机械加工机械图纸常用词汇

第1章切削加工基础知识

1.1切削加工概述

切削cutting;

加工machining;

金属切削metal cutting (metal removal);

金属切削工艺metal-removal process;

金属工艺学technology of metals;

机器制造machine-building;

机械加工machining;

冷加工cold machining；

热加工hot working;

工件workpiece;

切屑chip;

常见的加工方法universal machining method; 钻削drilling;

镗削boring;

车削turning；

磨削 grinding;

铣削milling;

刨削planning;

插削slotting ;

锉filing ;

划线lineation;

錾切carving;

锯sawing;

刮削facing;

钻孔boring;

攻丝tap;

1.2零件表面构成及成形方法

变形力deforming force;

变形deformation;

几何形状geometrical;

尺寸dimension ;

精度precision;

表面光洁度surface finish;

共轭曲线conjugate curve;

范成法generation method;

轴shaft;

1.3机床的切削运动及切削要素

主运动main movement;

主运动方向direction of main movement; 进给方向direction of feed;

进给运动feed movement;

合成进给运动resultant movement of feed;

合成切削运动resultant movement of cutting;

合成切削运动方向direction of resultant movement of cutting ;

切削速度cutting speed;

传动drive/transmission;

切削用量cutting parameters;

切削速度cutting speed;

切削深度depth of cut;

进给速度feed force;

切削功率cutting power;

1.4金属切削刀具

合金工具钢alloy tool steel;

高速钢high-speed steel;

硬质合金hard alloy;

易加工ease of manufacturing ;

切削刀具cutting tool;

刀具cutter;

车刀lathe tool;

主切削刃main cutting edge;

副切削刃assistant cutting edge;

刀体tool body ;

刀柄tool shank;

前刀面rake face;

主后刀面major flank;

刀尖nose of tool;

主剖面系tool orthogonal plane system;

切削平面tool cutting edge plane;

主剖面tool orthogonal plane;

切削宽度width of the uncut chip;

进给平面系assumed working plane system; 加工表面transient surface;

前角rake angle;

后角clearance angle;

主偏角tool cutting edge angle;

刀尖角nose angle;

1.5刀具切削过程及磨削机理

塑性变形plastic distortion;

微观组织，显微结构microstructure ; 切削力cutting force;

切削温度cutting temperature;

积屑瘤built-up edge;

刀尖磨损nose wear;

月牙洼crater;

残留应力 residual stress;

应力stress;

硬度rigidity;

磨削grinding;

砂轮grinding wheel;

磨粒grain;

剪切shear;

摩擦friction;

内力internal force ;

1.6~1.8 切削加工质量、材料的切削加工性、切削液的选择

加工精度machining accuracy;

表面质量surface finish;

工艺性能technological performance;

材料切削加工性指标machinability index of material;

切削液cutting fluid ;

切削油cutting oil;

1.9 件的装夹及夹具

定位梢dowel;

定位allocation;

机床夹具jig;

组装线Assembly line;

机械零件mechanical parts;

钳工locksmith；

精加工finish machining;

粗加工rough machining;

气动夹紧pneuma-lock;

同心，同心度concentricity ;

垂直度perpendicular;

基准benchmark;

基准线reference line;

夹具 fixture;

通用夹具universal fixture;

专用夹具Fixture for special purpose;

可调夹具adjustable fixture;

组合夹具modular fixture;

工序process;

设计基准designing datum;

工艺基准datum features in process;

1.10 金属切削机床

机床machine tool;

机床运动motion of machine;

机床型号machine tool model;

机床加工精度machining accuracy of machine tool;

车床lathe;

普通车床engine lathe;

卧式车床horizontal lathe;

立式车床vertical lathe;

钻床drill press;

镗床boring machine;

铣床milling machine;

磨床grinder（grinding machine）;

牛头刨床shaper;

龙门刨床planer;

插床slotting machine（slotter）;

第2章常用加工方法综述及加工方案选择

一、车削

车削turning;

车刀lathe tool ;

车床lathe ;

普通车床engine lathe;

卧式车床horizontal lathe;

立式车床vertical lathe;

仿形车床duplicating lathe (copy lathe); 转塔车床turret lathe;

细长轴long slender shaft

纵向车削straight turning;

锥体车削taper turning;

仿形车削contour turning;

端面车削facing;

回转表面surface of revolution;

平面flat surface;

圆面round surface ;

仿形表面contoured surface ;

退刀槽recess ;

卡盘chuck;

尾架tailstock;

床头箱，主轴箱headstock;

销pin;

卡箍bar clasp;

花盘faceplate;

主轴spindle;

二、钻削

钻削drilling;

钻床drill press;

钻头drill;

锪孔counter boring;

内表面internal surface ;

铰孔、扩孔reaming;

攻丝tapping;

孔加工spot facing machining; 铰ream;

铰刀reamer;

盲孔blind hole;

麻花钻twist drill;

埋头孔countersink;

锥柄taper shank;

三、镗削

镗削bore;

镗床boring machine;

镗杆boring bar ;

纵向镗削straight boring;

表面光洁度surface finish;

卧式镗孔机horizontal boring machine;

四、铣削

铣削mill;

铣床milling machine ;

铣刀milling cutter;

缝Slot ;

槽groove;

平面flat surface;

圆面round surface ;

仿形表面contoured surface;

周铣Peripheral milling ;

端铣face milling; multi model miller; 靠模铣床; copy milling machine;

仿形铣床; contouring machine;

五、磨削

磨削grinding;

磨床grinder（grinding machine）;

外圆磨削external grinding;

内圆磨削internal grinding(cylindrical grinding); 平面磨削plane grinding abrasive;

外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine;

平面磨床surface grinder;

外圆磨床cylindrical grinding machine ;

内圆磨床internal cylindrical machine;

成形磨床form grinding machine;

仿形磨床copy grinding machine ;

万能工具磨床universal tool grinding machine;

六、拉削

拉削broaching;

拉床broaching machine;

拉刀broaching tool;

外表面拉削external surface broaching;

内表面拉削internal surface broaching;

多功能机床multifunction machine;

多齿刀具multitooth tool;

切屑槽chip gullet;

七、刨削

刨削planning;

牛头刨床shaper;

龙门刨床planer;

龙门刨削planning;

旋臂刨床radial drilling machine ;

仿形刨床copy shaping machine;

八、齿轮加工

齿轮加工gear machining;

齿轮gear;

滚齿gear hobbing;

滚齿刀hobbing cutter;

直齿圆柱齿轮straight toothed spur gear;

斜齿圆柱齿轮helical-spur gear;

直齿锥齿轮straight bevel gear ;

齿轮齿条pinion and rack;

蜗杆蜗轮worm and worm gear;

九、螺纹加工

螺纹加工thread machining;

螺纹切削thread cutting;

攻丝tapping;

丝锥tap;

板牙die;

螺钉screw;

标准件standard component;

位移displacement ;

截面section;

十、光整加工

光整加工micro finishing;

研磨mull (lapping);

研磨剂lapping compound;

研磨膏paste;

研磨机床lapping machine

抛光polishing ;

抛光膏buffing cream;

抛光轮polishing wheel;

抛光机polisher ;

珩磨honing ;

珩磨轮honing wheel;

珩磨机床honing machine;

超精加工机床superfinishing machine; 超精加工superfinish;

第3章机械加工工艺过程

机械加工工艺过程machining process; 工步step of an operation;

工位work station;

工序process;

工艺文件manufacturing process document; 工艺卡片technological card;

工艺规程process plan;

机械加工工艺卡machining process sheet; 工艺设计technological design;

设计基准designing datum;

工艺基准datum features in process;

基准重合consistency of datum feature;

基面统一原则unified datum principle;

机械加工工序卡machining operation sheet; 工艺过程设计process planning;;

工艺路线process route;

工艺过程卡process sheet;

产品规格product specification;