广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校2019届高三第一次(8月)联考理综化学试题Word版含解析

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广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校高三物理第一次(8月)

七校联合体2019届高三第一次联考试卷（8月）理科综合物理二、选择题：本题共8小题，每小题6分，共48分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，第14-18题只有一项符合题目要求，第19-21题有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得6分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

14．质点做直线运动的速度—时间图象如图所示，该质点（）A．在第1秒末速度方向发生了改变B．在第2秒末加速度方向发生了改变C．第1秒末和第3秒末的位置相同D．在前6秒内发生的位移为零15．我国女子短道速滑队在2013年世锦赛上实现女子3000m接力三连冠。

观察发现，“接棒”的运动员甲提前站在“交棒”的运动员乙前面，并且开始向前滑行，待乙追上甲时，乙猛推甲一把，使甲获得更大的速度向前冲出。

在乙推甲的过程中，忽略运动员与冰面间在水平方向上的相互作用，则（）A.甲对乙的冲量一定等于乙对甲的冲量B.甲、乙的动量变化一定大小相等方向相反C.甲的动能增加量一定等于乙的动能减少量D.甲对乙做多少负功，乙对甲就一定做多少正功16．如图，实验中分别用波长为λ1、λ2的单色光照射光电管的阴极K，测得相应的遏止电压分别为U1和U2,设电子的质量为m，带电荷量为e，真空中的光速为c，下列说法正确的是( )A. 若λ1>λ2，则U1>U2B. 根据题述条件无法算出阴极K金属的极限频率C. 用λ1照射时，光电子的最大初动能为eU1D. 入射光的波长与光电子的最大初动能成正比17．下图是两个等量异种电荷形成的电场，AB为中垂线上两点，CD为两电荷连线上两点，且A、B、C、D与O点间距离相等，则（）A．A、B、C、D 四点场强相同B．C点电势比D点电势低C．正电荷从A运动到B，电场力不做功aD ．正电荷从C 运动到D ，电势能增加18．如图，同一平面内有两根互相平行的长直导线M 和N ，通有等大反向的电流，该平面内的a 、b 两点关于导线N 对称，且a 点与两导线的距离相等。

广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校2019届高三第二次联考(11月)理综化学试题 Word版含答案

2019届“七校”十一月联考理科综合能力测试7．化学与环境、材料、信息、生活关系密切,下列说法正确的是 ( )A．硫、氮、碳的氧化物是形成酸雨的主要物质B．“山东疫苗案”涉及疫苗未冷藏储运而失效,这与蛋白质变性有关C．刚玉、红宝石主要成分是氧化铝,玛瑙、分子筛主要成分是硅酸盐D．乳酸铁是某些补铁口服液的有效成分8．下列化学用语正确的是（）A．氯化钠的分子式：NaClB．NH4Br的电子式：C．比例模型可以表示二氧化硫分子，也可以表示二氧化碳分子D．Mg5(Si4O10)2(OH)2•4H2O的氧化物形式：5MgO•8SiO2•5H2O9．用N A表示阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列说法正确的是( )A．电解精炼铜,当外电路通过N A个电子时,阳极质量减小32 gB．反应3H 2(g)+N2(g)2NH3(g)ΔH=-92 kJ·mol-1,当放出9.2 kJ热量时,反应的N2为2.24L C．常温常压下27克Al与33.6L氯气完全反应，电子转移数小于3N AD． 1 mol·L-1氯化铜溶液中,若Cl-的数目为2N A,则Cu2+的数目为N A10．下列实验不能达到实验目的或者实验操作不正确的是( )11．已知X、Y、Z是三种原子序数依次增大的短周期元素。

甲、乙、丙分别是三种元素形成的单质,A、B、C、D分别是由三种元素中的两种形成的化合物,且A与C中均含有10个电子。

它们之间转化关系如下图所示。

下列说法正确的是( )A．原子半径:Z>Y>XB．稳定性:A>CC．反应②和③均为吸热反应D．X、Y、Z可以形成离子化合物12．通过电解法分离NaHSO3与Na2SO3混合物,其装置如下图。

下列说法不正确的是( ) A．阳极的电极反应式为4OH--4e-==2HO+O2↑B．阳极区c(H+)增大,H+由a室经阳离子交换膜进入b室C．外电路每转移0.2 mol电子,有0.2 mol Na+从b室进入c室D．c室得到Na2SO3的原因是OH-+HSO3-==H2O+SO32-13．常温下,浓度均为1.0 mol·L-1的HX溶液、HY溶液、HY和 NaY的混合溶液,分别加水稀释,稀释后溶液的pH随浓度的变化如右图所示,下列叙述正确的是( )A． HX是强酸,溶液每稀释10倍,pH始终增大1B．常温下HY的电离常数为1.0×10-4C．溶液中水的电离程度:a点大于b点D．c点溶液中:c(Na+)>c(Y-)>c(HY)>c(H+)>c(OH-)26.(15分)碘化钠用作甲状腺肿瘤防治剂、祛痰剂和利尿剂等. 实验室用NaOH、单质碘和水合肼(N2H4·H2O)为原料可制备碘化钠。

2019届广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校高三第一次(8月)联考英语试题(解析版)

2019届广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校高三第一次（8月）联考英语试题（解析版）考试用时：120分钟满分：120分命题学校：普宁二中命题人：审题人：第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校2019届高三第一次(8月)联考语文试题(解析版)

七校联合体2019届高三第一次联考试卷（8月）语文科目附答案一、现代文阅读（一）论述类文本阅读（本题共3小题，9分）阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

百年中国美学的现代建构离不开对西方美学的借鉴，但这种借鉴乃是一个首先“学西”、继而“化西”的创造性现代转化的过程，某种意义上也是中西互鉴的特殊形态，从而达到中西美学不同程度的创新融合。

中国现代美学主要奠基人之一的王国维，早在20世纪初，在译介叔本华悲观主义意志论哲学著述的基础上，撰写了迥异于传统思想的《红楼梦评论》；借鉴康德美学“鉴赏判断的四个契机”说，首次提出“一切之美，皆形式之美也”的重要主张，并建构起具有中国传统特质的“古雅”说；借鉴德国古典美学诸家，对中国古典美学尤其是先秦道家美学思想作了深刻反思，自觉把二者加以融会贯通，写出了《人间词话》这一中国现代美学的奠基之作，创建了以“境界”为核心范畴、意蕴丰厚的创新美学体系，对传统的“意境”说作出了具有现代性的创造性开拓。

王国维之所以在融通中西上作出如此巨大的贡献，与他具有超越中西学术二元对立的现代视野有密切关系。

他主张“学无中西”，批评持中学、西学二分的“俗说”，“虑西学之盛之妨中学，与虑中学之盛之妨西学者，均不根之说也”，认为“余谓中西二学，盛则俱盛，衰则俱衰，风气既开，互相推助。

且居今日之世，讲今日之学，未有西学不兴，而中学能兴者；亦未有中学不兴，而西学能兴者。

”这样一种关于中西学术互助、互动、互促、互鉴的精彩之论，至今仍不失其高远眼光和宏大气度。

另一位中国现代美学的主要奠基人蔡元培，在国内最早全面介绍了康德的美学思想，对康德关于审美四契机说，运用儒家思想作了“超脱”“普遍”“有则”“必然”的创造性阐述；从儒家以德为本的思想出发，借鉴康德有关思想并加以吸收融化，同时借鉴席勒的美育理论，强调“涵养德性，则莫若提倡美育”，进而提出了中国现代美学史上具有里程碑意义的“美育代宗教”说。

还有梁启超，前期以启蒙为宗旨，强调文艺改造人心的社会功能，提出了诗、文、小说的三界革命论，目的在“新民立人”或曰“移人”；后来借鉴西方哲学智、情、意三分理论，用儒家思想加以化用，提出以“情感教育”“趣味教育”为中心、以文学艺术为主要内容和形式的“趣味主义”美学主张，在上世纪20年代产生了广泛影响。

广东省中山一中仲元中学等七校2019届高三英语第一次8月联考试题【word版】.doc

2019届高三第一次联考英语试卷考试用时：120分钟满分：120分第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIt’s almost camp season!Summer is wonderful. Summer at one of the following awesome camps? Even more wonderful.Tahosa High Adventure BaseLocation: Ward, ColoradoPeople puzzle: Tahosa’s ropes courses are some of the nation’s best. Use your hands, feet and brains to take up high-flying challenges and overcome your fears. Fly fishing at 9,000 feet? Yes. Fishing licenses or experience needed? No, sir!Choose your adventure: Go all-inclusive, where the staff prepares meals and runs the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours.Camp RaymondLocation: Parks, ArizonaDon’t look down: When looki ng up at the stars, light pollution is your enemy. But Camp Raymond’s location and elevation (海拔) of 6,700 feet offer perfect conditions for seeing otherwise invisible stars.That’s cool: Don’t forget your camera and a jacket. During the day, you could spot bears and deer. At night, temperatures can fall sharply. Hot cocoa at summer camp? Cool.Pamlico Sea BaseLocation: Blounts Creek, North Carolina.Go coastal: Explore the Carolina coast by boat. You choose the route, andPamlico provides the equipment. Keep an eye out for wild horses, lighthouses and boatloads of fish.Set sail: Even if you don’t know the difference between starboard and star-lord, Pamlico’s sailing journey will make you a first-rate sailor in no time. You’ll even practice finding your way using the stars.Base CampLocation: St. Paul, MinnesotaBig upgrade: What happens when you change a 1907 cavalry drill hall (骑兵训练场) into an adventure destination in the heart of the city? You get Base Camp for overnight lock-ins, weekend retreats (隐居处) and summer camp.Inside out: Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the activities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winter’s coldest days.1. What do we know about Tahosa High Adventure Base?A. It requires fishing licensesB. It offers lessons on flying a planeC. It’s a camp that is intended for brave kidsD. It is a camp where you can set your own pace2. What can be learned in Pamlico Sea Base?A. How to tell starboard from star-lord B How to choose camping equipmentC. How to use the stars for directionsD. How to make a boat on your own3 In which camp can kids climb walls inside on winter days?A. Base CampB. Camp RaymondC. Pamlico Sea BaseD. Tahosa High Adventure Base.B“You’ll be blind by the time you’re twent y-five,” a doctor at Children’s Hospital predicted. “Your blood sugars are much too high.” It consumed me. No matter where I was or what I was doing, it was overhead like a dark cloud, waiting for just the right opportunity to break open and destroy my world.I liked painting. Losing myself in painting filled me with peace. Painting provided me with the only place where I could escape from those threateningwords.When I was twenty-one, my right eye went blind. Precisely three months after my twenty-fifth birthday, I had a massive hemorrhage (大出血) in my left eye because of an accident. For the next twenty years, vision came and went. I went through many eye operations in an attempt to keep my vision. But after one final operation, I lost the battle and all remaining vision. And I buried all dreams of painting.Desperate, I enrolled in (注册) a sixteen-week program for the blind and visually impaired (损伤的). I learned personal adjustment and the use of a computer with adaptive software. A whole new world opened up to me through this program.“Jaws and Window-Eyes are leading software for the blind,” my instructor told me. “You can use the Internet, e-mail and Microsoft with all its tools and features.” It’s amazing! Hope went up for the first time in years. “By le arning how to use hot keys to control the mouse, you can use Microsoft Access, Excel and Powerpoint,” my instructor added.For the next several years, I learned that when one door closes, another door opens. There are plenty of choices available for the blind and visually impaired through the gift of technology. Not only do I have a speaking computer, but I have a speaking watch, alarm clock and calculator.4. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The right opportunity.B. Losing my sight in the future.C. Consuming too much sugarD. The children’s hospital.5. What happened when the author was 25 years old?A. He gave up painting.B. He went blind completelyC. He injured one of his eyes.D. He picked up a new hobby6. What brought a turning point to the author?A. A special course.B. A meaningful eventC. An inspiring speech.D. An important interview.7. What does the author intend to tell us?A. No pain, no gain.B. Every man has his price.C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D. Be optimistic in the face oflife’s difficulties.CThese days, I walk down the steps leading toward the south end of the All England Club in Wimbledon, and still look for the Crow’s Nest, a small green observation tower with an outer ladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds, but which has since been knocked down.The Crow’s Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep trackof the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.Twenty-seven years later, the press room has touch screens that allow us to watch live videos from any court, and even go back to watch key moments in key matches long after they have finished. You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.More than at any other tennis tournament, there is also an appetite for stories that deal with the setting, the history and the traditions.If they change the price of the fish tacos (鱼肉卷饼) at the United States Open, it’s not a story. If they change the price of the strawberries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It’s time to email your editor using capital letters.The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be played. Now tennis is a sure thing on Centre Court, which has made tennis reporters a bit less creative. But at least it guarantees us daily access to the most atmospheric place in the sport.So much has changed, but Centre Court remains true to its original spirit: more a theater than a stadium. Catching that feeling is part of covering Wimbledon, too.8. What did the author do on the Crow’s Nest in the past?A. He made friends with reporters.B. He reported on tennis matches.C. He appreciated the beautiful scenery.D. He exchanged experiences with tennis players.9. What does the author think of the new way of covering Wimbledon?A. It lacks fun.B. It is expensiveC. It is not convenient.D. It is not quick enough10. Why does the author mention strawberries and cream?A. To compare popular foods.B. To introduce the typical treat at Wimbledon.C. To describe people’s craze for traditional dishes.D. To show the traditions of Wimbledon are an attraction.11. What difference does the new roof make?A. Audiences have easier access to a tennis court.B. There’s less fun in watching Wimbledon indoors.C. Reporters are struggling to find original material.D. rainy-day stories about Wimbledon have become history.DOn January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins.Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner.France’s food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110,000 tons of goods received annually, only 36,000 tons comes from supermarkets. Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France; an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.12. What should stores do with nearly-expired food?A. Throw it away.B. Send it to the hungry.C. Store it in refrigerators.D. Give it away to food banks.13. What does the underlined word “excess” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Extra.B. Cheap.C. Seasonal.D. Returned.14. What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?A. They have a lot of expired food.B. They will get much benefit from the law.C. Their food is enough for the people in need.D. Their food mainly comes from supermarkets.15. What does Dermabarsh plan to do?A. Build more food banks in France.B. Make the law take effect in more places.C. Organize a campaign to promote this law.D. Raise consumers awareness of waste reduction.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

【精编文档】广东省中山一中等七校联合体2019届高三理综冲刺模拟试卷.doc

广东省中山一中等七校联合体2019届高三理综冲刺模拟试题1.下列有关生物膜中膜蛋白的叙述，错误的是A．膜上载体蛋白和受体蛋白均具有特异性B．载体蛋白和通道蛋白在跨膜运输物质时均消耗ATPC．线粒体内膜比外膜中蛋白质种类和数量都多D．膜蛋白的产生可能需要内质网、高尔基体、细胞膜的参与2.下列关于核酸的说法，正确的是A．基因可通过控制酶的合成来控制生物性状，其中的“酶”都是蛋白质B．DNA指纹鉴定技术依据的原理是DNA分子的多样性C．mRNA上某一特定的密码子所对应的氨基酸可以由多种tRNA转运到核糖体上D．DNA分子上发生碱基对的增添、缺失或替换不一定导致遗传信息的改变3.下列关于基因频率、基因型频率与生物进化的叙述，正确的是A. 因色盲患者中男性多于女性，所以男性群体中色盲基因频率大于女性群体中的B.一个种群中，控制一对相对性状的基因型频率改变说明物种在进化C.基因型为Aa的个体逐代自交，后代所形成的种群中，A基因的频率大于a基因的频率D.可遗传变异为进化提供原材料，突变是生物发生进化的重要原因之一4.图示分泌细胞将产生的分泌物通过体液运输作用于相应的靶细胞，相关叙述正确的是分泌细胞分泌物靶细胞A．分泌细胞产生的分泌物与靶细胞相互结合的原因是靶细胞膜上有载体蛋白B．在某些情况下，靶细胞也可以是分泌细胞C．如果分泌细胞是T细胞，那么此时的靶细胞不可能是B细胞D．如果分泌细胞产生的分泌物为胰高血糖素，则靶细胞可以为肌肉细胞，以升高血糖浓度5.研究发现，正在生长的植物细胞具有“酸生长”特性，即pH 4~5的溶液促进细胞伸长生长。

为了研究这一现象的内在原因，研究者用黄瓜幼苗快速生长的下胚轴切段进行实验。

实验操作及结果如下图。

以下说法不正确的是：A．多细胞植物体的伸长生长是细胞数量和细胞体积增加的结果B．对冰冻融化后的切段进行加热或不加热处理，然后测定切段增加的长度C．由图2结果推测，决定黄瓜切断“酸生长”特性的物质最可能是蛋白质D．生长素促进细胞生长的可能机制是生长素与受体结合，激活了膜上运输H+的泵，将H+从细胞内转运到细胞外的细胞壁中，降低pH，促进细胞壁伸展，进而促进细胞体积增大。

广东省中山一中、仲元中学等七校2019届高三第一次(8月)联考英语试题 (1)

2019届高三第一次联考英语试卷考试用时：120分钟满分：120分命题学校：普宁二中命题人：审题人：第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AIt’s almost camp season!Summer is wonderful. Summer at one of the following awesome camps? Even more wonderful. Tahosa High Adventure BaseLocation: Ward, ColoradoPeople puzzle: Tahosa’s ropes courses are some of the nation’s best. Use your hands, feet and brains to take up high-flying challenges and overcome your fears. Fly fishing at 9,000 feet? Yes. Fishing licenses or experience needed? No, sir!Choose your adventure: Go all-inclusive, where the staff prepares meals and runs the program, or take control and plan your perfect week. The choice is yours.Camp RaymondLocation: Parks, ArizonaDon’t look down: When looking up at the stars, light pollution is your enemy. But Camp Raymond’s location and elevation (海拔) of 6,700 feet offer perfect conditions for seeing otherwise invisible stars.That’s cool: Don’t forget your camera and a jacket. During the day, you could spot bears and deer. At night, temperatures can fall sharply. Hot cocoa at summer camp? Cool.Pamlico Sea BaseLocation: Blounts Creek, North Carolina.Go coastal: Explore the Carolina coast by boat. You choose the route, and Pamlico provides the equipment. Keep an eye out for wild horses, lighthouses and boatloads of fish.Set sail: Even if you don’t know the difference between starboard and star-lord, Pamlico’s sailingjourney will make you a first-rate sailor in no time. You’ll even pr actice finding your way using the stars.Base CampLocation: St. Paul, MinnesotaBig upgrade: What happens when you change a 1907 cavalry drill hall (骑兵训练场) into an adventure destination in the heart of the city? You get Base Camp for overnight lock-ins, weekend retreats (隐居处) and summer camp.Inside out: Most of Base Camp is indoors, meaning the activities like climbing walls can be undertaken on winter’s coldest days.1. What do we know about Tahosa High Adventure Base?A. It requires fishing licensesB. It offers lessons on flying a planeC. It’s a camp that is intended for brave kidsD. It is a camp where you can set your own pace2. What can be learned in Pamlico Sea Base?A. How to tell starboard from star-lord B How to choose camping equipmentC. How to use the stars for directionsD. How to make a boat on your own3 In which camp can kids climb walls inside on winter days?A. Base CampB. Camp RaymondC. Pamlico Sea BaseD. Tahosa High Adventure Base.B“You’ll be blind by the time you’re twenty-five,” a doctor at Children’s Hospital predicted. “Your blood sugars are much too high.” It consumed me. No matter where I was or what I was doing, it was overhead like a dark cloud, waiting for just the right opportunity to break open and destroy my world.I liked painting. Losing myself in painting filled me with peace. Painting provided me with the only place where I could escape from those threatening words.When I was twenty-one, my right eye went blind. Precisely three months after my twenty-fifth birthday, I had a massive hemorrhage (大出血) in my left eye because of an accident. For the next twenty years, vision came and went. I went through many eye operations in an attempt to keep my vision. But after one final operation, I lost the battle and all remaining vision. And I buried all dreams of painting.Desperate, I enrolled in (注册) a sixteen-week program for the blind and visually impaired (损伤的). I learned personal adjustment and the use of a computer with adaptive software. A whole new world opened up to me through this program.“Jaws and Window-Eyes are leading software for the blind,” my instructor told me. “You can use the Internet, e-mail and Microsoft with all its tools and features.” I t’s amazing! Hope went up for the first time in years. “By learning how to use hot keys to control the mouse, you can use Microsoft Access, Excel and Powerpoint,” my instructor added.For the next several years, I learned that when one door closes, another door opens. There are plenty of choices available for the blind and visually impaired through the gift of technology. Not only do I have a speaking computer, but I have a speaking watch, alarm clock and calculator.4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A. The right opportunity.B. Losing my sight in the future.C. Consuming too much sugarD. The children’s hospital.5. What happened when the author was 25 years old?A. He gave up painting.B. He went blind completelyC. He injured one of his eyes.D. He picked up a new hobby6. What brought a turning point to the author?A. A special course.B. A meaningful eventC. An inspiring speech.D. An important interview.7. What does the author intend to tell us?A. No pain, no gain.B. Every man has his price.C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.D. Be optimistic in the face of life’s difficulties.CThese days, I walk down the steps leading toward the south end of the All England Club in Wimbledon, and still look for the Crow’s Nest, a small green obs ervation tower with an outer ladder that I used to climb on for a wide view of the grounds, but which has since been knocked down.The Crow’s Nest was a particularly useful point, because it allowed a tennis writer to keep track of the action on as many as 10 outside courts at a time. At days end, reporters from different nations would share notes on what they had observed all over the grounds.Twenty-seven years later, the press room has touch screens that allow us to watch live videos from any court, and even go back to watch key moments in key matches long after they have finished. You could cover Wimbledon without leaving your seat. But that is a bit like spending all your time ordering room service and looking up fun facts on Wikipedia.More than at any other tennis tournament, there is also an appetite for stories that deal with the setting, the history and the traditions.If they change the price of the fish tacos (鱼肉卷饼) at the United States Open, it’s not a story. If they change the price of the straw berries and cream, the signature treat at Wimbledon. It’s time to email your editor using capital letters.The new retractable (可伸缩的) roof was put in place in 2009. Until then, you always had to have a rainy-day story in your notebook because there were no guarantees any matches would be played. Now tennis is a sure thing on Centre Court, which has made tennis reporters a bit less creative. But at least it guarantees us daily access to the most atmospheric place in the sport.So much has changed, but Centre Court remains true to its original spirit: more a theater than a stadium. Catching that feeling is part of covering Wimbledon, too.8. What did the author do on the Crow’s Nest in the past?A. He made friends with reporters.B. He reported on tennis matches.C. He appreciated the beautiful scenery.D. He exchanged experiences with tennis players.9. What does the author think of the new way of covering Wimbledon?A. It lacks fun.B. It is expensiveC. It is not convenient.D. It is not quick enough10. Why does the author mention strawberries and cream?A. To compare popular foods.B. To introduce the typical treat at Wimbledon.C. To describe people’s craze for traditional dishes.D. To show the traditions of Wimbledon are an attraction.11. What difference does the new roof make?A. Audiences have easier access to a tennis court.B. There’s less fun in watching Wimbledon indoors.C. Reporters are struggling to find original material.D. rainy-day stories about Wimbledon have become history.DOn January 13, 2016, France became the first country in the world to pass a law requiring supermarkets to donate food that is approaching its expiration date (保质期) instead of throwing it away. The regulation that applies to supermarkets over 4,000 square feet requires stores to sign official donation agreements with local food banks.The law also makes it illegal for stores to pour water over nearly-expired food, or store it inside locked warehouses until it is picked up by the garbage trucks. These measures are often undertaken by supermarkets to prevent the hungry from searching for food through the dustbins. Though that may appear cruel, the stores claim they do it to avoid potential food poisoning that could occur if the product is on its way past its expiry. Those who do not obey the new law face the risk of heavy fines.Also, excess goods like yogurt or milk that are likely to go bad quickly are now allowed to be donated directly to the food banks. Though this has always been possible, the current process is long and complex, making it difficult for producers to give away the food in a timely manner. France’s food banks are of course thrilled about the possibility of receiving extra food. Jacques Bailet, who heads a network of French food banks called the Banques Alimentaires, says that of the 110,000 tons of goods received annually, only 36,000 tons comes from supermarkets. Bailet estimates (估计) that just a 15% increase in supermarket donations would translate to over 10 million additional meals to feed the hungry each year.Though this is a great first step, Arash Dermabarsh, the activist responsible for the grassroots movement that led to the ban, is not done. He now wants to extend the law to other places like restaurants and also try to convince other countries in the European Union to pass similar regulations. These steps are necessary because of the over 9 million tons of food wasted in France; an astonishing 67% is thrown away by consumers, with supermarkets and restaurants making up the rest.12. What should stores do with nearly-expired food?A. Throw it away.B. Send it to the hungry.C. Store it in refrigerators.D. Give it away to food banks.13. What does the underlined word “excess” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Extra.B. Cheap.C. Seasonal.D. Returned.14. What might Bailet agree with about the French food banks?A. They have a lot of expired food.B. They will get much benefit from the law.C. Their food is enough for the people in need.D. Their food mainly comes from supermarkets.15. What does Dermabarsh plan to do?A. Build more food banks in France.B. Make the law take effect in more places.C. Organize a campaign to promote this law.D. Raise consumers awareness of waste reduction.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

广东省中山市第一中学2019届高三入门考试化学试题

广东省中山市第一中学2019届高三入门考试化学试题7．化学与生产、生活密切相关。

下列叙述中正确的是A．木糖醇(CH2OH(CHOH)3CH2OH)可作糖尿病人的甜味剂，属于糖类B．2014年在西非国家爆发了埃博拉疫情，埃博拉病毒对化学药品敏感，乙醇、次氯酸钠溶液均可以将病毒氧化而达到消毒的目的C．卤水煮豆腐是Mg2+、Ca2+等使蛋白质变性的过程D．维生素C具有还原性，食品中添加维生素C既作营养强化剂又作抗氧化剂8．N A表示阿伏伽德罗常数，下列叙述正确的是A．向1L0.3mol/L NaOH溶液中通入0.2molCO2，溶液中CO32－和HCO3－的数目均为0.1N AB．2L 0.5mol•L－1硫酸钾溶液中阴离子所带电荷数为N AC．1mol FeI2与足量氯气反应时转移的电子数为3N AD．100g质量分数为46％的乙醇溶液中所含的氢原子数为6N A9．已知伞形酮可用雷琐苯乙酮和苹果酸在一定条件下反应制得。

下列说法中正确的是A．1mol雷琐苯乙酮最多能与3mol Br2发生取代反应B．苹果酸能形成一种缩聚产物是C．1mol伞形酮与足量NaOH溶液反应，最多可消耗2mol NaOHD．雷琐苯乙酮、苹果酸、伞形酮都能跟FeCl3溶液发生显色反应10．下列实验中，对应的现象以及结论都正确且两者具有因果关系的是11．利用石墨电极电解1mol/L 氯化钠溶液，并收集阳极气体检验其成分。

已知：O 2能使酸性的淀粉KI 溶液变蓝，不能使中性的淀粉KI 溶液变蓝。

实验：①将气体通入中性的淀粉KI 溶液中，溶液变蓝。

②用足量NaOH 溶液充分洗气，气体体积减少，将剩余气体通入中性的淀粉KI 溶液中，溶液颜色不变，再向溶液中滴加2滴H 2SO 4溶液，溶液变蓝。

③向酸性的淀粉KI 溶液中通入空气，溶液颜色不变。

下列对实验现象的解释或推测不合理．．．的是 A ．根据实验现象可以判断电解时阳极的电极反应式为：2Cl －—2e －Cl 2↑B ．根据实验可以得出反应物的浓度和溶液的pH 会影响物质的氧化性C ．根据实验可以得出中性条件下，氧化性Cl 2＞O 2D ．NaOH 溶液洗气时发生反应的离子方程式为：2OH －＋Cl 2Cl －＋ClO －＋H 2O 12．常温下，用浓度为0.1000mol/L 的盐酸分别逐滴加入到20.00mL0.1000mol/L 的两种一元碱MOH 、ROH 溶液中，pH 随盐酸溶液体积的变化如图所示。

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七校联合体2019届高三第一次联考试卷（8月）理科综合化学 1. 实验室模拟工业漂白液（有效成分为NaClO）脱除废水中氨氮（NH3）的流程如下：

下列分析正确的是( ) A. ①中采用蒸馏的方法精制粗盐水

B. ②中阳极的主要电极反应：4OH--4e-=2H2O+O2↑

C. ③中制备漂白液的反应：Cl2+OH- =Cl-+HClO

D. ②、③、④中均发生了氧化还原反应

【答案】D 【解析】 A. ①中采用蒸馏只能得到蒸馏水，得不到精制盐水，要得到精制盐水需要使用化学方法除

去其中的杂质，故A错误；B. 阳极发生氧化反应，②中阳极的主要电极反应：2Cl――2e－＝Cl2↑，故B错误；C. 生成的氯气与氢氧化钠反应生成次氯酸钠，③中制备漂白

液的反应：Cl2 + 2OH- = Cl- + ClO- + H2O，故C错误；D. ②中电解氯化钠溶液生成氢气和氯气以及氢氧化钠、③中氯气与氢氧化钠反应生成氯化钠和次氯酸钠、④中次氯酸钠与氨气反应生成氮气和氯化钠，均存在元素化合价的变化，发生了氧化还原反应，故D正确；故选D。 2. 化学与生活密切相关。下列有关说法错误的是( )

A. 用灼烧的方法可以区分蚕丝和人造纤维

B. 食用油反复加热会产生稠环芳烃等有害物质

C. 福尔马林可浸制标本，因其可使蛋白质变性的性质

D. 医用消毒酒精中乙醇的浓度为95%

【答案】D 【解析】试题分析：A．蚕丝和人造纤维的主要成分分别是蛋白质、高聚酯，前者灼烧时有烧焦羽毛气味，后者则无此现象，A正确；B．食用油反复加热，其所含的不饱和脂肪酸发生聚合反应，生成生成各类饱和烃类，包括稠环芳香烃（如苯并芘等），稠环芳香烃对人体有害，B错误；C．流感病毒的主要成分是蛋白质，加热可以使蛋白质变性，C正确； D．医用消毒酒精中乙醇的浓度为75%，95%的乙醇能快速使蛋白质表层变性，相当于形成了一层保护膜，但内层蛋白质则不能变性，D正确；答案选B。【考点定位】考查生活中常用物质的主要成分及其用途的辨认。【名师点睛】本题以生活中的化学为载体将相关物质的性质用途和氧化性概念结合在一起进行考查，理清相关物质的用途涉及的化学反应原理及氧化性的概念是本题得分的关键。体现了化学与生活、生产的密切联系，学习过程中要多注意分析生活中的化学问题，多从化学的视角关注生活。 3. 探究浓硫酸和铜的反应，下列装置或操作正确的是( )

............ A. 用装置甲进行铜和浓硫酸的反应 B. 用装置乙收集二氧化硫并吸收尾气

C. 用装置丙稀释反应后的混合液 D. 用装置丁测定余酸的浓度

【答案】C 【解析】试题分析：A、铜和浓硫酸的反应需要加热，装置①没有加热装置，错误；B、SO2的密度比空气大，应用向上排空气法收集，应为长管进气短管出气，错误；C、浓硫酸溶于水放出大量的热，应用装置③稀释反应后的混合液，正确；D、用氢氧化钠溶液滴定余酸，氢氧化钠溶液应放在碱式滴定管中，错误。考点：考查化学实验方案的分析、评价 4. NA代表阿伏加德罗常数，下列说法不正确的是（）

A. 28g乙烯和丙烯中的极性键数目为4NA

B. 32gCu和32gS充分反应，转移电子数为NA

C. 精炼铜，若阳极失去0.1NA个电子，则阴极增重3.2g

D. 等物质的量的钠分别在足量的氧气和氯气中燃烧，转移电子数相等

【答案】B 【解析】【详解】A、乙烯和丙烯的最简式为CH2，28g CH2的物质的量为2mol，而2mol CH2中含有4 mol极性键，所以28g乙烯和丙烯中的极性键数目为4NA，故A正确；B、32gCu的物质的量为0.5mol和32gS的物质的量为1mol, Cu和S充分反应生成Cu2S，可知Cu少量，故以Cu的质量作为标准计算，0.5molCu参与反应，转移电子数为0.5mol，即0.5NA个电子，故B错误；C、精炼铜时，阳极是粗铜，失去电子，阴极是精通，得到电子；阴阳两极得失电子守恒，所以若阳极失去0.1 NA个电子，则阴极铜离子得到0.1 NA个电子生成铜单质，生成铜的物质的量为0.05mol,即3.2g，故C正确；D、，钠与氧气或氯气反应时，其钠元素均由0价升高到+1价，等物质的量的钠分别在足量的氧气和氯气中燃烧，转移的电子数相等，故D正确，故选B。【点睛】本题综合考查阿伏加德罗常数。本题B中铜与硫燃烧反应生成+1价的硫化亚铜。

5. 化合物(a)、(b)、(c)同属于薄荷系有机物，下列说法正确的是

（） A. a、b、c 都属于芳香族化合物 B. a、b、c都能使溴水褪色

C. 由a生成c的反应是氧化反应 D. b、c互为同分异构体

【答案】D 【解析】 A、芳香族化合物含有苯环，这三种化合物不含有苯环，不属于芳香族化合物，故A错误；

B、a、c含有碳碳双键，能使溴水褪色，b不含有碳碳双键，不能使溴水褪色，故B错误；

C、对比a和c结构简式，a生成c发生加成反应，故C错误；D、b和c的分子式为C10H18O，

结构不同，属于同分异构体，故D正确。 6. 短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，甲、乙分别是X、W两元素对应的单

质，丙、丁是由这些元素组成的二元化合物，戊是Z的最高价氧化物对应的水化物，且25℃时0.1mol/L 戊溶液的pH为13，工业上通过电解丙和丁的混合物来制取甲、乙、戊。下列说法不正确的是（） A. 原子半径：Z＞W＞Y＞X B. Z分别与X、Y、W形成的化合物中一定没有共价键 C. 元素Y与X、Z都能组成两种化合物 D. 乙与戊的水溶液反应后所得溶液具有漂白性【答案】B 【解析】【分析】根据工业上通过电解丙和丁的混合物来制取甲、乙、戊，可推测是电解饱和食盐水，生成氢气、氯气和氢氧化钠，故甲为氢气，所以X是H元素，乙是氯气，所以W为Cl元素，戊是Z的最高价氧化物对应的水化物，且25℃时0.1mol/L 戊溶液的pH为13，所以戊为氢氧化钠，根据短周期主族元素X、Y、Z、W的原子序数依次增大，所以Y为O元素，Z为钠元素。【详解】A、Z为钠元素，W为Cl元素，Y为O元素，X是H元素，原子半径大小比较先看电子层数，电子层数越多半径越大，电子层数相同，核电荷数越大半径越小，所以原子半径：Z＞W＞Y＞X，故A正确；B、钠与氧气在点燃那条件下生成过氧化钠，其中含有氧与氧之间的共价键，故B错误；C、Y为O元素，X是H元素，两者可以形成水和过氧化氢两种化合物，Z为钠元素，可以与氧元素生成氧化钠和过氧化钠两种化合物，故C正确；D、乙为氯气，戊为氢氧化钠两者反应可生成次氯酸钠、氯化钠和水，此溶液具有漂白效果，故D正确；故选B。【点睛】本题为简单的无机推断，本题的突破点为工业上通过电解丙和丁的混合物来制取甲、乙、戊，可猜测应该是点解饱和食盐水，进而推出其他物质。原子半径大小比较先看电子层数，电子层数越多半径越大，电子层数相同，核电荷数越大半径越小；离子化合物中也可能含有共价键。 7. 我国研究锂硫电池获得突破，电池的总反应是16Li+S88Li2S，充放电曲线如图所

示，下列说法不正确的是（）

A. 充电时，电能转化为化学能 B. 放电时，锂离子向正极移动 C. 放电时，1molLi2S6转化为Li2S4得到2mole- D. 充电时，阳极总电极反应式是8S2--16e-=S8 【答案】C 【解析】 A. 充电时，是电解池，是电能转化为化学能，故A正确；B. 放电时，是原电池，在原电池

中，阳离子向正极移动，因此锂离子向正极移动，故B正确；C. 根据图示，放电时，1mol Li2S6

转化为Li2S4的反应为2Li2S6+ 2Li =3Li2S4，反应中2mol Li2S6得到2mole-，即1mol Li2S6得

到1mole-，故C错误；D. 根据16Li+S8 8Li2S，充电时，阳极总电极反应式是8S2- -16e- = S8，故D正确；故选C。点睛：本题考查了原电池和电解池的工作原理的应用。本题中放电过程是分步放电的，这是本题的难点，本题的易错点为C，要注意根据每步反应的方程式分析解答。 8. 叠氮化钠（NaN3）是汽车安全气囊最理想的气体发生剂原料。下面是工业水合肼法制备叠

氮化钠的工艺流程；

已知NaN3能与AgNO3反应生成白色难溶于水的AgN3；有关物质的物理性质如下表：熔点℃ 沸点℃ 溶解性 CH3OH —9 64.7 与水互溶

水合肼(N2H4•H2O) 2 113.5 与水、醇互溶，不溶于乙醚和氯仿

亚硝酸甲酯(CH3ONO) —17 —12 溶于乙醇、乙醚

请回答：（1）步骤Ⅰ中NaNO2与稀硫酸发生副反应生成两种气体（其中一种气体在空气中可以转化为另一种气体）的离子方程式为___________；步骤Ⅱ中生成NaN3的化学方程式为_______。（2）实验室模拟步骤Ⅱ实验装置如下图（装置中冷却水省略，下同）：