Automotive Gears Translation Guide - Final

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汽车词汇23

中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输⼊轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮⽐（变速⽐）transmission gear ratio传动⽐gear ratio主压⼒line pressure调制压⼒modulated pressure真空调制压⼒vacuum modulator pressure速控压⼒governor pressure缓冲压⼒compensator or trimmer pressure限档压⼒hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液⼒传动装置充油压⼒hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump调压阀pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液⼒变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发⽣器shift pattern generatorshift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液⼒减速器控制阀retarder control valve液⼒起步fluid start零速起动stall start液⼒变矩器锁⽌converter lockup全液压⾃动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system 电液式⾃动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatiec 换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动⼒换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit⼈⼯换档manual shfit⾃动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶⽚转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动⼒换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control leverstick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail直接变速direct change(direct control)⽅向盘式变速column shift (handle change)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive⾼速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第⼀档first gear第⼆档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬⾏档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输⼊扭矩特性constant input torque performance全油门特性full throttle performance寄⽣损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输⼊特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exittorque factor(coefficient of moment)过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr⼏何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动⼒相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint⾮等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint ⾃承式万向节self-supporting universal joint⾮⾃承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameter等速平⾯constant velocity plane万向节夹⾓true joint angle⼗字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)⼗字轴cross(spider)⼗字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ballball head球头钉button中⼼球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏⼼保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint 外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定⼼钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaftunitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量slip相位⾓phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle⾮独⽴悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独⽴悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive 后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive 上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive ⾏星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drivetwo speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)⾏星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor⾏星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor)外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦⽚式⾃锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块⾃锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate⾃动离合式⾃锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁⽌式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速⽐axle ratio总减速⽐total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速⽐final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear⾏星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲⾯齿轮hypoid gear格⾥林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gearsplane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿⾯接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器⼗字轴differential spider差速器锁⽌机构differential locking -device差速器锁⽌系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing 对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能⼒rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速⽐driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension。

汽车类机械翻译词汇重点讲义资料

中间齿轮intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮counter shaft gear副轴counter shaft变速器输入轴transmission imput shaft变速器输出轴transmission output shaft变速器主动齿轮轴transmission drive gear shaft变速器主轴transmission main shaft变速器中间轴transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比）transmission gear ratio传动比gear ratio主压力line pressure调制压力modulated pressure真空调制压力vacuum modulator pressure速控压力governor pressure缓冲压力compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力hold presure前油泵front pump (input pump )液力传动装置充油压力hydrodynamic unit change pressure 后油泵gear pump (output pump )回油泵scavenge oil pump调压阀pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic control system电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shift fork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨（拨叉道轨）shift rail直接变速direct change(direct control)方向盘式变速column shift (handle change)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speed gear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torque performance 全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasitic losses)performance 原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient of moment)过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint 等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint 自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint 回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉）tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocity joint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ball grooves 偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppa universal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tube assembly 传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaft assembly 允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles“三速”贯通轴"three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate 自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear行星齿轮spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axle shaft 驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type of suspension 组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type双横臂式double with-bone arm type横置板簧式transversal leaf spring type 双纵臂式double trailing arm type单横臂式single transverse arm type 双横臂式double -wishbone type单横臂式singe trailing arm type双纵臂式double-trailing arm type单斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四连杆式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type烛式sliding pillar type麦弗逊式MacPherson type金属弹簧式metal spring type空气弹簧式air spring type油气弹簧式hydro-pneumatic spring type 橡胶液体弹簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡胶弹簧式rubber spring type液体弹簧式hydraulic spring type三点悬架three-point suspension四点悬架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts悬架臂suspension arm上悬架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm纵臂trailing arm横臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撑梁support beam横向推力杆lateral rod纵向推力杆longitudinal rod拉杆tension rod压杆strut bar支撑杆strut bar扭矩套管torque tube变截面弹簧tapered spring钢板弹簧leaf spring(laminated spring) 副钢板弹簧auxiliary spring非对称钢板弹簧unsymmetrical leaf spring单片式钢板弹簧single leaf spring多片式钢板弹簧muotileaved spring纵向钢板弹簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋弹簧coil spring (helicalspring)空气弹簧air spring囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm typeair spring橡胶弹簧rubber spring type液体弹簧hydraulic spring油气弹簧hydro-pneumatic spring type单气室油气弹簧single chamber hydragas spring双气室油气弹簧double chamber hydragas spring液体弹簧hydraulic spring底盘弹簧chassis spring四分之一椭圆形弹簧quarter elliptic spring半椭圆形弹簧half-elliptic spring(semi-elliptic spring) 四分之三椭圆形弹簧three quarter elliptic spring全椭圆形弹簧full elliptic spring悬臂弹簧cantilever spring簧上质量sprung weight簧下质量unsprung weight垫上弹簧载荷量spring capacity at pad地面弹簧载荷量spring capacity at ground弹簧静挠度spring static deflection弹簧跳动间隙bump clearance of spring弹簧中心距distance between spring centers减振器shock absorber筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber油压缓冲器hydraulic buffer负荷调平式减振器load -levelling shock absorber 液压减振器dydraulic shock absorber可调减振器adjustable shock absorber摇臂式减振器lever type shock absorber磨擦式减振器frictional shock absorber充气减振器gas-filled shock absorber动力减振器dynamic shock absorber减振器卸荷阀shock absorber relief valve减振器进油阀shock absorber intake valve 减振器示功图damper indicator diagram减振器液damper fluid横向稳定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑动座sliding seat滑板sliding plate弹簧架spring bracket弹簧主片spring leaf钢板弹簧吊耳leaf spring shackle钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin弹簧卷耳spring eyeU 型螺栓U bolt钢板弹簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡胶衬套rubber bushing缓冲块buffer stopper限位块limiting stopper平衡轴trunnion shaft平衡轴支座trunnion base臂轴arm shaft平横臂equalizer螺纹衬套screw bushing（车身）高度阀levelling valve车架auxiliary tank整体车架unitized frame上弯式梁架upswept frame (kick up frame) 短型车架stub frame发动机支架engine mounting半径杆radius rod平衡杆stabilizer bar制动反应杆brake reaction rod分开式车身和车架separated body and frame车轮wheel车轮尺寸名称wheelsize designation车轮类型wheel type单式车轮single wheel双式车轮dual wheel整体轮毂式车轮wheel with integral hub 组装轮辋式车轮demountable rim wheel 对开式车轮divided wheel可调车轮adustable wheel辐板式车轮disc wheel可反装式车轮reversible wheel辐条式车轮wire wheel安装面attachment face安装面直径attachment face diameter 双轮中心距dual spacing半双轮中心距half dual spacing轮缘flange固定轮缘fixed flange轮缘规格代号flange size disignation 轮缘高度flange height轮缘半径flange radius轮级端部半径flange edge radius轮级宽度flange width内轴承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder 内移距inset横向跳动lateral run-out外移距outset径向跳动radius run-out轮辋rim轮辋尺寸名称rim size disignation轮辋宽度rim width标定轮辋宽度specified rim width轮辋直径rim diameter标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter轮辋类型rim types整体式（深槽式）one-piece(drop -center DC) 半深槽式semi-drop center (SDC)二件式two-piece三件式three-piece四件式four-piece轮毂座hub seat五件式five-piece轮辋轮廓类型rim contour classification深槽轮辋drop center rim(DC)深槽宽轮辋wide drop center rim(WDC) 半深槽轮辋semi-drop center rim(SDC)平底轮辋flat base rim平底宽轮辋wide flat base rim (WFB)全斜底轮辋full tapered bead seat rim (TB) 可拆卸轮辋demountable rim wheel对开式轮辋divided rim(DT)轮辋基体rim base轮辋基体偏移距rim base offset轮辋偏移距rim bevel distance气门嘴孔valve hole气门嘴孔的位置rim hole location锁圈槽gutter锁圈槽沟gutter groove锁圈槽顶gutter tip隔圈spaceband隔圈宽度spacerband width标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter标定轮辋宽度specified rim width花键spline弹性锁圈spring lock ring辐条式车轮轮毂shell (wire shell)轮辋槽well槽角well angle槽深well depth槽底半径well iner radius槽的位置well position槽顶圆角半径well radius top槽宽度well width中心孔center hole中心线center line夹紧块clamp夹紧螺栓clamping bolt锥型座（螺帽定位用）cone seat (for retaining nut)可拆卸档圈detachable endless flange可拆卸弹簧档圈detachable spring flange可拆卸锥形座圈detachable endless taper bead seat ring 轮辐disc辐条wire spoke零移距zeroset弯距bending moment动态径向疲劳试验dynamic radial fatigue test横向疲劳试验cornering fatigue test轴安装axel mounting轴颈安装journal mounting孔径bore轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre 普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre 低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre 内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre 胎面花纹treadpattern纵向花纹circumferetial pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern 混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern 定向花纹directional tread pattern雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图patttern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread 缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib装配线fitting line防擦线胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optional contours 凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身tube body断面宽度断面高度section height高宽比（H/S）aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius转向系steering system类型type机械转向系manual steering system动力转向系power steering system转向操纵机构steering control mechanism直列式转向器in-line steering gear四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkage steering整体式动力转向机构integral type power steering总成和部件assemblies and parts转向万向节steering universal joint转向传动轴steering inner articulated shaft转向管柱steering column球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steering column 可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column 吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column 网络状转向柱管转向轴steering shaft转向横轴cross shaft转向盘steering wheel倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel机构转向器manual steering gear蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear转向器盖cover of steering gear壳体housing转向蜗杆steering worm滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft侧盖side cover摇臂轴pitman arm shaft循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear 转向螺母steering nut钢球ball转向螺杆steering screw循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever and peg steering gear 指销stud蜗杆指销式转向器转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack动力转向器power steering stgear整体式动力转向器integral power steering gear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressure hydraulic power steering gear 常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulic power steering gear螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steering gear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steering gear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steering gear变传动比转向器steering gear with variable ratio转向控制阀steering control valve滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type阀体valve housing滑阀valve spool转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type扭杆torsion bar转向动力缸power cylinder转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向传动杆系steering linkage动力转向系布置power steering system layout反作用阀reactive valve梯形转向机构ackerman steering整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steering linkdage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steering linkage 中间转向杆intermediate steering rod转向摇臂pitman arm转向直拉杆steering drag link中间转向联杆center steering linkdage端部螺塞end plug球头销ball stud球头座ball cup压缩弹簧compression spring梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形臂tie rod arm转向横拉杆steering tie rod接头socket横拉杆端接头tie rod end分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rod linkage摆臂swing arm动力转向power steering气压式动力转向air-power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flow type power steering 液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulator power steering慢速转向slow steeirng快速转向fast steering (quick steering)过度转向oversteering转向不足understeering转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steering gear转向力矩steering mometn转向阻力矩steering resisting torque转向力steering force转向传动比steering gear ratio (steering ratio0恒定转向传动比constant ratio steering可变转向传动比variable ratio steering转向系角传动比steering system angle ratio转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio转向器传动效率steerign gear efficiency正效率forward efficiency逆效率reverse efficiency转向器扭转刚度torsional stiffness of steering gear转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns转向器总圈数total turns of steering gaer转向器传动间隙steering gar cleanrance摇臂轴最大转角max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft转向摇臂最大摆角max. Swing angle of steering pitman arm转向器反驱动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear转向器最大输出扭矩steering gear max. Output torque最大工作压力max. Working pressure额定工作压力rated working pressure转向油泵理论排量theoretical displacement of pump限制流量limited flow转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened play of steering contol valve转向控制阀全开隙totally -opened play of steering control valve转向控制阀内泄漏量internal leakage in steering control valve转向控制阀压力降pressure loss in steering control valve转向器角传动比特性steering gear angle ratio characteristic转向器传动间隙特性steering gear clearance characterstic转向器传动效率特性steering gear efficeieny characteristic转向力特性steering force characteristic动力转向系灵敏度特性power steering systme response characteristic转向控制阀压力降特性steeirn gcontrol valve presrue loss characteristtic 前桥front axle工字梁I-beam双工字梁twin I-beam非驱动桥dead axle转向节steering knuckle挂车转向装置steering system of trailer中央主销式转向装置central king pin type steering systme 无主销转向装置no king pin type steering system全杆式转向装置all linkage tyep steering system球销式转向节ball and socket steering knuckle转向节止推轴承steering knuckle thrust bearing前轮轴front wheel spindle转向盘轴steering spindle转向节轴knuckle spindle转向节臂steering knuckle arm（转向节）主销knuckle pin(King pin)反拳式前桥reverse elliott axle反拳式转向节reverse elliott steering knuckle叉式前桥elliott type axle叉式转向节elliott steering knuckle制动系braking ssytem类型tyep行车制动系统service braking sytem应急制动系统secondary (emergency )braking sytem 驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking sytem人力制动系统muscular energy braking sytem助力制动系统energy assisted braking system动力制动系统non-muscular energy braking system 惯性制动系统inertial braking styem重力制动系统gravity braking sytem单回路制动系统single-circuit braking system双回路制动系统dual -ciurcuit braking system单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking sytem多管路制动系统multi-line braking sytem连续制动系统continuous braking sytem半连续制动系统semi-continuous braking sytemm非连续制动系统non-continuous braking system伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking sytem电磁制动系统electormagnetic braking sytem机械制动系统mechanical braking sytem组合制动系统combination braking sytem基本术语bsic terms制动装备braking equipment组成部件constituent elements制动力学braking mechanics渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force干扰后效制动力矩distrubing residual braking torque总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking distance制动力分配率braking force distaribution rate制动效能因素（制动强度）braking efficiency factro制动力braking work瞬时制动功率instantaneous braking power保护压力rptection pressure报警压力alarm pressure制动系滞后braking system hysteresis制动效果百分数percentage of the braking efficiency停车距离（制动距离）stopping distance充分发出的平均减速度mean fully developed braking deceleration (MFDD) 制动反应时间reaction time促动时间actuating time初始反应时间initial response time制动力增长时间build-up time of braking force 有效制动时间active braking time释放时间release time驾驶员反应时间reaction time of driver机构滞后时间mechanism hysteresis time增长时间build-up time of braking force 主制动时间main braking time总制动时间total braking tiem停车时间stopping tiem开启行程opening travel空行程spare travel中间行程mid-travel制动储备行程reserve brake travel断油行程cut-off travel行程损失loss of travel缩小比（减压比）reduction ratio回缩retraction两片法two-plate method单片法single-plate method含水量moistrue content单轮控制individual wheel control多轮控制multi wheel control轴控制axle control边控制side control对角控制diagonal control组合多轴控制combined multi-axle control 可变选择variable selection最低控制速度minimum control speed传感器信号选择sensor signal低选择select -low高选择select-high预定选择predetermined selectin车轮选择selection by wheel平均选择average selecton分辨率resolution rate控制周期control cycle控制频率control frequency控制力control force作用力control froce制动器效能因素application force制动器材的滞后brake hysteresis制动器输出力矩brake output torque制动器额定力矩brake rating torque制动蹄效能因素brake shoe efficiency factro制动蹄作用压力application pressure of brake shoe assebmly 制动蹄释放压力release pressure of brake shoe最大制动蹄中心升程maximum shoe centre lift制动鼓直径drum diameter制动鼓宽度drum width制动鼓厚度drum thickness制动盘厚度disc thickness（鼓或盘）的摩擦面积swept area制动衬片吸收功率power absorption of lining制动衬片包角lining arc制动衬片单位面积制动力lining drag衬片摩擦系数lining mu衬片摩擦面积/每轴lining area/axle衬片摩擦面积/每个制动器lining area/brake踏板行程pedal travel踏板自由行程free pedal travel踏板最大行程maximum pedal travel踏板力pedal effort有效踏板长度effective pedal length踏板速比pedal velocity ratio踏板回位弹簧力pedal return spring load踏板回位弹簧刚度pedal return spring rate制动初速度initial speed of braking制动减速度braking deceleration瞬时制动减速度instantaneous braking deceleration 平均制动减速度mean braking deceleration最大制动减速度maximum braking deceleration石油基制动液petroleum base brake fluid非石油基制动液non-petroleum base brake fluid最低湿沸点minimum wet boiling point防冻液anti-freeze liquid冷却液cooling liquid供能装置energy supplying device真空泵vacuum pump喷射器ejector真空罐（筒）vacuum tank空压机air compressor气缸盖cylinder head气缸体cylinder block活塞piston火塞环piston ring连杆connecting rod活塞销piston pin曲轴crank shaft进气阀intake valve排气阀exhaust valve储气罐（筒）air storage reservoir调压阀pressure regulating valve单向阀single check valve止回阀、单向阀check valve滤清器filter进气滤清器air intake filter排气滤清器air exhaust filter管路滤清器line filter滤网（芯）strainer油水分离器oil and water seperator防冻器aiti-freezer空气干燥器air dryer排放阀drain valve压力保护阀pressrue protection valve控制装置control device行车制动踏板装置service braking pedal device 制动踏板braking pedal踏板护套pedal pad踏板支架pedal brackeet衬套bushing套管collar销轴axis pin回位弹簧retruen spring驻车制动操纵装置parking brake control device 操纵杆control lever操纵杆支架control lever bracket操纵杆导套control lever guide collar齿杆（棘轮）rod rack(ratchet)棘抓ratchet pawl操纵揽绳control cable平衡臂equalizer拉杆（拉绳）pull rod(pull wire)拉杆导套pull rod guide collar制动杆brake lever手制动杆hand lever气制动阀aire brake valve单腔气制动阀single-chamber air brake valve 推杆plunger气阀air valve平衡弹簧equalizing spring膜片diaphragm双腔气制动阀dual-chamber air brake valve串列式双腔气制动阀series dual -chamber air brake valve并列式双腔气制动阀parallel dual-chamber air brake valve三腔气制动阀triple-chamber air brake valve三通路控制阀three way control valve双向止回阀（双通单向阀）dual way check valve继动阀relay valve快放阀quick release valve继动快放阀relay and quick release valve挂车制动阀trailer braking valve挂车制动应急继动阀trailer braking relay emergency valve挂车制动保护阀trailer braking protecton valve挂车制动放松阀trailer braking relax valve手控制动阀hand braking valve传能装置transmission device制动主缸brake master cylinder有补偿孔式制动主缸compensating brake master cylinder无补偿孔式制动主缸portless brake master cylinder串列双腔式制动主缸series dual chamber brake master cylinder 盘式制动器制动缸disc brake cylinder双腔制动主缸tandem master cylinder主腔。

(完整版)关于汽车的零部件名称中英文大全

关于汽车的零部件名称中英文大全座杆束SeatPostClamp座杆SeatPost座垫套SaddleCover座垫Seat座垫Saddles自行车类Bicycle自排车用滤油器OilFilterforAutomaticTransmission自排变速箱修理包AutomaticTransmissionGasketKits自动变速箱油AutomaticTransmissionOil装饰贴纸、标志OrnamentMark转向总成SteeringAssembly转向主干SteeringStemComp转向连杆SteeringLinkage转向节臂Knuckle转向机柱SteeringColumn转向齿轮箱SteeringGearBox铸造件(加工)CastingParts(Processing)主轴、副轴Mainshaft/Countershaft主脚架MainStand主滑动模轮组件PrimarySheaveAssembly轴承Bearing中轴组件（天心）BottomBracketParts中央置物箱Console中央门控CentralDoorLock中心盖CenterCover置物袋CarriageBag趾夹带ToeStrap止推垫片ThrustWasher支柱总成StrutAssembly支架Bracket整流器Rectifier整车FinishedMotorcycle整车FinishedBicycle蒸发器Evaporator折叠式自行车FoldingBicycle遮阳板Sunvisor运钞车ArmorCashCarrier越野车TrekkingBicycle预热塞GlowPlug雨刷及雨刷连杆Wiper/Linkage油压感应器OilPressureSensor油箱浮筒TankFloat油箱浮筒GaugeFuelTank油箱FuelTank油土与基准模型ClayModelandMasterModel 油土及基准模型ClayModelandMasterModel 油品添加剂OilAdditive油量表FuelGauge油管FuelPipe油封OilSeal油底壳OilPan油杯FuelCupAssembly油帮浦OilPump引擎支撑EngineMounting引擎罩盖AirShroud/Cylinder引擎修理包EngineGasketKits引擎零件EngineParts引擎盖铰链HingeofEngineHood引擎盖EngineHood引擎盖EngineCover引擎波司EngineBush引擎Engine音响喇叭盖SpeakerCover仪表饰板InstrumentPanelGarnish仪表板支架InstrumentalPanelMounting 仪表板InstrumentPanel仪表Meter仪表CombinationMeter一般自行车RegularBicycle液压式刹车器HydraulicBrake液罐车RefuelingTruck曳引车TractorTruck曳力杆TrailingArm叶子板Fender叶片弹簧LeafSpring摇臂轴RockerArmShaft摇臂RockerArm烟灰缸Ashtray压条Moulding悬臂式刹车器CantileverBrake修理业Repairing&Maintenance休旅车 RecreationalVehicle(RV)行李箱铰链HingeofTrunkLid行李箱盖TrunkLid行李箱LuggageBox协力车TandemBicycle小型商用车(3.5吨以下) LightDutyCommercialCar(LessThan3.5Tons) 消音器ExhaustMuffler消防车FireFightingTruck橡胶件RubberParts下臂LowerArm洗涤壶WindshieldWasher五通管5-wayPipe无线电胎压侦测仪WirelessTireMonitor无链式自行车ChainlessBicycle无段自动变速系统C.V.T.握把Grip涡轮增压器Turbo-Supercharger温度记录器TemperatureRecorder温度感应器WaterTemperatureSensor外装品ExteriorParts瓦斯车LPGCar拖车Trailer拖板车PalletTruck涂料Paints凸轮轴链条CamChain凸轮轴链轮SprocketCamshaft凸轮轴Camshaft凸轮链条张力器CamChainTensioner凸轮Cam头盔Helmet铜套类Bushing停车支架Kickstand铁路扣夹ClipforRailroad铁路车辆制造及修理RailroadVehicleManufacture&Repair铁路车辆零件RailroadVehicleParts铁路车辆类RailroadVehicle贴纸Sticker天线Antenna天窗SunRoof提速器Actuator碳刷CarbonBrush胎压不足警示器TireLowPressureIndicator踏板Pedal锁Lock随车工具Tools塑料件PlasticParts速度表SpeedMeter水箱支架RadiatorMounting水箱水管RadiatorHose水箱饰罩RadiatorGrille水箱风扇RadiatorFan水箱Radiator水壶架BottleCage水管WaterHose水帮浦WaterPump双面胶带AcrylicFoamTape竖管Stem手刹车拉柄ParkingBrakeLever室内运动车(健身车)Exerciser室内镜RoomMirror饰板/饰条Garnish/Trim时规炼条/皮带外盖TimingChain/BeltCover时规炼条/皮带TimingChain/Belt省电器EnergySavingUnit生产、检测及涂装设备Production,Test&PaintingEquipment 生产、检测及涂装设备Production,Test&Painting Equipment 生产、检测及涂装设备 Production,Test&Painting Equipment 舌簧阀ReedValve上臂UpperArm闪光器Flasher闪光灯Flasher煞车踏板BrakePedal刹车总成BrakeAssembly刹车总泵BrakeMasterCylinder刹车真空管BrakeBoostVacuumTube刹车真空倍力器BrakeVacuumBooster刹车油管(硬)BrakeTube刹车油管(软)BrakeHose刹车踏板BrakePedal刹车盘BrakeDisk刹车来令片BrakeShoe刹车来令片BrakeLiningShoe刹车鼓BrakeDrum刹车分泵BrakeCylinder散装车BulkTruck三通管3-wayPipe三轮车Tricycle润滑系统LubricationSystem人造革ArtificialLeather热水阀HeaterValve热处理HeatTreatment扰流板Spoiler燃油滤清器FuelStrainerAssembly燃油滤清器FuelFilter燃油管FuelPipe燃油帮浦FuelPump燃料系统FuelingSystem曲轴轴承片CrankshaftBearing曲轴肖CrankShaftPin曲轴箱盖CrankcaseCover曲轴箱Crankcase曲轴皮带盘CrankshaftPulley曲轴Crankshaft曲柄组Chainwheel&Crank球形接头BallJoint倾卸车DumperTruck前护盖FrontFender前防撞杆GuardAssy(Front)前叉肩ForkCrown前叉顶梁ForkTopBridge前叉FrontFork千斤顶Jack汽门座ValveSeat汽门摇臂盖RockerCover汽门摇臂ValveArm汽门锁ValveCotter汽门导管ValveGuide汽门弹簧ValveSpring汽门Valve汽缸头侧盖CylinderHeadSideCover汽缸头CylinderHead汽缸头(盖)CylinderHead汽缸体CylinderBlock汽缸衬套CylinderLiner汽缸Cylinder汽车用液晶显示器CarLCD汽车用行动电话CarHand-freeMobilePhone汽车用计算机CarComputer汽车用光盘CarCD汽车用电子钟DigitalClock汽车音响CarAudio汽车清洁保养用品CosmeticsforAutomobile汽车内装用牛皮LeatherforCarInterior汽车导航系统CarNavigationSystem汽车保全系统CarSecuritySystem其它特种自行车OtherSpecial-purposeBicycles其它电动辅助车辆OtherElectricAuxiliary Vehicles 其它Others平衡杆StabilizerBar皮带张力器Tensioner喷油嘴InjectionNozzle配线WireHarness配件Accessories跑车（自由车）RacingBicycle排气消音器ExhaustMuffler排气歧管ExhaustManifold排气管ExhaustPipe排档头Knob排档杆ShiftLever暖气总成HeaterAssembly扭力杆TorsionBar尼龙绳、特多龙绳NylonRope内装品InteriorParts内胎(含内衬)InnerTire(Flap)模、夹、治、检具Die,Fixture,Jig,Checking,Gauge 模、夹、治、检具Die,Fixture,Jig,Checking Gauge 模、夹、治、检具Die,Fixture,Jig&CheckingGauge 铭板Nameplate门饰板DoorTrim门框Sash门铰链DoorHinge马达轴MotorAxle马达零件MotorComponents马达类Motor螺旋弹簧CoilSpring螺帽/螺栓/螺丝Nut/Bolt/Screw轮胎汽门嘴TireValve轮胎Tire轮圈盖WheelCover轮圈WheelDisk轮圈Rim轮弧FenderTrim轮毂WheelHub滤清器类Filter滤清器Filter零组件用材料ComponentsMaterials铃Bell链条盖ChainCase链条Chain链盖ChainCover炼条调整器Tensioner连杆轴承片ConnectingRodBearing连杆ConnectingRod离合器座ClutchPlate离合器总成ClutchAssembly离合器总泵ClutchMasterCylinder离合器外壳ClutchCase离合器释放轴承ClutchReleaseBearing离合器片ClutchDisc离合器来令片ClutchLining离合器杆ClutchLever离合器分泵ClutchCylinder离合器Clutch冷却系统CoolingSystem冷却风扇CoolingFan冷气总成A/CAssembly冷气压缩机A/CCompressor冷气配管A/CHose冷气客车Air-ConditionedCar冷气导风管A/CDuct冷凝器A/CCondenser冷煤电磁阀RefrigerateSolenoidvalve冷媒管A/CPipe冷冻车FreezerCar篮Basket喇叭Horn拉杆HandleLever快拆QuickRelease扣具CargoLash控制拉线ControlCable孔塞GrommetPlug空气清净机AirPurifier空气滤蕊AirCleanerElement空气滤清器盖AirCleanerCover空气滤清器导管AirIntakeTube空气滤清器AirCleaner空调相关零件A/CRelatedComponents空调系统Air-conditioningSystem空调滤网A/CFilter开关类Switch镜类Mirror进气歧管IntakeManifold金属表面处理(材料)MetalSurfaceTreatment(Material) 节温器Thermostat节流阀ThrottleValve节流把手ThrottleGrip接头Lug&Shell轿车 PassengerCar搅拌车MixerTruck脚踏起动机杆KickStarter脚踏杆KickCrankAssembly脚踏板Pedal脚踏板Board/Footrest脚刹车器CoasterBrake交流发电机(零件)A.C.Generator(Components) 夹式刹车器CaliperBrake夹器固定座Pivot夹片、管束Clamp,Clip继电器Relay机油滤网OilStrainer机油滤清器OilFilter机油冷却器OilCooler机油浮筒OilFloat机油尺导管OilLevelGaugeTube机油尺OilLevelGauge机油帮浦OilPump机油EngineOil机车座垫用牛皮LeatherforMotorcycleSeat机车链轮Chain机车类Motorcycle货架LuggageCarrier火星塞盖PlugCover火星塞SparkPlug活性碳罐Canister活塞肖PistonPin活塞环PistonRing活塞衬套PistonLiner活塞Piston环境卫生车GarbageTruck化油器Carburetor花鼓Hub&FreeHub后轴总成RearAxleAssembly后置物板RearParcelShelf后悬吊系统RearSuspension后视镜RearMirror后视镜DoorMirror后视镜BackMirror后轮驱动座RearWheelDriveSeat后架Carrier后防撞杆GrardAssy(Rear)后叉端RearForkEnd后舱室饰板RearTrunkTrim横梁CrossMember横拉杆接头Tie-RodEnd黑烟过滤器DieselParticleFilter合成木材SyntheticWood海滩车BeachBicycle孩童车JunvenilesBicycle管类TubeorPipe管类Pipe,Hose,Tube故障标志Reflector鼓式刹车盘BrakeDrum鼓风机BlowerAssembly鼓、碟式刹车器Drum/DiscBrakeAssembly 共鸣箱Resonator工具Tool各类孔盖Cap、Cover各类隔音垫AllKindsofSilencer隔热材HeatInsulator高压线组IgnitionCable副水箱AuxiliaryRadiator辅助气囊AirBag辅助轮TrainingWheel辅助把手BarEnd辐条/辐帽Spoke/Nipple蜂鸣器Buzzer风扇盖AirShroud风扇Fan粉末冶金PowderMetallurgy分电盘Distributor废气回收管EGRTube飞轮环齿轮RingGearofFlywheel飞轮Flywheel防撞护垫BumperPad防水衬条Weatherstrip防盗器CarBurglarAlarm防盗器BurglarAlarm方向盘SteeringWheel方向把手SteeringHandle反光片Reflector发电机Alternator发电机(零件)Alternator(Components)多功能休闲车ATV堆高机Forklift锻造件(加工)ForgingParts(Processing)端子Terminal动力转向油管PowerSteeringHose动力转向帮浦PowerSteeringPump动力方向系统PowerSteeringSystem定趾器ToeClip定速器CruiseController顶蓬Headlining碟式刹车器DiskBrake碟式刹车盘BrakeDisc调整器Regulator调节器Regulator吊架Hanger垫片类Seal、Gasket、Washer、Packing垫片Gasket电子件ElectricalParts电子点火器IgnitionModule电装品ElectricalParts电圈Starter电瓶Battery电动座椅装置PowerSeatUnit电动自行车马达ElectricBicycleMotor电动自行车控制器ElectricBicycleDriver电动自行车电路设计ElectricBicycleCircuit Design 电动自行车电池组ElectricBicycleBatterySet电动自行车ElectricalBicycle电动机车控制器ElectricMotorcycleDriver电动机车ElectricMotorcycle电灯Dynamo/LightingSet电磁阀SolenoidValve电池容量计BatteryCapacityIndicator电池充电器BatteryCharger点烟器CigarLighter点火线圈模块IgnitionCoilModule点火线圈IgnitionCoil地毯FloorMat地毯Carpet底盘系统ChassisSystem底盘及其另件ChassisandRelatedParts底盘车架Frame底盘车ChasisTruck等速接头C.V.Joint登山车MountainBicycle灯泡Bulb灯类Lamp倒车显示器RearViewDisplay倒车雷达ReverseSensor导线Cable档位调整器GearPositionIndicator挡泥板MudGuard/Fender挡泥板MudGuard挡泥板Fender弹簧Spring单轮车Unicycle大型商用车(3.5吨以上) HeavyDutyCommercialCar(MoreThan3.5Tons) 打气筒FloorPump打蜡机Buffer(CarPolisher)传动轴总成SecondarySheaveAssembly传动轴TransmissionAxle传动轴PropellerShaft传动件Transmission触媒转换器缓冲绵CatalyticConverterMate触媒转化器CatalyticConverter储液瓶A/CReceiver充电器Charger齿条GearRack齿轮轴GearAxle齿轮箱GearBox齿轮衬套GearBushing齿轮变速零件GearShiftParts齿轮Gear城市车ATB车柱Pillar车用灭火器Extinguisher车头组件Headset车体及电装BodyandElectricalParts车体盖BodyCover车体打造(改装)CarBodyBuilding(Refitting)车体Body车手带HandleStrap车身护条SideProtector车身钣金件Body&StampingParts车身CarBody车门锁DoorLock车门扶手DoorArmrest车门把手DoorHandle车门DoorPanel车轮系统WheelingSystem车轮及刹车WheelandBrake车架材料FrameMaterials车架Frame车顶内衬RoofLining车顶板Roof车灯控制器LightingController车窗升降摇柄WindowLifterHandle车窗升降机WindowLifter柴油车黑烟净化器DieselParticulateFilter插接件ConnectorClip侧脚架SideStand侧盖SideCover残障专用车MotorcycleforHandicap补强板ReinforcementPlate玻璃类Glass玻璃滑槽GlassRun波司垫片Washer变速箱外壳TransmissionCase变速箱TransmissionBox变速器Derailleur变速杆ShiftLever避震前叉SuspensionFork避震器前后活塞杆PistonRodofFrontandRearShockAbsorber 避震器前后活塞杆PistonRodofFrontandRear ShockAbsorber 避震器ShockAbsorber避震脚踏车SuspensionBicycle比例阀ProportionalValve备胎板TrimforSpareTire保险丝座FuseSeat保险丝Fuse保险杆支撑MountofBumper保险杆Bumper帮浦类Pump钣金件StampingParts把手座GripHolder把手套Grip把手盖HandleCover把手HandleBar安全带SeatBeltYOKEASSY磁场总成WIRELEAD分电器引线WEIGHT离心块VAlVEP．C．V单向阀UOUSINGSUBASSY分电器外壳总成TANKWASHER清洗器电动机SWITCKCOlUMN灯光组合开关SWITCHASSY电磁开关总成SUPPORTASSYARM断电器总成STATORASSY发电机转子总成STARTERASSY起动机总成SPRINGGOVERNOR离心块弹簧SPEEDOMETER车速里程表SPEAKER扬声器SOCKETBULB仪表灯座SHAFT分电器轴SCREWSETTING大灯调整螺钉ROTORASSY分火头总成ROOMLAMP室内灯RINGRETAlNING大灯框RESISTORASSY附加电阻总成RELTIFIERASSY发电机整流器总成RELAYPOWE雨刮器继电器RELAYINTERMITTENTWIPER电源继电器RADIO收音机PULLEYASSY发电机皮带盘总成PLUGSPARK火花塞PANELINSTRUMENT仪表盘架PANELINDICATOR仪表指示灯面板MOTORWIPER雨刮器电动机MOTORWASHER清洗器电动机LINKWIPER雨刮器连杆LENSTURNSIGNlLAMP转向灯玻璃灯罩LED灯LEDLampLAMPKITREARCOMB尾灯总成LAMPKITLICENSE车牌灯总成LAMPKITFRONTTURNSIGNAL转向灯总成LAMPKITFRONTCOMBINATION前小灯总成ICREGUlATORASSY集成电路调节器总成IAMPASSYHEAD大灯总成HID车灯安定器组合HIDBallastCompleteSetforHeadlights HEADLAMPUNIT大灯芯GIASSMETER仪表玻璃GEARKIT分电器传动齿轮GAUGETEMP室内灯FUSE保险丝FLASHERUNITHAZARD转向灯闪光器DISTRIBUTORASSY分电器总成CONTROLLERSUBASSY真空点火提前装置CONDENSER电容器COIlASSYIGNITION点火线圈总成CLUTCHOVERRUNNING啮合器总成CLOCKDIGITAl数字钟CASEMETER仪表壳体CAPASSY分电器盖总成CAM分电器凸轮CAD/CAM车身设计CAD/CAMCarBodyDesign CABlESETSPARKPLUG高压线总成CABLEASSYHIGH中心高压线总成C.D.I.总成C.D.I.UnitAssembly BULBLAMP仪表灯BRUSH电刷BRACKETREAR起动机后端盖BRACKETASSYTRONT起动机前端盖BRACKETASSYREAR发电机后端盖总成BRACEALTERNATOR发电机调节杆件BOXASSYFUSE保险丝盒总成BOARDPRINTED仪表印刷电路BLADEASSY雨刮片总成BEARING轴承BEARINGREAR起动机启轴承BATTERY蓄电池ARMATURESET电枢总成ALTERNATORASSY交流发电机总成A/C风扇A/CFan50CC以下机车LessThan50CCMotorcycle50~150CC机车50~150CCMotorcycle150CC以上机车MoreThan150CCMotorcycle (电动)座椅(Electric)Seat(电动)滑板车(Electric)KickBoardScooter。

汽车手动变速箱外文翻译

MANUAL GEARBOXES9.1 MANUAL GEARBOX CLASSIFICATIONGearboxes are normally classiﬁed according to the number of toothed wheelcouples (stages) involved in the transmission of motion at a given speed; in thecase of manual vehicle transmissions, the number to be taken into account isthat of the forward speeds only, without consideration of the ﬁnal gear, even if included in the gearbox.Therefore there are:•Single stage gearboxes•Dual stage or countershaft gearboxes•Multi stage gearboxesFigure 9.1 sho ws the three conﬁgurations for a four speed gearbox.It is useful to comment on the generally adopted rules of these schemes.Each wheel is represented by a segment whose length is proportional to the pitch diameter of the gear; the segment is ended by horizontal strokes, representingthe tooth width. If the segment is interrupted where crossing the shaft, thegear wheel is idle; the opposite occurs if the segment crosses the line of theshaft without interruption. Then the wheel rotates with the shaft. Hubs are represented according to the same rules, while sleeves are represented with apair of horizontal strokes. Arrows show the input and output shafts.Single stage gearboxes are primarily applied to front wheel driven vehicles,because in these it is useful that the input and the output shaft are oﬀset; inG. Genta and L. Morello, The Automotive Chassis, Volume 1: Components Design, 425 Mechanical Engineering Series,c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009426 9. MANUAL GEARBOXES FIGURE 9.1. Schemes for a four speed gearbox shown in three diﬀerent conﬁgurations: a: single stage, b: double stage and c: triple stage.conventional vehicles, on the other hand, it is better that input and output shaftsare aligned.This is why rear wheel driven vehicles usually adopt a double stage gearbox.The multi-stage conﬁguration is sometime adopted on front wheel drivenvehicles with transversal engine, because the transversal length of the gearboxcan be shortened; it is used when the number of speeds or the width of the gearsdo not allow a single stage transmission to be used.It should be noted that on a front wheel driven vehicle with transversalengine, having decided on the value of the front track and the size of the tire,the length of the gearbox has a direct impact on the maximum steering angle ofthe wheel and therefore on the minimum turning radius.The positive result on the transversal dimension of multi-stage gearboxes isoﬀset by higher mechanical losses, due to the increased number of engaged gear wheels.It should be noted that in triple stage gearboxes, shown in the picture, theaxes of the three shafts do not lie in the same plane, as the scheme seems toshow. In a lateral view, the outline of the three shafts should be represented asthe vertices of a triangle; this lay-out reduces the transversal dimension of the gearbox. In this case and others, as we will show later, the drawing is representedby turning the plane of the input shaft and of the counter shaft on the plane ofthe counter shaft and of the output shaft.Gear trains used in reverse speed are classiﬁed separately. The inversion ofspeed is achieved by using an additional gear. As a matter of fact, in a train ofthree gears, the output speed has the same direction as the input speed, whilethe other trains of two gears only have an output speed in the opposite direction;the added gear is usually called idler.The main conﬁgurations are reported in Fig. 9.2.In scheme a, an added countershaft shows a sliding idler, which can matchtwo close gears that are not in contact, as, for example, the input gear of theﬁrst speed and the output gear of the second speed. It should be noted that, inthis scheme, the drawing does not preserve the actual dimension of the parts.9.1 Manual gearbox classiﬁcation 427FIGURE 9.2. Schemes used for reverse speed; such schemes ﬁt every type of gearboxlay-out.Scheme b shows instead two sliding idlers, rotating together; this arrange-ment oﬀers additional freedom in obtaining a given transmission ratio. The coun-tershaft is oﬀset from the drawing plane; arrows show the gear wheels that matchwhen the reverse speed is engaged.Scheme c is similar to a in relation to the idler; it pairs an added speciﬁcwheel on the output shaft with a gear wheel cut on the shifting sleeve of the ﬁrs tand second speed, when it is in idle position.Conﬁguration d shows a dedicated pair of gears, with a ﬁxed idler and ashifting sleeve.The following are the advantages and disadvantages of the conﬁgurationsshown in the ﬁgure.•Schemes a, b and c are simpler, but preclude the application of synchro-nizers (because couples are not always engaged), nor do they allow the useof helical gears (because wheels must be shifted by sliding).•Scheme d is more complex but can include a synchronizer and can adopthelical gears.•Schemes a, b and c do not increase gearbox length.428 9. MANUAL GEARBOXES9.2 MECHANICAL EFFICIENCYThe mechanical eﬃciency of an automotive gear wheel transmission is high com-pared to other mechanisms performing the same function; indeed, the value ofthis eﬃciency should not be neglected when calculating dynamic performanceand fuel consumption. The continuous eﬀort of to limit fuel consumption justi-ﬁes the care of transmission designers in reducing mechanical losses.Total transmission losses are conveyed up by terms that are both dependentand independent of the processed power; the primary terms are:•Gearing losses; these are generated by friction between engaging teeth(power dependent) and by the friction of wheels rotating in air and oil(power independent).•Bearing losses; these are generated by the extension of the contact area ofrolling bodies and by their deformation (partly dependent on and partlyindependent of power) and by their rotation in the air and oil (powerindependent).•Sealing losses; they are generated by friction between seals and rotatingshafts and are power independent.•Lubrication losses; these are generated by the lubrication pump, if present,and are power independent.All these losses depend on the rotational speed of parts in contact and,therefore, on engine speed and selected transmission ratio.Table 9.1 reports the values of mechanical eﬃciency to be adopted in calcu-lations considering wide open throttle conditions; these values consider a pair ofgearing wheels or a complete transmission with splash lubrication; in the sametable we can see also the eﬃciency of a complete powershift epicycloidal auto-matic transmission and a steel belt continuously variable transmission. For thetwo last transmissions, the torque converter must be considered as locked-up.TABLE 9.1. Mechanical eﬃciency of diﬀerent transmission mechanisms.Mechanism type Eﬃciency (%)Complete manual gearboxwith splash lubrication 92–97Complete automatic transmission(ep. gears) 90–95Complete automatic gearbox(steel belt; without press. contr.) 70–80Complete automatic gearbox(steel belt; with press. contr.) 80–86Pair of cyl. gears 99.0–99.5Pair of bevel gears 90–939.2 Mechanical eﬃciency 429FIGURE 9.3. Contributions to total friction loss of a single stage gearbox designed for300 Nm as function of input speed.It is more correct to reference power loss measurement as a function ofrotational input speed rather than eﬃciency. Figure 9.3 shows the example ofa double stage transmission, in fourth speed, at maximum power; the diﬀerentcontributions to the total are shown.This kind of measurement is made by disassembling the gearbox step bystep, thus eliminating the related loss.In the ﬁrst step all synchronizer rings are removed, leaving the synchronizerhubs only; mechanical losses of non-engaged synchronizers are, therefore, mea-surable. The loss is due to the relative speed of non-engaged lubricated conicalsurfaces; the value of this loss depends, obviously, on speed and the selectedtransmission ratio.In the second step all rotating seals are removed.In the third step the lubrication oil is removed, and therefore, the bulk ofthe lubrication losses is eliminated; some oil must remain in order to leave thecontact between teeth unaﬀected.By removing those gear wheels not involved in power transmission, theirmechanical losses are now measurable.The rest of the loss is due to bearings; the previous removal of parts canaﬀect this value.A more exhaustive approach consists in measuring the complete eﬃciencymap; the eﬃciency can be represented as the third coordinate of a surface, wherethe other two coordinates are input speed and engine torque. Eﬃciency calcu-lations can be made by comparing input and output torque of a working trans-mission.Such map can show how eﬃciency reaches an almost constant value at amodest value of the input torque; it must not be forgotten that standard fuelconsumption evaluation cycles involve quite modest values of torque and there-fore imply values of transmission eﬃciency that are changing with torque.Figure 9.4 shows a qualitative cross section of the aforesaid map, cut atconstant engine speed. It should be noted that eﬃciency is also zero at input430 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.4. Mechanical eﬃciency map, as a function of input torque at constantengine speed; the dotted line represents a reasonable approximation of this curve, to beused on mathematical models for the prediction of performance and fuel consumption.torque values slightly greater than zero; as a matter of fact, friction implies acertain minimum value of input torque, below which motion is impossible.A good approximation to represent mechanical eﬃciency can be made usingthe dotted broken line as an interpolation of the real curve.9.3 MANUAL AUTOMOBILE GEARBOXES9.3.1 Adopted schemesIn manual gearboxes, changing speed and engaging and disengaging the clutchare performed by driver force only.This kind of gearbox is made with helical gears and each speed has a syn-chronizer; some gearboxes do not use show the synchronizer for reverse speed,particularly those in economy minicars.We previously discussed a ﬁrst classiﬁcation; additional information is thespeed number, usually between four and six.Single stage gearboxes are used in trans-axles; they are applied, with someexceptions, to front wheel driven cars with front engine and rear driven cars withrear engine; this is true with longitudinal and transversal engines.In all these situations the ﬁnal drive is included in the gearbox, which istherefore also called transmission.Countershaft double stage gearboxes are used in conventionally driven cars,where the engine is mounted longitudinally in the front and the driving axle isthe rear axle. If the gearbox is mounted on the rear axle, in order to improve theweight distribution, the ﬁnal drive could be included in the gearbox.9.3 Manual automobile gearboxes 431By multi-stage transmissions, some gear wheels could be used for diﬀerentspeeds. The number of gearing wheels could increase at some speeds; this nor-mally occurs at low speeds, because the less frequent use of these speeds reducesthe penalty of lower mechanical eﬃciency on fuel consumption.Cost and weight increases are justiﬁed by transmission length reduction,sometimes necessary on transversal engines with large displacement and morethan four cylinders.In all these gearboxes synchronizers are coupled to adjacent speeds (e.g.:ﬁrst with second, third with fourth, etc.) in order to reduce overall length andto shift the two gears with the same selector rod.We deﬁne as the selection plane of a shift stick (almost parallel to the xzcoordin ate body reference system plane for shift lever on vehicle ﬂoor) the planeon which the lever knob must move in order to select two close speed pairs. Forinstance, for a manual gearbox following many existing schemes, ﬁrst, second,third, fourth and ﬁfth speed are organized on three diﬀerent selection planes; thereverse speed can have a dedicated plane or share its plane with the ﬁfth speed.Figure 9.5 shows a typical example of a ﬁve speed single stage gearbox. Theﬁrst speed wheels are close to a bearin g, in order to limit shaft deﬂection.In this gearbox the total number of tooth wheels pairs is the same as forthe double stage transmission shown in Fig. 9.6.While in the ﬁrst gearbox there are only two gearing wheels for each speed,in the second there are three gearing wheels for the ﬁrst four speeds and noneFIGURE 9.5. Scheme for a ﬁve speed single stage transmission, suitable for front wheeldrive with transversal engine.432 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.6. Scheme of an on-line double stage gearbox for a conventional lay-out.for the ﬁfth. This property is produced by the presence of the so called constantgear wheels (the ﬁrst gear pair at the left) that move the input wheels of theﬁrst four speeds; the ﬁfth speed is a direct drive because the two p arts of theupper shaft are joined together.The single stage gearbox in Fig. 9.5 shows the ﬁfth speed wheel pair posi-tioned beyond the bearing, witness to the upgrading of an existing four speedtransmission; in this case the ﬁfth speed has a dedicated selection plane.The double stage gearbox in Fig. 9.7 is organized in a completely diﬀerentway but also shows the ﬁrst speed pair of wheels close to the bearing. The directdrive is dedicated to the highest speed; the ﬁfth speed shows a dedicated selectio nplane.Six speed double stage gearboxes do not show conceptual changes in com-parison with the previous examples; synchronizers are organized to leave ﬁrstand second, third and fourth, ﬁfth and sixth speeds on the same selection plane.As already seen, the multistage conﬁguration shown in Fig. 9.7 allows areasonable reduction of the length of the gearbox. In this scheme, only ﬁrst andsecond speeds beneﬁt from the second countershaft; power enters the counter-shaft through a constant gear pair of whee ls and ﬂows to the output shaft at areduced speed. Third, fourth and ﬁfth speed have a single stage arrangement.Reverse speed is obtained with a conventional idling wheel.9.3.2 Practical examplesFour speed gearboxes represented the most widely distributed solution in Europeuntil the 1970s, with some economy cars having only three speeds.9.3 Manual automobile gearboxes 433FIGURE 9.7. Scheme of a triple stage ﬁve speed gearbox, suitable for front wheel drivencar with transversal engine.With the increase in installed power, the improvement in aerodynamic per-formance and increasing attention to fuel consumption, it became necessary toincrease the transmission ratio of the last speed, having the ﬁrst speed remain atthe same values; as a matter of fact car weight continued to increase and engineminimum speed did not change signiﬁcantly.To achieve satisfactory performance all manufacturers developed ﬁve speedgearboxes; this solution is now standard, but many examples of six speed gear-boxes are available on the market, not limited to sports cars.Figure 9.8 shows an example of a six speed double stage transmission withthe ﬁfth in direct drive; here the ﬁrst and second pair of wheels are close to thebearing.This rule is not generally accepted; on one hand having the most stressedpairs of wheels close to the bearing allows a shaft weight containment. On theother hand, having the most frequently used pairs of wheels close to the bearingreduces the noise due to shaft deﬂection.Synchronizers of fourth and third speed are mounted on the countershaft;this lay-out reduces the work of synchronization, improving shifting quality by anamount proportional to the dimension of the synchronizing rings. Synchronizersof ﬁrst and second gear on the output shaft are, because of their diameter, larger434 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.8. Double stage six speed gearbox (GETRAG).than those of the corresponding gear; the penalty of the synchronization work ispaid by the adoption of a double ring synchronizer.Synchronizers on the countershaft oﬀer a further advantage: In idle positionthe gears are stopped and produce no rattle; this subject will be studied later on.9.3 Manual automobile gearboxes 435Figure 9.9 introduces the example of a single stage gearbox for a frontlongitudinal engine. The input upper shaft must jump over the diﬀerential, whichis set between the engine and the wheels. The increased length of the shaftssuggested adopting a hollow section. Because of this length the box is dividedinto two sections; on the joint between the two sections of the box additionalbearings are provided to reduce the shaft deﬂection.The input shaft features a ball bearing close to the engine and three otherneedle bearings that manage solely the radial loads. The output shaft has twotapered roller bearings on the diﬀerential side and a roller bearing on the oppositeside. This choice is justiﬁed by the relevant axial thrust emerging from the bevelgears.The ﬁrst and second speed synchronizers are on the output shaft a nd featurea double ring.The reverse speed gears are placed immediately after the joint (the idlergear is not visible) and have a synchronized shift. Remaining synchronizers areset in the second section of the box on the input shaft. The output shaft endswith the bevel pinion, a part of the ﬁnal ratio.It should be noted that the gears of the ﬁrst, second and reverse speeds aredirectly cut on the input shaft, in order to reduce overall dimensions.Most contemporary cars use a front wheel drive with transversal engine; thenumber of gearboxes with integral helical ﬁnal ratio is, therefore, dominant.In these gearboxes geared pairs are mounted from the ﬁrst to the last speed,starting from the engine side. An example of this architecture is given in Fig. 9.10.Like many other transmissions created with only four speeds, it shows theﬁfth speed segregated outside of the aluminium box and enclosed by a thin steelsheet cover; this placement is to limit the transverse dimension of the powertrain, in the area where there is potential interference with the left wheel in thecompletely steered position.This solution is questionable as far as the total length is concerned but showssome advantage in the reduction of the span between the bearings. Each bearingis of the ball type; on the side opposite to the engine the external ring of thebearing can move axially, to compensate for thermal diﬀerential displacements.One of the toothed wheels of the reverse speed is cut on the ﬁrst and secondshifting sleeve.The casing is open on both sides; one of these is the rest of one of thebearings of the ﬁnal drive. A large cover closes the casing on t he engine side and,in the meantime, provides installation for the second bearing of the ﬁnal driveand the space for the clutch mechanism; it is also used to join the gearbox tothe engine.In this gearbox synchronizers are placed partly on the input shaft and partlyon the output shaft.Figure 9.11 shows a drawing of a more modern six speed gearbox, in whichit was possible to install all the gears in a conventional single stage arrangement,thanks to the moderate value of the rated torque.436 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.9. Single stage six speed gearbox for longitudinal front engine (Audi).9.4 Manual gearboxes for industrial vehicles 437FIGURE 9.10. Five speed transmission for a transversal front engine (FIAT).Gears are arranged from the ﬁrst to the sixth, starting from the engineside; as we have already said this arrangement is demanded by the objectiveof minimizing shaft deﬂection. Only the synchronizers of ﬁrst and second speedfound no place on the input shaft; they are of the double ring type, as for theﬁrst speed.The reverse speed is synchronized and beneﬁts of a countershaft not shownin this drawing.9.4 MANUAL GEARBOXES FOR INDUSTRIALVEHICLES9.4.1 Lay-out schemesThe gearboxes we are going to examine in this section are suitable for vehicles ofmore than about 4 t of total weight; lighter vehicles, usually called commercialvehicles, adopt gearboxes that are derived from automobile production, as notedin the previous section.438 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.11. Six speed transmission for a transversal front engine (FIAT).Gearboxes used in industrial vehicles also feature synchronizers; they can beshifted directly, as in a conventional manual transmission, or indirectly with theassistance of servomechanisms. Non-synchronized gearboxes are sometimes usedon long haul trucks, because of their robustness. Assisted shifting mechanismsare widespread because of the easy availability of power media. Automatic orsemi-automatic transmis sions are also used, the ﬁrst type especially in buses.For gearboxes with four up to six speeds, the double stage countershaftarchitecture represents a standard; the scheme is the same as seen before.The constant gear couple is used for all speeds but the highest. Also notableis that the lowest speed wheels are close to the bearings.As shown in the drawings of Fig. 9.12, the highest speed can be obtainedeither in direct drive (scheme b) or with a pair of gears (scheme a); in this lastcase the direct drive is used for the speed before the last: these architectures arecalled direct drive and overdrive.In the ﬁgure, only the last and the ﬁrst before the last speed are represented.The choice between the two alternatives can be justiﬁed by the diﬀerentvehicle mission; virtually the same gearbox can be used on diﬀerent vehicleswith diﬀerent frequently used speeds (a truck and a bus for example).9.4 Manual gearboxes for industrial vehicles 439FIGURE 9.12. Alternative constant gear schemes with last or ﬁrst before the last speedin direct drive.Sometime the constant gear is set on the output shaft, after the diﬀerentspeed gears; this conﬁguration oﬀers the following advantages:•Reduction of the work of synchronization, because of the smaller gear di-mension at the same torque and total transmission ratio•Less stress on the input shaft and countershaftOn the other hand, the following disadvantages emerge:•Bearings rotate faster.•Constant gear wheels are more highly stressed.This applies for single range transmissions.Multiple range transmissions feature, in addition to the main gearbox, othergearboxes that multiply the number of speeds of the main gearbox by the numberof their speeds. With this architecture the total number of gear pairs might bereduced, for a given number of speeds, and, sometime the use of the gearshiftlever can be simpler.This arrangement is used when more than six speeds are necessary. A multi-ple range transmission is therefore made out of a combination of diﬀerent coun-tershaft gearboxes, single range gearboxes or epicycloidal gearboxes.Each added element is called a range changer if it is conceived as beingcapable of using the main gearbox speeds in sequence, in two completely non-overlapping series of vehicle speeds; for example, if the main gearbox has fourspeeds, the ﬁrst speed in the high range is faster than the fourth speed in thelow range.The element is called a splitter if it is intended to create speeds that areintermediate to those of the main gearbox; in this case, for example the third440 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESFIGURE 9.13. Scheme of a 16 speed gearbox for industrial vehicles; it is made with afour gear main gearbox, a double speed splitter and a double speed range changer withdirect drive.speed in the high range is faster than the third speed in the low range, but slowerthan the fourth speed in the low range.We call the gearbox with the highest number of speeds the main gearbox;the splitter and the range changer will be set in series before and after the maingearbox.Figure 9.13 shows the scheme of a gearbox featuring a splitter and a rangechanger. The splitter is made out of a pair of wheels that work as two diﬀerentconstant gears for the main gearbox. The countershaft can therefore be movedat two diﬀerent speeds, according to the position of the splitter unit. Becausethe main gearbox has four speeds, this splitter unit can create a total of eightspeeds, one of them being in direct drive.At the output shaft of this assembly, there is a range changer unit madeas a two speed double stage gearbox with direct drive; this unit multiplies bytwo the total number of obtainable speeds. The range changer is qualiﬁed by the signiﬁcant diﬀerence between the two obtainable speeds.The range changer can be made with a countershaft gearbox or an epicy-cloidal gearbox with direct drive; the advantage in the latter case is the possi-bility of an easier automatic actuation, by braking some of the elements of the epicycloidal gear.9.4 Manual gearboxes for industrial vehicles 441FIGURE 9.14. Transmission ratios obtained with the scheme of transmission shown in Fig. 9.15; speed identiﬁcation shows the main gearbox speed with the number, the splitter position with the ﬁrst letter, the range changer position wi th the second; L stands for low, H stands for high.It is also possible to place the range changer before the main gearbox andthe splitter unit after the main gearbox.A diﬀerent way of deﬁning the functions of range change units is to say thatthe splitter is a gearbox that compresses the gear sequence, because it reducesthe gap between speeds, while the range changer is a gearbox that expands the gear sequence, because it increases the total range of the transmission.Figure 9.14 explains the concept of compression; the bars represent the ratios obtained in all shifting lever positions. Ratios obtained with the splitter unit inthe L position (the ﬁrst letter in the speed identiﬁcation, L stands for lower ratio) are interspersed with the ratios obtained with the splitter unit in the H position (H stands for higher ratio, in this case 1:1) and reduce the amplitude of the gear steps of the main gearbox.The same ﬁgure also explains the concept of expansion, showing on thesame graph the ratio obtained with the range changer in the H position (second identiﬁcation letter) and the L position; the gear step between the ﬁrst in lowgear and the ﬁrst in high gear is as big as the range of the main gearbox, andthe total transmission range is widened.The range changer is therefore seldom used, when driving conditions change suddenly, as, for example, when leaving a normal road for a country road that must be driven more slowly, or when encountering a strong slope with a fully loaded vehicle. The splitter allows the dynamic performance of the vehicle to be improved, making the optimum transmission ratio available to obtain the desired power. The splitter is therefore used frequently. In a fully loaded vehicle, for example, all split ratios can be used in sequence during full throttle acceleration from a standstill.442 9. MANUAL GEARBOXESThe range changer and splitter are usually made as modular units that canbe mounted at both ends of the main gearbox, or changed with simple covers,in order to satisfy all application needs with limited total production costs. Generalizing these concepts could suggest building transmissions using ad- ditional range changing units arranged in series. These could be conceived as being made only of splitter units with direct drive.In such a case, with n pairs of tooth wheels it is possible to obtain a totalof z transmission ratios, given by the formula:z =2n−1. (9.1)The formula expresses the number of possible states that can be obtainedfrom n − 1 pairs of gears; one unit is subtr acted because one pair must be a constant gear to move the countershaft.With four pairs of gears, for example, four speeds can be obtained in adouble stage gearbox; while using a cascade of splitters eight diﬀerent speeds could be obtained. The goal of good shift manoeuvrability and the implicationsfor mechanical losses must not be forgotten, while deﬁning the best architecture. Figure 9.15 shows the scheme of the 16 speed transmission with splitter andrange changer we already described. In this picture are represented the spans of。

汽车英语词汇

(变速比) hydrodynamic unit change 液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic controlsystem电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulicautomatiec换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever)(副变速器)变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shiftfork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨(拨叉道轨)shift rail直接变速direct change(directcontrol)方向盘式变速column shift (handlechange)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speedgear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torqueperformance全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasiticlosses)performance原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient ofmoment)过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节,伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉(焊接叉)tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly 挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocityjoint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ballgrooves偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppauniversal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universaljoint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groovecouplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slipddiveshaft两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip driveshaft单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tubeassembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaftassembly允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspensiondrive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles"三速"贯通轴"three-speed" tandemaxles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted doublereduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted doublereduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted doublereducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reductionfinal drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary finaldrive双级双速主减速器two speed doublereduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hubreductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor 行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor)外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case) 主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio 双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear 行星齿轮spider gear(planetarypinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevelgears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevelgears and hypoid gears平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axlehousing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axlehousing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axlehousing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axleshaft驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type ofsuspension组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type双横臂式double with-bone arm type横置板簧式transversal leaf spring type双纵臂式double trailing arm type单横臂式single transverse arm type双横臂式double -wishbone type单横臂式singe trailing arm type双纵臂式double-trailing arm type单斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四连杆式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type烛式sliding pillar type麦弗逊式MacPherson type金属弹簧式metal spring type空气弹簧式air spring type油气弹簧式hydro-pneumatic springtype橡胶液体弹簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡胶弹簧式rubber spring type液体弹簧式hydraulic spring type三点悬架three-point suspension四点悬架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts悬架臂suspension arm上悬架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm纵臂trailing arm横臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撑梁support beam横向推力杆lateral rod纵向推力杆longitudinal rod拉杆tension rod压杆strut bar支撑杆strut bar扭矩套管torque tube变截面弹簧tapered spring钢板弹簧leaf spring(laminated spring)副钢板弹簧auxiliary spring非对称钢板弹簧unsymmetrical leaf spring 单片式钢板弹簧single leaf spring多片式钢板弹簧muotileaved spring纵向钢板弹簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋弹簧coil spring (helicalspring) 空气弹簧air spring囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm typeair spring 橡胶弹簧rubber spring type液体弹簧hydraulic spring油气弹簧hydro-pneumatic spring type单气室油气弹簧single chamber hydragas spring 双气室油气弹簧double chamber hydragasspring液体弹簧hydraulic spring底盘弹簧chassis spring四分之一椭圆形弹簧quarter elliptic spring半椭圆形弹簧half-ellipticspring(semi-elliptic spring)四分之三椭圆形弹簧three quarter elliptic spring全椭圆形弹簧full elliptic spring悬臂弹簧cantilever spring簧上质量sprung weight簧下质量unsprung weight垫上弹簧载荷量spring capacity at pad地面弹簧载荷量spring capacity at ground弹簧静挠度spring static deflection弹簧跳动间隙bump clearance of spring弹簧中心距distance between springcenters减振器shock absorber筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber油压缓冲器hydraulic buffer负荷调平式减振器load -levelling shockabsorber液压减振器dydraulic shock absorber可调减振器adjustable shock absorber摇臂式减振器lever type shock absorber磨擦式减振器frictional shock absorber充气减振器gas-filled shock absorber动力减振器dynamic shock absorber减振器卸荷阀shock absorber relief valve减振器进油阀shock absorber intakevalve减振器示功图damper indicator diagram减振器液damper fluid横向稳定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑动座sliding seat滑板sliding plate弹簧架spring bracket弹簧主片spring leaf钢板弹簧吊耳leaf spring shackle钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin弹簧卷耳spring eyeU型螺栓U bolt钢板弹簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡胶衬套rubber bushing缓冲块buffer stopper限位块limiting stopper平衡轴trunnion shaft平衡轴支座trunnion base臂轴arm shaft平横臂equalizer螺纹衬套screw bushing(车身)高度阀levelling valve车架auxiliary tank整体车架unitized frame上弯式梁架upswept frame (kick upframe)短型车架stub frame发动机支架engine mounting半径杆radius rod平衡杆stabilizer bar制动反应杆brake reaction rod分开式车身和车架separated body and frame车轮wheel车轮尺寸名称wheelsize designation车轮类型wheel type单式车轮single wheel双式车轮dual wheel整体轮毂式车轮wheel with integral hub组装轮辋式车轮demountable rim wheel对开式车轮divided wheel可调车轮adustable wheel辐板式车轮disc wheel可反装式车轮reversible wheel辐条式车轮wire wheel安装面attachment face安装面直径attachment face diameter双轮中心距dual spacing半双轮中心距half dual spacing轮缘flange固定轮缘fixed flange轮缘规格代号flange size disignation轮缘高度flange height轮缘半径flange radius轮级端部半径flange edge radius轮级宽度flange width内轴承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder 内移距inset横向跳动lateral run-out外移距outset径向跳动radius run-out轮辋rim轮辋尺寸名称rim size disignation轮辋宽度rim width标定轮辋宽度specified rim width轮辋直径rim diameter标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter轮辋类型rim types整体式(深槽式)one-piece(drop -center DC)半深槽式semi-drop center (SDC)二件式two-piece三件式three-piece四件式four-piece轮毂座hub seat五件式five-piece轮辋轮廓类型rim contour classification深槽轮辋drop center rim(DC)深槽宽轮辋wide drop centerrim(WDC)半深槽轮辋semi-drop center rim(SDC)平底轮辋flat base rim平底宽轮辋wide flat base rim (WFB)全斜底轮辋full tapered bead seat rim(TB)可拆卸轮辋demountable rim wheel对开式轮辋divided rim(DT)轮辋基体rim base轮辋基体偏移距rim base offset轮辋偏移距rim bevel distance气门嘴孔valve hole气门嘴孔的位置rim hole location锁圈槽gutter锁圈槽沟gutter groove锁圈槽顶gutter tip隔圈spaceband隔圈宽度spacerband width标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter标定轮辋宽度specified rim width花键spline弹性锁圈spring lock ring辐条式车轮轮毂shell (wire shell)轮辋槽well槽角well angle槽深well depth槽底半径well iner radius槽的位置well position槽顶圆角半径well radius top槽宽度well width中心孔center hole中心线center line夹紧块clamp夹紧螺栓clamping bolt锥型座(螺帽定位用)cone seat (for retainingnut)可拆卸档圈detachable endless flange可拆卸弹簧档圈detachable spring flange可拆卸锥形座圈detachable endless taperbead seat ring轮辐disc辐条wire spoke零移距zeroset弯距bending moment动态径向疲劳试验dynamic radial fatigue test横向疲劳试验cornering fatigue test轴安装axel mounting轴颈安装journal mounting孔径bore轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre胎面花纹treadpattern纵向花纹circumferetial pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern 混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern 定向花纹directional tread pattern雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图patttern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib装配线fitting line防擦线kerbing rib胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optionalcontours凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身tube body断面宽度section width断面高度section height高宽比(H/S)aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius转向系steering system类型type机械转向系manual steering system动力转向系power steering system转向操纵机构steering controlmechanism直列式转向器in-line steering gear四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkagesteering整体式动力转向机构integral type powersteering总成和部件assemblies and parts转向万向节steering universal joint转向传动轴steering inner articulatedshaft转向管柱steering column球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steeringcolumn可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column网络状转向柱管net type steering column 转向轴steering shaft转向横轴cross shaft转向盘steering wheel倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel机构转向器manual steering gear蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear转向器盖cover of steering gear壳体housing转向蜗杆steering worm滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft侧盖side cover摇臂轴pitman arm shaft循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear转向螺母steering nut钢球ball转向螺杆steering screw 循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever andpeg steering gear指销stud蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steeringgear转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack动力转向器power steering stgear整体式动力转向器integral power steeringgear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressurehydraulic power steeringgear常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulicpower steering gear螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steeringgear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steeringgear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steeringgear变传动比转向器steering gear with variableratio转向控制阀steering control valve滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type阀体valve housing滑阀valve spool转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type扭杆torsion bar转向动力缸power cylinder转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向传动杆系steering linkage动力转向系布置power steering systemlayout反作用阀reactive valve梯形转向机构ackerman steering整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steeringlinkdage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steeringlinkage中间转向杆intermediate steering rod转向摇臂pitman arm转向直拉杆steering drag link中间转向联杆center steering linkdage端部螺塞end plug球头销ball stud球头座ball cup压缩弹簧compression spring梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形臂tie rod arm转向横拉杆steering tie rod接头socket横拉杆端接头tie rod end分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rodlinkage摆臂swing arm动力转向power steering气压式动力转向air-power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flowtype power steering液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulatorpower steering慢速转向slow steeirng快速转向fast steering (quicksteering)过度转向oversteering转向不足understeering转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steeringgear转向力矩steering mometn转向阻力矩steering resisting torque转向力steering force转向传动比steering gear ratio(steering ratio0恒定转向传动比constant ratio steering可变转向传动比variable ratio steering转向系角传动比steering system angle ratio转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio转向器传动效率steerign gear efficiency正效率forward efficiency逆效率reverse efficiency转向器扭转刚度torsional stiffness ofsteering gear转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns转向器总圈数total turns of steering gaer 转向器传动间隙steering gar cleanrance摇臂轴最大转角max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft转向摇臂最大摆角max. Swing angle of steering pitman arm转向器反驱动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear转向器最大输出扭矩steering gear max. Output torque最大工作压力max. Working pressure额定工作压力rated working pressure转向油泵理论排量theoretical displacement of pump限制流量limited flow转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened play of steering contol valve转向控制阀全开隙totally -opened play of steering control valve转向控制阀内泄漏量internal leakage in steering control valve转向控制阀压力降pressure loss in steering control valve转向器角传动比特性steering gear angle ratio characteristic转向器传动间隙特性steering gear clearance characterstic转向器传动效率特性steering gear efficeieny characteristic转向力特性steering force characteristic 动力转向系灵敏度特性power steering systmeresponse characteristic转向控制阀压力降特性steeirn gcontrol valvepresrue loss characteristtic前桥front axle工字梁I-beam双工字梁twin I-beam非驱动桥dead axle转向节steering knuckle挂车转向装置steering system of trailer中央主销式转向装置central king pin typesteering systme无主销转向装置no king pin type steeringsystem全杆式转向装置all linkage tyep steeringsystem球销式转向节ball and socket steeringknuckle转向节止推轴承steering knuckle thrustbearing前轮轴front wheel spindle转向盘轴steering spindle转向节轴knuckle spindle转向节臂steering knuckle arm(转向节)主销knuckle pin(King pin)反拳式前桥reverse elliott axle反拳式转向节reverse elliott steeringknuckle叉式前桥elliott type axle叉式转向节elliott steering knuckle制动系braking ssytem类型tyep行车制动系统service braking sytem应急制动系统secondary(emergency )brakingsytem驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking sytem人力制动系统muscular energy brakingsytem助力制动系统energy assisted brakingsystem动力制动系统non-muscular energybraking system惯性制动系统inertial braking styem重力制动系统gravity braking sytem单回路制动系统single-circuit brakingsystem双回路制动系统dual -ciurcuit brakingsystem单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking sytem多管路制动系统multi-line braking sytem连续制动系统continuous braking sytem半连续制动系统semi-continuous brakingsytemm非连续制动系统non-continuous brakingsystem伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking sytem电磁制动系统electormagnetic brakingsytem机械制动系统mechanical braking sytem组合制动系统combination braking sytem基本术语bsic terms制动装备braking equipment组成部件constituent elements制动力学braking mechanics渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force干扰后效制动力矩distrubing residual brakingtorque总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking distance制动力分配率braking force distaributionrate制动效能因素(制动强度)braking efficiency factro制动力braking work瞬时制动功率instantaneous brakingpower保护压力rptection pressure报警压力alarm pressure制动系滞后braking system hysteresis制动效果百分数percentage of the brakingefficiency停车距离(制动距离)stopping distance充分发出的平均减速度mean fully developed braking deceleration (MFDD)制动反应时间reaction time促动时间actuating time初始反应时间initial response time制动力增长时间build-up time of braking force有效制动时间active braking time释放时间release time驾驶员反应时间reaction time of driver 机构滞后时间mechanism hysteresis time增长时间build-up time of braking force主制动时间main braking time总制动时间total braking tiem停车时间stopping tiem开启行程opening travel空行程spare travel中间行程mid-travel制动储备行程reserve brake travel断油行程cut-off travel行程损失loss of travel缩小比(减压比) reduction ratio回缩retraction两片法two-plate method单片法single-plate method含水量moistrue content单轮控制individual wheel control多轮控制multi wheel control轴控制axle control边控制side control对角控制diagonal control组合多轴控制combined multi-axlecontrol可变选择variable selection最低控制速度minimum control speed传感器信号选择sensor signal低选择select -low高选择select-high预定选择predetermined selectin车轮选择selection by wheel平均选择average selecton分辨率resolution rate控制周期control cycle控制频率control frequency控制力control force作用力control froce制动器效能因素application force制动器材的滞后brake hysteresis制动器输出力矩brake output torque制动器额定力矩brake rating torque制动蹄效能因素brake shoe efficiencyfactro制动蹄作用压力application pressure ofbrake shoe assebmly制动蹄释放压力release pressure of brakeshoe最大制动蹄中心升程maximum shoe centre lift制动鼓直径drum diameter制动鼓宽度drum width制动鼓厚度drum thickness制动盘厚度disc thickness(鼓或盘)的摩擦面积swept area制动衬片吸收功率power absorption of lining制动衬片包角lining arc制动衬片单位面积制动力lining drag衬片摩擦系数lining mu衬片摩擦面积/每轴lining area/axle衬片摩擦面积/每个制动器lining area/brake踏板行程pedal travel踏板自由行程free pedal travel踏板最大行程maximum pedal travel踏板力pedal effort有效踏板长度effective pedal length踏板速比pedal velocity ratio踏板回位弹簧力pedal return spring load踏板回位弹簧刚度pedal return spring rate制动初速度initial speed of braking制动减速度braking deceleration瞬时制动减速度instantaneous brakingdeceleration平均制动减速度mean braking deceleration最大制动减速度maximum brakingdeceleration石油基制动液petroleum base brake fluid非石油基制动液non-petroleum base brakefluid最低湿沸点minimum wet boiling point防冻液anti-freeze liquid冷却液cooling liquid供能装置energy supplying device真空泵vacuum pump喷射器ejector真空罐(筒)vacuum tank空压机air compressor气缸盖cylinder head气缸体cylinder block活塞piston火塞环piston ring连杆connecting rod活塞销piston pin曲轴crank shaft进气阀intake valve排气阀exhaust valve储气罐(筒)air storage reservoir调压阀pressure regulating valve单向阀single check valve止回阀,单向阀check valve滤清器filter进气滤清器air intake filter排气滤清器air exhaust filter管路滤清器line filter滤网(芯)strainer油水分离器oil and water seperator 防冻器aiti-freezer空气干燥器air dryer排放阀drain valve压力保护阀pressrue protection valve 控制装置control device行车制动踏板装置service braking pedal device制动踏板braking pedal踏板护套pedal pad踏板支架pedal brackeet衬套bushing套管collar销轴axis pin回位弹簧retruen spring驻车制动操纵装置parking brake control device操纵杆control lever操纵杆支架control lever bracket操纵杆导套control lever guide collar 齿杆(棘轮)rod rack(ratchet)棘抓ratchet pawl 操纵揽绳control cable平衡臂equalizer拉杆(拉绳)pull rod(pull wire)拉杆导套pull rod guide collar制动杆brake lever手制动杆hand lever气制动阀aire brake valve单腔气制动阀single-chamber air brakevalve推杆plunger气阀air valve平衡弹簧equalizing spring膜片diaphragm双腔气制动阀dual-chamber air brakevalve串列式双腔气制动阀series dual -chamber airbrake valve并列式双腔气制动阀parallel dual-chamber airbrake valve三腔气制动阀triple-chamber air brakevalve三通路控制阀three way control valve双向止回阀(双通单向阀)dual way check valve继动阀relay valve快放阀quick release valve继动快放阀relay and quick releasevalve挂车制动阀trailer braking valve挂车制动应急继动阀trailer braking relayemergency valve挂车制动保护阀trailer braking protectonvalve挂车制动放松阀trailer braking relax valve手控制动阀hand braking valve传能装置transmission device制动主缸brake master cylinder有补偿孔式制动主缸compensating brakemaster cylinder无补偿孔式制动主缸portless brake mastercylinder串列双腔式制动主缸series dual chamber brakemaster cylinder盘式制动器制动缸disc brake cylinder双腔制动主缸tandem master cylinder主腔primary chamber应急腔secondary chamber膜片diaphragm主缸缸体master cylinder body皮碗防护垫cup protector主皮碗primary cup皮圈(副皮碗)ring cup副皮碗secontary cup弹簧座spring seat活塞挡圈piston stopper卡环snap ring主缸推杆master cylinder push rod连接叉clevis防尘罩(套)boot残留阀residual valve储液室fluid reservoir主缸储液室master cylinder reservoir储液室盖fluid reservoir cap进油阀inlet valve第一活塞first piston第二活塞secondary piston轮缸wheel cylinder伺服机构servo mechanism助力器booster真空助力器vacuum booster反馈杠杆reaction lever反馈盘reaction plate伺服阀servo valve反馈柱塞reaction plunger伺服活塞servo piston助力活塞boosting piston伺服膜片servo diaphragm助力膜片boosting diaphragm真空增压器vacuum intensifier控制阀体control valve body阀门弹簧valve spring控制膜片回位弹簧control diaphragm returnspring控制膜片control diaphragm控制活塞control piston。

变速箱术语

变速器 transmission (gearbox)トランスミッション（ギアーボックス）机械式变速器 mechanical transmission固定轴式变速器 fixed shaft transmission中间轴变速器 countershaft transmission双中间轴变速器 twin countershaft transmission多中间轴变速器 multi-countershaft transmission两轴式变速器 twin-shaft transmission行星齿轮式变速器 planetary transmission プラネタリートランスミッション滑动齿轮变速器 sliding gear trnasmission スライディングギアトランスミッション全直齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all spur gear transmission全斜齿常啮式变速器 fully constant mesh all helical gear transmission全齿套变速器 all dog clutch transmission多级变速器 multi-speed transmission无级变速器 non-stage transmission ノーステージトランスミッション同步器式变速器 synchromesh transmission直接档变速器 direct drive transmission ダイレクトドライブトランスミッション超速档变速器 over drive transmision オーバードライブトランスミッション手动换档变速器 manually shifted transmission マニュアルシフトトランスミッション直接操纵变速器 direct control transmissionm ダイレクトコントロールトランスミッション远距离操纵变速器 remote control trnasmission リモートコントロールトランスミッション动力助力换档变速器 power assisted shift transmission自动换档机械式变速器 automatic mechanical tranmission半自动换档机械式变速器 semi-automatic mechanical transmission插入式多档变速器 interttype multi-speed tranmission分段式多档变速器 sectional type multi-speed tranmisssion组合式变速器 combinatory transmission主变速器 basic trnasmission副变速器 splitter带主减速器的变速器 final driving transmission液力变速器 hydraudynamic transmission自动液力变速器 automatic transmissionオートマチックトランスミッション半自动液力变速器 semiautomatic transmission セミオートマチックトランスミッション人工换档液力变速器 manually shifted transmission分流式液力变速器 split torque drive tranmisson スプリットトルクドライブトランスミッション定轴式液力变速器 countershaft transmission行星式液力变速器 planetary trnamission プラネタリートランスミッション电子同步变速装置 electronically synchronized transmission assembly滑动齿轮传动 sliding -gear transmission スライディングギアトランスミッション常啮合齿轮传动 constant mesh transmission啮合套 shift sleeve (engagement sleeve)液力传动 hydraudynamic drive液力传动装置 dydraudynamic drive unit液力偶合器 fluid coupling液力变矩器 torque converter トルクコンバータ综合式液力变矩器 torque converter-coupling锁止式液力变矩器 lock-up torque converterロックアップトルクコンバータ变容式液力变矩器 variable capacity converter同步器 synchronizer常压式同步器 constant pressure synchronizer惯性式同步器 inertial type of synchronizer自动增力式同步器 self-servo sysnchronizer双涡轮液力变矩器 double-turbine torque converterダブルタービントルクコンバータ双泵轮液力变矩器 double-impeller torque converterダブルインベラトルクコンバータ导轮可反转的变矩器 torque converter with revereal reacto分动箱（分动器） transfer caseトランスファーケース辅助变速器 auxiliary gear box取力器（动力输出机构） power take-off传动轴减速器 dirveline retarder液力减速器 hydraulic retarder单向离合器 one-way clutchワンウェークラッチ锁止离合器 lock-up clutch クラッチ叶轮 memberメンバー泵轮 impeller インペラー涡轮 turbine タービン导轮 reactro转子 rotor定子 stator级 stageステージ相 phase叶片 blade ブレード转动叶片 variable blade循环圆 trus section速度三角形 triangle of velocities外环 shell シェル内环 core コア设计流线 design path边斜角（进出口） bias(entrance and exit)包角 scroll叶片骨线 mean camberline叶片角 blade angleブレードアングル阻流板 step,reflectro,baffle速度环量 circulation (circulation of stream)液流角 flow angleフォローアングル滑差 slipスリップ速比 speed ratioスピードレシオ变矩比 torque ratioトルクレシオ能容系数 capacity factor零速转速 stall speed空转转速 racing speed变矩范围 torque conversion range偶合范围 coupling range偶合点 coupling point锥形渐开线齿轮 conical involute gear变速齿轮 transmission gear トランスミッションギアー分动齿轮（分动机构） transfer gearトランスファーギアー变速齿轮组 change gear setチェンジギアーセット滑动齿轮 sliding gearスライディングギアー常啮齿轮 constant mesh gear倒档中间齿轮 reverse idler gear行星齿轮机构 planetary gearsプラネタリーギア行星齿轮 planet gearプレートギアー行星架 planet carrierプレートキャリア太阳齿轮 sun gearサンギアー内齿轮 internal or king gearインターナルオーキングギアー外侧行星齿轮 outer planet gearアウタープレートギアー内侧行星齿轮 inner planet gearインナープレートギアー长行星齿轮 long planet gearロングプレートギアー短行星齿轮 shor planet gear双联行星齿轮 compound planet gear中间齿轮 intermediate gear(counter gear)副轴齿轮 counter shaft gear副轴 counter shaft变速器输入轴 transmission imput shaftトランスミッションインプットシャフト变速器输出轴 transmission output shaftトランスミッションアウトプットシャフト变速器主动齿轮轴 transmission drive gear shaftトランスミッションドライブギアシャフト变速器主轴 transmission main shaftトランスミッションメインシャフト变速器中间轴 transmission countershaft变速器轴的刚度 rigidity of shaft变速齿轮比（变速比） transmission gear ratio トランスミッションギアーレシオ传动比 gear ratioギアーレシオ主压力 line pressure调制压力 modulated pressure真空调制压力 vacuum modulator pressure速控压力 governor pressure缓冲压力 compensator or trimmer pressure限档压力 hold presure前油泵 front pump (input pump )フロントポンプ（インプットポンプ）液力传动装置充油压力 hydrodynamic unit change pressure后油泵 gear pump (output pump )ギアポンプ（アウトポンプ）回油泵 scavenge oil pump调压阀 pressure -regulator vavle电磁阀调压阀 solenoid regulator valve液力变矩器旁通阀 converter bypass valve速控阀 governor valve选档阀 selectro valveセレクトバルブ换档阀 shift valveシャフトバルブ信号阀 signal valve继动阀 relay valveリレーバルブ换档指令发生器 shift pattern generator档位指示器 shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀 priority valve流量阀 flow valveフォローバルブ重迭阀 overlap valveオーバーラップバルブ液力减速器控制阀 retarder control valve液力起步 fluid start零速起动 stall start液力变矩器锁止 converter lockup コンバータロックアップ全液压自动换档系统 hydraulic automatic control system电液式自动换档系统 electronic -hydraulic automatiec换档 shiftシフト升档 upshiftアップシフト降档 downshiftダウンシフト动力换档 power shfitパワーシフト单向离合器换档 freewheel shfitフリーホイルシフト人工换档 manual shfitマニュアルシフト自动换档 automaitc shfitオートーマチックシフト抑制换档 inhibited shift超限换档 overrun shift强制换档 forced shift换档点 shift pointシフトポイント叶片转位 blade angle shiftブレードアングルシフト换档滞后 shift hysteresis换档循环 shift schedule换档规律 process of power shift动力换档过程 timing タイミング换档定时 property of automatic shift换档品质 property of automatic shft换档元件 engaging element换档机构 gearshift ギアーシフト操纵杆 control leverコントロールレバー变速杆 stick shift(gear shift lever)（副变速器）变速杆 range selector变速叉 shifting fork (gear shift fork)シフティングフォーク（ギアーシフトフォーク）分动箱控制杆 transfer gear shift forkトランスファーギアーシフトフォーク变速踏板 gear shift pedal ギアーシフトペダル变速轨（拨叉道轨） shift railシフトレール直接变速 direct change(direct control)ダイレクトチェンジ（ダイレクトコントロール）方向盘式变速 column shift (handle change)コラムシフト（ハンドルチェンジ）按钮控制 finger-tip controlフェンガーチップコントロール槽导变速 gate changeゲートチェンジ空档位置 neutral position直接驱动 direct driveダイレクトドライブ高速档 top gear(high gear)トップギアー（ハイギアー）低速档 bottom gear(low speed gear)ボトムギアー（ロースピードギアー）第一档 first gearファーストギア第二档 second gearセカンドギア超速档 overdirve gearオーバードライブギア经济档 economic gear倒档 reverse gear爬行档 creeper gear驱动特性 drive performanceドライブパフォーマンス反拖特性 coast performance定输入扭矩特性 constant input torque performance全油门特性 full throttle performance寄生损失特性 no load (parasitic losses)performance原始特性 primary characteristic响应特性 response characteristic吸收特性 absorption characteristic全特性 total external characteristic输入特性 characteristic of enhance输出特性 characteristic of exit力矩特性 torque factor(coefficient of moment)过载系数 overloading ratioオーバーローディング变矩系数 torque ratioトルクレシオ能容系数 capacity factorr几何相似 geometry similarity运动相似 kinematic similarity动力相似 dynamic similarity透穿性 transparency万向节和传动轴 universal joint and drive shaft万向节 universal joint非等速万向节 nonconstant velocity universal joint等速万向节 constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节 near constant velocity universal joint自承式万向节 self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节 non self suporting universal joint回转直径 swing diameter等速平面 constant velocity plane万向节夹角 true joint angle十字轴式万向节 cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉 yoke突缘叉 flange york滑动叉 slip yoke滑动节，伸缩节 slip jointスリップジョイント花键轴叉 slip shaft yoke轴管叉（焊接叉） tube(weld yoke)十字轴 cross(spider)クロス十字轴总成 cross assembly クロスアセンブリ挠性元件总成 flexible universal joint球销式万向节 flexible member assembly双柱槽壳 housing ハウジング球环 ball球头轴 ball head球头钉 button中心球和座 centering ball and seat球笼式万向节 rzeppa universal joint钟形壳 outer race星型套 inner race保持架 cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节 plunging constant velocity joint 筒形壳 cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套 inner race withcylinder ball grooves偏心保持架 non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节 ball spline rzeppa universal joint 外壳 outer housing アウターハウジング内壳体 inner housingインナーハウジング球叉式万向节 weiss universal joint球叉 ball yoke定心钢球 centering ball三球销万向节 tripod universal joint三柱槽壳 housing三销架 spider双联万向节 double cardan universal joint凸块式万向节 tracta universal joint凸块叉 fork yoke榫槽凸块 tongue and groove couplijng凹槽凸块 groove coupling传动轴 drive shaft(propeller shaft)ドライブシャフト传动轴系 drive lineドライブライン传动轴形式 drive shaft typeドライブシャフトタイプ两万向节滑动的传动轴 two -joint inboard slip ddiveshaft 两万向节外侧滑动传动轴 two joint ouboard slip drive shaft 单万向节传动轴 single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴 unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器 drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承 drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件 weld drive shaft tube assembly传动轴特征长度 drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声 resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速 critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡 balance of drive shaft assembly允许滑动量 slipスリップ相位角 phase angle传动轴安全圈 drive shaft safety strap驱动桥 drive axle(driving axle)类型 typeタイプ断开式驱动桥 divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥 rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥 independent suspension drive axle转向驱动桥 steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥 tandem axles“三速”贯通轴 "three-speed" tandem axles单驱动桥 single drive axle多桥驱动 multiaxle drive减速器 reducer主减速器 final drive单级主减速器 single reduction final drive双级主减速器 double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器 front mounted double reduction final drive后置式双级主减速器 rear mounted double reduction final drive上置式双级主减速器 top mounted double reducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器 planetary double reduction final drive贯通式主减速器 thru-drive双速主减速器 two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器 two speed planetary final drive双级双速主减速器 two speed double reduction final drive轮边减速器 wheel reductor(hub reductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器 planetary wheel reductor行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器 differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor) 外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器 spur geared wheel reductor差速器 differential锥齿轮式差速器 bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器 spur gear differential防滑式差速器 limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器 multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器 self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器 automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器 locking differential液压差速器 hydraulic differential轴间差速器 interaxial differential差速器壳 differential carrieer(case)主降速齿轮 final reduction gear驱动轴减速比 axle ratio总减速比 total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比 final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮 double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴 differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮 differential side gear行星齿轮 spider gear(planetary pinion)螺旋锥齿轮 spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮 hypoid gear格里林齿制 gleason tooth奥林康型齿制 oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数 number of teeth in bevel gears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽 face width of tooth in bevel gears and hypoid gears 平面锥齿轮 plane bevel gear奥克托齿形 octoid form平顶锥齿轮 contrate gear齿面接触区 circular tooth contact齿侧间隙 backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴 differential spider差速器锁止机构 differential locking -device差速器锁止系数 differential locking factor差速器壳轴承 carrier bearing桥壳 axle housing整体式桥壳 banjo housing可分式桥壳 trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳 unitized carrier-type axle housing对分式桥壳 split housing冲压焊接桥壳 press-welding axle housing钢管扩张桥壳 expanded tube axle housing锻压焊接桥壳 forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳 cast rigid axle housing半轴 axle shaft全浮式半轴 full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴 semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴 three-quarter floating axle shaft驱动桥最大附着扭矩 slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力 rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比 driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量 drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴 single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴 double joint swig axle离合器クラッチ部件assembly and parts储液罐fluid reservoir传力片steel tape磁粉离合器magnetic-powder clutch从动盘clutch plate クラッチプレート从动盘毂clutch plate hub クラッチプレートハブ从动盘摩擦衬片clutch plate lining单盘离合器single plate clutch电磁离合器electromagnetic clutch多盘离合器multi-plate clutch飞轮flywheel stored energy transmission system飞轮壳flywheel casing分离叉withdrawal fork分离叉回位弹簧operating fork return spring分离叉球头支座operating fork bal -end分离弹簧release spring分离的彻底性cleanliness of disengagement分离杆release lever分离杆调整螺钉release lever adjusting screw分离杆铰销operating lever articulation分离杆支座release lever support分离杆轴release lever axle分离套筒release sleeve分离推杆release rod分离推杆叉push-rod fork分离推杆调整螺钉release rod adjusting screw分离轴承release thrust bearing分离轴承和分离套筒总成release bearing and sleeve assembly 工作缸clutch release slave cylinder工作缸活塞slave cylinder piston工作缸活塞回位弹簧slave cylinder piston return spirng工作缸推杆slave cylinder push rod滑磨功work of slipping减震弹簧damping spring接合平顺性smoothness of pick-up (engagement)类型type离合器clutch离合器操纵机构clutch operation齿轮基本术语(中英文对照)齿轮Toothed gear；Gear齿轮副Gear pair平行轴齿轮副Gear pair with parallel axes相交轴齿轮副Gear pair with intersecting axes 齿轮系Train of gears行星齿轮系Planetary gear train齿轮传动Gear drive；Gear transmission配对齿轮Mating gears小齿轮Pinion大齿轮Wheel；Gear主动齿轮Driving gear从动齿轮Driven gear行星齿轮Planet gear行星架Planet carrier太阳轮Sun gear内齿圈Ring gear；Annulus gear外齿轮External gear内齿轮Internal gear中心距Centre distance轴交角Shaft angle连心线Line of centres减速齿轮副Speed reducing gear pair增速齿轮副Speed increasing gear pair齿数比Gear ratio传动比Transmission ratio轴平面Axial plane基准平面Datum plane节平面Pitch plane端平面Transverse plane法平面Normal plane分度曲面Reference surface节曲面Pitch surface齿顶曲面Tip surface齿根曲面Root surface基本齿廓Basic tooth profile基本齿条Basic rack产形齿条Counterpart rack产形齿轮Generating gear of a gear产形齿面Generating flank基准线Datum line轮齿Gear teeth；Tooth齿槽Tooth space右旋齿Right-hand teeth左旋齿Left-hand teeth变位齿轮Gears with addendum modification；X-gears高度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with reference centre distance 角度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with modified centre distance 高度变位锥齿轮副X-gear pair without shaft angle modification 角度变位圆柱齿轮副X-gear pair with shaft angle modification 变位系数Modification coefficient变位量Addendum modification径向变位系数Addendum modification coefficient中心距变位系数Centre distance modification coefficient圆柱齿轮Cylindrical gear顶圆Tip circle根圆Root circle齿距Pitch齿距角Angular pitch公法线长度Base tangent length分度圆直径Reference diameter节圆直径Pitch diameter基圆直径Base diameter顶圆直径Tip diameter根圆直径Root diameter齿根圆角半径Fillet radius齿高Tooth depth工作高度Working depth齿顶高Addendum齿根高Dedendum弦齿高Chordal height固定弦齿高Constant chord height齿宽Facewidth有效齿宽Effective facewidth端面齿厚Transverse tooth thickness法向齿厚Normal tooth thickness端面基圆齿厚Transverse base thickness法向基圆齿厚Normal base thickness端面弦齿厚Transverse chordal tooth thickness固定弦齿厚Constant chord端面齿顶厚Crest width法向齿顶厚Normal crest width端面齿槽宽Transverse spacewidth法向齿槽宽Normal spacewidth齿厚半角Tooth thickness half angle槽宽半角Spacewidth half angle压力角Pressure angle齿形角Nominal pressure angle圆弧圆柱蜗杆Arc-contact worm；hollow flank worm；ZC-worm直廓环面蜗杆Enveloping worm with straight line grneratrix；TA worm平面蜗杆Planar worm wheel；P-worm wheel平面包络环面蜗杆Planar double enveloping worm；TP-worm平面二次包络蜗杆Planar double-enveloping worm wheel；TP-worm wheel锥面包络环面蜗杆Toroid enveloping worm wheel；TK-worm wheel渐开线包络环面蜗杆Toroid enveloping worm hich involute holicoid generatrix；TI-worm 锥蜗杆Spiroid锥蜗轮Spiroid gear锥蜗杆副Spiroid gear pair中平面Mid-plane长幅内摆线Prolate hypocycloid短幅内摆线Curtate hypocycloid渐开线Involute；Involute to a circle延伸渐开线Prolate involute缩短渐开线Curtate involute球面渐开线Spherical involute渐开螺旋面Involute helicoid阿基米德螺旋面Screw helicoid球面渐开螺旋面Spherical involute helicoid圆环面Toroid圆环面的母圈Generant of the toroit圆环面的中性圈Middle circle of the toroid圆环面的中间平面Middle-plane of the toroid圆环面的内圈Inner circle of the toroid啮合干涉Meshing interference切齿干涉Cutter interference齿廓修型Profile modification；Profile correction修缘Tip relief修根Root relief齿向修形Axial modification；Longitudinal correction齿端修薄End relief鼓形修整Crowning鼓形齿Crowned teeth挖根Undercut瞬时轴Instantaneous axis瞬时接触点Point of contact瞬时接触线Line of contact端面啮合线Transverse path of contact啮合曲面Surface of action啮合平面Plane of action啮合区域Zone of action总作用弧Total arc of transmission端面作用弧Transverse arc of transmission 纵向作用弧Overlap arc总作用角Total angle of transmission端面作用角Transverse angle of transmission 纵向作用角Overlap angle总重合度Total contact ratio端面重合度Transverse ratio纵向重合度Overlap ratio标准齿轮Standard gears非变位齿轮X-gero gear标准中心距Referencr centre distance名义中心距Nominal centre distance分度圆柱面Reference cylinder节圆柱面Pitch cylinder基圆柱面Basic cylinder齿顶圆柱面Tip cylinder齿根圆柱面Root cylinder节点Pitch point节线Pitch line分度圆Reference circle节圆Pitch circle基圆Basic circle定位面Locating face外锥距Outer cone distance内锥距Inner cone distance中点锥距Mean cone distance背锥距Back cone distance安装距Locating distance轮冠距Tip distance；crown to back冠顶距Apex to crown偏置距Offset齿线偏移量Offset of tooth trace分锥角Reference cone angle节锥角Pitch cone angle顶锥角Tip angle根锥角Root angle背锥角Back cone angle齿顶角Addendum angel齿根角Dedendum angle任意点压力角Pressure angle at a point任意点螺旋角Spiral angle at a point中点螺旋角Mean spiral angle大端螺旋角Outer spiral angle小端螺旋角Inner spiral angle蜗杆Worm蜗轮Worm wheel蜗杆副Worm gear pair圆柱蜗杆Cylindrical worm圆柱蜗杆副Cylindrical worm pair环面蜗杆Enveloping worm环面蜗杆副Enveloping worm pair阿基米德蜗杆Straight sided axial worm；ZA-worm 渐开线蜗杆Involute helicoid worm；ZI-worm法向直廓蜗杆Straight sided normal worm；ZN-worm 锥面包络圆柱蜗杆Milled helicoid worm；ZK-worm椭圆齿轮Elliptical gear非圆齿轮副Non-circular gear pair圆柱针轮副Cylindsical lantern pinion and wheel针轮Cylindsical tan tein gear ；pin-wheel谐波齿轮副Harmoric gear drive波发生器Wave generator柔性齿轮Flexspine刚性齿轮Circular spline非圆齿轮Non-circular gear分度圆环面Reference tosoid。

automobile part

汽车配件英语玻璃升降器 WINDOW GLASS LIFTER横拉杆总成 TIE ROD ASSY尾门撑杆 BACK DOOR STAY ASSY机油塞 OIL PRESSURE SENSOR水温塞 WATER TEMPERATURE SENSOR全车锁 DOOR LOCK ASSY化油器修理包 CARBUTOR REPAIR FITTING 直拉杆总成 DRAG LINK ASSY机油泵 OILD PUMP汽油泵 FUEL PUMP节温塞 THERMOSTAT SENSOR大修包 COMPLETE GASKET SET汽缸垫 GASKET水泵 WATER PUMP活塞环 PISTON RING上球头 BALL JOINT-UPPER离合器压板 CLUTCH COVER ASSY横拉杆球头 TIE ROD JOINT付邦呔 IDLER ARM缸套 CYLINDER LINER活塞 PISTON十字接头，万向接头 UNIVERSAL JOINT 下球头 BALL JOINT-LOWER分火线 DISTRIBUTOR时规链条 TIMING CHAIN主邦呔 PITMAN ARM汽门导管 VALVE GUIDE进汽门（口） INLET VALVE（PORT）分火盖 DISTRIBUTOR CAP悬挂臂 FORK ARM刹车总泵 BRAKE MASTER CYLINDER时规修理包 TIMING REPAIR FITTING离合器总泵 CLUTCH MASTER CYLINDER离合器分泵 CLUTCH SLAVE CYLINDER中间横拉杆 CENTER LINK ASSY减震器 ABSORBER链顶 TENSION刹车分泵 BRAKE WHEEL CYLINDER石棉 ASBESTOS传感器 SENSOR避震机顶胶 RUBBER BUSHING电子控制装置 ECU绝热 HEAT ISOLATING时规链挡板 CHAIN GUIDE点火分电器机油滤清器 OIL FILTER导轨 RAIL 四冲程发动机循环 FOUR-STROKE ENGINE CYCLE排汽门（口） EXHAUST VALVE（PORT）燃油箱 FUEL TANK曲轴 CRANKSHAFT压缩 COMPRESS进汽歧管 INTAKE MANIFOLD火花塞 SPARK PLUG摇臂罩 ROCKER ARM COVER连杆 CONNECTING ROD燃烧室 COMBUSTION CHAMBER齿圈 RING GEAR膨胀 EXPANSION飞轮 FLYING WHEEL凸轮轴室 CAMSHAFT HOUSING销 PIN曲轴带轮 CRANKSHAFT PULLEY机体 ENGINE BLOCK汽缸盖 CYLINDER HEAD正时齿轮盖 TIMING COVER凸轮链轮 CAMSHAFT SPROKET辅助驱动轴 ACCESSORY DRIVE SHAFT油底壳 SUMP曲轴箱 CRANK CASE汽门弹簧 VALVE SPRING螺栓 BOLT吸油管 OIL PICKUP PIPE滤网 STRAINER正时带 TIMING BELT衬垫 GASKET垫片 WASHER后主轴承 REAR MAIN BEARING油底壳衬垫雨刷 WIPER BLADE汽门阀座 VALVE SEAT碟式 DISCS鼓式 DRUMS弹簧 SRPING弄 ALLEY巷 LANE凸轮 CAM手动变速 MT无级变速 CVT程序控制燃油喷射 PGM-FI可变气门正时及升程电子控制 VTEC可变正时控制 VTC顶置单凸轮轴 SOHC顶置双凸轮轴 DOHC智能安全带辅助装置 I-SRS 防抱死系统 ABS智能式牵引力控制系统 TCS 电子制动力分配装置 EBD可变气门正时系统 S-VT动态稳定控制系统 DSC手动 MT自动 AT前轮驱动 FWD全时四轮驱动 AWD电控多点燃油喷射发动机 MPI 发动机型式 ENGINE TYPE排量 DISPLACEMENT缸径 CYLINDER BORE 行程 STROKE最大功率 MAX. OUTPUT扭距 TORQUE变速器 TRANSMISSION最高速度 MAS. SPEED油耗 FUEL CONSUMPTION真空助力器 VACUUM BOOSTER动力转向器 POWER STEERING GEAR 前悬架 FRONT SUSPENSION传动轴 DRIVE SHAFT盘式制动器 CALIPER DISC BRAKE 车身 BODY内饰件 INTERIOR TRIM PARTS后悬架 REAR SUSPENSION鼓式制动器 DRUM BRAKE正时齿形带护罩 TIMING TOOTHES BELT SHIELD空调压缩机 A/C COMPRESSOR空调压缩机带轮 MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, A/C COMPRESSOR多楔带 MULTI-WEDGE BELT曲轴带轮 MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, CRANKSHAFT张紧轮 TENSIONER发电机带轮 MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, ALTERNATOR导向轮 GUIDE PULLEY动力转向油泵 POWER STEERING PUMP动力转向泵带轮 MULTI-WEDGE BELT PULLEY, POWER STEERING PUMP发电机 ALTERNATOR进气歧管 INTAKE MANIFOLD 油尺 DIPSTICK燃油分配管 FUEL RAIL 气缸盖罩 CYLINDER HEAD COVER正时齿形带 TIMING TOOTHES BELT凸轮轴正时齿形带轮 TIMING TOOTHED PULLEY, CAMSHAFT水泵齿形带轮 TOOTHED PULLEY, WATER PUMP曲轴正时齿形带动轮 TIMING TOOTHED PULLEY, CARANKSHAFT机油泵链 ROLLER CHAIN, OIL PUMP 机油泵 OIL PUMP曲轴 CRANKSHAFT 气缸体 CYLINDER BLOCK液压挺柱 HYDRAULIC TAPPET 凸轮轴 CAMSHAFT喷油器 FUEL INJECTOR 限压阀 OIL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE 机油盘 OIL PAN凸轮轴油封 CAMSHAFT SEAL 半圆键 WOODRUFF KEY挺柱体 TAPPET BODY 气门锁片 VALVE LOCK SPLIT上气门弹簧座 UPPER VALVE SPRING RETAINER 气门弹簧 VALVE SPRING 气门油封 VALVE SEAL 气门导管 VALVE STEM GUIDE进气门座 INTAKE VALVE SEAT 曲轴链轮 CRANKSHAFT SROCKET主轴承上轴瓦 UPPER BEARING BUSH, MAIN BEARING连杆大头上轴瓦 UPPER BEARING BUSH, BIG END OF CONNECTING ROD连杆小头上轴瓦 BEARING BUSH, SMALL END OF CONNECTING ROD卡环 SNAP RING 正时传动 TIMING DRIVE活塞销 PISTIN PIN第一道气环 TOP COMPRESSION RING 第二道气环 SECOND COMPRESSION RING 油环 OIL CONTROL RING连杆螺栓 CONNECTING ROD BOLT飞轮 FLYWHEEL转速传感器脉冲轮 PULSE WHEEL, SPEED SENSOR连杆大头下轴瓦 LOWER BEARING BUSH, BIG END OF CONNECTING ROD 连杆盖 CONNECTING ROD CAP连杆螺母 CONNECTING ROD NUT止推片 THRUST HALFRING主轴承下轴瓦 LOWER BEARING BUSH, MAIN BEARING简图 SKETCH周围空气 AMBIENT AIR空气滤清器 AIR CLEANER排气歧管 EXHAUST MANIFOLD进气软管 INTAKE HOSE双排气管 TWIN EXHAUST PIPES三元催化净化器 THREE-WAY CATALYTIC CONVERTER中间消声器 MID-MUFFLER主消声器 MAIN MUFFLER隔热软垫 HEAT-INSULATED SWELLING MAT陶瓷催化反应体 CERAMIC CATALYTIC CONVERTER壳体 HOUSING纸质滤芯 PAPRT CARTRIDGE空滤器上壳体 UPPER HOUSING, AIR CLEANER空滤器下壳体 LOWER HOUSING, AIR CLEANER带粗滤器进气管组件 AIR INLET UNIT WITH SIEVE护罩 SHIELD散热器 RADIATOR电动风扇 E;ECTRIC FANS齿形带带轮 TOOTHED BELT PULLEY气缸体水套 WATER JACKET, CYLINDER BLOCK气缸盖水套 WATER JACKET, CYLINDER HEAD发动机水套排气管 BLEEDING HOSE, ENGINE JACKET节气门热水管 HOT WATER PIPE, THROTTLE VALVE膨胀箱管 RESERVIOR CAP冷却液下橡胶软管 LOWER HOSE, RADIATOR OUTLET散热器排气管 BLEEDING HOSE, RADIATOR冷却液上橡胶软管 UPPER HOSE, RADIATOR INLET电动风扇双速热敏敏开关 DUAL-SPEED THERMAL SWITCH, ELECTRIC FAN 水泵总成 WATER PUMP ASSEMBLY水泵叶轮 IMPELLER, WATER PUMP球轴承 BALL BEARINGO形密封圈 O-RING水泵壳体 HOUSING, WATER PUMP圆柱滚子轴承 ROLLER BEARING节温器 THERMOSTAT节温器芯 THERMOSTATIC CORE阀 VALVE阀座 VALVE BASE原理 PRINCIPLE加机油口盖 OILD FILLER CAP凸轮轴轴颈 CAMSHAFT JOURNAL主油道 MAIN OIL GALLERY连杆油道 OIL CIRCUIT, CONNECTING ROD曲轴油道 OIL CIRCUIT, CRANKSHAFT油压开关 OIL PRESSURE SWITCH单向阀 CHECK VALVE旁通安全阀 BYPASS RELIEF VALVE当滤芯堵塞时 IN CASE OF PLUGGING CARTRIDGE溢流阀 OVERFLOW VALVE机油泵链轮 SPROCKET, OIL PUMP曲柄销轴颈 JOURNAL, CRANK PIN曲轴主轴颈 MAIN JOURNAL, CRANKSHAFT活性炭罐电磁阀 CHARCOAL CANISTER-PURGE VALVE带输出驱动级的点火线圈组件 IGNITION TRANSFORMER UNIT WITH OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE 相位传感器 PHASE SENSOR燃油压力调节器 FUEL PRESSURE REGULATOR节气门控制部件 THROTTLE VALVE CONTROL UNIT空气质量计 AIR MASS METER氧传感器 LAMBDA SENSOR冷却液温度传感器 COOLANT TEMPERATURE SENSOR爆震传感器 KNOCK SENSOR发动机转速传感器 ENGINE SPEED SENSOR进气温度传感器 INTAKE AIR TEMPERATURE SENSOR发动机控制单元 ENGINE CONTROL UNIT传感器插头支架 SUPPORTER FOR SENSORS CONNECTORS加燃油口 FILLER回油管 FUEL RETURN PIPE供油管 FUEL FEED PIPE燃油箱油气排放管 PIPE OF EVAPORATIVE EMISSION FROM FUEL TANK喷孔板 ORIFICE PLATE阀座 VALVE SEAT插头 ELECTRIC TERMINALS滤网 STRAINER进油管与阀体组件 INLET TUBE&SEAT CARRIER UNIT电磁线圈 SOLENOID COIL阀针(带衔铁) VALVE NEEDLE WITH SOLENOID ARMATURE回油管嘴 NOZZLE OF RETURN FUEL下盖 LOWER COVER阀球 VALVE BALL上盖 UPPER COVER膜片 DIAPHRAGM油塞 PLUG滤芯 CARTRIDGE滤网 GAUZE磁铁 MAGNET下端盖 LOWER COVER电枢 ARMATURE出油阀 OUTLET CHECK VALVE活性炭罐 CHAROAL CANISTER火花塞 SPARK PLUGS第3缸点火线接头 CONNECTOR OF RESISTIVE CABLE FOR CYLINDER NO.3功率输出驱动级 OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE高压端头 HIGH-VOLTAGE TERMINAL次级线圈 SECONDARY WINDING点火线圈壳体 HOUSING初级线圈 PRIMARY WINDING铁心 LAMINATED IRON CORE混合电路盒 HYBRID-CIRCUIT BOX金属热膜元件 METALLIC HOT-FILM ELEMENT导流格栅 FLOWGUIDE GRILLE节气门定位电位计 POSITIONING POTEMTIOMETER, THROTTLE VALVE 应急运行弹簧 BACK-UP MODE SPRING节气门定位器(电动机) THROTTLE VALVE POSITIONER(MOTOR)节气门电位计 THROTTLE VALVE POTENTIOMETER怠速进出管口 IDLING SPEED SWITCH热水进出管口 HOT-WATER INLET & OUTLET节气门拉索滑轮 BOWDEN CABLE PULLEY FOR THROTTLE VALVE发动机 ENGINE离合器 CLUTCH主传动与差速器 FINAL DRIVE &DIFFERENTIAL等速万向节 CONSTANT VELOCITY UNIVERSAL JOINTS转动轴 DRIVER SHAFT驱动轮(前轮) DRIVING WHEEL(FRONT WHEEL)盘式制动器(前轮) CALIPER DISC BRAKE(FRONT WHEEL)波形片 CUSHIONING PLATE减振弹黄 TORSIONAL DAMPING SPRING阻尼片 FRICTIONAL DAMPING WASHER花键轴套 SPLINED HUB碟形弹簧 DISC SPRING曲轴 CRANKSHAFT限位铆钉 STOP PIN摩擦片 FRICTIONAL LINING压盘 PRESSURE PLATE传动刚带 STEEL STRIP飞轮齿圈 FLYWHEEL RING GEAR变速器输入轴 INPUT SHAFT OF TRANSMISSION离合器分离轴承 CLUTCH RELEASE BEAEING从动盘盖板 RETAINING PLATE OF DISC UNIT离合器膜片弹簧 CLUTCH DIAPHRAGM SPRING离合器盖 CLUTCH COVER支承环 WIRE RING边速器壳体 TRANSMISSION HOUSING分离板 RELEASE LEVER工作缸 RELEASE SLAVE CYLINDER储液罐 FLUID RESERVOIR低压油管 LOW PRESSURE HOSE助力弹簧 AUXILIARY SPRING离合器踏板 CLUTCH PEDAL推杆 PUSH ROD主缸 MASTER CYLINDER高压油管 HIGH PRESSURE PIPE通气塞 AIR BREATHER主动轴（含一/二档齿轮） INPUT SHAFT（WITH 1ST & 2ND SPEED GEARS）滚针轴承 NEEDLE BEARING主动轴四档齿轮 4TH SPEED GEAR，INPUT SHAFT三/四档同步器 3RD/4TH SPEED SYNCHRONIZER主动轴三档齿轮 3RDSPEED GEAR，INPUT SHAFT倒档齿轮组 REVERSE GEARS轴承座壳体 BEARING CARRIER倒档拨叉定位销 POSITIONING DOWEL，REVERSE SHIFT FORK主动轴五档齿轮 5TH SPEED GEAR，INPUT SHAFT五档同步器 5TH SPEED SYNCHRONIZER后盖总成 REAR COVER ASSEMBLY异形磁铁 SPECIAL-SHAPED MAGNET从动轴五档齿轮 5TH SPEED GEAR，OUTPUT SHAFT双列圆锥滚子轴承 DOUBLE-ROW TAPERED ROLLER BEARING从动轴一档齿轮 1ST SPEED GEAR，OUTPUT SHAFT一/二档同步器 1ST/2ND SPEED SYNCHRONIZER从动轴二档齿轮 2ND SPEED GEAR，OUTPUT SHAFT从动轴三档齿轮 3RD SPEED GEAR，OUTPUT SHAFT从动轴（带主动锥齿轮） OUTPUT SHAFT WITH BEVEL PINION从动轴四档齿轮 4TH SPEED GEAR，OUTPUT SHAFT差速器组件（带从动锥齿轮） DIFFERENTIAL UNIT WITH CROWN GEAR差速器盖 DIFFERENTIAL COVER凸缘轴 FLANGED SHAFT车速里程表传动齿轮组 GEAR TRAIN，SPEEDOMETER离合器分离板 RELEASE LEVER，CLUTCH三/四档换档拨叉 3RD/4TH SPEED SHIFT FORK一/二档拨叉轴 1ST/2ND SPEED FORK-AXLE三/四档拨叉轴 3RD/4TH SPEED FORK-AXLE五/倒档拨叉轴 5TH/REV.SPEED FORK-AXLE倒档换档拨叉轴 REVERSE SHIFT FORK五档到档拨叉轴 5TH SPEED SHIFT FORK倒档轴 SHIFT-SELECTION AXLE选档轴 REVERSE SHAFT一/二档换档拨叉 1ST/2ND SPEED SHIFT FORK定位锁销 POSITIONING LOCK PIN大互锁销 BIG INTERLOCK PIN小互锁销 SMALL INTERLOCK PIN倒档惰轮 REVERSE IDLER GEAR主动轴倒档齿轮 REVERSE GEAR,INPUT SHAFT从动轴倒档齿轮 REVERSE GEAR,OUTPUT SHAFT变速器从动轴(带主动锥齿轮) OUTPUT SHAFT(WITH BEVEL PINION),TRANSMISSION 从动锥齿轮 CROWN GEAR差速器侧齿轮 DIFFERENTIAL SIDE GEAR防转螺母 LOCKING NUT行星齿轮轴 AXLE,PLANETARY GEAR行星齿轮 PLANETARY GEAR差速器壳 DIFFERENTIAL CARRIER圆锥滚子轴承 TAPERED ROLLER BEARING凸缘轴螺栓 BOLT,FLANGED SHAFT凸缘轴 FLANGED SHAFT里程表主动齿轮衬套 DRIVING GEAR BUSH,SPEEDOMETER里程表主动齿轮 DRIVING GEAR ,SPEEDOMETER螺栓 BOLT弹性锁销 ELASTIC CURLED PIN球形垫圈 ONE-PIECE SPHERICAL WASHER钟形壳 BELL(OUTER RACE,RF)筒形壳 OUTER RACE(VL)保持架与钢球 CAGE & BALLS (RF)保持架与钢球 CAGE & BALLS (VL)星形套 INNER RACE(RF)星形套 INNER RACE(VL)橡胶护套 RUBBER BOOT(RF)橡胶护套 RUBBER BOOT(VL)盖 CAP(VL)密封垫片 SEAL GASKET前悬架部件 PARTS OF FRONT SUSPENSION制动钳 CALIPER UNIT制动盘 BRAKE DISC摇臂 SWINGING ARM副车架 AUXILIARY FRAME横向稳定杆 TRANSVERSE STABILIZER VELOCITY等速万向节与传动轴 CONSTANT VELOCITY JOINT & DRIVE SHAFT剖视图 SECTIONAL VIEW挡泥板 MUDGUARD前轮轮毂 FRONT WHEEL HUB下弹簧座 LOWER SPRING TRTAINER前悬挂架上支承 UPPER BEARING UNIT， FRONT SUSPENSION缓冲限位块 BUFFERING STOPPER上弹簧座 UPPER SPRING RETAINER前螺旋弹簧 FRONT COIL SPRING前悬架支柱焊接总成(带转向臂) FRONT WELDED SUSPENSION PILLAR ASSEMBLY(WITH STEERING ARM) 前减震器 FRONT SHOCK ABSORBER活塞杆 PISTON ROD活塞杆密封圈 OIL SEAL, PISTON ROD活塞杆导向座 GUIDE BEARING, PISTON ROD衬套 SLEEVE储油筒 OIL RESERVOIR CASING限位器 LIMITING STOPPER缸筒 CYLINDER TUBE限位器支承环 BEARING FLANGE, LIMITING STOPPER复原阀片限位板 DISC RETAINER, REBOUND VALVE复原阀片 REBOUND VALVE DISC节流阀片 THROTTLING VALVE DISC复原阀弹簧 SPRING, REBOUND VALVE螺母 NUT压缩阀组件 COMPRESSION VALVE UNIT橡胶-金属支承座 RUBBER-METAL BEARING SEAT后桥焊接总成 REAR WELDED AXLE ASSEMBLY手制动拉索 PARKING BRAKE CABLE制动鼓 BRAKE DRUM后制动器 REAR DRUM BRAKE后减震器 REAR SHOCK ABSORBER橡胶护套 RUBBER BOOT后螺旋弹簧 REAR COIL SPRING橡胶衬套组件 RUBBER SHACKLE UNIT转向盘 STEERING WHEEL转向轴 STEERING SHAFT转向臂(焊接在前悬架支柱上) STEERING ARM (WELDED AT THE FRONT SUSPENSION PILLAR)吸油管 SUCTION HOSE叶片泵 VANE-TYPE PUMP储油罐 RESERVIOR左横拉杆 LEFT STEERING TIE ROD右横拉杆 RIGHT STEERING TIE TOD转阀 ROTARY SPOOL VALVE防尘罩挡圈 STOP-RING OF BELLOWS波纹防尘罩 BELLOWS夹箍 CLAMP密封座 SEAL HOLDER压块 PRESSING PIECE小齿轮 PINION铭牌 TYPE PLATE齿条 RACK支承衬套 BEARING SLEEVE环 COLLAR齿条油封座 SEAL HOLDER挡环 RETAINING COLLAR阀套 VALVE SLEEVE阀芯 VALVE ROTOR扭杆 TORSION BAR挠性联轴节组件 FLEXIBLE COUPLING UNIT内环 INNER RING橡胶支承圈 RUBBER BEARING COLLAR垫圈 WASHER压簧 COMPRESSION SPRING下转向轴 LOWER STEERING SHAFT减震橡胶套 DAMPING RUBBER BOOT上转向轴 UPPER STERRING SHAFT转向盘组件 STERRING WHEEL UNIT制动灯开关 STOP LAMP SWITCHABS指示灯(位于副仪表上) ABS WARNING INDICATOR(LOCATED AT AUXILIARY FASCIA CONSOLE) 制动警告灯(位于组合仪表上) WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT FOR HANDBRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES(LOCATED AT COMBINATION METER PANEL)左后轮转速传感器 LEFT REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR液压泵电机 ELECTRIC MOTOR, HYDRAULIC PUMPABS液压单元(内置式柱塞泵) ABS HYDRAULIC UNIT (BUILT-IN PLUNGER PUMP)ABS控制单元 ABS CONTROL UNIT右前轮转速传感器 RIGHT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR低压储液器(蓄能器) LOW PRESSURE RESERVIOR (ACCUMULATOR)吸入阀 SUCTION VALVE液压阀 HYDRAULIC PUMP压力阀 PRESSURE VALVE制动主缸 BRAKING MASTER CYLINDER真空助力泵 VACUUM BOOSTER车轮转速传感器与脉冲轮 WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR & PULSE WHEEL后轮制动器底板 BRAKE CARRIER, REAR WHEEL后轮制动鼓 BRAKE DRUM, REAR WHEEL后轮转速传感器脉冲轮 PULSE WHEEL, REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR前轮制动器制动盘 BRAKE DISC, FRONT WHEEL前轮转速传感器脉冲轮 PULSE WHEEL, FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR制动踏板 BRAKE PEDAL电磁线圈管 SOLENOID SPOOL液压泵电动机 ELECTRIC MOTOR, HYDRAULIC PUMP带低压储液器的ABS液压单元 ABS HYDRAULIC UNIT WITH LOW PRESSURE RESERVOIR电磁阀 SOLENOID VALVEABS警告指示灯 ABS WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT制动警告灯 WARNING INDICATOR FOR HANDBRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES左前制动油路接口 LEFT FRONT BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR右后制动油路接口 RIGHT REAR BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR左后制动油路接口 LEFT REAR BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR右前制动油路接口 RUGHT FRONT BRAKING CIRCUIT CONNECTOR制动主缸的随动腔油路接口 SECONDARY CHAMBER CIRCUIT CONNECTOR， MASTER CYLINDER 制动主缸的主动腔油路接口 PRIMARY CHAMBER CIRCUIT CONNECTOR， MASTER CYLINDER 内置式柱塞泵 HYDRAULIC BIULT-IN PLUNGER PUMP电线插口 TERMINALS自诊断接口 SELF-DIAGNOSTIC INTERFACE螺栓 BOLT制动钳支架 CALIPER BRAKE ANCHOR摩擦块 FRICTIONAL PADS活塞防尘罩 DUST SEAL FOR PISTON制动钳壳体 CALIPER HOUSING排气孔座 BLEEDER BASE防尘帽 DUST CAP排气螺丝 BLEEDER浮动式 FLOATING TYPE未作用时 INITIAL POSITION作用时 APPLIED POSITION制动底板 BRAKE CARRIER夹紧 CLAMP PIN内六角螺钉 SOCKET HEAD SCREW后制动轮缸 REAR BRAKE WHEEL CYLINDER拉力弹簧 TENSION SPRING支承销 ANCHOR SPRING制动杆 BRAKE LEVER弹性垫片 SPRING WASHER制动蹄 BRAKE SHOE压缩弹簧 COMPRESSION SPRING弹簧座 SPRING RETAINER下拉力弹簧 LOWER TENSION SPRING压杆 ORESSURE ROD上拉力弹簧 UPPER TENSION SPRING带楔形支座的制动蹄 BRAKE SHOE WITH WEDGE SEAT楔形块 WEDGE BLOCK制动鼓 BRAKE DRUM后轮轴 REAR AXLE主缸缸体 MASTER CYLINDER BODY第二活塞 SECONDARY PISTON垂直定位销 VERTICAL POSITIONING PIN密封圈 SEAL RING水平定位销 HORIZONTAL POSITIONING PIN第一活塞 PRIMARY PISTON前壳体组件 FRONT HOUSING UNIT皮膜 DIAPHRAGM后壳体组件 REAR HOUSING UNIT皮膜托板 DIAPHRAGM PLATE橡胶反作用盘 RUBBER REACTION DISC控制阀体 CONTROL VALVE BODY推杆 PUSH ROD控制阀组件 CONTROL VALVE UNIT阀座 VALVE SEAT控制阀柱塞 PLUNGER， CONTROL VALVE顶杆 PRESSURE ROD顶杆塞 PLUNGER， PRESSURE ROD皮膜回位弹簧 RETURN SPRING， DIAPHRAGM中央阀 CENTRAL VALVE平衡块及夹子 BALANCE WEIGHT & CLIP车轮饰板 DECORATIVE HUB COVER气门嘴 AIR VALVE铝合金轮辋 ALUMINIUM ALLOY WHEEL RIM子午线轮胎 RADIAL-PLY TYRE胎面层 TREAD带束层(尼龙和钢丝各若干层) BELT(NYLON TEXTILE AND STEEL WIRE, EACH FOR SEVERAL PLIES) 气密层 AIRTIGHT LINER钢丝圈 BEAD WIRES车轮螺栓 WHEEL BOLT发动机罩 ENGINE HOOD前柱 FRONT PILLAR中柱 CENTRAL PILLAR顶盖 ROOF PANEL行李箱盖 BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LID后翼子板 REAR FENDER后车门 REAR DOOR前车门 FRONT DOOR地板 FRONT PANEL前翼子板 FRONT FENDER前围 FRONT WALL挡泥板和前纵梁 MUDGUARD & FRONT LOGITUDINAL BEAM装饰性小孔 DECORATIVE BOX线束孔 HARNESS INLET前车门开度限位器 OPENING STOPPER, FRONT DOOR前车门焊接总成 FRONT DOOR SHELL前车门铰链 HINGE, FRONT DOOR后视镜 REAR VISION MIRROR前车门电动摇窗机 ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER, FRONT DOOR内拉手 INTERIOR HANDLE门锁内扳手 INTERIOR HANDLE, DOOR LOCK前车门窗玻璃 WINDOW GLASS, FRONT DOOR门锁锁定按扭 LOCKING KNOB, DOOR LOCK内扶手 INTERIOR ARM REST后车门铰链 HINGE, REAR DOOR后车门开度限位器 OPENING STOPPER, REAR DOOR电动摇窗开关 ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH角度杠杆 ANGULAR LEVER短锁杆 SHORT LOCKING ROD车窗导槽密封条 RUN-CHANNEL SEAL, WINDOW车门头道密封条 DOOR SEAL车窗外侧密封条 WASTLINE SEAL, WINDOW后车门焊接总成 REAR DOOR SHELL后车门三角窗 CORNER WINDOW, REAR DOOW外拉手开启锁 RELEASING PIN, EXTERIOR HANDLE门锁 DOOR LOCK门锁开启拉杆 RELEASING ROD, DOOR LOCK长锁杆 LONG LOCKING ROD后集控门锁电机 CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR, REAR DOOR窗玻璃托槽 SUPPORTING BAR WITH GROOVE, WINDOW GLASS后车门装饰内板 TRIM PANEL, REAR DOOR后车门电动摇窗机 ELECTRIC WINDOW LIFTER, REAR DOOR后三角窗内饰板 TRIM PANEL， REAR CORNER WINDOW后车门扶手 ARM REST， REAR DOOR后车门内饰板 TRIM PANEL， REAR DOOR中柱内饰板 TRIM PANEL， CENTRAL PILLAR安全带 SEAT BELT前车门内饰板 TRIM PANEL， FRONT DOOR前车门扶手 ARM REST， FRONT DOOR前车门内拉手 INTERIOR HANDLE， FRONT DOOR转向盘 STEERING WHEEL前柱内饰板 TRIM PANEL， FRONT PILLAR仪表板 INSTRUMNET PANEL车门摇窗机控制开关组 CONTROL SWITCHES， WINDOW LIFTERS变速杆手球 GEARSHIFT LEVER KNOB前座 FRONT SEAT地毯 FLOOR CARPET后座 REAR SEAT门/窗密封条 WEATHERSTRIP， DOOR/WINDOW通风口 VENTILATION ORIFICE灯光及仪表照明开关 SWITCHES FOR LAMPS & INSTRUMENT PANEL LIGHTTING转向信号灯及前照灯变光拨杆开关 LEVER SWITCH, TURNICATOR & HEADLAMP DIMMER 燃油表及信号灯 FUEL INDICATOR & SIGNAL LIGHT冷却液温度表及信号灯 COOLANT THERMOMETER & SIGNAL LIGHT车速及里程表 SPEEDOMETER发动机转速表 ENGINE TACHOMETER风窗刮水器与清洗器拨杆开关 LEVER SWITCH, WIPER & WASHER, WINDSHIELD收放机 RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER雾灯开关 FOG LAMP SWITCH后风窗电加热器开关 ELECTRIC HEATER SWITCH, REAR WINDSHIELD危险报警灯开关 HAZARD WARNING LAMP SWITCH防盗器指示灯 IMMOBILISER INDICATOR LIGHTABS指示灯 ABS INDICATOR LIGHT通风口 VENTILATION ORIFICE除霜风口 DEFROSTING VENTILATION ORIFICE杂物箱 GLOVE BOX除霜风门控制键 CONTROL KEY, DEFROSTING DAMPER通风方向控制键 CONTROL KEY, VENTILATING DIRECTION VALVE温度调节控制键 CONTROL KEY, TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT空调开关及风量旋钮 A/C SWITCH & BLOWING RATE BUTTOM数字时钟 DIGITAL CLOCK喇叭按钮 HORN BUTTON小杂物箱 SMALL GLOVE BOX头枕 HEAD REST座椅靠背 SEAT-BACK靠背骨架 FRAME，SEAT-BACK安全带 SEAT BELT靠背角度调节旋钮 ADJUSTING HANDLE，SEAT-BACK RAKE安全带锁扣 BUCKLE，SEAT BELT坐垫 SEAT CUSHION坐垫支左 CARRIER，SEAT CUSHION座椅前后位置调节机构 ADJUSTING MECHANISM，LONGITUDINAL POSITION OFSEAT座椅前后位置调节手柄 ADJUSTING HANDLE，LONGITUDINAL POSITION OFSEAT雾灯开关 FOG LAMP转向灯 TURN SIGNAL LAMP组合前照灯 COMBINATION HEADLAMP散热器风扇 RADIATOR FAN双音喇叭 BITONE HORN空调压缩机 A/C COMPRESSOR交流电发电机 ALTERNATOR空调储液干燥器 A/C RECEIVER-DRIER蓄电池 BATTERYABS 控制单元与液压单元总成 ABS ASSEMBLY COMPOSED OF CONTROL UNIT & HYDRAULIC UNIT起动机 STARTER带输出驱动级的双火花点火线圈组件 DOUBLE-SPARK IGNITION TRANSFORMER UNIT WITH OUTPUT DRIVER STAGE风窗清洗也电动泵 ELECTRIC PUMP，WINDSHIELD WASHER冷却液液位传感器 COOLANT LEVEL SENSORMOTRONIC 发动机控制单元 MOTRONIC ENGINE CONTROL UNIT空调、暖风用鼓风机 BLOWER，A/C & HEATING SYSTEN制动液液位传感器 BRAKE FLUID LEVEL SENSOR风窗刮水器电机 ELECTRIC MOEOTR，WINDSHIED WIPER暖风与空调控制器 CONTROLLER，HEATING & A/C DEVICES中央接线盒 CENTRAL CABLE CONNECTOR自动升降天线 AUTO ELEVAING ANTENNA扬声器 LOUDSPEAKER组合仪表 COMBINATION METER收放机 RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER内顶灯 INTERIOR DOME LAMP阅读灯 READING LAMP车轮转速传感器 WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR前摇窗机电机 ELECTRIC MOTOR，FRONT WINDOW LIFTER外后视镜电动调节开关 ELECTRIC ADJUSTING KNOB，EXTERIOR REAR VISION MIRROR集控锁控制器 CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK CONTROLLER车门接触开关 CONTACT SWITCH，DOOR后摇窗机电机 ELECTRIC MOTOR，REAR WINDOW LIFTER摇窗机开关 WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH燃油泵 FUEL PUMP燃油箱油面传感器 FUEL LEVELSENSOR，FUEL TANK后门集控锁电机 CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR, REAR DOOR组合后灯 COMBINATION TAIL LAMP后风窗电加热器 ELECTRIC HEATER, REAR WINDSHIELD防盗器控制单元 IMMOBILISER CONTROL UNIT带轮 PULLEY轴 SHAFT轴承 BEARING电刷 BRUSH后罩盖 REAR COVER调节器组件 REGULATOR UNIT集流环 COLLECTING RING后端盖 REAR HOUSING转子 ROTOR定子 STATOR前端盖 FRONT HOUSING风扇 FAN拨叉 SHIFT LEVER电磁开关组件 SOLENOID SWITCH UNIT电枢 ARMATURE壳体 HOUSING超越离合器 FREEWHEELING CLUTCH后盖 REAR COVER线路板 PLATED CIRCUITS导光板 PHOTOCONDUCT PLATE冷却液不足警示指示灯 WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT，COOLANT UNDER-CAPACITY后风窗电加热器指示灯 INDICATOR LIGHT，ELECTRIC HEATER，REAR WINDSHIELD前照灯指示灯 INDICATOR LIGHT，HEADLAMP充电不足指示灯 WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT，INADEQUATE CHARGING机油压力警告指示灯 WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT，OIL PRESSURE制动系统故障及驻车制动指示灯 WARNING INDICATOR LIGHT，PARKING BRAKE & BRAKING SYSTEM TROUBLES数字时钟调整钮 SETTING KNOB FOR DIGITAL CLOCK透明护板 VISOR仪表框 FRAME“D”管“D”HOSE消声器 SILENCERS“S”管“S”HOSE蒸发箱 EVAPORATOR进风罩 SUCTION CANAL暖风装置的热交换器 HEAT EXCHANGER“L”管“L”HOSE储液干燥器 RECEIVER-DRIER“C”管“C” PIPE冷凝器 CONDENSER蒸发器 EVAPORATOR进风罩过滤网 FILTER NET，SUCTION CANAL进风风门 AIR INLET DAMPER真空阀 VACUUM VALVE进风罩 SUCTION CANAL鼓风机 BLOWER空气分布箱 AIR DISTRIBUTOR暖风阀 HEATING VALVE足部出风风门 FOOTWELL DAMPER操纵装置 CONTROL DEVICE空调开关 A/C SWITCH风量旋钮 BLOWING RATE BUTTON通风方向控制键 CONTROL KEY，VENTILATING DIRECTION VALVE 温度调节控制键 CONTROL KEY，TEMPERATURE ADJUSTMENT除箱风门控制键 CONTROL KEY，DEFORSTING DAMPER除箱风门 DEFORSTING DAMPER仪表板出风口 AIRFLOW OUTLET，INSTRUMENT PANEL加热器芯 HEATER CORE出水口 WATER INLET进水口 WATER OUTLET制冷剂出口 REFRIGERANT OUTLET制冷剂进口 REFRIGERANT INLET膨胀阀 EXPANSION VALVE蒸发器芯 EVAPORATOR CORE温控器 THERMOSTAT进风罩滤网 SUCTION CANAL FILTER进风罩 SUCTION CANAL车厢温度开关 CABIN TEMPERATURE SWITCH输液管 TRANSFER TUBE弹簧 SPRING多孔盖板 CAP PLATE WITH HOLES罐体 BODY杯壳（底多孔） CUPPED SHELL WITH HOLES AT BOTTOM干燥剂 DRIER连接管 CONNECTING TUBE过滤布 FILTER CLOTH胶垫 RUBBER MAT滤网 STRAINER SCREEN制冷剂充注阀 CHARGING VALVE FOR REFRIGERANT高低压力开关 LOW & HIGH PRESSURE SWITCH出口 OUTLET观察窗 SIGHT GLASS易熔塞 FUSIBLE PLUG进口 INLET支架 HOLDER推力轴承 THRUST BEARING斜盘 WOBBLE PLATE注油塞 OIL FILL PLUG连杆 CONNECTING ROD进出接口 INLET & OUTLET CONNECTORS头盖 HEAD HOUSING阀片限位板 VALVE RETAINER排气阀片 DISPLACING VALVE阀板 VALVE PLATE吸气阀片 SUCTION VALVE活塞 PISTON固定锥齿轮 FIXED BEVEL GEAR带锥齿轮的行星盘 PLANET PLATE WITH A BEVEL GEAR密封圈 SEAL RING线圈 COIL多楔带带轮 MULTI -WEDGE BELT PULLEY电磁离合器 ELECTROMAGNETIC CLUTCH吸盘 ARMATURE PLATE前照灯反射镜 REFLECTOR，HEADLAMP驻车灯灯泡 BULB，PARKING LAMP（12V，60/55W）调光螺铨 ADJUSTING BOLT遮光罩 LIGHT SHIELD前转向灯灯泡 BULB，FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP（12V，21W）前转向灯配光镜 LENS，FRONT TURN SIGNAL LAMP前照灯配光镜 LENS，HEADLAMP后转向灯 REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP后转向灯配光镜 LENS，REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP后转向灯灯泡 BULB，REAR TURN SIGNAL LAMP制动/尾灯灯泡 BULB，STOP/TAIL LAMP（12V，21/5W）倒车灯灯泡 BACK-UP LAMP（12V，21W）后雾灯灯泡 BULB，REAR FOG LAMP（12V，55W）后雾灯 REAR FOG LAMP制动/尾灯 STOP/TAIL LAMP雾灯反射镜 REFLECTOR，FOG LAMP雾灯配光镜 LENS，FOG LAMP雾灯灯泡 BULB，FOG LAMP（12V，55W）转向灯开关与前照灯变光开关的操作手柄 OPERATING HAND LEVER，TURN SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH & HEADLAMP DIMMER SWITCH转向灯开关组件 TURN SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH UNIT刮水、清洗、变光开关组件 WIPING，WASHING & DIMMING SWITCH UNIT组合开关座体 BODY，COMBINATION SWITCH点火与起动开关 IGNITION & STARING SWITCH锁舌 LOCKING DOG点火、起动、转向轴锁的锁芯 LOCK CORE FOR IGNITING，STARING & STEERING SHAFT LOCKING 刮水器与清洗器开关的操作手柄 OPERATING HAND LEVER，WIPER & WASHER SWITCH支销 FULCRUM PIN转向定位销 TURN POSITIONER刮水速度档位定位销 POSITIONER FOR WIPING SPEED STAGE脉冲转发器 TRANSPONDER汽车钥匙 CAR KEY识读线圈 READER COIL接插件 CONNECTOR制动灯 STOP LAMP点烟器、集控门锁、数字钟、内顶灯、后阅读灯、行李箱灯遮阳板灯 CIGAR LIGHTER，CENTRAL LOCK，DIGITAL CLOCK，INTERIOR DOME LAMP，REAR READING LAMP，BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LAMP，SUN VISOR LAMP 危险报警灯 HAZARD WARNING LAMP左尾灯、左前驻车灯 LEFT TAIL LAMP，LEFT FRONT PARKING LAMP右尾灯、右前驻车灯、发动机舱照明灯 RIGHT TAIL LAMP，RIGHT FRONT PARKING LAMP，ENGINE CONPARTMENT LAMP前雾灯 FRONT FOG LAMP散热风扇 RADIATOR FAN危险报警器 HAZARD WARNING LAMP右前照灯（远光） RIGHT HEADLAMP (MAIN BEAM)左前照灯（远光） LEAF HEADLAMP(MAIN BEAM)前风窗刮水器、清洁器 WIPER& WASHER ,FRONT WINDSHIELD电动摇窗开关 ABS控制单元 WINDOW LIFTERS,ABS CONTROLUNIT后风窗除霜器（即电加热器） DEFROSTER (I.E. ELECTRIC HEATER),REAR WINDSHIELD空调继热器 A/C RELAY倒车灯、车速传感器 BACK-UP LAMPS,SPEED SENSOR喇叭 HORN喇叭继电器、灯光开关、ABS指示灯 HORN RELAY,LIGHTS SWITCH,ABS INDICATOR LIGHT收放机、转向灯、防盗器控制单元 RADIO CASSETTE PLAYER,TURN SIGNAL LAMP,IMMOBILISER CONTROL UNIT牌照灯、杂物箱照明灯 LICENSE LAMP,GLOVE BOX LAMP左前照灯（近光） LIFT HEADLAMP(LOWER BEAM)右前照灯（近光） RIGHT HEADLAMP(LOWER BEAM)喷油器、空气质量计、活性炭罐电磁阀、氧传感器加热器 INJECTORS,AIR MASS METER,CHARCOAL CANISTER-PURGE VALVE,LAMBDA SENSOR HEATER后雾灯 REAR FOG LAMP电动摇窗机热保护器 OVER-TEMPERATURE PROTECTIOM SYSTEM,WINDOW LIFTERS空调鼓风机电动机 A/C BLOWER MOTOR电动后视镜 ELECTRIC EXTERIOR REAR VISION MIRRORSABS液压泵 ABS HYDRAULIC PUMPABS电磁阀 ABS SOLENOID VALVES空位 VACANCY燃油泵继电器（顶端识别号位167） FUEL PUMP RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 167)冷却液液位继电器（顶端识别号为42a) COOLANT LEBEL RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE IS 42a)空调继电器（顶端识别号为13） A/C RELAY （THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 13）喇叭继电器（顶端识别号为53） HORN RELAY(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 53)雾灯继电器（顶端识别号为15） FOG LAMP TELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 15)X-接触继电器（顶端识别号为18） X-CONTACT RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 18)放熔断丝装卸工具的孔 SEAT FOR MOUNTING TOOL OF FUSES刮水器继电器（顶端识别号为19） WIPER RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS19)转向灯继电器（顶端识别号为21） TURN SIGNAL LAMP RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 21) 诊断线接口 DIAGNOSTIC CABLE INTERFACE摇窗机自动下降继电器（顶端识别号为ZBC 959 753 A） RELAY FOR WINDOW LIFTERSONAUTO-DESCENDING(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 为ZBC 959 753 A)摇窗机延时继电器（顶端识别号为ZBC 959 753） TIME-LAG RELAY, WINDOW LIFTERS(THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS ZBC 959 753）内顶灯延时继电器（顶端识别号为ZBC 955 531） TIME-LAG RELAY,INTERIOR DOME LAMP (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS ZBC 959 753压缩机切断继电器（顶端识别号为147） A/C COMPRESSOR CUT-OFF RELAY (THE DISCERNING FIGURE AT TOP IS 147 )仪表板线束 I HARNESS I FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL仪表板线束 II HARNESS II FOR INSTRUMENT PANEL前照灯线束 HARNESS FOR HEADLAMP发动机舱线束 HARNESS FOR ENGINE COMPARTMENT车身后部线束 HARNESS FOR REAR PART OF BODY连接单个插头 FOR SINGLE PLUG空调线束 HARNESS FOR A/C喇叭继电器线束 HARNESS FOR HORN RELAY单个插座 FOR SINGLE PLUG蓄电池 BATTERY交流发电机 ALTERNATOR油压开关(180千帕) OIL PRESSURE SWITCH (180KPa)散热器风扇热敏开关 THERMAI SWITCH,RADIATOR FAN油压开关(25千帕) OIL PRESSURE SWITCH (25Pa )储液干燥器压力开关 PRESSURE SWITCH ,RECEIVER-DRIER空调水温控制开关 A/C WATER TEMPERATURE CONTROL SWITCH冷却液温度表传感器 COOLANT THERMOMETER SENSOR车速传感器 ROAD SPEED SENSOR发动机转速传感器 ENGINE SPEED SENSOR右后轮转速传感器 RIGHT REAR WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR右前轮转速传感器 RIGHT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR左前轮转速传感器 LEFT FRONT WHEEL-SPEED SENSOR第1、2缸爆震传感器 KNOCK SENSOR FOR 1SD & 2ND CYLINDERS第3、4缸爆震传感器 KNOCK SENSOR FOR 3RD& 4TH CYLINDERSABS控制单元 ABS CONTROL UNIT散热风扇控制器 RADIATOR FAN MODULE节气门控制部件 THROTTLE VALVE CONTROL UNIT左前照灯 LEFT HEADLAMP右前照灯 RIGHT HEADLAMP左前雾灯 LEFT FRONT FOG LAMP右前雾灯 RIGHT FRONT FOG LAMP左驻车灯 LEFT PARKING LAMP右驻车灯 RIGHT PARKING LAMP左前转向灯 LEFT FRONT TURE SIGNAL LAMP右前转向灯 RIGHT FRONT TURE SIGNAL LAMP发动机舱照明灯 ENGINE COMPARTMENT LAMP第1缸喷油器 FUEL INJECTOR,1ST CYLINDER第2缸喷油器 FUEL INJECTOR,2ND CYLINDER第3缸喷油器 FUEL INJECTOR ,3RD CYLINDER第4缸喷油器 FUEL INJECTOR ,4TH CYLINDER前风窗清水泵 WASHER PUMP, FRONT WINDSHIDLD左散热风器 LEFT RADIATOR FAN右散热风器 RIGHT TADIATOR FAN点火开关 IGNITION SWITCH转向灯开关 TURE SIGNAL LAMP SWITCH危险报警灯开关 HAZARD WARNING LAMP SWITCH变光开关 DIMMER SWITCH风量开关 BLOWING RATE SWITCH后风窗除霜器开关 DEFROSTER SWITCH ,REAR WINDSHIELD前风窗清洗泵开关 WASHER PUMP SWITCH ,FRONT WINDSHIELD前风窗刮水器开关 WIPER SWITCH ,FRONT WINDSHIELD空调开关 A/C SWITCH冷量开关 REFRIGERATING CAPACITY SWITCH制动灯开关 STOP LAMP SWITCH倒车灯开关 BACK-UP LAMP SWITCH驻车制动指示灯开关 INDICATOR LIGHT SWITCH ,PARKING BRAKE杂物箱照明接触开关 CONTACT SWITCH ,GLOVE-BOX LAMP危险报警灯指示灯 HARZARD WARNING INDICATOR LIGHTABC指示灯 ABC INDICATOR LIGHT防盗器指示灯 IMMOBILISER INDICATOR LIGHT杂物照明灯 GLOVE- BOX LAMP空调控制面板照明灯 ILLUMINATING LIGHT A/C CONTROL PANEL鼓风机减速电阻 DECELERATING RESISTANCE,BLOWER进风门电磁阀 ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE,AIR INLET DAMPER左前扬声器 LEFT FRONT LOUDSPEAKER右前扬声器 RIGHT FRONT LOUDSPEAKERR左后扬声器 LEFT REAR LOUDSPEAKER右后扬声器 RIGHT REAR LOUDSPEAKER点烟器 CIGAR LIGHTER前风窗刮水器电机 WIPER MOTOR ,FRONT WINDSHIELD鼓风机 BLOWER后门摇窗机可锁定安全开关 LOCKABLE SAFETY SWITCH ,REAR WINDOW LIFRERS左前摇窗机开关 LEFT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH右前摇窗机开关 RIGHT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH电动后视镜调节开关 ADJUSTING SWITCH,ELECTRIC REAR VISION MIRROR左后摇窗机开关 LEFT REAR WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH左后门上摇窗机开关 WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH AT LEFT REAR DOOR右后摇窗机开关 RIGHT REAR WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH右后门上摇窗机开关 WINDOW LIFTER SWITCH AT RIGHT REAR DOOR左前门上内顶灯接触开关 CONTRACT SWITCH ,INTERIOR DOME LAMP, LEFT FRONT DOOR 右前门上内顶灯接触开关 CONTRACT SWITCH ,INTERIOR DOME LAMP, RIGHT FRONT DOOR 行李箱照明灯接触开关 CONTRACT SWITCH ,BAGGAGE COMPARTMENT LAMP左后阅读灯接触开关 CONTRACT SWITCH ,LEFT REAR READING LAMP右后阅读灯接触开关 CONTRACT SWITCH ,RIGHT REAR READING LAMP燃油表传感器 FUEL INDICATOR SENSOR燃油泵 FUEL PUMP集控门锁控制器 CONTROLLER,CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK左前摇窗机电机 LEFT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右前摇窗机电机 RIGHT FRONT WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR左后摇窗机电机 LEFT REAR WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右后摇窗机电机 RIGHT REAR WINDOW LIFTER MOTOR右前集倥锁电机 RIGHT FRONT CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR左后集倥锁电机 LEFT REAR CENTRALIZED CONTROL LOCK MOTOR。

汽车英语词汇

(变速比) 液力变矩器旁通阀converter bypass valve速控阀governor valve选档阀selectro valve换档阀shift valve信号阀signal valve继动阀relay valve换档指令发生器shift pattern generator档位指示器shift indicator(shift torwer)先导阀priority valve流量阀flow valve重迭阀overlap valve液力减速器控制阀retarder control valve液力起步fluid start零速起动stall start液力变矩器锁止converter lockup全液压自动换档系统hydraulic automatic controlsystem电液式自动换档系统electronic -hydraulicautomatiec换档shift升档upshift降档downshift动力换档power shfit单向离合器换档freewheel shfit人工换档manual shfit自动换档automaitc shfit抑制换档inhibited shift超限换档overrun shift强制换档forced shift换档点shift point叶片转位blade angle shift换档滞后shift hysteresis换档循环shift schedule换档规律process of power shift动力换档过程timing换档定时property of automatic shift换档品质property of automatic shft换档元件engaging element换档机构gearshift操纵杆control lever变速杆stick shift(gear shift lever)(副变速器)变速杆range selector变速叉shifting fork (gear shiftfork)分动箱控制杆transfer gear shift fork变速踏板gear shift pedal变速轨(拨叉道轨)shift rail直接变速direct change(directcontrol)方向盘式变速column shift (handlechange)按钮控制finger-tip control槽导变速gate change空档位置neutral position直接驱动direct drive高速档top gear(high gear)低速档bottom gear(low speedgear)第一档first gear第二档second gear超速档overdirve gear经济档economic gear倒档reverse gear爬行档creeper gear驱动特性drive performance反拖特性coast performance定输入扭矩特性constant input torqueperformance全油门特性full throttle performance寄生损失特性no load (parasiticlosses)performance原始特性primary characteristic响应特性response characteristic吸收特性absorption characteristic全特性total external characteristic输入特性characteristic of enhance输出特性characteristic of exit力矩特性torque factor(coefficient ofmoment)过载系数overloading ratio变矩系数torque ratio能容系数capacity factorr几何相似geometry similarity运动相似kinematic similarity动力相似dynamic similarity透穿性transparency万向节和传动轴universal joint and drive shaft万向节universal joint非等速万向节nonconstant velocity universal joint等速万向节constant velocity universal joint准等速万向节near constant velocity universal joint自承式万向节self-supporting universal joint非自承式万各节non self suporting universal joint回转直径swing diameter等速平面constant velocity plane万向节夹角true joint angle十字轴式万向节cardan (hookes)universal joint万向节叉yoke突缘叉flange york滑动叉slip yoke滑动节,伸缩节slip joint花键轴叉slip shaft yoke轴管叉(焊接叉)tube(weld yoke)十字轴cross(spider)十字轴总成cross assembly 挠性元件总成flexible universal joint球销式万向节flexible member assembly双柱槽壳housing球环ball球头轴ball head球头钉button中心球和座centering ball and seat球笼式万向节rzeppa universal joint钟形壳outer race星型套inner race保持架cage可轴向移动的球笼式万向节plunging constant velocityjoint筒形壳cylinder outer race柱形滚道星形套inner race withcylinder ballgrooves偏心保持架non-concentric cage滚动花键球笼式万向节ball spline rzeppauniversal joint外壳outer housing内壳体inner housing球叉式万向节weiss universal joint球叉ball yoke定心钢球centering ball三球销万向节tripod universal joint三柱槽壳housing三销架spider双联万向节double cardan universaljoint凸块式万向节tracta universal joint凸块叉fork yoke榫槽凸块tongue and groovecouplijng凹槽凸块groove coupling传动轴drive shaft(propeller shaft)传动轴系drive line传动轴形式drive shaft type两万向节滑动的传动轴two -joint inboard slipddiveshaft两万向节外侧滑动传动轴two joint ouboard slip driveshaft单万向节传动轴single joint coupling shaft组合式传动轴unitized drive shaft传动轴减振器drive shaft absorber传动轴中间轴承drive shaft center bearing传动轴管焊接合件weld drive shaft tubeassembly传动轴特征长度drive shaft length传动轴谐振噪声resonant noise of rive shaft传动轴的临界转速critical speed of drive shaft传动轴总成的平衡balance of drive shaftassembly允许滑动量slip相位角phase angle传动轴安全圈drive shaft safety strap驱动桥drive axle(driving axle)类型type断开式驱动桥divided axle非独立悬架式驱动桥rigid dirve axle独立悬架式驱动桥independent suspensiondrive axle转向驱动桥steering drive axle贯通式驱动桥tandem axles"三速"贯通轴"three-speed" tandemaxles单驱动桥single drive axle多桥驱动multiaxle drive减速器reducer主减速器final drive单级主减速器single reduction final drive双级主减速器double reduction final drive前置式双级主减速器front mounted doublereduction final drive后置式双级主减速器rear mounted doublereduction final drive上置式双级主减速器top mounted doublereducton final drive行星齿轮式双级主减速器planetary double reductionfinal drive贯通式主减速器thru-drive双速主减速器two speed final drive行星齿轮式双速主减速器two speed planetary finaldrive双级双速主减速器two speed doublereduction final drive轮边减速器wheel reductor(hubreductro)行星圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器planetary wheel reductor 行星锥齿轮式轮边减速器differential geared wheel reductor(bevelepicyclick hub reductor)外啮合圆柱齿轮式轮边减速器spur geared wheel reductor差速器differential锥齿轮式差速器bevel gear differential圆柱齿轮式差速器spur gear differential防滑式差速器limited -slip differential磨擦片式自锁差速器multi-disc self -locking differential凸轮滑滑块自锁差速器self-locking differential with side ring and radial cam plate自动离合式自锁差速器automotive positive locking differential强制锁止式差速器locking differential液压差速器hydraulic differential轴间差速器interaxial differential差速器壳differential carrieer(case) 主降速齿轮final reduction gear驱动轴减速比axle ratio总减速比total reduction ratio主降速齿轮减速比final reduction gear ratio双减速齿轮double reduction gear差速器主齿轮轴differential pinion-shaft差速器侧齿轮differential side gear 行星齿轮spider gear(planetarypinion)螺旋锥齿轮spiral bevel gear双曲面齿轮hypoid gear格里林齿制gleason tooth奥林康型齿制oerlikon tooth锥齿轮齿数number of teeth in bevelgears and hypoid gears锥齿轮齿宽face width of tooth in bevelgears and hypoid gears平面锥齿轮plane bevel gear奥克托齿形octoid form平顶锥齿轮contrate gear齿面接触区circular tooth contact齿侧间隙backlash in circular tooth差速器十字轴differential spider差速器锁止机构differential locking -device差速器锁止系数differential locking factor差速器壳轴承carrier bearing桥壳axle housing整体式桥壳banjo housing可分式桥壳trumpet-type axle housing组合式桥壳unitized carrier-type axlehousing对分式桥壳split housing冲压焊接桥壳press-welding axlehousing钢管扩张桥壳expanded tube axlehousing锻压焊接桥壳forge welding axle housing整体铸造式桥壳cast rigid axle housing半轴axle shaft全浮式半轴full-floating axle shaft半浮式半轴semi-floating axle shaft四分之三浮式半轴three-quarter floating axleshaft驱动桥最大附着扭矩slip torque驱动桥额定桥荷能力rating axle capactiy驱动桥减速比driveaxle ratio驱动桥质量drive axle mass单铰接式摆动轴single-joint swing axle双铰接式摆动轴double joint swig axle悬架系suspension system悬架suspension类型type非独立悬架rigid axle suspension独立悬架independent suspension平衡悬架equalizing type ofsuspension组合式悬架combination suspension可变刚度悬架variable rate suspension纵置板簧式parallel leaf spring type上置板簧式over slung type下置板簧式under slung type双横臂式double with-bone arm type横置板簧式transversal leaf spring type双纵臂式double trailing arm type单横臂式single transverse arm type双横臂式double -wishbone type单横臂式singe trailing arm type双纵臂式double-trailing arm type单斜臂式single oblique arm tyep四连杆式four link type扭矩套管式torque tube drive type第迪安式De Dion type烛式sliding pillar type麦弗逊式MacPherson type金属弹簧式metal spring type空气弹簧式air spring type油气弹簧式hydro-pneumatic springtype橡胶液体弹簧式hydro-rubber spring type橡胶弹簧式rubber spring type液体弹簧式hydraulic spring type三点悬架three-point suspension四点悬架four-point suspension部件assembly and parts悬架臂suspension arm上悬架臂upper suspension arm控制臂control arm上控制臂upper control arm下控制臂lower control arm纵臂trailing arm横臂transverse arm斜臂oblique arm支撑梁support beam横向推力杆lateral rod纵向推力杆longitudinal rod拉杆tension rod压杆strut bar支撑杆strut bar扭矩套管torque tube变截面弹簧tapered spring钢板弹簧leaf spring(laminated spring)副钢板弹簧auxiliary spring非对称钢板弹簧unsymmetrical leaf spring 单片式钢板弹簧single leaf spring多片式钢板弹簧muotileaved spring纵向钢板弹簧longitudinal leaf spring螺旋弹簧coil spring (helicalspring) 空气弹簧air spring囊式空气弹簧bellow type air spring膜式空气弹簧diaphragm typeair spring 橡胶弹簧rubber spring type液体弹簧hydraulic spring油气弹簧hydro-pneumatic spring type单气室油气弹簧single chamber hydragas spring 双气室油气弹簧double chamber hydragasspring液体弹簧hydraulic spring底盘弹簧chassis spring四分之一椭圆形弹簧quarter elliptic spring半椭圆形弹簧half-ellipticspring(semi-elliptic spring)四分之三椭圆形弹簧three quarter elliptic spring全椭圆形弹簧full elliptic spring悬臂弹簧cantilever spring簧上质量sprung weight簧下质量unsprung weight垫上弹簧载荷量spring capacity at pad地面弹簧载荷量spring capacity at ground弹簧静挠度spring static deflection弹簧跳动间隙bump clearance of spring弹簧中心距distance between springcenters减振器shock absorber筒式减振器telescopic shock absorber油压缓冲器hydraulic buffer负荷调平式减振器load -levelling shockabsorber液压减振器dydraulic shock absorber可调减振器adjustable shock absorber摇臂式减振器lever type shock absorber磨擦式减振器frictional shock absorber充气减振器gas-filled shock absorber动力减振器dynamic shock absorber减振器卸荷阀shock absorber relief valve减振器进油阀shock absorber intakevalve减振器示功图damper indicator diagram减振器液damper fluid横向稳定器stabilizer anti-roll bar滑动座sliding seat滑板sliding plate弹簧架spring bracket弹簧主片spring leaf钢板弹簧吊耳leaf spring shackle钢板弹簧衬套leaf spring bushing钢板弹簧销leaf spring pin弹簧卷耳spring eyeU型螺栓U bolt钢板弹簧中心螺栓leaf spring center bolt橡胶衬套rubber bushing缓冲块buffer stopper限位块limiting stopper平衡轴trunnion shaft平衡轴支座trunnion base臂轴arm shaft平横臂equalizer螺纹衬套screw bushing(车身)高度阀levelling valve车架auxiliary tank整体车架unitized frame上弯式梁架upswept frame (kick upframe)短型车架stub frame发动机支架engine mounting半径杆radius rod平衡杆stabilizer bar制动反应杆brake reaction rod分开式车身和车架separated body and frame车轮wheel车轮尺寸名称wheelsize designation车轮类型wheel type单式车轮single wheel双式车轮dual wheel整体轮毂式车轮wheel with integral hub组装轮辋式车轮demountable rim wheel对开式车轮divided wheel可调车轮adustable wheel辐板式车轮disc wheel可反装式车轮reversible wheel辐条式车轮wire wheel安装面attachment face安装面直径attachment face diameter双轮中心距dual spacing半双轮中心距half dual spacing轮缘flange固定轮缘fixed flange轮缘规格代号flange size disignation轮缘高度flange height轮缘半径flange radius轮级端部半径flange edge radius轮级宽度flange width内轴承座肩inner bearing cup shoulder 内移距inset横向跳动lateral run-out外移距outset径向跳动radius run-out轮辋rim轮辋尺寸名称rim size disignation轮辋宽度rim width标定轮辋宽度specified rim width轮辋直径rim diameter标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter轮辋类型rim types整体式(深槽式)one-piece(drop -center DC)半深槽式semi-drop center (SDC)二件式two-piece三件式three-piece四件式four-piece轮毂座hub seat五件式five-piece轮辋轮廓类型rim contour classification深槽轮辋drop center rim(DC)深槽宽轮辋wide drop centerrim(WDC)半深槽轮辋semi-drop center rim(SDC)平底轮辋flat base rim平底宽轮辋wide flat base rim (WFB)全斜底轮辋full tapered bead seat rim(TB)可拆卸轮辋demountable rim wheel对开式轮辋divided rim(DT)轮辋基体rim base轮辋基体偏移距rim base offset轮辋偏移距rim bevel distance气门嘴孔valve hole气门嘴孔的位置rim hole location锁圈槽gutter锁圈槽沟gutter groove锁圈槽顶gutter tip隔圈spaceband隔圈宽度spacerband width标定轮辋直径specified rim diameter标定轮辋宽度specified rim width花键spline弹性锁圈spring lock ring辐条式车轮轮毂shell (wire shell)轮辋槽well槽角well angle槽深well depth槽底半径well iner radius槽的位置well position槽顶圆角半径well radius top槽宽度well width中心孔center hole中心线center line夹紧块clamp夹紧螺栓clamping bolt锥型座(螺帽定位用)cone seat (for retainingnut)可拆卸档圈detachable endless flange可拆卸弹簧档圈detachable spring flange可拆卸锥形座圈detachable endless taperbead seat ring轮辐disc辐条wire spoke零移距zeroset弯距bending moment动态径向疲劳试验dynamic radial fatigue test横向疲劳试验cornering fatigue test轴安装axel mounting轴颈安装journal mounting孔径bore轮胎tyre (tire)轮胎系列tyre series轮胎规格tyre size轮胎标志tyre marking速度符号speed symbol胎面磨耗标志tread wear indicator骨架材料framework material层数number of plies层级ply rating外胎cover内胎inner tube胀大轮胎grown tyre充气轮胎pneumatic tyre新胎new tyre有内胎轮胎tubed tyre无内胎轮胎tubeless tyre水胎curing bag保留生产轮胎reserved old series of tyre普通断面轮胎conventional section tyre低断面轮胎low section tyre超低断面轮胎super low section tyre宽基轮胎wide base tyre斜交轮胎diagonal tyre子午线轮胎radial ply tyre活胎面轮胎removable tread tyre越野轮胎cross-country tyre沙漠轮胎sand tyre浇注轮胎cast tyre调压轮胎adjustable inflation tyre海棉轮胎foam filled tyre常压轮胎atomospheric pressure tyre内支撑轮胎internal supporter tyre拱形轮胎arch tyre椭圆形轮胎elliptical tyre实心轮胎solid tyre粘结式实心轮胎cured on solid tyre非粘结式实心轮胎pressed on solid tyre圆柱实心轮胎cylindrical base solid tyre 斜底实心轮胎conical base solid tyre抗静电实心轮胎anti-static solid tyre导电实心轮胎conductive solid tyre耐油实心轮胎oil-resistance solid tyre高负荷实心轮胎high load capacity solid tyre胎面花纹treadpattern纵向花纹circumferetial pattern横向花纹transverse pattern公路花纹highway tread pattern越野花纹cross-country tread pattern 混合花纹dual purpose tread pattern 定向花纹directional tread pattern雪泥花纹mud and snow pattern花纹细缝pattern sipe花纹块pattern block花纹条pattern rib花纹沟groove花纹加强盘tie-bar of pattern花纹角度pattern angle花纹纹深度pattern depth花纹展开图patttern plan光胎面smooth tread胎冠crown胎面tread胎面行驶面tread cap胎面基部tread base胎面基部胶tread slab base胎面过渡胶transition rubber of tread缓冲层breaker带束层belt缓冲胶片breaker strip包边胶tie-in strip完带层cap ply胎体carcass帘面层cord ply隔离胶insulation rubber封口胶sealing rubber胎里tyre cavity内衬层inside liner气密层innerliner胎肩shoulder胎肩区shoulder area胎肩垫胶shoulder wedge胎侧sidewall屈挠区flexing area胎侧胶sidewall rubber装饰胎侧decorative sidewall装饰线decorative rib装配线fitting line防擦线kerbing rib胎圈bead钢丝圈bead ring钢丝包胶wire covering胎圈座bead seat胎圈座角度beat seat angle胎圈座圆角半径bead seat radius胎圈座宽度bead seat width可选择的胎圈座轮廓bead seat optionalcontours凹陷型center-pente(CP)平峰型flat hump(FH)凸峰型round hump(RH)特殊座架special ledge(SL)胎圈芯bead core三角胶apex胎圈补强带bead reinforcing strip胎圈包布chafer胎圈外护胶bead filler rubber胎踵bead heel胎趾bead toe胎圈底部bead base内胎胎身tube body断面宽度section width断面高度section height高宽比(H/S)aspect ratio(H/S)外直径overall diameter自由半径free radius转向系steering system类型type机械转向系manual steering system动力转向系power steering system转向操纵机构steering controlmechanism直列式转向器in-line steering gear四边联杆式转向机构parallelogram linkagesteering整体式动力转向机构integral type powersteering总成和部件assemblies and parts转向万向节steering universal joint转向传动轴steering inner articulatedshaft转向管柱steering column球轴承套管式转向管柱tube and ball type steeringcolumn可伸缩式转向管柱telescopic steering column折叠式转向管柱collapsible steering column倾斜和缩进式转向管柱tilt and telescopic steering column吸能式转向管柱energy-absorbing steering column网络状转向柱管net type steering column 转向轴steering shaft转向横轴cross shaft转向盘steering wheel倾斜式方向盘tilt steering wheel机构转向器manual steering gear蜗杆滚轮式转向器worm and roller steering gear转向器盖cover of steering gear壳体housing转向蜗杆steering worm滚轮roller滚轮轴roller shaft侧盖side cover摇臂轴pitman arm shaft循环球式转向器recirculating ball steering gear循环球和螺母式转向器recirculating ball and nut steering gear循环球齿条齿扇式转向器recirculating ball-rack and sector steering gear转向螺母steering nut钢球ball转向螺杆steering screw 循环球-曲柄销式转向器recirculating ball-lever andpeg steering gear指销stud蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steeringgear转向齿轮steering pinion转向齿条steering rack动力转向器power steering stgear整体式动力转向器integral power steeringgear常压式液压动力转向器constant pressurehydraulic power steeringgear常流式液压动力转向器constant flow hydraulicpower steering gear螺杆螺线式转向器screw and nut steeringgear蜗杆指销式转向器worm and peg steeringgear齿轮齿条式转向器rack and pinion steeringgear变传动比转向器steering gear with variableratio转向控制阀steering control valve滑阀式转向控制器spool valve type阀体valve housing滑阀valve spool转阀式转向控制阀rotary valve type扭杆torsion bar转向动力缸power cylinder转向油泵power steerig pump转向油罐oil reservoir转向传动杆系steering linkage动力转向系布置power steering systemlayout反作用阀reactive valve梯形转向机构ackerman steering整体式转向梯形杆系ackerman steeringlinkdage分段式转向梯形杆系divided ackerman steeringlinkage中间转向杆intermediate steering rod转向摇臂pitman arm转向直拉杆steering drag link中间转向联杆center steering linkdage端部螺塞end plug球头销ball stud球头座ball cup压缩弹簧compression spring梯形机构tie rod linkage梯形臂tie rod arm转向横拉杆steering tie rod接头socket横拉杆端接头tie rod end分段式梯形机构split tie rod type tie rodlinkage摆臂swing arm动力转向power steering气压式动力转向air-power steering液压式动力转向hydraulic power steerig液压常流式动力转向hydraulic constant flowtype power steering液压储能式动力转向hydraulic accumulatorpower steering慢速转向slow steeirng快速转向fast steering (quicksteering)过度转向oversteering转向不足understeering转向系刚度steering system stiffness转向盘自由行程free play of steering wheel转向器转动力矩rotating torque of steeringgear转向力矩steering mometn转向阻力矩steering resisting torque转向力steering force转向传动比steering gear ratio(steering ratio0恒定转向传动比constant ratio steering可变转向传动比variable ratio steering转向系角传动比steering system angle ratio转向器角传动比steering gear angle ratio转向传动机构角传动比steering linkage angle ratio转向器传动效率steerign gear efficiency正效率forward efficiency逆效率reverse efficiency转向器扭转刚度torsional stiffness ofsteering gear转向盘总圈数total number of steering wheel turns转向器总圈数total turns of steering gaer 转向器传动间隙steering gar cleanrance摇臂轴最大转角max.rotating angle of pitman arm shaft转向摇臂最大摆角max. Swing angle of steering pitman arm转向器反驱动力矩reverse rotating torque of steering gear转向器最大输出扭矩steering gear max. Output torque最大工作压力max. Working pressure额定工作压力rated working pressure转向油泵理论排量theoretical displacement of pump限制流量limited flow转向控制阀预开隙pre-opened play of steering contol valve转向控制阀全开隙totally -opened play of steering control valve转向控制阀内泄漏量internal leakage in steering control valve转向控制阀压力降pressure loss in steering control valve转向器角传动比特性steering gear angle ratio characteristic转向器传动间隙特性steering gear clearance characterstic转向器传动效率特性steering gear efficeieny characteristic转向力特性steering force characteristic 动力转向系灵敏度特性power steering systmeresponse characteristic转向控制阀压力降特性steeirn gcontrol valvepresrue loss characteristtic前桥front axle工字梁I-beam双工字梁twin I-beam非驱动桥dead axle转向节steering knuckle挂车转向装置steering system of trailer中央主销式转向装置central king pin typesteering systme无主销转向装置no king pin type steeringsystem全杆式转向装置all linkage tyep steeringsystem球销式转向节ball and socket steeringknuckle转向节止推轴承steering knuckle thrustbearing前轮轴front wheel spindle转向盘轴steering spindle转向节轴knuckle spindle转向节臂steering knuckle arm(转向节)主销knuckle pin(King pin)反拳式前桥reverse elliott axle反拳式转向节reverse elliott steeringknuckle叉式前桥elliott type axle叉式转向节elliott steering knuckle制动系braking ssytem类型tyep行车制动系统service braking sytem应急制动系统secondary(emergency )brakingsytem驻车制动系统parking braking system辅助制动系统auxiliary braking system自动制动系统automatic braking sytem人力制动系统muscular energy brakingsytem助力制动系统energy assisted brakingsystem动力制动系统non-muscular energybraking system惯性制动系统inertial braking styem重力制动系统gravity braking sytem单回路制动系统single-circuit brakingsystem双回路制动系统dual -ciurcuit brakingsystem单管路制动系统single-line braking system双管路制动系统dual braking sytem多管路制动系统multi-line braking sytem连续制动系统continuous braking sytem半连续制动系统semi-continuous brakingsytemm非连续制动系统non-continuous brakingsystem伺服制动系统servo braking system液压制动系统hydraulic braking sytem电磁制动系统electormagnetic brakingsytem机械制动系统mechanical braking sytem组合制动系统combination braking sytem基本术语bsic terms制动装备braking equipment组成部件constituent elements制动力学braking mechanics渐进制动gradual braking制动能源braking energy source制动力矩braking torque总制动力total braking force干扰后效制动力矩distrubing residual brakingtorque总制动距离total braking distance有效制动距离active braking distance制动力分配率braking force distaributionrate制动效能因素(制动强度)braking efficiency factro制动力braking work瞬时制动功率instantaneous brakingpower保护压力rptection pressure报警压力alarm pressure制动系滞后braking system hysteresis制动效果百分数percentage of the brakingefficiency停车距离(制动距离)stopping distance充分发出的平均减速度mean fully developed braking deceleration (MFDD)制动反应时间reaction time促动时间actuating time初始反应时间initial response time制动力增长时间build-up time of braking force有效制动时间active braking time释放时间release time驾驶员反应时间reaction time of driver 机构滞后时间mechanism hysteresis time增长时间build-up time of braking force主制动时间main braking time总制动时间total braking tiem停车时间stopping tiem开启行程opening travel空行程spare travel中间行程mid-travel制动储备行程reserve brake travel断油行程cut-off travel行程损失loss of travel缩小比(减压比) reduction ratio回缩retraction两片法two-plate method单片法single-plate method含水量moistrue content单轮控制individual wheel control多轮控制multi wheel control轴控制axle control边控制side control对角控制diagonal control组合多轴控制combined multi-axlecontrol可变选择variable selection最低控制速度minimum control speed传感器信号选择sensor signal低选择select -low高选择select-high预定选择predetermined selectin车轮选择selection by wheel平均选择average selecton分辨率resolution rate控制周期control cycle控制频率control frequency控制力control force作用力control froce制动器效能因素application force制动器材的滞后brake hysteresis制动器输出力矩brake output torque制动器额定力矩brake rating torque制动蹄效能因素brake shoe efficiencyfactro制动蹄作用压力application pressure ofbrake shoe assebmly制动蹄释放压力release pressure of brakeshoe最大制动蹄中心升程maximum shoe centre lift制动鼓直径drum diameter制动鼓宽度drum width制动鼓厚度drum thickness制动盘厚度disc thickness(鼓或盘)的摩擦面积swept area制动衬片吸收功率power absorption of lining制动衬片包角lining arc制动衬片单位面积制动力lining drag衬片摩擦系数lining mu衬片摩擦面积/每轴lining area/axle衬片摩擦面积/每个制动器lining area/brake踏板行程pedal travel踏板自由行程free pedal travel踏板最大行程maximum pedal travel踏板力pedal effort有效踏板长度effective pedal length踏板速比pedal velocity ratio踏板回位弹簧力pedal return spring load踏板回位弹簧刚度pedal return spring rate制动初速度initial speed of braking制动减速度braking deceleration瞬时制动减速度instantaneous brakingdeceleration平均制动减速度mean braking deceleration最大制动减速度maximum brakingdeceleration石油基制动液petroleum base brake fluid非石油基制动液non-petroleum base brakefluid最低湿沸点minimum wet boiling point防冻液anti-freeze liquid冷却液cooling liquid供能装置energy supplying device真空泵vacuum pump喷射器ejector真空罐(筒)vacuum tank空压机air compressor气缸盖cylinder head气缸体cylinder block活塞piston火塞环piston ring连杆connecting rod活塞销piston pin曲轴crank shaft进气阀intake valve排气阀exhaust valve储气罐(筒)air storage reservoir调压阀pressure regulating valve单向阀single check valve止回阀,单向阀check valve滤清器filter进气滤清器air intake filter排气滤清器air exhaust filter管路滤清器line filter滤网(芯)strainer油水分离器oil and water seperator 防冻器aiti-freezer空气干燥器air dryer排放阀drain valve压力保护阀pressrue protection valve 控制装置control device行车制动踏板装置service braking pedal device制动踏板braking pedal踏板护套pedal pad踏板支架pedal brackeet衬套bushing套管collar销轴axis pin回位弹簧retruen spring驻车制动操纵装置parking brake control device操纵杆control lever操纵杆支架control lever bracket操纵杆导套control lever guide collar 齿杆(棘轮)rod rack(ratchet)棘抓ratchet pawl 操纵揽绳control cable平衡臂equalizer拉杆(拉绳)pull rod(pull wire)拉杆导套pull rod guide collar制动杆brake lever手制动杆hand lever气制动阀aire brake valve单腔气制动阀single-chamber air brakevalve推杆plunger气阀air valve平衡弹簧equalizing spring膜片diaphragm双腔气制动阀dual-chamber air brakevalve串列式双腔气制动阀series dual -chamber airbrake valve并列式双腔气制动阀parallel dual-chamber airbrake valve三腔气制动阀triple-chamber air brakevalve三通路控制阀three way control valve双向止回阀(双通单向阀)dual way check valve继动阀relay valve快放阀quick release valve继动快放阀relay and quick releasevalve挂车制动阀trailer braking valve挂车制动应急继动阀trailer braking relayemergency valve挂车制动保护阀trailer braking protectonvalve挂车制动放松阀trailer braking relax valve手控制动阀hand braking valve传能装置transmission device制动主缸brake master cylinder有补偿孔式制动主缸compensating brakemaster cylinder无补偿孔式制动主缸portless brake mastercylinder串列双腔式制动主缸series dual chamber brakemaster cylinder盘式制动器制动缸disc brake cylinder双腔制动主缸tandem master cylinder主腔primary chamber应急腔secondary chamber膜片diaphragm主缸缸体master cylinder body皮碗防护垫cup protector主皮碗primary cup皮圈(副皮碗)ring cup副皮碗secontary cup弹簧座spring seat活塞挡圈piston stopper卡环snap ring主缸推杆master cylinder push rod连接叉clevis防尘罩(套)boot残留阀residual valve储液室fluid reservoir主缸储液室master cylinder reservoir储液室盖fluid reservoir cap进油阀inlet valve第一活塞first piston第二活塞secondary piston轮缸wheel cylinder伺服机构servo mechanism助力器booster真空助力器vacuum booster反馈杠杆reaction lever反馈盘reaction plate伺服阀servo valve反馈柱塞reaction plunger伺服活塞servo piston助力活塞boosting piston伺服膜片servo diaphragm助力膜片boosting diaphragm真空增压器vacuum intensifier控制阀体control valve body阀门弹簧valve spring控制膜片回位弹簧control diaphragm returnspring控制膜片control diaphragm控制活塞control piston。

中英文文献翻译—自动变速器

附录From 1894, a French engineer to a car fitted with the world's first transmission date, transmission has been car a hundred years of development. Important for the automotive transmission component of the commitment to enlarge the engine torque, torsional characteristics of reactive power with the engine, to achieve the desired power transmission, and thus adapt to various road conditions to achieve the main devices driving.The first is the use of manual transmission. Later, for the convenience of motorists, in the collar between adjacent gear fitted with a synchronizer, the synchronizer rely on, and we do not need to shift to judge the speed. Manual transmission is still present in the automotive industry a wide range of applications, automatic transmission is a trend, but the manual transmission is great fun, embodied persons.The traditional gear transmission with the use of different shift achieved the purpose of twisting, but with the change of gear by foot only hand-off to achieve, and this is the so-called manual transmission. Easily shift to achieve the abolition of clutch pedal and manual the AT (AutomaticTransmission) transmission occurred, it is the main browser using hydraulic Torque traditional mechanical gearbox with the shift function to achieve. In fact, as early as the 1948 Oldsmobile car GM has already emerged on the automatic transmission is now taking shape, but then the automatic transmission is only the addition of hydraulic coupler manual transmission only.AT used because earlier, so the English name is called "automatic transmission." However, AT is not the same as in the automatic transmission. As long as we can to achieve the automatic transmission shift automatic transmission can be called, it is necessary to achieve this in fact means a lot: In addition to AT, but also includes other forms of CVT. However, before the overthrow of the name can not, so let us not think so: automatic transmission (AT) including: hydraulic transmission (AT), Electronically Controlled Transmission (ECT), non-polar transmission (CVT).1908 Ford Model T the first use of a two-speed ratio automatic transmission. Constructed using multiple sets of gear, and gear into the central and peripheral gear, the outside is a runner, with the introduction of the central gear of the torque from the engine is different from camera gear groups so as to be different levels of speed, including Reverserotation reversing file. Runner-type automatic transmission, there is a drawback, that is, when people start to accelerate there is a feeling of spin the wheels, so drivers will be meng refueling door, but does not immediately increase the speed again. At present, some manufacturers such as Nissan and Fiat, have recourse to some electronic device to try to eliminate this shortcoming, Nissan Primera and the 6-speed transmission Fiat Punto 7-speed gearbox is the result of this effort. Drivers pulled no need to handle, they can easily change the speed.Although the automatic transmission continue to evolve and progress, but there will always be a drawback, that is, the response speed of action and between the pedal there will always be a gap, driving in the impression of a lack of intuition. Appeared in 1969 and the electronic control systems appeared in 1982, which was to improve digital technology. With the engine fuel injection and ignition devices continued to be refined, automatic transmission is also new tricks, such as set up a "campaign-style 'or" snow road ", such as the manipulation of different ways, some in the instrument panel has a bearing S letter button, you can become extremely rapid acceleration; or snowflake patterns are printed on the button on behalf of the snow moving to avoid slipping in the start. Even worse, a new generation of "adaptable style" Transmission can also adapt to motorists different habits, the corresponding reaction, so that drivers will become more user-friendly. the intelligent automatic transmission, and spread to the vehicle mass, which is a credit to the French. in 1997 with the Renault Clio Peugeot 206 took the lead in the most advanced computer-controlled technology and is known as "fuzzylogie" the principle that "fuzzy logic." This car can drive based on the temperament, road conditions, vehicle load and the surrounding environment and other factors, in the nine kinds of programs select the most suitable function, the realization of intelligent driving, in order to give full play to the vehicle performance and reduce fuel consumption and ensure safety. now that is, continuously variable transmission CVT (ContinuouslyVariableTransmission) also have been widely used, continuously variable transmission system in the non-use of gears, to provide smooth and "no class" conversion ratio of the transmission system at the same time light weight, small size, the characteristics of small parts, is recognized as the ideal vehicle transmission. compared to AT, CVT transmission wuji primarily in the drive way there different. The latter is the use of drive belts and the work of the main variable diameter driven wheel to transfer power line in order to achieve the continuous transmission ratiochange.However, the traditional CVT technical weaknesses exist, such as the transmission belt easily damaged, can not afford a larger load, etc., makes the transmission has been used in more than a small displacement, low-power vehicles. As technology advances, the energy crisis triggered a global energy conservation and environmental protection awareness, at the conclusion of the first generation of CVT based on the experience, people develop a better performance, greater torque capacity CVT. However, playing in the torque requirements on the CVT model is still unable to take on heavy responsibilities.Continuously Variable Transmission and the common development of electronically controlled automatic transmission also ushered in DSG (dual clutch automatic transmission) the popularity of Volkswagen has now started to apply only to the super sports car before the technology is applied to the ordinary family car has been up. DSG automatic transmission shifting technology enables faster, less power loss, so more fuel-efficient.The development of automatic transmission car seems to have wisdom, and even more good than people think. It changes according to the road outside, after the calculation, instead of smart people to make an accurate decision.距1894年，一个法国工程师给一辆汽车装上世界上第一个变速器至今，汽车变速器已经经过了一百多年的发展。

auto english

汽车发动机专业英语词汇cylinder block 汽缸体transmisson 变速器scrap 铁屑碎片cylinder liner汽缸套gearbox housing 变速器壳stipulate 规定保证cylinder head 汽缸盖shift lever 变速杆shot blasting 过载失真cylinder head cover气门室罩盖shift lever han变速杆ductile 易延展的cylinder head gasket 汽缸垫shift lever handle 变速杆手柄tensile strength 拉伸应力rear main bearing cover 后主轴承盖input shaft 输入轴elongation 伸长，延伸，延伸率main bearing cap主轴承盖planet pinion 行星齿轮metallurgical structure 金相组织oil pan 油底壳first driven gear 一档从动齿轮appearance quality 外观质量piston活塞reverse driving gear 倒档驱动齿轮crack 裂缝piston ring活塞环synchromesh 同步器slag 熔渣，矿渣，使变成熔渣piston pin活塞销accelerator pedal 油门踏板main shaft neck 主轴颈connecting rod 连杆clutch 离合器con-rod shaft neck 连杆轴颈connecting rod cap 连杆盖clutch plate 离合器片surface smoothness 平面度flywheel 飞轮clutch pedal 离合器踏板cement 水泥，胶结剂crankshaft 曲轴main cylinder 主缸short pouring 浇注不全needle valve 针阀main cylinder piston主缸活塞package 包装crankshaft sprocket 曲轴正时链轮coupling 偶合器burr 毛刺camshaft timing gear凸轮轴正时齿轮turbine涡轮flash 铸摸溢出槽（飞边）camshaft sprocket 凸轮轴链轮turbine bearing 涡轮轴承finish 末道漆磨光camshaft bearing bush 凸轮轴衬套drive shaft 传动轴alloy 合金valve 气门splined shaft tube中间传动轴管iron 铁valve rocker arm 气门摇臂universal joint 万向节steel 钢valve spring 气门弹簧spider 十字轴copper 铜valve guide 气门导管shaft tube yoke万向节叉nickle 镍rocker shaft bracket 摇臂轴承座yoke shaft 传动轴管silicon 硅oil pipe 油管differential 差动器hydrogen 氢oil flexible hose 机油软管differential case 差速器壳 nitrogen 氮oil filler cap 机油盖rigid live axle 后轴壳helium 氦dipstick 机油标final drive housing 主传动器壳carbon 碳oil pump 机油泵steering live axle 转向驱动轴oxygen 氧oil pump gears 油泵齿轮chassis 底盘aluminium 铝oil suction pipe joint 进油管接头chassis frame 车架calcium 钙oil filter 机油滤清器front beam axle 前桥stannum 锡radiator 散热器steering wheel 转向盘aurum 金radiator shutter 散热器百叶窗steering knuckle 转向节silver 银fan 风扇steering knuckle pivot 转向节销fluorine 氟water pump 水泵leaf sping 钢板弹簧thermistor 热敏电阻water tube 水管coil spring 螺旋弹簧ignition distributor 点火分电器engine water jacket 发动机水套torsion bar 扭杆弹簧magneto 电磁机carburetor 化油器shoke absorber 减振器headlamp 大灯fuel pump 汽油泵tired wheel 轮turn signal 转向指示灯fuel pump bracket 汽油泵wheel disk 轮盘coating涂层上衣衣料fuel filter燃油滤清器tire 轮胎plating 电镀镀层装甲fuel tank 燃油箱inner tube 内胎porosity 多孔性，气孔率air cleaner空气滤清器inner tube valve 内胎气门嘴air bag安全气囊fuel injector 喷油嘴tube air valve 气门芯seat cushion 座椅垫needle valve 针阀steering gear 转向器seat back 座椅靠背body 车身steering shaft 转向轴sefety belt 安全带front wheel valance前轮挡泥板service brake pedal 制动踏板windscreen washer 风窗清洗器roof front top rail 车身前横杠parking brake cable 停车制动绳cubic 立方体front bumper 前保险杠parking brake handle 手制动杆sprue 浇口铸口通道hood 发动机盖brake cylinder 制动分泵accompanying 随同的附见的floor panel 地板，底版brake band 制动带battery蓄电池trunk lid 行李箱盖friction lining 制动蹄摩擦衬片generator 发电机fender 翼子板brake disk 制动盘generator regulator 发电机调节器front door 前车门floating shoe 浮动蹄starter 起动器front panel 前护板friction pad 摩擦垫块spark plug 火花塞sun visor 遮阳板floating caliper 浮动钳ignition coil 点火线圈mirror 后视镜friction disk 摩擦盘ash tray 烟灰盒grab handle 把手windshield wiper 刮水器arm-rest 扶手protrusion 突出突出部露出electroplate 电镀电瓶window winder 摇窗机构手柄foundry 铸造，铸造厂cast 铸造inside door handle 车门内手柄solder 焊接剂 ,焊接weld 焊接door lock kdob 门内锁止按扭gimbal 万向节gyroscrope 陀螺仪instrument panel 仪表板swarf 金属切屑，铁屑journal 日记，杂志，轴颈lobe 叶，耳垂，裂片gauge 标准度量，计量器，线规gallery 走廊，画廊，图库rockwelldatum 论据，材料，已知数，数据roughness 粗糙度，不平度phosphate 磷酸盐taper 拔销，锥形，使变锥形square 正方形，使成直角point of tangency 切点pit 深坑凹陷scratcher 刻痕，刮伤，抓scores 得分，刻痕penetrate 穿透，刺穿了解使充溢resistance 抵抗力反抗阻力电阻corrosion resistance 抗腐蚀能力nick 刻痕，缺痕，划伤，狙击tool marks 工具痕迹restrike 复击projection 发射，投影计划推测voltage 电压伏特数electric current 电流pre-qualified machining 初加工batch 批次quantify of testbar 标准试棒flange of oil bottom housing 油底壳法兰gastightness test 气密性测试anatomize 解剖sand melusion 粘砂short pouring 浇不足shrinkage 缩孔loss 疏松scrab 结瘤profile 侧面轮廓传略描绘profile chart 透视图profile cutter 成型刀具profile lathe 仿形机床profile modeling 靠模forge 熔炉，锻造，打制bore 钻孔，令人讨厌的plane 平面，刨削mill（er）铣 (铣床)drill 钻孔，训练，钻孔机grind（er）磨磨碎磨床研磨者BMEP 制动平均有效压力combustion chamber 燃烧室Automible-Mechanism 汽车构造connect rod 连杆generator 发电机crank shaft 曲轴componets 总成antifreeze 防冻剂ignition system 点火系compartment 部件车厢lubrication oil 润滑油wear excessively 过度磨损cam 凸轮轴arrangement of cylinders 汽缸排列piston 活塞power train 动力传动系valve train 配气机构strok 行程intake 进气compression 压缩power 作功exhaust 排气seal 密封lever 杠杆gasket 密封垫plug 火花塞port 进排气道vaporize 汽化carburetor 化油器expand 膨胀bolt/stud 螺栓asbestos 石棉engine 引擎coil /winding 线圈clip 弹簧夹cliaphragm 膜片distributor 分电器drain 排水管eccentric 偏心轮friction 摩擦inertia 惯性regnlator 稳压器rust 生锈screw 螺丝spline 花键tilt 倾斜torsion 扭矩tube 内胎transistor 晶体管vacuum 真空washer 垫圈worm 蜗杆derive from 引自proofread 校审volume production 批量生产volume smoke 大量冒烟be normal to 垂直于normal angle 直角charge 混合物，分层detonation 爆燃flame 火焰propagation 传播宣传繁殖frame front 火焰锋luminous 发光的aspect 性状constant volume 定容velocity 速度be proportion to 正比于transport velocity 牵连速度as the mean of 作为….方法mean aquare root 均方根by some mean 以某种方法by which mean 借此minus /decrease/subtract 减add 加mutiply 乘divide 除where 式中round bracket 圆括号square bracket 方括号initial pressure 初压index 指数powder 幂subscript 下标ratio 比值cross-sectional area 横截面swirl 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