浅谈管理论文中英文摘要
现代管理英文作文
现代管理英文作文英文：Modern management is an essential component of any successful organization. It involves the coordination and supervision of employees, resources, and operations to achieve specific goals and objectives. In today's fast-paced and constantly evolving business world, effective management is crucial for staying competitive and adapting to change.One key aspect of modern management is the use of technology. With the rise of digital platforms and tools, managers can now streamline processes, track performance, and communicate with employees in real-time. For example, project management software like Asana or Trello can help teams stay organized and on track, while communication tools like Slack or Zoom can facilitate remote collaboration.Another important aspect of modern management is the emphasis on employee empowerment and engagement. Instead of relying on top-down directives, many organizations are adopting a more participatory approach to decision-making and problem-solving. This can involve giving employees more autonomy and responsibility, encouraging feedback and input, and fostering a culture of innovation and creativity.Ultimately, successful modern management requires a combination of technical expertise, interpersonal skills, and strategic thinking. By leveraging technology, empowering employees, and staying agile in the face of change, managers can help their organizations thrive in today's complex and competitive business environment.中文：现代管理是任何成功组织的重要组成部分。
企业管理英文作文范文
企业管理英文作文范文英文：As a business manager, I believe that effective communication and delegation are key to successful management. It is important to clearly communicate goals and expectations to your team, and to delegate tasks based on each individual's strengths and abilities.When it comes to communication, I find that being direct and transparent is the best approach. This means being honest about challenges and setbacks, as well as celebrating successes. It's also important to actively listen to your team and address any concerns or feedback they may have.In terms of delegation, it's important to trust your team members and give them the autonomy to complete tasks in their own way. This not only empowers them, but also frees up your time to focus on other important aspects ofthe business.One example of effective delegation in my experiencewas when I assigned a project to a team member who had a strong background in marketing. I provided clear guidelines and expectations, but also gave them the freedom to come up with their own ideas and strategies. The project was a success and the team member felt valued and appreciated for their contributions.Overall, effective communication and delegation are crucial for successful business management. By being direct, transparent, and trusting your team, you can create a positive and productive work environment.中文：作为企业管理者，我认为有效的沟通和委派是成功管理的关键。
物流管理专业毕业论文（含英文摘要）
物流管理专业毕业论文（含英文摘要）XXXXXXXXXXX学院毕业论文关于企业物流与供应链管理的探讨作者：专业：班级：学号：日期：关于企业物流与供应链管理的探讨摘要供应链管理（Supply chain management，SCM）是一种集成的管理思想和方法，它执行供应链中从供应商到最终用户的物流的计划和控制等职能。
从单一的企业角度来看，是指企业通过改善上、下游供应链关系，整合和优化供应链中的信息流、物流、资金流，以获得企业的竞争优势。
理解和做好以市场为导向的供应链与物流管理战略的制定工作，是企业获得竞争优势和实现客户价值的重要基础。
本文就供应链管理的特征、作用以及物流管理与供应链管理之间的内在联系等进行了综述。
关键词：供应链，供应链管理，物流管理ABSTRACTSupply chain management, SCM is an integrated management philosophy and methods, which performs the supply chain from suppliers to end-users of logistics planning and control functions. From the perspective of a single enterprise is an enterprise by improving upstream and downstream supply chain relationships, integration and optimization of supply chain information flow, logistics, capital flow, in order to obtain a competitive advantage.KEYWORDS: Supply chain, SCM,Logistics Management目录前言.......................................................................................................................... - 4 - 一、物流管理的概念................................................................................................- 4 - （一）物流管理的概念.....................................................................................- 4 - （二）物流管理分类.........................................................................................- 4 - （三）企业对物流活动的认识.........................................................................- 5 - （四）物流领域的内涵.....................................................................................- 6 - 二、供应链管理........................................................................................................- 6 -（一）供应链的概念及特征.............................................................................- 6 - （二）供应链管理的含义及目的.....................................................................- 7 - （三）供应链管理的基本原则.........................................................................- 8 - （四）供应链管理的作用与优势.....................................................................- 8 - （五）供应链管理在企业中的作用.................................................................- 9 - 三、物流管理与供应链管理的关系........................................................................- 9 -（一）物流管理与供应链管理的联系.............................................................- 9 - （二）物流管理与供应链管理的区别.............................................................- 9 - （三）物流管理在供应链管理中的地位...................................................... - 10 - 四、供应链管理下物流管理的应用..................................................................... - 10 - （一）供应链管理在物流中应用的必然性.................................................. - 10 - （二）供应链管理体系下物流管理的特点.................................................. - 10 - （三）供应链管理体系下物流管理的功能.................................................. - 11 - （四）如何协调供应链管理和物流的关系.................................................. - 12 - 五、结语................................................................................................................. - 12 - 参考文献................................................................................................................. - 13 -关于企业物流与供应链管理的探讨前言供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流，物流，资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商，制造商，分销商，零售商，直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例英文摘要(Abstract)是论文写作中必不可少的一部分，其作用是概括出论文的主要内容和结论，帮助读者迅速了解论文的核心观点。
本文将提供一篇关于论文写作中英文摘要的范例，以供参考。
AbstractWith the increasing globalization of academic research, it has become essential for scholars to effectively communicate their work to a wider audience. One crucial element in this process is the abstract, which summarizes the main points and findings of a research paper. In this article, we will provide an example of an English abstract for a research paper, demonstrating key elements and tips for writing an effective abstract.IntroductionThe abstract serves as a brief overview of a research paper, allowing readers to quickly grasp the purpose, methodology, and outcomes of the study. It should be concise yet informative, providing enough information to engage the reader while remaining within a specified word limit.Main BodyI. Purpose and BackgroundThe first element of an abstract is a clear statement of the research paper's purpose and its background. It should outline the rationale for the study, highlighting any research gaps or unanswered questions in the field. For example:This research aims to investigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, with a focus on marine biodiversity and coral reef health. Given the increasing threats to these ecosystems, understanding the potential impacts of climate change is crucial for effective conservation strategies.II. MethodologyThe abstract should briefly describe the methodology employed in the research. This can include the study design, data collection methods, and analytical approaches. However, detailed technical information should be avoided. For example:A combination of field surveys, laboratory experiments, and statistical analyses were conducted to assess the long-term effects of temperature increase and ocean acidification on coral reefs. Data on species diversity, abundance, and health were collected from various reefs in the Caribbean region.III. ResultsThe abstract should highlight the key findings of the research. It should summarize the outcomes and conclusions derived from the data analysis. However, specific data or numerical results should be avoided, focusing instead on general trends and significant discoveries. For example:Our study revealed a significant decline in coral species diversity and overall health in response to increased water temperatures and ocean acidification. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the abundance of commercially important fish species, indicating potential impacts on local communities dependent on coral reef resources.IV. Implications and ConclusionThe abstract should conclude with a discussion of the broader implications of the research and its significance. It should provide a concise statement summarizing the main contributions of the study to the field and any recommendations for future research or policy implications. For example:These findings highlight the urgent need for immediate actions to mitigate the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems. Implementing measures to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and establishing marine protected areas can help safeguard marine biodiversity and protect the livelihoods of communities dependent on coral reef resources.ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for communicating the key points and contributions of a research paper. By providing a clear purpose, concise methodology, major findings, and broader implications, the abstract serves as a concise summary of the research work, enticing readers to delve deeper into the full paper. By following the guidelines and structure provided in this example abstract, researchers can enhance their chances of effectively conveying their research to a global audience.。
毕业论文中英文摘要
毕业论文中英文摘要摘要是毕业论文的重要组成部分，它是对论文内容的简要概括，是读者快速了解论文主题、目的、方法和结果的窗口。
本文将从摘要的作用、写作要点以及常见错误三个方面进行论述。
一、摘要的作用摘要是论文的“ vitalsign”，是读者选择是否继续阅读全文的重要依据。
良好的摘要可以提供论文的主要信息，引起读者的兴趣，激发他们对论文的进一步探索。
摘要还可以帮助读者快速了解论文的研究背景、目的、方法和结果，为读者提供一个全面的概览，节约他们的时间和精力。
二、摘要的写作要点1. 简明扼要：摘要应尽量精简，避免冗长的叙述和无关的细节。
摘要的长度通常在200-300个词之间，所以要用简洁的语言表达论文的核心内容。
2. 结构清晰：摘要应该包含论文的主要部分，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。
这些部分可以按照逻辑顺序组织，使读者能够快速了解论文的主要内容。
3. 语言准确：摘要的语言应该准确无误，避免使用模糊、含糊不清的词汇。
同时，摘要要遵循学术写作的规范，使用准确的学术术语和句式。
三、常见错误1. 冗长繁复：有些摘要过于冗长，使用了大量的修辞手法和复杂的句子结构，使得读者难以理解。
摘要应该尽量简洁明了，避免使用过多的修辞手法。
2. 缺乏重点：有些摘要只是简单地列举了论文的主要内容，而没有突出论文的重点和创新之处。
摘要应该突出论文的研究重点，强调论文的创新性和研究价值。
3. 不准确的表达：有些摘要使用了不准确的词汇和表达方式，导致读者对论文的内容产生误解。
摘要应该准确无误地表达论文的主要观点和结果。
综上所述，摘要是毕业论文中重要的组成部分，它起到了引导读者、激发兴趣、节约时间的作用。
在写摘要时，我们应该注意简明扼要、结构清晰和语言准确。
同时，要避免常见的错误，如冗长繁复、缺乏重点和不准确的表达。
通过合理的写作技巧和规范的语言表达，我们可以写出一篇优秀的摘要，为整个论文增添亮点。
企业管理案例英文论文
企业管理案例英文论文Title: The Role of Effective Enterprise Management: A Case Study AnalysisAbstract:1. Introduction:2. Case Study Background:2.2 Management Issues: Identify the specific management challenges faced by the organization, such as low productivity, high employee turnover, or inadequate performance measurement systems.3. Methods:Describe the methodology used to conduct the case study analysis. This may include data collection techniques, interviews with key stakeholders, and a literature review on effective enterprise management practices.4. Analysis and Findings:4.1 Management Strategies Implemented: Discuss the management strategies employed by the organization to address the identified management issues.4.2 Impact on Productivity: Analyze the effects of these strategies on productivity and operational efficiency within the organization.4.3 Employee Engagement and Satisfaction: Evaluate the influence of the management strategies on employee engagement, satisfaction, and retention.4.4 Financial Performance: Assess the impact of effective management practices on the financial performance of the organization.5. Discussion:7. Conclusion:Summarize the key findings from the case study analysis, emphasizing the importance of effective enterprise management in achieving organizational success. Emphasize the potential benefits of implementing robust management strategies for enhanced productivity, employee engagement, and overall business performance.8. References:Include a list of all relevant sources cited in the paper using the appropriate citation style.Word Count: [Provide the total word count of the paper here] Note: The word count provided should be at least 1200 words or above to meet the paper's requirements. Please ensure the content is engaging, articulate, and well-structured to effectively convey the importance of effective enterprise management in the analyzed case study.。
寻求管理之道英文作文
寻求管理之道英文作文Managing a team or a company is no easy task. It requires a combination of leadership, communication, and decision-making skills. It's important to be able toinspire and motivate your team, while also being able to make tough decisions when necessary.One of the most important aspects of management is communication. It's crucial to be able to effectively communicate with your team, whether it's to give instructions, provide feedback, or address any issues that may arise. Good communication helps to build trust and understanding within the team.Another key aspect of management is the ability to delegate tasks. It's important to be able to trust your team members to take on responsibilities and complete tasks without micromanaging them. Delegating tasks not only helps to lighten your workload, but also empowers your team members and helps them to develop new skills.As a manager, it's also important to be able to adapt to different situations and challenges. This means being flexible and open-minded, and being able to think on your feet when unexpected issues arise. Being able to adapt to change is crucial for the success of any team or company.Effective time management is also essential for successful management. It's important to be able to prioritize tasks and make the most of your time, as well as the time of your team members. This means being able to set clear goals and deadlines, and being able to manage your own workload efficiently.Finally, a good manager is able to provide support and guidance to their team members. This means being able to listen to their concerns, provide constructive feedback, and offer help and advice when needed. A supportive manager helps to build a positive and productive work environment.In conclusion, effective management requires a combination of communication, delegation, adaptability,time management, and support. Being able to master these skills is essential for the success of any team or company.。
系统管理论文—中英对照
外文资料：Information management systemWiliam K.Thomson U.S.AAbstract:An information storage, searching and retrieval system for large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual dam. The system includes multiple query generation processes, a search process, and a presentation of search results that is sorted by category or type and that may be customized based on the professional discipline(or analogous personal characteristic of the user), thereby reducing the amount of time and cost required to retrieve relevant results.Keyword:Information management Retrieval system Object-Oriented1.INTRUDUCTIONThe Design and Development of the Students' Information Management System As information technology advances, various management systems have emerged to change the daily lives of the more coherent, to the extent possible, the use of network resources can be significantly reasonable reduction of manual management inconvenience and waste of time.Accelerating the modernization of the 21st century, the continuous improvement of the scientific and cultural levels, the rapid growth of the number of students will inevitably increase the pressure information management students, the inefficient manual retrieval completely incompatible with the community\'s needs. The Student Information Management Systemis an information management one kind within system, currently information technique continuously of development, the network technique has already been applied in us extensively nearby of every trade, there is the network technical development, each high schools all make use of a calculator to manage to do to learn, the school is operated by handicraft before of the whole tedious affairs all got fast and solve high-efficiencily, especially student result management the system had in the school very big function, all can be more convenient, fast for the student and the teacher coming saying and understand accurately with management everyone noodles information.AbstractIt is a very heavy and baldness job of managing a bulky database by manpower. The disadvantage, such as great capacity of work, low efficiency and long period, exist in data inputting, demanding and modification. So the computer management system will bring us a quite change.Because there are so many students in the school, the data of students' information is huge, it makes the management ofthe information become a complicated and tedious work. This system aims at the school, passing by practically of demand analysis, adopt mighty VB6.0 to develop the student information management system. The whole system design process follow the principle of simple operation, beautiful and vivid interface and practical request. The student information management system including the function of system management, basic information management, study management, prize and punishment management , print statement and so on. Through the proof of using, the student information management system which this text designed can satisfy the school to manage the demand of the aspect to students' information. The thesis introduced the background of development, the functions demanded and the process of design. The thesis mainly explained the point of the system design, the thought of design, the difficult technique and the solutions. The student managed the creation of the system to reduce the inconvenience on the manpower consumedly, let the whole student the data management is more science reasonable.The place that this system has most the special features is the backstage database to unify the management to student's information.That system mainly is divided into the system management, student profession management, student file management, school fees management, course management, result management and print the statement.The interface of the system is to make use of the vb software creation of, above few molds pieces are all make use of the vb to control a the piece binds to settle of method to carry out the conjunction toward the backstage database, the backstage database probably is divided into following few formses:Professional information form, the charges category form, student the job form, student the information form, political feature form of student, the customer logs on the form The system used Client/Server structure design, the system is in the data from one server and a number of Taiwan formed LAN workstations. Users can check the competence of different systems in different users submit personal data, background database you can quickly given the mandate to see to the content.Marks management is a important work of school,the original manual management have many insufficiencies,the reasons that,students' population are multitudinous in school,and each student's information are too complex,thus the work load are extremely big,the statistics and the inquiry have been inconvenient.Therefore,how to solve these insufficiencies,let the marks management to be more convenient and quickly,have a higher efficiency,and become a key question.More and more are also urgent along with school automationthe marks management when science and technology rapid development,therefore is essential to develop the software system of marks register to assist the school teaching management.So that can improve the marks management,enhance the efficiency of management.This invention relates to an information storage, searching and retrieval system that incorporates a novel organization for presentation of search results from large (gigabytes) domains of archived textual data.2.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides an information storage, searching and retrieval system for a large domain of archived data of various types, in which the results of a search are organized into discrete types of documents and groups of document types so that users may easily identify relevant information more efficiently and more conveniently than systems currently in use. The system of the invention includes means for storing a large domain of data contained in multiple source records, at least some of the source records being comprised of individual documents of multiple document types; means for searching substantially all of the domain with a single search query to identify documents responsive to the query; and means for categorizing documents responsive to the query based on document type, including means for generating a summary of the number of documents responsive to the query which fall within various predetermined categories of document types.The query generation process may contain a knowledge base including a thesaurus that has predetermined and embedded complex search queries, or use natural language processing, or fuzzy logic, or tree structures, or hierarchical relationship or a set of commands that allow persons seeking information to formulate their queries.The search process can utilize any index and search engine techniques including Boolean, vector, and probabilistic as long as a substantial portion of the entire domain of archived textual data is searched for each query and all documents found are returned to the organizing process.The sorting/categorization process prepares the search results for presentation by assembling the various document types retrieved by the search engine and then arranging these basic document types into sometimes broader categories that arereadily understood by and relevant to the user.The search results are then presented to the user and arranged by category along with an indication as to the number of relevant documents found in each category. The user may then examine search results in multiple formats, allowing the user to view as much of the document as the user deems necessary.3.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSFIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an information retrieval system of the invention;FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a query formulation and search process utilized in theinvention;FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a sorting process for organizing and presenting searchresults.4.BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTIONAs is illustrated in the block diagram of FIG. 1 , the information retrieval system of the invention includes an input/output process ,a query generation process, a search process that involves a large domain of textual data (typically in the multiple gigabyte range), an organizing process, presentation of the information to the user, and a process to identify and characterize the types of documents contained in the large domain of data.Turning now to FIG. 2, the query generation process preferably includes a knowledge base containing a thesaurus and a note pad, and preferably utilizes embedded predefined complex Boolean strategies. Such a system allows the user to enter their description of the information needed using simple words/phrases made up of "natural" language and to rely on the system to assist in generating the full search query, which would include, e.g., synonyms and alternate phraseology. The user can then request, by a command such as "VI CO 1", to view the complete document selected from the list, giving, in this case, complete information about the identity and credentials of the expert.FIG. 3 illustrates how five typical sources of information (i.e., source records) can be sorted into many document types and then subsequently into categories. For example, a typical trade magazine may contain several types of information such as editorials, regular columns, feature articles, news, product announcements, and a calendar of events. Thus, the trade magazine (i.e., the source record) may be sorted into these various document types, and these document types in turn may be categorized or grouped into categories contained in one or more sets of categories; each document type typically will be sorted into one category within a set of categories, but the individual categories within each set will vary from one set to another. For example, one set of categories may be established for a first characteristic type of user, and a different set of categories may be established for a second characteristic type of user. When a user corresponding to type #1 executes a search, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #1, corresponding to that particular type of user, in organizing the results of the search for review by the user. When a user from type #2 executes a search, however, the system automatically utilizes the categories of set #2 in presenting the search results to the user.The information storage, searching and retrieval system of the invention resolves the common difficulties in typical on-line information retrieval systems that operate on large (e.g., 2 gigabytes or more) domains of textual data, query generation, sourceselection, and organizing search results. The information base with the thesaurus and embedded search strategies allows users to generate expert search queries in their own "natural" language. Source (i.e., database) selection is not an issue because the search engines are capable of searching substantially the entire domain on every query. Moreover, the unique presentation of search results by category set substantially reduces the time and cost of performing repetitive searches in multiple databases and therefore of efficiently retrieving relevant search results.While a preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described, it should be understood that various changes, adaptations and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.5. Systems Analysis and DesignSystemsWorking under control of a stored program, a computer processes data into information. Think about that definition for a minute. Any given computer application involves at least three components: hardware, software, and data. Merely writing a program isn’t enough, because the program is but one component is in a system.A system is a group of components that work together to accomplish an objective. For example, consider a payroll system. Its objective is paying employees. What components are involved? Each day, employees record their hours worked on time cards. At the end of each week, the time cards are collected and delivered to the computer center, where they are read into a payroll program. As it runs, the program accesses data files. Finally, the paychecks are printed and distributed. For the system to work, people, procedures, input and output media, files, hardware, and software must be carefully coordinated. Note that the program is but one component in a system.Systems AnalysisComputer-based systems are developed because people need information. Those people, called users, generally know what is required, but may lack the expertise to obtain it. Technical professionals, such as programmers, have the expertise, but may lack training in the user’s field. To complicate matters, users and programmers often seem to speak different languages, leading to communication problems. A systems analyst is a professional who translates user needs into technical terms, thus serving as a bridge between users and technical professionals.Like an engineer or an architect, a systems analyst solves problems by combining solid technical skills with insight, imagination, and a touch of art. Generally, the analyst follows a well-defined, methodical process that includes at least the following steps:Problem definitionAnalysisDesignImplementationMaintenanceAt the end of each step, results are documented and shared with both the user and the programmers. The idea is to catch and correct errors and misunderstandings as early as possible. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the process is through example.Picture a small clothing store that purchases merchandise at wholesale, displays this stock, and sells it to customers at retail. On the one hand, too much: stock represents an unnecessary expense. On the other hand, a poor selection discourages shoppers. Ideally, a balance can be achieved: enough, but not too much.Complicating matters is the fact that inventory is constantly changing, with customer purchases depleting stock, and returns and reorders adding to it. The owner would like to track inventory levels and reorder any given item just before the store runs out. For a single item, the task is easy-just count the stock-on-hand. Unfortunately, the store has hundreds of different items, and keeping track of each one is impractical. Perhaps a computer might help.Problem DefinitionThe first step in the systems analysis and design process is problem definition. The analyst’s objective is determining what the user needs. Note that, as the process begins, the user possesses the critical information, and the analyst must listen and learn. Few users are technical experts. Most see the computer as a “magic box,” and are not concerned with how it works. At this stage, the analyst has no business even thinking about programs, files, and computer hardware, but must communicate with the user on his or her own terms.The idea is to ensure that both the user and the analyst are thinking about the same thing. Thus, a clear, written statement expressing the analyst’s understanding of the problem is essential. The user should review and correct this written statement. The time to catch misunderstandings and oversights is now, before time, money, and effort are wasted.Often, following a preliminary problem definition, the analyst performs a feasibility study. The study, a brief capsule version of the entire systems analysis and design process, attempts to answer three questions:Can the problem be solved?Can it be solved in the user’s environment?Can it be solved at a reasonable cost?If the answer to any one of these questions is no, the system should not be developed. Given a good problem definition and a positive feasibility study, the analyst can turn to planning and developing a problem solution.AnalysisAs analysis begins, the analyst understands the problem. The next step is determining what must be done to solve it. The user knows what must be done; during analysis, this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The objective is to identify and link these key functions and data elements, yielding a logical system design.Start with the system’s basic functions. The key is keeping track of the stock-on-hand for each product in inventory. Inventory changes because customers purchase, exchange, and return products, so the system will have to process customer transactions. The store’s owner wants to selectively look at the inventory level for any product in short supply and, if appropriate, order replacement stock, so the system must be able to communicate with management. Finally, following management authorization, the system should generate a reorder ready to send to a supplier.Given the system’s basic functions, the analyst’s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relation. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used. Data sources and destinations are represented by squares; input data enter the system form a source, and output data flow to a destination. Once in the system, the data are manipulated or changed by processes, represented by round-corner rectangles. A process might be a program, a procedure, or anything else that changes or moves data. Data can be held for later processing in data stores, symbolized by open-ended rectangles. A data store might be a disk file, a tape file, a database, written notes, or even a person’s memory. Finally, data flow between sources, destinations, processes, and data stores over data flows, which are represented by arrows.Preliminary data flow diagram for the inventory system. Start a CUSTOMER. Transactions flow from a customer into the system, where they are handled by Process transaction. A data store, the STOCK, holds data on each item in inventory. Process transaction changes the data to reflect the new transaction. Meanwhile, MANAGEMENT accesses the system through Communicate, evaluating the data in STOCK and, if necessary, requesting a recorder. Once a reorder is authorized, Generate reorder sends necessary data to the SUPPLIER, who ships the items to the store. Note that, because the reorder represents a change in the inventory level of a particular product or products, it is handled as a transaction.The data flow diagram describes the logical system. The next step is tracing the data flow. Start with the destination SUPPLIER. Reorders flow to suppliers; for example, the store might want 25 pairs of jeans. To fill the order, the supplier needs the product description and the reorder quantity. Where do these data elements come from? Since they are output by Generate reorder, they must either be input to or generated by this process. Data flow into Generate reorder for STOCK; thus, product and reorder quantities must be stored in STOCK.Other data elements, such as purchased and the purchase quantity, are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stock –on-hand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to, stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system.To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but computerized data dictionaries have become increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage.The idea of analysis is to define the system’s major functions and data elements methodically. Remember that the objective is translating user needs into technical terms. Since the system starts with the user, the first step is defining the user’s needs. Users think in terms of functions and data. They do not visualize programs, or files, or hardware, and during this initial, crucial analysis stage, it is essential that the analyst think like a user, not like a programmer.Data flow diagrams and data dictionaries are useful tools. They provide a format for recording key information about the proposed system. Also, they jog the analyst’smemory; for example, if the analyst doesn’t have sufficient information to complete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst’s understanding of the system requirements. By reviewing these documents, the user can correct misunderstanding or oversights. Finally, they represent an excellent starting point for the next step, design.DesignAs we enter the design stage, we know what the system must do, and thus can begin thinking about how to do it. The objective is to develop a strategy for solving the problem. At this stage, we are not interested in writing code or in defining precise data structures; instead, we want to identify, at a black box level, necessary programs, files, procedures, and other components.The data flow diagram defines the system’s necessary functions; how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is combining two or more processes in a single program; there are dozens of alternative solutions. Let’s focus on one option and document it.A system flowchart uses symbols to represent programs, procedures, hardware devices, and the other components of a physical system. Our flowchart shows that transaction data enter the system through a terminal, are stored on an inventory by a data collection program, and then are stored on an inventory file. Eventually, the inventory file is processed by a Report and reorder program. Through it, management manipulates the data and authorizes reorders.Look at the system flowchart. It identifies several hardware components, including a computer, a disk drive, a data entry terminal, a printer, and a display terminal. Tow programs are needed: Process transaction and Report and reorder. In addition to the hardware and the programs, we’ll need data structures for the inventory file and for data flows between the I/O devices and the software. Note that system flow chart illustrates one possible solution; a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one.The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical components. Since the data link the components, the next task is defining the data structures. Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data elements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file’s data structure can be planned.How should the file be organized? That depends on how it will be accessed. For example, in some applications, data are processed at regular, predictable intervals. Typically, the data are collected over time and processed together, as a batch. If batch processing is acceptable, a sequential file organization is probably best.It is not always possible to wait until a batch of transactions is collected, however. For example, consider an air defense early warning system. If an unidentified aircraft is spotted, it must be identified immediately; the idea of waiting until 5:00 p. m because “that’s when the air defense program is run” is absurd. Instead, because of the need for quick response, each transaction must be processed as it occurs. Generally, such transaction processing systems call for direct access file.Our inventory system has tow programs. One processes transactions. A direct access inventory file seems a reasonable choice. The other allows management to study inventory data occasionally; batch processing would certainly do. Should the inventory file be organized sequentially or directly? Faced with such a choice, a good analyst considers both options. One possible system might accept transactions and process them as they occur. As an alternative, sales slips might be collected throughout the day and programs would deal with direct access files; in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system.ImplementationOnce the system’s major components have been identified, we can begin to develop them. Our system includes two programs, several pieces of equipment, and a number of data structures. During implementation, each program is planned and written using the techniques described in Chapter 7. Files are created, and their contents checked. New hardware is purchased, installed, and tested. Additionally, operating procedures are written and evaluated. Once all the component parts are ready, the system is tested. Assuming the user is satisfied, the finished system is released.SummaryA system is a collection of hardware, software, data, and procedural components that work together to accomplish an objective. A program is but one component in a system.System are planned and designed by system analysts who generally follow a well-defined, methodical process. The first step in the process is problem definition, when the analyst attempts to discover exactly what the user needs. Often, following a preliminary problem definition, a feasibility study is conducted to determine if the problem can be solved.Given a clear problem definition, analysis begins. During this stage, the analyst develops a logical model of the system. Key functions are linked through a data flow diagram. Using the diagram as a tool, the data flows are traced, and the system’s data elements are identified and recorded in a data dictionary. After the logical system is reviewed with the user, design begins.During design, the analyst develops a model of the physical system. A system flowchart can be used to map the system, defining each physical component as a symbol. A good systems analyst considers a number of alternative solutions to the problem before settling on one. Implementation follows design. Programs are planned and written; hardware is ordered and installed; procedures are written; files and databases are initialized; and, finally, the pieces are assembled and tested. Following release of the system, maintenance begins.中文译文：信息管理系统Wiliam K.Thomson U.S.A摘要：一个信息存储，查询和检索系统主要应用于大(千兆字节)的需要存档的文字领域。
工程项目管理英文摘要
Abstract:Engineering project management is a critical field that involves the application of project management principles, tools, and techniques to the planning, execution, and control of engineering projects. This abstract provides an overview of the key concepts, methodologies, and challenges in engineering project management. The purpose of this abstract is to highlight the importance of effective project management in engineering projects and to provide insights into the various aspects of the field.I. IntroductionEngineering projects are complex endeavors that require a coordinated effort from multiple stakeholders, including engineers, designers, contractors, suppliers, and clients. Effective project management is essential to ensure that these projects are completed on time, within budget, and meet the required quality standards. This abstract aims to provide a comprehensive overview of engineering project management, covering its key concepts, methodologies, and challenges.II. Key Concepts in Engineering Project ManagementA. Project ManagementProject management is the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet the project requirements. It involves planning, executing, and controlling project activities to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and meets the required quality standards.B. Engineering ProjectsEngineering projects are unique, complex, and interdisciplinary in nature. They involve the application of scientific and engineering principles to design, build, and operate infrastructure, systems, and products. Examples of engineering projects include the construction of buildings, roads, bridges, and power plants.C. Project LifecycleThe project lifecycle consists of several phases, including initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing. Each phase has specific objectives and deliverables that contribute to the successful completion of the project.III. Methodologies in Engineering Project ManagementA. Project PlanningProject planning is the process of defining the project scope, objectives, deliverables, and the resources required to complete the project. It involves identifying the project stakeholders, defining the project requirements, and developing a project schedule and budget.B. Project ExecutionProject execution is the process of implementing the project plan and delivering the project outputs. It involves coordinating the activities of the project team, managing risks, and ensuring that the project is progressing according to the plan.C. Project Monitoring and ControllingProject monitoring and controlling is the process of tracking theproject's progress and performance against the project plan and making necessary adjustments to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and meets the required quality standards.D. Project ClosingProject closing is the process of formally completing the project and documenting its outcomes. It involves reviewing the project's performance, celebrating the successes, and learning from the failures.IV. Challenges in Engineering Project ManagementA. Scope CreepScope creep refers to the uncontrolled expansion of a project's scope beyond its original objectives. It can lead to delays, cost overruns, and quality issues. Effective project management practices, such asscope management and change control, can help mitigate the risks associated with scope creep.B. CommunicationCommunication is a critical aspect of project management. In engineering projects, stakeholders come from diverse backgrounds and may have different expectations and requirements. Effective communication can help ensure that all stakeholders are aligned and that the project objectives are achieved.C. Risk ManagementEngineering projects are often subject to various risks, including technical, financial, and environmental risks. Effective risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating these risks to minimize their impact on the project.D. Resource ManagementResource management is the process of planning, acquiring, and managing the resources required to complete the project. This includes human resources, materials, equipment, and finances. Effective resource management can help ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget.V. ConclusionEngineering project management is a critical field that requires a comprehensive understanding of project management principles, methodologies, and tools. Effective project management can help ensure that engineering projects are completed on time, within budget, and meet the required quality standards. This abstract has provided an overview of the key concepts, methodologies, and challenges in engineeringproject management, highlighting the importance of effective project management in achieving project success.Keywords: engineering project management, project lifecycle, project planning, project execution, project monitoring and controlling, projectclosing, scope creep, communication, risk management, resource management.。
公司管理的英文作文范文
公司管理的英文作文范文英文：Managing a company is a challenging yet rewarding task. It requires strong leadership, effective communication, and the ability to make tough decisions. As a manager, I am responsible for overseeing the day-to-day operations of the company, setting goals and objectives, and ensuring thatall employees are working towards the same vision.One of the most important aspects of company management is communication. It's essential to be able to clearly convey expectations, provide feedback, and address any issues that may arise. For example, when I noticed that there was a lack of communication between different departments in the company, I implemented regular team meetings and set up a communication platform to facilitate better collaboration.Another crucial aspect of managing a company is makingstrategic decisions. This requires me to analyze data, evaluate potential risks, and weigh the pros and cons of different options. For instance, when we were considering expanding our product line, I conducted market research and consulted with industry experts to make an informed decision.In addition to communication and decision-making, effective leadership is also essential in company management. I strive to lead by example and motivate my team to achieve their best. I often use the phrase "lead from the front" to emphasize the importance of being actively involved in the day-to-day operations and setting a positive example for others to follow.中文：管理一家公司是一项具有挑战性但又令人满足的任务。
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掌握NE5000E/80E/40E产品的体系结构 掌握NE5000E/80E/40E的单板构成 掌握NE5000E/80E/40E换板操作 了解NE5000E/80E/40E升级操作 论文中英文摘要
作者姓名：陈国浒
论文题目：长白山天池火山形变监测与模拟研究
作者简介：陈国浒，男，1981年10月出生，2004年7月师从于中
国地震局地质研究所单新建研究员，于2007年7月获硕士学位。
中 文 摘 要 本文结合差分合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术（D-InSAR）和计算机数值模拟技术对长白山地区的形变监测进行了研究。采用成熟的D-InSAR技术，获取了位于长白山东南侧的间白山火山1995~1998年间的干涉形变场；在长白山地区架设角反射器，开展CR-InSAR技术在长白山地区的试验研究；利用2002~2003年的GPS和水准获取的形变数据采用Mogi点源模型和Okada拉张位错源模型进行反演，获取了长白山地区岩浆囊的最佳参数；最后利用反演结果正演了D-InSAR获取的形变场；分析了研究区火山活动的规律及其与断裂、地震活动等的关系，对研究区火山活动的态势和危险性作了简单评估。在吸收和借鉴前人工作成果的基础上，本论文取得了如下的结果和认识： 调研分析火山地区形变监测的手段和研究现状 地形变是监测岩浆活动和预测火山喷发的主要手段之一，虽然一些地体活动和形变在喷发前并没有处于峰值点，但多数火山在喷发前确有很明显的地表形变。精确的地表形变监测可用于火山活动和火山爆发预测等方面的研究。地形变数据的数值模拟可以提供关于火山岩浆囊（规模、压力、形态和深度等）及其相关的水热系统的地下构造方面的重要信息。 2
本论文详细介绍和讨论了目前火山形变监测手段的应用现状和不足，提出InSAR技术在火山区形变监测的优势，并由此提出了本文的选题意义和科学目标。 调研分析长白山地区的地质构造背景和研究进展 “九五”、“十五”期间国内学者对火山活动开展了比较全面的研究，包括火山地质、地球物理、形变监测、矿物学、岩石学、地球化学、年代测定和火山活动的环境效应、灾害预测与监控等。研究表明：长白山火山正处于由初始扰动状态向动荡状态演化阶段，是我国目前最具喷发危险性的火山。 通过对长白山地区的地质构造背景和研究进展的分析，为我们后续开展工作提供借鉴、参考，并能对本文研究得出的结论进行检验和论证。 利用D-InSAR技术获取了1995~1998年长白山地区的形变场 长白山火山地区地形复杂、气候条件恶劣，目前常规的火山形变监测手段（水准测量和GPS形变监测）很难从较大区域来研究火山的形变特征，InSAR技术凭借其独特的优势可以直接获取大范围的、连续空间覆盖的火山形变的定量化基础数据。 本论文分别对2景ENVISAT数据（20041015、20051104）和5景JERS-1数据（19930615、19940829、19950816、19980707、19980820）进行了分析处理。其中ENVISAT数据因为相干性差而未能获得形变场信息。对JERS-1数据进行处理，获取了一系列干涉图、差分干涉图、相干性图像和强度图等产品。其中19950816/19980820这对JERS数据的计算结果比较理想，其差分干涉图显示在1995~1998年期间长白山天池火山东南角位于朝鲜境内的间白山火山大约有6~12cm左右的隆起。尽管没有其他可以进行相互对比验证的资料和数据，但间白山地区较为频繁的地震活动，可从一定程度上证实这一区域的活动性。 在长白山地区进行了CR－InSAR技术试验研究 虽然InSAR技术弥补了以往各种测量手段（如常规水准测量，GPS 测量）的不足，能够对地表进行大面积形变监测，具有很大的优势，但其局限性却也不容忽略，如时间去相干、空间去相干和大气扰动造成的延迟等问题，都会给干涉形变测量带来误差。CRInSAR 和PSInSAR 技术的出现有效地提高了重轨图像系列的时间相干性和空间相干性，实现了植被茂密地区的微量形变观测，测量精度也较常规InSAR测量精度有所提 3
高。 在进行了一系列前期准备工作（包括相关地质背景资料的分析、光学影像的解译、地形地貌的分析等）后，于2006年8月在长白山天池火山周围布设了10个角反射器点，并于2007年4月13日获取了架设角反射器后的第一景ENVISAT数据，通过影像特征分析发现了7个角反射点位，没发现的三个点位海拔都在1600m以上，可能是因为影像获取时长白山积雪尚未融化所致。 利用Mogi点源模型和Okada拉张位错源模型进行反演 为了研究不同时段地下岩浆活动特点，笔者便利用1995-1998年InSAR资料，以及2002~2003年的水准和GPS观测数据进行模拟研究。
尝试了不同模型和不同模型组合，分别利用Mogi单源、Mogi双源、Okada三轴拉张模型、Mogi双源和Okada拉张模型的联合等进行反演计算。最终通过误差分析发现，Mogi双源模型拟合效果最佳，两个点源一个位于长白山天池老火山口下方7.9km处，另一个位于间白山火山下方5.5km处。Mogi双源模型还跟InSAR结果具有一定的一致性，利用双源模型正演InSAR形变场也取得了比较好的效果。创造性地利用Okada三轴拉张模型进行了反演计算，计算结果表明：三轴拉张源位于天池火山口偏北处，NNE和NWW方向拉张明显，跟深部探测资料结果对应较好，被认为是天池下方压力源更详细的状态描述。天池火山和间白山火山岩浆囊位置的连线方向与该地区一条地震活动性很强隐伏断裂的走向基本一致，推测两岩浆囊之间可能存在岩浆通道，岩浆的活动和运移可能是造成该断裂和地震活动的原因。长白山地区火山活动在时间上具有间歇性，在空间上存在迁移性。该火山区活动可能正在从初始扰动期开始向动荡期过渡，应加强火山地震、形变、水化活动性监测尤其是固定站连续观测，以预测其喷发的危险性。
关键词： D-InSAR CR-InSAR 长白山天池火山 Mogi点源模型 Okada拉张模型 火山岩浆囊参数 4
Deformation monitoring and simulation research of Mt.Changbai Tianchi volcano Chen GuoHu
ABSTRACT This thesis is a study on the deformation monitoring of the Tianchi volcano in the Changbai Mountains by using the techniques of differential interferometry synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) and computer numerical simulation. Using D-InSAR technology the deformation field of 1995～1998 of Jianbaishan volcano which lies in the southeast of Mt. Changbai is obtained. Ten corner reflectors have beed installed around Mt. Changbai in order to carry out test research of CR-InSAR technique. Using the data of GPS and leveling surveying of 2002-2003, the Mogi's Point Source model and Okada's tensile point source model inversion is made to obtain the optimum parameters of magma chamber in the Mt. Changbai volcano; andthe inversion results are applied to forward simulation of the deformation field from D-InSAR. This work is on the basis of previous the studies, and the main results and innovation are as follows: ①Investigating the means of deformation monitoring around volcano areas and the current situation of research. Deformation observation is the main means to monitor the activity of magmatic and forecast volcano eruptions. Although some tectonic activity and deformation cannot be at the peak before eruption, the majority of the volcanic eruptions did have obvious surface deformation. Accurate measurements of surface deformation can be used for the research of volcanic activity and volcanic eruption prediction. The surface deformation data can be used for numerical simulation in order to get parameters of volcanic magma chambers (size,