the other speaker has finished. Then we stop listening. Worse still, this often adds rudeness to inattentiveness, as once you have determined what you intend to say there is a fair chance you will rudely butt in on the other person to say it. The American wit Letitia Baldridge quipped: “Good listeners don’t interrupt ever—unless the building’s on fire.” It’s a good rule of thumb. One of the key ways to improve your listening ability is by learning to keep a wary eye on the speakers’ body language. The ways people move and position themselves while they are speaking can reveal a great deal about what they are saying. Being a good listener involves being a good watcher: eyes and ears must go hand in hand. For example, people who cover up their mouths with their hands while they are speaking are usually betraying insecurity, and may well be lying. When people rub their noses, it generally indicates they are puzzled; when they shrug their shoulders they are indifferent; when they hug themselves they are feeling threatened. If they are smiling as they speak they want you to feel the message is friendly, even if its content sounds hostile. On the other hand, if they are clenching their fists and drumming their fingers they may be restraining their anger, and may be much more furious than their words suggest. The American psychologist Robert C. Beck, who has specialized in research into how people can teach themselves to be better listeners, offers thefollowing half-dozen rules for self-improvement. Be patient—accept that many people are not very good communicators, encourage them to make things crystal clear, and don’t interrupt impatiently or jump to conclusions. Be empathetic—put yourself in the other person’s shoes, both intellectually and emotionally; it will help you understand what they are getting at. Don’t be too clever—faced with a know-all, many people become silent, either because they don’t want to look foolish .or because they see no point in bothering to continue. Use self-disclosure —admitting to your own problems and difficulties, and to your own mistakes, will encourage people to speak openly and honestly about theirs. Ask for explanations —get people to explain points or words you have not fully understood; it is always better to ask than to press on regardless—and then get things wrong. Ask “opening up” questions—these are gentle, unthreatening and open-ended; they cannot be answered with a mere “yes” or “no” and should provide no clues as to the answer the questioner might want to hear. Finally, it is almost always worth summing up the gist of what you have just been told, as quickly and briefly as you can, before the discussion ends. Nobody is ever offended by having what they have just said repeated to them. It ensures you have listened accurately and grasped the correct messages. If things go pear-shaped thereafter, at least the pears can’t be dumped on your doorstep.1．When people say “He (or She) never listens,” they ______.A．mean they cannot obtain what they wantB．mean that he/she should take the blameC．are really displeased with him/herD．feel regretful at his/her behaviour正确答案：B解析：选项A、D明显不是答案，C受系动词are和题干中they的限制，也不合理。
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹(31)
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹（31）Passage Thirty One (The Affect of Electricity on Cancer)Can electricity cause cancer? In a society that literally runs on electric power, the very idea seems preposterous. But for more than a decade, a growing band of scientists and journalists has pointed to studies that seem to link exposure to electromagnetic fields with increased risk of leukemia and other malignancies. The implications are unsettling, to say the least, since everyone comes into contact with such fields, which are generated by everything electrical, from power lines and antennas to personal computers and micro-wave ovens. Because evidence on the subject is inconclusive and often contradictory, it has been hard to decide whether concern about the health effects of electricity is legitimate—or the worst kind of paranoia.Now the alarmists have gained some qualified support from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In the executive summary of a new scientific review, released in draft form late last week, the EPA has put forward what amounts to the most serious government warning to date. The agency tentatively concludes that scientific evidence “suggests a casual link” between extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields—those having very longwave-lengths—and leukemia, lymphoma and brain cancer, While the report falls short of classifying ELF fields as probable carcinogens, it does identify the common 60-hertz magnetic field as “a possible, but not proven, cause of cancer in humans.”The report is no reason to panic—or even to lost sleep. If there is a cancer risk, it is a small one. The evidence is still so controversial that the draft stirred a great deal of debate within the Bush Administration, and the EPA released it over strong objections from the Pentagon and the Whit House. But now no one can deny that the issue must be taken seriously and that much more research is needed.At the heart of the debate is a simple and well-understood physical phenomenon: When an electric current passes through a wire, tit generates an electromagnetic fieldthat exerts forces on surrounding objects, For many years, scientists dismissed any suggestion that such forces might be harmful, primarily because they are so extraordinarily weak. The ELF magnetic field generated by a video terminal measures only a few milligauss, or about one-hundredth the strength of the earth’s own magnetic field, The electric fields surrounding a power line can be as high as 10 kilovolts per meter, but the corresponding field induced in human cells will be only about 1 millivolt per meter. This is far less than the electric fields that the cells themselves generate.How could such minuscule forces pose a health danger? The consensus used to be that they could not, and for decades scientists concentrated on more powerful kinds of radiation, like X-rays, that pack sufficient wallop to knock electrons out of the molecules that make up the human body. Such “ionizing” radiations have been clearly linked to increased cancer risks and there are regulations to control emissions.But epidemiological studies, which find statistical associations between sets of data, do not prove cause and effect. Though there is a body of laboratory work showing that exposure to ELF fields can have biological effects on animal tissues, a mechanism by which those effects could lead to cancerous growths has never been found.The Pentagon is for from persuaded. In a blistering 33-page critique of the EPA report, Air Force scientists charge its authors with having “biased the entire document” toward proving a link. “Our reviewers are convinced that there is no suggestion that (electromagnetic fields) present in the environment induce or promote cancer,” the Air Force concludes. “It is astonishing that the EPA would lend its impr imatur on this report.” Then Pentagon’s concern is understandable. There is hardly a unit of the modern military that does not depend on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment, from huge ground-based radar towers to the defense systems built into every warship and plane.1. The main idea of this passage is[A]. studies on the cause of cancer[B]. controversial view-points in the cause of cancer[C]. the relationship between electricity and cancer.[D]. different ideas about the effect of electricity on caner.2. The view-point of the EPA is[A]. there is casual link between electricity and cancer.[B]. electricity really affects cancer.[C]. controversial.[D].low frequency electromagnetic field is a possible cause of cancer3. Why did the Pentagon and Whit House object to the release of the report? Because[A]. it may stir a great deal of debate among the Bush Administration.[B]. every unit of the modern military has depended on the heavy use of some kind of electronic equipment.[C]. the Pentagon’s concern was understandable.[D]. they had different arguments.4. It can be inferred from physical phenomenon[A]. the force of the electromagnetic field is too weak to be harmful.[B]. the force of the electromagnetic field is weaker than the electric field that the cells generate.[C]. electromagnetic field may affect health.[D]. only more powerful radiation can knock electron out of human body.5. What do you think ordinary citizens may do after reading the different arguments?[A].They are indifferent. [B]. They are worried very much.[C]. The may exercise prudent avoidance. [C]. They are shocked.V ocabulary1. preposterous 反常的，十分荒谬的，乖戾的2. leukemia 白血病3. malignancy 恶性肿瘤4. legitimate 合法的，合理的5. paranoia 偏执狂，妄想狂。
MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹(21)
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
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MBA英语阅读精讲汇粹（28）Passage Twenty Eight (The Improving Economic Situation In Greece)Greece, economically, is in the black. With very little to export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from …invisible earn ings‟ to pay for its needed, growing imports. From the sending out of things the Greeks, earn only $285 million; from tourism, shipping and the remittances of Greeks abroad, the country takes in an additional #375 million and this washes out the almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.It has a balanced budget. Although more than one drachma out of four goes for defense, the government ended a recent year with a slight surplus -- $66 million. Greece has a decent reserve of almost a third of a billion dollars in gold and foreign exchange. It has a government not dependent on coalescing incompatible parties to obtain parliamentary majorities.In thus summarizing a few happy highlights, I don‟t mean to minimize the vast extent of Greece‟s proble ms. It is the poorest country by a wide margin in Free Europe, and poverty is widespread. At best an annual income of $60 to $70 is the lot of many a peasant, and substantial unemployment plagues the countryside, cities, and towns of Greece. There are few natural resources on which to build any substantial industrial base. Some years ago I wrote here:“Greek statesmanship will have to create an atmosphere in which home and foreign savings will willingly seek investment opportunities in the back ward economy of Greece. So far, most American and other foreign attempt have bogged down in the Greek government‟s red tape and shrewdness about small points.”Great strides have been made. As far back as 1956, expanding tourism seemed a logical way to bring needed foreign currencies and additional jobs to Greece. At that time I talked with the Hilton Hotel people, who had been examining hotel possibilities, and to the Greek government division responsible for this area of the economy. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.Today most of the incredibly varied, beautiful, historical sights of Greece have new, if in many cases modest, tourist facilities. Tourism itself has jumped from approximately $31 million to over $90 million. There is both a magnificent new Hilton Hotel in Athens and a completely modernized, greatly expanded Grande Bretagne, as well as other first-rate new hotels. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris or Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic-choked streets of either.1. The title below that best expresses the ideas of this passage is[A] Greek income and expenditures.[B] The improving economic situation in Greece.[C] The value of tourism.[D] Military expenditures.2. Many peasants earn less than[A] $60 a week.[B] $2 a week.[C] $1 a day.[D] $10 a month.3. The Greek Government spends[A] more than 25%of its budget on military terms.[B] More than its collects.[C] A third of a billion dollars in gold.[D] Less than 25% of its budget on military terms.4. According to the passage, Greece has[A] a dictatorship.[B] a monarchy.[C] a single majority party.[D] too much red tape.5. Greece imports annually goods and materials[A] totaling almost $700 million.[B] that balance exports.[C] that are paid by tourists.[D] costing $66 million.V ocabulary1. remittance 汇款（额）2. wash out 洗掉，取消、告吹、冲掉、筋疲力尽3. drachma 古希腊银币德拉克马（现代希腊货币单位）4. lot 份额5. incompatible 水火不相容的，不能共存的6. coalesce （政党）联合，愈合，接合7. highlight 光线最强处，最重要部分，最精彩场面8. margin （成本和售价的）差额，空白，边缘9. bog down 陷于困境，使停顿10. red tape 官样文章，烦琐和拖拉的公务程序11. shrewdness 清明，机灵12. deadlock 僵局，僵持；使陷于僵局难句译注1. Greece, economically is in the black.【参考译文】希腊经济上说是赢利/富裕的2. With very little export other than such farm products as tobacco, cotton and fruit, the country earns enough from invisible earnings to pay its needed, growing imports. 【参考译文】除了农产品，如烟草、棉花和水果之外，希腊没有什么出口货，但它从“无形的收益”中挣不少，足够致富所需的一切――日益增长的进口货。
3. This washes out almost $400 million by which imports exceed exports.【参考译文】这笔钱冲掉了进口超过出口近4亿美元的差额。
4. So far most American and other foreign attempts have bogged down in the Greek government‟s red tape and shrewdness about small points.【参考译文】到目前为止由于希腊政府那种繁琐而又拖拉的公务程序和对小事的精明，大多数美国和其他国家的尝试的工作都陷入困境。
5. They were hopelessly deadlocked in almost total differences of opinion and outlook.【参考译文】他们绝望地陷于意见和观点完全分歧的僵局之中。
6. And the advent of jets has made Athens as accessible as Paris and Rome – without the sky-high prices of traffic chocked streets of either.【参考译文】喷气式飞机的发展使雅典和巴黎、罗马一样很容易到达，却没有那两个城市的交通堵塞的接到的高昂代价。