百科知识英美文化
高中英语必修——英美文学与文化知识
高中英语必修——英美文学与文化知识高中英语的必修课程中，英美文学与文化知识是一个非常重要的部分。
对于英语学习者来说，通过了解英美文学经典作品和相关的文化背景，可以更好地理解和掌握英语语言，同时也可以拓展自己的文化视野与知识面。
从文学角度来看，英美文学的历史可以追溯到中世纪，经历了文艺复兴、启蒙运动、浪漫主义、现代主义等历史时期，涵盖了众多优秀的文学作品和代表性的作家。
在高中英语课程中，我们将接触到一些著名的文学作品，如莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》、狄更斯的《双城记》、雨果的《悲惨世界》、奥威尔的《动物农场》等。
通过阅读这些作品，我们可以感受到不同时期的文学风格、主题和情感，领略到不同作家的思想、文化背景和才华。
此外，对于英美文学中的一些重要概念和文化现象也是需要了解的。
比如，布莱克的“天真诗派”以及其对浪漫主义文学的影响，爱默生的“个人主义”思想以及其对美国文化的影响，托马斯·金的“荒野”概念以及其与美国文化和民族精神的关系，还有一些与社会、政治、宗教等相关的文化现象和历史事件，如美国独立战争、南北战争、黑人奴隶制度、麦卡锡主义等。
理解这些文化现象，可以帮助我们更好地把握作品中的文化背景和内涵，在阅读和交流中更灵活自如地应用英语。
除了文学与文化的联系，英美文学也是英美文化中的重要组成部分之一。
通过了解英美文学的经典作品和文化背景，我们可以深入了解英美文化的特点、价值观和品质，比如英国的文化传统、美国的民主自由、个人主义和多元文化等。
这些文化特点和价值观不仅影响了当地的文艺创作和思想发展，而且也对世界各国的文学和文化产生了深远的影响。
如莎士比亚作为英国文学的代表人物，其作品不仅享誉英美，而且也被翻译成多种语言在全世界广泛传播。
此外，美国文化也是英美文学中的重要组成部分，如霍桑的《红字》、华盛顿·欧文的《神奇的旅程》等，都反映了美国文化的某些方面，同时也带动了美国文化在世界范围内的传播和影响。
英美文化知识点总结高中
英美文化知识点总结高中Culture is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses a wide range of beliefs, customs, traditions, and practices that are shared by a group of people. British and American culture are two of the most influential and widely studied cultures in the world, with a rich history and diverse traditions that have developed over centuries. In this summary, we will explore various aspects of British and American culture, including language, literature, music, food, holidays, and values, to provide a comprehensive overview of these two fascinating cultures.LanguageThe English language is a central component of both British and American culture, and it has had a profound impact on the global stage. While both countries primarily speak English, there are noticeable differences between British English and American English in terms of pronunciation, vocabulary, and spelling. For example, Americans use the word "elevator" to refer to a vertical transportation device, while the British use the word "lift." Additionally, Americans spell words like "color" and "center," while the British use "colour" and "centre." These differences highlight the diverse linguistic influences that have shaped English in both countries over time.LiteratureBritish and American literature have made significant contributions to the global literary canon, with writers from both countries producing enduring works that have left a lasting impact on literature. British literature boasts a rich history that includes iconic figures such as William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, Charles Dickens, and Virginia Woolf. Their works have become timeless classics that continue to be studied and celebrated around the world. American literature, on the other hand, has been shaped by influential writers like Mark Twain, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, and Toni Morrison, whose novels and stories have played a vital role in shaping the American literary tradition. Both British and American literature provide valuable insights into the cultural, social, and historical contexts that have shaped these two nations.MusicMusic is an integral part of both British and American culture, with each country contributing significantly to the global music industry. British music has been particularly influential, with iconic bands such as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Queen making a lasting impact on popular music. The UK has also been home to various musical movements, from the British Invasion of the 1960s to the punk and Britpop scenes of later decades. In the United States, music has played a crucial role in shaping popular culture, with genres such as jazz, blues, rock and roll, and hip-hop emerging as distinctive American contributions to the world of music. American musicians such as Elvis Presley, MichaelJackson, and Madonna have achieved immense success and have had a profound influence on global music trends.FoodBritish and American cuisine reflect the diverse culinary traditions that have developed in each country over time. British food is often associated with hearty, traditional dishes such as fish and chips, bangers and mash, and roast beef with Yorkshire pudding. The UK is also known for its love of tea, with the traditional afternoon tea being a quintessentially British custom. In contrast, American cuisine is characterized by a wide range of influences, including Native American, European, African, and Asian culinary traditions. Foods such as hamburgers, hot dogs, apple pie, and barbecue have become iconic American dishes that are enjoyed both domestically and internationally.HolidaysHolidays are an integral part of both British and American cultures, providing opportunities for people to come together, celebrate, and participate in various traditions and festivities. In Britain, holidays such as Christmas, Easter, and Guy Fawkes Night are widely celebrated, with each holiday having its own unique customs and rituals. In the United States, holidays such as Thanksgiving, Independence Day, and Halloween are significant, with each one holding special meaning and cultural significance for Americans.ValuesBritish and American cultures are shaped by a set of core values and beliefs that are integral to the identity of each nation. In Britain, values such as politeness, respect for tradition, and a love of the countryside are highly esteemed. The British also place a strong emphasis on the importance of tea-drinking and the art of queuing. In the United States, values such as individualism, freedom, and the pursuit of happiness play a central role in the national ethos. Americans also place a high value on diversity, innovation, and the American Dream, which reflects the country's commitment to opportunity and upward mobility.In conclusion, British and American culture are rich, diverse, and complex, encompassing a wide range of traditions, customs, and practices that have evolved over time. Language, literature, music, food, holidays, and values are just a few of the many elements that contribute to the unique identities of these two nations. By understanding and appreciating the cultural aspects of Britain and America, individuals can gain valuable insights into the historical, social, and artistic contexts that have shaped these influential cultures.。
英文介绍 英美文化
英文介绍英美文化British and American cultureBritish and American culture are two distinct but closely related cultures that have been influenced by each other for centuries. British culture is generally considered to be more conservative and traditional while American culture is more forward-looking and experimental. Here, we will explore the main features of these cultures.British cultureBritish culture is closely linked to its history and traditional values. The country is famous for its literary tradition, including the works of Shakespeare, Dickens, and other great writers. It is also famous for its cuisine, including dishes such as fish and chips, steak and kidney pie, and shepherd's pie. British culture is also known for its tradition of formality and ceremony, including the importance of being properly dressed and carrying out proper etiquette.American cultureAmerican culture is known for its openness and experimentalism. The country is famous for its music, including such artists as The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, and Bob Dylan. It is also famous for its fashion, including styles such as jeans and T-shirts, and its culture of hip-hop and rap. American culture is also known for its strong emphasis on individualism and independence, as well as its emphasis on personal freedom and expression.。
英美文化背景知识
• “英美文化背景知识”课程旨在让学生通 过篇章阅读、电影欣赏、课堂讨论、现场 模拟等各种课堂活动和语言训练，提高学 生的阅读理解水平，扩大文化背景知识， 深入了解英美文化、社会习俗与我国文化 和习俗之间的差异，提高学生英语语言的 应用能力，培养学生跨文化交际的能力， 在认识和了解西方社会文明的过程中逐步 提高个人的文化素质和修养，并为那些准 备出国深造的学生提供一个了解西方文化、 礼仪、习俗的平台，帮助他们能够更快地 适应异国的生活与学习环境。
• 1. 欣赏英美国家的电影作品，音乐作品等，对台 词，歌词进行理解和模仿。
• 2. 学生阅读英美文化背景知识的文章，现场模拟 相关情境。
• 3. 学生分组，形成学生—教师、学生—学生相互 交流的体制。
• 4. 写出英美文化与中国文化对比的文章。
• 总之，不同的社会地理环境造成了各国各 民族、各地不同的文化，了解跨文化交际 是尊重他国、他民族、他地风俗习惯的前 提，是事业交流成功的保证。对中学生进 行跨文化交际的教育有着重要意义，而英 美文化背景知识的校本课可以更直接地要 让学生了解外国人的生活习惯、语言表达 方式，获得跨文化交际的知识和技能，同 时对教材中出现的许多国外的表达方式和 特殊的语言现象不教自通，扫清学习障碍， 提高了学生语言运用能力，及如何与外国 人打交道的技能，提高人文素养。
• 本教程共有18个课时。主要学习、探讨关 于英美国家六个方面的文化背景知识：
• 1. 社交礼仪与礼节 • 2. 社会风俗与习惯 • 3. 生活方式与风格 • 4. 食品与饮食习惯 • 5.传统节日及其历史 • 6.体育竞技与娱乐消遣
• 了解西方节日和历史以及体育、娱乐等方面的知 识也很好地帮助学生理解西方文化。比如，英语
中有很多历史典故，从字面上一般不容易理解， 但在英美国家却是常用语。如Sandwich一词，译
【英美文化】各章节知识点
【英美文化】各章节知识点Outline of chaptersAfter learning this chapter you should learn toChapter 1I. terms:culture, iceberg, culture shock, low context culture/ high context culture, collectivism/ individualism, relationship-oriented/ task-oriented, multicultural person, monocultural person, multilingual person, the characteristics of culture II. Questions:1. List some cultural differences between the west and east. at least 5.2. What is cultural stereotype and its influence on cultural learning?3. What kind of attitude shall we take towards cultural learning and cultural generalizations?Chapter 2I. Terms: value, individualism, collectivism, individual-oriented society, group-oriented societyII. Questions：1. The core value of the U.S.: individualism, privacy, equality, informality,directness and assertiveness.2. The core value of Britain: class system, British food, socializing, understatementand so on.3. Different value in American and British daily life.4. Cultural reasons of cheating.5. The child-parent relationship in different culture.6. The difference of American dream and Chinese dream.Chapter 3:I. Terms：Western-style conversation, Japanese-style conversation, low-context communication, high-context communication II. Questions:1.Can you use different ballgames to explain western-style conversation andJapanese-style conversation?2.What are the differences between low-context and high-context communication?3.How should students organize their expository writing in English?4.What are the unspoken rules for a language?5.Can you give a specific example of directness in verbal interaction betweenAmericans?Chapter 41.Illustrate the importance of nonverbal communication.2.Know at least 5 aspects of silent language.3.Explain the functions of nonverbal cues.4.Explain Americans’ perception of time and their time concept.5.Know cultural space and 4 different zones of distance in social space.6.Know two basic American patterns about space.Chapter 51. what are the five general ideas Americans hold towards politics in life?2. why are Americans proud of their political system?Chapter 61. The characteristics of the methods of the western education and the easterneducation.2. The ideals of American education.3. The advantages and disadvantages of the American education.4. Assumptions underlying the higher education system.5. Student-Student Relationships in American schools.6. Student-Professor Relationships.7. The American’s attitud e to plagiarism.8. The reasons why the Asian students excel in American universities.。
英美文化介绍 ppt课件
1、Federal Social Insurance 联邦社会保险
Federal social insurance, which including Retirement Benefits, Survivor’s Benefits, Disability Benefits and Medicare Benefits is established for the inaugural members, employees or once worked for himself and his family can attend, too.
回赎抵押品权利的取消 [fɔː'kləʊʒə]
Sentences
Americans easily agree with the helping purpose but are generally almost unaware of the social control function of social welfare.
只要是遭辞退失业的，不管有无积蓄都可申请。一般补助 期是6至9个月，按各州不同情况可能会有所延长。
3、 public assistance 公共援助金
It is designed for low-income or no income blind, elderly, handicapped and families with no income. Issued by the state government according to their respective living conditions, the applicant will be investigated to prove eligibility.
英美文化背景知识
Education in Britain and the USIn Britain all children have to go to school between the ages of 5 and 16. In the US children must go to school from the age of 6 to between the ages of 14 and 16, depending on the state they live in.SubjectIn England and Wales the subjects taught in schools are laid down by the National Curriculum(课程), which was introduced in 1988 and sets out(制定) in detail the subjects that children should study and the levels of achievement they should reach by the ages of 7, 11, 14 and 16, when they are tested. The National Curriculum does not apply in Scotland, where each school decides what subjects it will teach.In the US the subjects taught are decided by national and local governments. Whereas British schools usually have prayers(祈祷) and religious(宗教的) instruction, American schools are not allowed to include prayers or to teach particular religious beliefs(信仰).ExaminationsAt 16 students in England and Wales take GCSE examinations. These examinations are taken by students of all levels of ability in any of a range of subjects and may involve a final examination, an assessment(评价) of work done during the two year course, or both of these things. At 18 some students taken A-level examinations, usually in not more than 3 subjects. It is necessary to have A-levels in order to go to a university or polytechnic(综合技术大学).In Scotland students take the SCE examinations. A year later, they can take examinations called HIGHS, after which they can either go straight to a university or spend a further year at school and take the Certificate(证书) of Sixth Year Studies. In Scotland the university system is different to that in England and Wales. Courses usually last four years rather than three and students study a larger number of subjects as part of their degree.In the US school examinations are not as important as they are in Britain. Students in High Schools do have exams at the end oftheir last two years, but these final exams are considered along with the work that the students have done during the school years.Social Events and Ceremonies(仪式)In American high schools there is a formal ceremony for Graduation (=completion of high school). Students wear a special cap and gown and receive a diploma(文凭) from the head of the school. Students often buy a class ring to ear, and a yearbook, containing pictures of their friends and teachers. There are also special social events at American schools. Sports events are popular, and cheer leaders lead the school in supporting the school team and singing the school song. At the end of their junior year, at age 17 or 18, students held in the evening. The girls wear long evening dresses and the boys wear TUXEDOS.In Britain, there are no formal dances or social occasions(场合) associated(和...有关) with school life. Some schools have SPEECH DAY at the end of the school year when prizes are given to the best students and speeches are made by the head teacher and sometimes an invited guest. However, in manyBritish schools students and teachers organize(组织) informal dances for the older students.Government in Britain and the USGovernment in BritainNational governmentThe center of government in Britain is PARLIAMENT(国会), which makes all the important laws for the country about crimes and punishment, taxation(犯罪), etc. Parliament is made up of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the monarch(贵族). The Houses of Parliament are in Westminster in London and sometimes “Westminster” itself is used to mean Parliament.The House of commons (or the Commons) is the lower but more powerful of the two Houses. It has 650 elected members, called Members of Parliament or MPs, each representing people in a particular area or constituency. The House of Lords (the Lords)is the higher but less powerful of the two Houses. It has over 1,000 members, none of whom is elected. These members include: people who have titles like Lord or Viscount(子爵) which have been passed down to them on the death of their father (hereditary peers(世袭贵族)); people who are given titles as a reward for their long service in public life, but whose children do not INHERIT(继承) their title (life peers); and some important leaders of the Church of England (Archbishops(大主教) and Bishops(主教)).The government brings BILL (=suggested laws) to the House of Commons, which are discussed by MPs. The bills then go to the House of Lords to be discussed. The House of Lords can suggest changes to a bill, but does not have the power to reject it (=refuse permission for it to be passed). When bills come back to the Commons, MPs vote on them and if they are passed they are signed by the monarch and become Acts of ParliamentAt present England, Scotland, Wales, and N Ireland are all governed by Parliament in Westminster. In N Ireland the political parties are different but their MPs still go to the House of Commons. In Scotland there is a lot of discussion aboutwhether Scotland should have some separate or partly separate form of government. The same is true in WalesLocal governmentLocal government is Britain, also known as Councils, can make small laws (bylaws) which only apply in their area, but these are usually about small, local matters. For instance, they may be about fines that will be made for people who park in certain streets.Councils are paid for by local taxes and also by an amount of money given to them each year by the national government. Their main job is the organizing and providing of local services, e.g. hospitals, school, libraries, public transport, street-cleaning, etc. They are also responsible for setting the amount of local tax that people must pay and for collecting this tax.Local councils(议会) are elected by people within each town, city, or country area. The people who are elected, known as councilors, usually represent one of the national political parties, but are often elected because of their policies on local issues(问题) rather than the national policies of their party.Government in the USAll levels of government in the US (federal(联邦), state, and local) are elected by the people of the country.Federal governmentThe constitution of the US specifically limits the power of the federal (=national) government mainly to defence(国防), foreign affairs, printing money, controlling trade and relations between the states, and protecting human rights. The federal government is make up of the CONGRESS(国会), the President, and the Supreme Count(最高法院).CongressCongress, the central law-making body in the US, is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives is the lower but more important of the two houses of Congress. It has 435 members, called Representatives or Congressmen/Congresswomen elected by their state. Themember of Representative(代表) for each state depends on the size of the population of the state, with each state having at least one Representative. The Senate is the higher but less powerful of the two houses of Congress. It has 100 members, called Senators(参议院), elected by their state. Each state has two Senators.Congress decides whether a BILL (suggested law) becomes law. If the Senate and the House of Representative both agree to a bill, the President is asked to agree.The President can veto(=say no to) the bill(议案), but Congress can still make it a law if 2/3 of the members of each house agree to it.State governmentState government has the greatest influence in people’s daily lives. Each state has its own written Constitution(宪法) (set of fixed law), and among the state there are sometimes great differences in law on matters such as property, crime, health, and education. The highest elected official of each state is theGovernor. Each state also has one or two elected lawmaking bodies (state Legislature) whose members represent the various parts of the state.Local governmentLocal government concerns laws made at the town, city or county level. These laws are usually limited to a small area and concern such thing as traffic, where and when alcoholic drinks can be sold, or keeping animals. The highest elected official of a town or city Council.Every law at every level of government must be in agreement with(一致) the United States constitution. Any citizen who thinks he or she has not been given their rights under the law may argue their case through all the courts up to the Supreme Court (the final Court of Appeal in the US) if necessary, and any law which is found not in agreement with the constitution (unconstitutional) cannot be kept in force.Newspapers in Britain and the USNewspapers in BritainNational and local papersIn Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspaper. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. These newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers. The other kind, called the tabloids is smaller in size, have more pictures, often in colour, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-know people. Although some people disapprove(反对) of the tabloids(小报), more people buy them than buy the serious newspaper. The Sun, for example, which is a tabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter Press.There are daily or weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as some national andinternational stories. Local papers give information about films, concerts, and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including, for example, information about local people who have been married or died recently. National papers generally give information about film, concerts and other events happening in London, In Scotland, many people read the Glasgow Herald or the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids.There also many free local newspapers which are delivered to people’s homes whether they ask for them or not. These contain a lot of advertisements(广告) and also some news.PoliticsMost national newspapers in Britain express a political opinion and people choose the newspaper that they read according to their own political beliefs. Most of the newspapers are right-wing. These are the Daily Telegraph(serious newspaper), the Daily express, Daily Mail, Daily Star, the Sun and Today(all tabloids). Of the other serious newspapers, The Times, the oldest newspaper in Britain, did not formerly have one strong politicalview but it is now more right-wing. The Guardian is slightly left-wing, the Independent is centre and the Financial(金融) with political issues, but reports on business and financial news. The Daily Mirror(tabloid) is left-wing.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are larger than daily newspapers, often having 2 or 3 sections. There is also other a magazine, called the colour supplement(增刊). All the Sunday newspapers are national Serious newspapers include the Observer(which is slightly left-wing), the Sunday Times, the Sunday Telegraph and the Independent on Sunday, the Sunday Mirror, the Sunday Express, the News of the World and the Sunday Sport which is considered to lack much serious information.Newspapers in The USNational and local newspapersThere are more than 1500 daily newspapers in the US. Each oneis usually sold only in one part of the country, e.g. in a city, but they cover national and international news. In larger cities there is often more than one newspaper and the different ones express different political opinions. Some newspapers are sold in nearly all parts of the US. E.g. USA today and the National edition of the New York Times. Two other newspapers, the Los Angeles Times and the Washington Post are know and respected all over the US but cannot be bought everywhere. Other important newspapers are: the Boston Globe, sold in New England, the Chicago Tribune, sold in the Midwest, the Christian Science Monitor and USA Today, both sold nationally, and the Washington Post on the East Coast.There are also weekly newspapers in all parts of the US which cover local news, such as what is happening in the local neighborhood(地方). Fewer people read these than read the daily newspapers.Daily and Sunday newspapersDaily newspapers are published on every day of the week except Sunday. Sunday newspapers are very big, often having severalseparate parts. They contain many longer articles and a lot of advertisements. Each section deals with a different subject. E.g. national and international news, sport, travel, etc. One section, the classifieds(分类广告) has advertisements for jobs and things for sale. Another section is called the funnies. There is often also a magazine which is in color.Alternative newspapersIn the 1960s a group of newspapers began to appear that were later called in “alternative press”. They expressed extreme(极端的) political opinions, especially left-wing opinion. Many of the newspapers which were part of this movement, such as the Village V oice in New York or the Reader in Chicago, are less extreme today and more widely read.Law in Britain and the USIn both Britain and the US, when a person is accused of a rime it must be shown that they are guilty "beyond reasonable doubt". A person is always innocent(无罪) in the eyes of the law until theyhave been proved to be guilty by a court they can sometimes ask for permission to APPEAL(上诉) to a higher court in the hope that it will change this decision.Criminal law in England and WalesWhen someone is arrested (ARREST) by the police, a MAGISTRATE (=an official who judges cases in some types of courts) decides whether there is enough EVIDENCE(证据) against the person for the case to go to court. If there is enough evidence and the case is a serious one, the person accused(控告) of the crime (called 'the accused(被告)') is sent to a CROWN COURT for a TRIAL with a JUDGE and JURY (=12 members of the public who have to decide if the accused is guilty(有罪的), then the judge decides the SENTENCE(判决) (2) (=punishment). If there is enough evidence against the accused but the crime is not a serious one (for example a traffic offence) then the case is heard in a MAGISTRATES COURT.If found guilty in the Crown Court the accused may apply to(请求) the COURT OF APPEAL (Criminal Division) where he or she will be heard by a judge. Sometimes a HIGH COURT judgefrom the Queen's Bench Division assists in dealing with criminal matters in the Court of Appeal or Crown Court.Criminal law in Northern IrelandIn Northern Ireland, as in England and Wales, someone accused of a crime may be tried in a Magistrates' Court or a Crown Court depending on how serious the crime is. Appeals from the Crown Court are heard in the Northern Ireland Court of Appeal.Criminal law in ScotlandScotland has a separate court system. After a person is arrested by the police, an official called the PROCURATOR FISCAL is in charge of deciding whether there is enough evidence against the accused for a trial. If there is enough evidence and the crime is a very serious one, the accused is sent to the HIGH COURT OF JUSTICIARY where there is a judge and jury(陪审团) (in Scotland there are 15 people on a jury). If there is enough evidence but the crime is a less serious one, the case is heard in a SHERIFF COURT (The sheriff is a trained lawyer who acts as a judge). Appeals from the Sheriff Court go to the High Court ofJusticiary.Criminal law in the USThe US has tow separate court systems. In general terms STATE COURTS are used when someone has done something against the laws of CONSTITUTION of a particular State. FEDERAL COURTS deal with cases to do with the laws and Constitution of the United States as whole. Federal courts also hear cases where the US Government is one of the sides involved(介入). Cases for crimes which are not serious are likely to be heard in state courts. Serious crimes may be tried in wither state courts of federal courts depending on the situation, for example cases where a crime has taken place in another state are often heard in federal courts.After a person has been arrested a magistrate(地方官员), or in some cases a GRAND JURY made up of between 16 and 23 citizens, decides whether they should go to trial. If there is enough evidence for a trial the accused goes to court and has to state whether he/she is guilty or not guilty of the crime. If they say they are not guilty they are sent to trial with a judge and jury (of 16 or 20 citizens) in either a State or COUNTY COURT or,in federal cases, a DISTRICT COURT. If the accused is found guilty they may have the fight to appeal to a higher court, as shown below.The final court of appeal in the US federal system and for some cases in the state courts is the US SUPREME COURT. It is made up of a CHIEF JUSTICE and eight ASSOCIATES. The accused does not have the fight to be heard by the Supremes Court, but the Supreme Court decides which cases it will hear.Holiday in Britain and the USPaid HolidayPeople in the US get 2 weeks a year paid vacation (holiday) form their job. Most British people have four or five weeks paid holiday a year. Americans often complain that tow weeks is not enough holiday, especially when they hear about the longer holidays that Europeans get. In addition, there are 8 days in each country, which are public holidays (the British call Bank Holiday) and many of these fall on a Monday giving people along weekend. In Britain, so many people drive to another part of the country, especially the coast, on Bank Holiday weekends that there are serious traffic jams, which may stretch(长达) for many miles.Popular Holiday PlacesWith the US, outdoor vacations are popular, for example at the Grand Canyon or Yosemite or Yellowstone or the national parks or forests. Yong people may go walking or camping in the mountains. Many people have capers or small trailer(拖车) in which to travel, or if they are in a car, they may stay at Motels on the journey Disneyland and Disneyworld are also popular and people can to skiing in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado, Wyoming and Montana.It is also very common to use vacations to visit relatives who may live in states a long distance away. Some children go to summer camp for a holiday during the summer vacation form school, where they do special activities, such as sports or crafts.When Americans want a holiday for sun and rest, they usuallygo to Florida, Hawaii, Mexico or the Caribbean. They may go to Europe for culture, for example, to see art, plays, and places of historic interest.In Britain, many people like to go to the seaside for holidays. There are places near the sea, such as Blackpool, Scarborough and Bournemouth, where there is plenty to do even if it rains. In a traditional British seaside holiday, the children can watch a Punch and Judy Show, eat candy floss and rock (=sweet) and make sandcastles, while older people can hire a deckchair to sit on the beach. People also like to go to go the country, especially to walk, in places like Scotland, Wales and the Lake District.When the British go abroad they usually want to go somewhere warm. Spain and 'Spanish islands of Majorca and Ibiza are popular as are other places in southern Europe. For skiing, people often go to the Alps.Medicine in Britain and AmericanMedicine in BritainIn Britain there is a National Health Service (NHS) which is paid for by taxes and National Insurance(保险), and in general people do not have to pay for medical treatment. Every person is registered with a doctor in their local area, know as general practitioner or GP. This means that their name is on the GP's list, and they may make an appointment to see the doctor or may call the doctor out to visit them if they are ill. People do sometimes have to pay part of the cost of drugs that the doctor prescribes(开处方). GPs are trained in general medicine but are not specialists in any particular subject. If a patient needs to see a specialist doctor, they must first go to their GP and then the GP will make an appointment(预约) for the patient to see a specialist at a hospital or clinic.Although everyone in Britain can have free treatment under the National Health Service. It is also possible to have treatment done privately, for which one has to pay, Some people have private health insurance to help them pay for private treatment. Under the NHS, people who need to go to hospital may have to wait for a long time on a waiting list for their treatment. If theypay for the treatment, they will probably get it quickly.Anyone who is very ill can call an ambulance(救护车) and get taken to hospital for free urgent medical treatment. Ambulances are a free service in Britain.Medicine in the USUnlike Britain, the US does not have a national health care service. The government does help pay for some medical care for people who are on low incomes and for old, but most people buy insurance to help pay for medical care. Some people cannot afford insurance but not poor enough to get government help. The cost of medical insurance and the problems of those who can not afford it are an important political subject.When people are ill, they usually go first to a general practitioner or internist. Unlike in Britain, however, people sometimes go straight to a specialist, without seeing their general practitioner first. Children are usually taken to a pediatrician (a doctor who is a specialist in the treatment of children). As in Britain, if a patient needs to see a specialistdoctor, their general doctor will usually give them the name of one.Doctors don not go to people's homes when they are ill. People always make appointments to see the doctor in the doctor's office. In emergencies(急诊), people call for an ambulance. Hospital must treat all emergency patients, even if the patient does not have medical insurance. The government would then help pay for some of the cost of the medical care.Social Class in BritainBritish society is considered to be divided into three main groups of classes - the Upper Class, the Middle Class, and the Lower or Working Class. This is known as the Class system and it is important to know something about it if you want to understand British people and society. Most British people grow up with a deep knowledge and understanding of the class system even if they are not very conscious(意识到) of it. Most people know which class they belong to by the way they speak, their clothes, their interests or even the type of food they eat.Social class is not only about behavior and attitudes, For example, although many upper class people are rich and may own a lot of land, having a lot of money does not make a person upper class. It is also important to come from a particular kindof family, have friends who are considered suitable, have beento a certain type of private school and speak with the right kind of accent. There are people who are poor but who do not thinkof themselves as working class because their family background, education, political opinions, etc. are different to those of most working-class people. Many people do not like the class system but it is impossible to pretend that these differences do not exist or that British people do not sometimes form opinions in this way.Pubs in BritainPubs are an important part of British life. Even very small villages nearly always have a pub. People especially men, will often go to the pub for a drink in the evening and at weekends.A man will usually go to the same pub, one which is closed by and which is called the local: I'm just nipping down to the local for a print. Women now go to pubs more than they used to, but usually don not like to go to a pub on their own. Children under 16 are not usually allowed into pubs, although some pubs have a children's room or a garden where children can sit.Until 1988, pubs were only allowed to be open from 12:00 am to 2:00 pm alcoholic drink can be sold in a public place are called the licensing laws. Even though the law was changed so that alcohol can now be sold all day, many pubs still only pen at lunchtime and in the evening. When it is nearly time for the pub to close, the landlord or landlady shouts "last orders" and then "time".Pubs often sell food or snacks as well as drinks. Food that is considered typical pub food is scampi (kind of shellfish) and chips (fried potatoes), pie and chips, chicken and chips, and ploughman's lunch (bread with cheese).Pubs have names, e.g. The Angel, The Black Swan, The Crown, The King's Arms, The Red Lion, The White Horse, etc. andpeople usually refer to the pub by its name: Turn left at the Rose and Crown. There is often a sing outside the pub showing the name with a picture.Many pubs have two or more different bars. The public bar is usually plainly furnished and often has a pool table and dartboard. It is the bar usually used by the local people. The saloon bar is comfortable and well-furnished(装修很好的) and is the bar that is usually used by men and woman drinking together.Sports in Britain and the USFootball in Britain and AmericaFootball(soccer AmE) is a very popular sport in Britain, played between August and May (the football season) Many people, esp. men, support a particular team and may go to watch the games that their team plays. Professional football is controlled by two organizations, the Football League and the FootballAssociation (the FA). In England and Wales, there 93 teams in the League, organized into four divisions(区）. In Scotland, there are 38 teams in the League, organized into three divisions. Teams play regularly against the other teams in their league or division according to a fixed programme. At the end of the season the team in the Premier League (or the Premier Division in Scotland) with the most points is the League Champion. This competition is called the League Championship.The other important competition is the FA Cup, often just called the cup.This is open to all armature football teams that belong to the FA as well as the 93 professional（专业）teams. The teams play against each other in a Knockout competition which starts in August and ends in May. The two teams left in the competition play in the FA Cup Final at Wembley Stadium in London. This is a very important national sporting occasion, watched by millions of people in television.Team names usu. include the name of the town or city where the team is based, e.g. Leeds United, Sheffield Wednesday, Wolverhamptom Wanderers (Wolves), Dundee United, etc.Football(American football BrE) is a very popular sport in the US. Many people, esp. men, support a particular team and watch the game that their team plays. Each team has a name, which usually includes the name of the town or city that the team is associated with, Some examples of names are: New York Jets, Washington Redskins, New England Patriots, and Green Bay Packers.The season starts in early autumn and ends at the end of January with the Super Bowl, which is the NFL championship game. The two teams that play in the Super Bowl are determined by games within the divisions and conferences. The Super Bowl is only one game and at the end of the game, they have asudden-death play-off, in which the first team to gain points wins the game. Professional football games are organized in the US in the following way: National Football League are divided into two conferences: One is National Football Conference（国家足协）and the other is American Football Conference. Both of them have 14 teams and three divisions.Basket Ball and Base Ball in The U.S。
英美文化概论
英美文化概论导言：在全球化的今天，英美文化已成为世界范围内广泛接受和影响深远的文化形式。
英美文化的独特性和多样性使其融入了各个层面的社会生活。
本文将对英美文化进行概述，包括英美文化的起源、主要特征和影响力等方面。
一、起源1. 英美文化的历史背景英美文化源于英国和美国两个国家，两国在历史发展中形成了独特的文化基因。
英国作为美国的殖民地，英国文化是美国文化的重要来源之一。
17世纪至18世纪期间，随着大量移民的涌入，欧洲文化也对美国文化的形成产生了影响。
2. 英美文化的多样性英美文化是一个多元且充满活力的文化体系。
它包括了英国各个地区的本土文化以及美国不同地区和种族背景的文化。
这种多样性使英美文化具备了包容性和创造性。
二、主要特征1. 语言英语是英美文化的基本媒介和表达方式。
英美英语具有许多共同点，但也有一些差异，如发音、词汇和语法等方面。
同时，英语在英美文化中的地位也是相当重要的。
2. 文学英美文学以其独特的风格和世界知名的作家而闻名。
从莎士比亚到丽兹·堤勒，英美文学不仅包括古典作品和传统文学，还涵盖了现代文学和儿童文学等多个领域。
3. 音乐英美文化中的音乐具有广泛的影响力。
从古典音乐到流行音乐，英美的音乐创作和表演都具有独特的风格和特点。
如披头士乐队、迈克尔·杰克逊等，这些音乐人和乐队都成为了英美音乐文化的重要代表。
4. 电影英美电影是全球最具影响力的电影产业之一。
从好莱坞到英国电影，这些电影以其独特的剧情和制作质量广受欢迎。
同时，英美文化对于电影风格、故事情节以及电影产业的发展都起到了重要推动作用。
5. 社交礼仪英美文化中的社交礼仪和行为规范也是其特征之一。
英美人民注重礼节和谦和，在社交场合中会注重礼貌的表达和行为举止。
例如，握手、微笑、道谢等行为是英美社交礼仪中的常见做法。
三、影响力1. 全球影响力由于英美文化的广泛传播和深入影响，其对全球的影响力不言而喻。
无论是英语的普及、英美文学的翻译与传播，还是英美电影和音乐在全球范围内的流行，都体现了英美文化的全球影响力。
英美文化探索：了解英语国家文化背景
• 街头文化的习俗
跨文化交际中的礼仪与习俗
跨文化交际中的礼仪
• 尊重对方的习惯
• 适应不同的社交场合
• 保持良好的沟通
跨文化交际中的习俗
• 了解对方的文化背景
• 尊重对方的宗教信仰
• 适应对方的生活节奏
03
英美教育制度与价值观
英国教育制度与价值观
英国教育制度的特点
英国教育价值观的特点
• 宗教文化的相似性
• 民主价值观的共享
⌛️
02
英美社会礼仪与习俗
英国社会礼仪与习俗
英国社会的礼仪
英国社会的习俗
• 称呼的礼仪
• 茶文化的习俗
• 餐桌礼仪
• 酒吧文化的习俗
• 社交礼仪
• 体育赛事的习俗
美国社会礼仪与习俗
美国社会的礼仪
• 称呼的礼仪
• 餐桌礼仪
• 社交礼仪
美国社会的习俗
• 咖啡文化的习俗
• 骑士文化的发展
03
英国文化在近现代时期的发展
• 工业革命的兴起
• 殖民主义的扩张
• 民主制度的完善
美国文化历史背景与发展
美国文化在现代时期的发展
• 科技的进步
• 全球化的影响
• 社会问题的关注
美国文化起源于殖民地时期
• 欧洲移民的到来
• 宗教的多样性
• 奴隶制的兴起
美国文化在独立战争后的发展
• 民主制度的确立
CREATE TOGETHER
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DOCS
美国文学与艺术
美国文学的特点
美国艺术的特点
• 浪漫主义文学的传承
新编英美文化总结
新编英美文化总结引言英美文化是世界上最具影响力和广泛传播的文化之一。
英美文化继承了西方文明的伟大传统，融合了不同民族和移民的特点，形成了独特且充满活力的文化体系。
本文将从语言、饮食、音乐、电影和体育等方面对英美文化进行总结，以便更好地了解英美世界的魅力。
语言英语是英美文化的核心，它在全球范围广泛使用并成为国际交流的重要工具。
英美英语有许多共同特点，但也有一些差异。
英式英语注重发音规范，使用较多复杂的句法结构和词汇。
而美式英语则更加注重口语化，使用简洁直接的表达方式。
英语也是诗歌和文学的语言。
英美文化孕育了许多伟大的文学作品和著名的作家，如莎士比亚、奥斯卡·王尔德、弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫等。
这些作品不仅影响了英美文化，也对整个世界文学产生了深远的影响。
饮食英美饮食有着丰富多样的特点。
英国是茶文化的代表，下午茶是英国传统习俗之一，人们在下午喝茶和品尝点心。
同时，英国也以英式早餐和酒吧文化闻名。
美国则以汉堡、炸鸡、薯条和披萨等快餐食品为代表，在世界各地享有盛名。
此外，英美文化也有许多特色食物。
英国传统的烤牛肉和烤羊肉是其饮食文化的重要组成部分。
美国的巧克力、烤肉、火鸡等都是世界知名的美食。
音乐英美音乐是世界音乐史上不可忽视的一部分。
英国的流行音乐在全球范围内影响巨大，披头士乐队、皇后乐队、滚石乐队等都是英国音乐界的传奇。
美国则以爵士乐、摇滚乐和流行音乐见长。
爵士乐起源于非裔美国人社区，被誉为美国的独特音乐风格。
摇滚乐则主要起源于20世纪50年代的美国，并随着艾尔维斯·普雷斯利、披头士乐队、滚石乐队等乐队的崛起而迅速传遍全球。
电影英美电影业享有盛誉，许多经典的电影作品承载着英美文化的精髓。
好莱坞是美国电影工业的代表，以其丰富多样的电影类型而闻名。
从黑白无声电影时代的《乱世佳人》到现代的《星球大战》系列，这些电影作品不仅在票房上大获成功，也在影响全球电影制作的发展方向。
英国电影也有着自己的特色。
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百科知识英美文化
英美文化是指英国和美国这两个英语为母语的国家所拥有的独特文
化特点和价值观念。
这两个国家的文化是由历史、地理、政治、宗教、经济等多种因素所塑造的，具有丰富多样性和深厚底蕴。
本文将从几
个方面介绍英美文化的百科知识，并探讨其在世界范围内的影响力。
第一部分：历史文化
英美文化的形成有着悠久的历史背景。
英国是西方现代文明的摇篮，具有众多的文化遗产和历史传统。
文艺复兴时期的英国文化产生了众
多杰出的文学作品，如莎士比亚的戏剧和弥尔顿的史诗。
随后，英国
的工业革命为现代化的发展奠定了基础，也为英美文化的传播提供了
外在条件。
美国作为一个移民国家，融合了来自世界各地的文化，形成了自己
独特的文化特点。
独立战争后，美国迅速崛起为世界强国，其宪法和
独立宣言为后来的民主国家树立了榜样。
美国的文化产业在世界范围
内具有强大的影响力，好莱坞电影、流行音乐、时尚等都成为许多人
向往的梦想。
第二部分：宗教和价值观
宗教在英美文化中扮演着重要角色。
英国是基督教的发源地，天主
教和新教在这里有着广泛的传承。
英国君主制度的建立与英国国教的
关系密切，而美国则以宗教自由为基石，成为了宗教多元化的典范。
宗教信仰对于英美人民的价值观念、道德观念和社会伦理有着深远的影响。
价值观方面，英美文化强调个人自由、民主理念和人权意识。
言论自由、宪法权利以及平等机会等是英美文化中重要的组成部分。
敬重与关心他人、尊重异议、鼓励创新等也是英美文化的核心价值观。
这些价值观通过影视作品、文学作品等形式传播，受到全球范围内的认同和追捧。
第三部分：文化产业
英美文化产业以其优秀的内容和先进的生产技术而闻名于世。
英国的BBC、英国博物馆以及众多的文学作品是英国文化的重要代表，而美国的好莱坞电影工业、音乐产业和科技创新更是世界范围内的引领者。
英美文化产业的成功得益于其对创意和艺术的重视，也受益于英语的全球传播。
第四部分：英美文化的全球影响
由于英美文化在全球范围内的传播与影响，英语成为了全球最重要的通用语言之一。
英美文化通过电影、音乐、时尚、体育等媒介在全球范围内迅速传播，并对其他国家和地区的文化产生了深远影响。
无论是英式下午茶文化的传播，还是美国篮球文化的全球化，都展示了英美文化在全球化时代的重要地位。
结语
英美文化作为世界上两个最为重要的文化之一，以其深厚的历史底蕴、多元的价值观和独特的文化产业吸引并影响着全球的目光。
通过对其历史文化、宗教与价值观、文化产业以及全球影响的介绍，我们能更好地理解和欣赏英美文化在世界舞台上的独特魅力。