英语测试课程chapter 3 考试要素
(完整)香港朗文英语3A测试卷4-6单元
三年级朗文英语（3A）测试题Chapter4—6Listening Part （51%）一、Listen and choose the right answer。
（10%）（） 1. A. June B。
July C。
May D. December( ) 2。
A。
16th November B. 25th October C。
18th September D。
1st January（） 3。
A. camera B。
watch C. wallet D。
purse( ) 4. A. smell B. shell C. tell D。
smile（ ) 5。
A. crayons B。
photo C. shoes D. ring( ） 6。
A。
photo B。
phone C。
pond D. potato( ) 7。
A。
how B. what C. which D。
when（ ) 8. A。
45 B。
37 C。
12 D. 64（ ) 9. A。
fifty dollars B. sixty dollars C。
fifty yuan D。
sixty yuan( ） 10. A。
gentle waves B。
fresh air C。
pretty shells D。
salty water 二、Listen and write the letters。
（8%)（） ( ）（ ) （ )( ）（ ) （ ) ( ）三、Listen and “T”，” F”。
听音判断对错,对的写T，错的写F (12%)1. 2. 3。
￥8( ) ( ) （）4。
5。
6。
＄20（ ) ( ） ( ）四、Listen and choose the right answer, write “A" or “B”。
(9％）( ) 1. A. Can you come to our school fair？B. Can you come to our school concert?（） 2。
全国医护英语水平考试应试指南3电子版
全国医护英语水平考试应试指南3电子版 With the increasing globalization and the rapid development of medical technology, English proficiency has become an essential skill for healthcare professionals. The National Medical English Test (NMET) is a standardized examination designed to assess the English language proficiency of medical students and healthcare professionals in China. Among the various resources available for NMET preparation, the "National Medical English Test Preparation Guide 3 (Electronic Edition)" stands out as a comprehensive and user-friendly study tool. The electronic edition of the Preparation Guide 3offers a convenient and accessible platform for candidates to prepare for the NMET. It features a user-friendly interface, allowing candidates to easily navigate through different sections and topics. The content of the guide is organized into multiple chapters, covering areas such as vocabulary, grammar, reading comprehension, listening comprehension, writing skills, and speaking skills. Each chapter is further divided into subsections, providingdetailed explanations and examples to help candidates understand and master key concepts.The vocabulary section of the guide is particularly useful, as it covers a wide range of medical terminology and expressions commonly used in healthcare settings. The guide provides definitions, pronunciations, and example sentences for each term, enabling candidates to quickly familiarize themselves with medical vocabulary and improve their vocabulary size.The grammar section covers the basic and advanced grammar rules essential for medical English. It includes explanations of different grammatical structures, such as sentence types, clauses, and tenses, as well as practice exercises to help candidates apply these rules in real-life situations.The reading comprehension section of the guide focuses on developing candidates' ability to understand and interpret medical texts. It includes passages on various medical topics, followed by questions that test candidates' comprehension and understanding. This section helps candidates familiarize themselves with the language andterminology used in medical literature and improve their reading speed and accuracy.The listening comprehension section prepares candidates for the listening portion of the NMET. It includes recordings of medical conversations and lectures, followed by questions that test candidates' ability to understand and interpret the spoken language. This section helps candidates develop their listening skills and prepare them for the real-life situations they may encounter in a medical setting.The writing skills section of the guide focuses on developing candidates' ability to communicate effectivelyin medical English. It provides guidance on writing medical reports, letters, and other documents, as well as practice exercises to help candidates improve their writing skills. This section emphasizes the importance of clear and concise communication in medical settings and helps candidates understand the format and conventions of medical writing. The speaking skills section prepares candidates for the speaking portion of the NMET. It includes scenarios androle-plays that simulate real-life medical situations,allowing candidates to practice their speaking skills in a controlled environment. This section helps candidates develop their confidence in speaking medical English and prepares them for the challenges they may face when communicating with patients, colleagues, or other healthcare professionals.Overall, the electronic edition of the National Medical English Test Preparation Guide 3 is a comprehensive and user-friendly resource for candidates preparing for the NMET. It covers all aspects of medical English, providing detailed explanations, examples, and practice exercises to help candidates master the language and terminology used in healthcare settings. With this guide, candidates can confidently prepare for the NMET and enhance their English proficiency for success in their medical careers.**全国医护英语水平考试应试指南3电子版深度解析** 随着全球化的深入和医疗技术的迅速发展，英语水平已成为医疗专业人员的必备技能。
英语试卷分析
英语试卷分析英语试卷质量分析篇一期中考试已经结束了，这次考试是一次比较重要的考试，是全面衡量学生这段时间学习情况的一次考试。
下面我主要从三方面来分析着这次：一、考试质量分析1、试题方面：本次考试试题是有名校调研调来的试题，就整个试题而言，有的考题偏难，甚至有的超出考试范围，只有少部分试题能够体现目前注重基础、体现能力的考试命题要求。
这是造成这次英语成绩偏低的一个重要原因。
2、试卷方面本次考试题型，分为听力部分、单项选择、完形填空、阅读理解、补全对话，单词拼写和写作八部分，各部分难易程度不同。
大部分题都比较基础，和平时的练习比较起来相对难一些，尤其是个别题难度相当大，像阅读短文，篇幅表较长，学生做起来首先是在头脑中自己打败了自己。
此次阅读短文的内容相对而言略显枯燥。
在考试的过程中，学生做的比较吃力。
此次英语考试的听力部分，也是同学丢分较多的地方。
这学期对学生在听力方面的练习不是很多，除了在课堂上少量练习外，平时课下学生几乎得不到练习。
但是学生听力分数较低的原因主要是学生的书写能力太差。
完形填空难易适中，但选项具有大的灵活性，学生普遍得分较低，错误率为５％以上。
单词拼写部分，由于涉及到的单词包括上学期的知识，大部分同学答的不好，得分非常低。
写作部分为记叙性文章，在上课时有所涉及，得分较高。
这次考试的另一个题型——补全对话，它既考察了学生的在这段时间学习的交通方式，又联系到了上学期的问路和指路，跨度较大，加大了整张试卷的难度。
这也是这次考试成绩有所下滑的原因。
二、分析原因从这次考试来看，两极分化十分明显，个别的语法知识的掌握还不够牢固，尤其是个别题目反复做过几次也没能把握好，阅读理解能力和书面表达能力比较弱。
造成这种结果的原因是多方面的，但其中最重要的两方面是在于教师和学生本身。
教师方面的原因：这段时间对学生要求不够严格，所以学生对英语的学习不够重视，这也是这次考试成绩不高的原因之一。
从这次考试中应该吸取这样的教训。
小学义务教育英语课程标准(2023年版)解读ppt课件
教师培训内容与方式
培训内容
包括教育教学理论、教学方法和技巧、课程开发与设计、评 价与反思等方面的知识。
培训方式
可以采用线上和线下相结合的方式，包括教师研讨会、教学 观摩、案例分析、小组讨论等。
教师自我反思与成长
反思教学过程
教师需要不断反思自己的教学过程，发现问题和 不足，并寻找改进的方法。
总结教学经验
培养的需求。
全球化背景
随着全球化的加速，英语作为 国际交流的通用语言，对于学 生的未来发展具有重要意义。
小学英语教育现状
针对当前小学英语教育的现状 ，需要进一步明确课程目标，
提高教学质量和效果。
课程目标概述
培养学生综合语言运用能力
通过学习英语，学生能够掌握基本 的语言知识、技能和策略，提高综 合语言运用能力。
及时反馈与调整
教学评价应及时反馈学生的学习情 况，帮助学生发现问题和不足，并 指导教师对教学进行及时调整和改 进。
04
学生发展与评估
Chapter
学生发展概述
英语语言能力
通过学习英语，学生能够掌握基本的语言知识和技能，包括词汇 、语法和听力理解等，为进一步学习和应用打下基础。
跨文化意识
学生能够了解并尊重不同文化背景下的价值观和习俗，培养跨文 化交流的能力。
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词汇知识
掌握3000个左右的基础 词汇，能够正确拼写和用 法。
语法知识
掌握基本语法规则，如名 词、动词、形容词等，能 够正确使用。
语言技能
听
能够听懂慢速英语短文和对话，获取主要 信息。
读
能够阅读简单的英语短文和故事，理解大 意。
超实用备战高考英语考试易错题——语法填空：无提示词之冠词和介词(3大陷阱) (原卷版)
易错点24 无提示词之冠词和介词目录01 易错陷阱（3大陷阱）02 举一反三【易错点提醒一】冠词易混易错点【易错点提醒二】介词固定短语易混易错点【易错点提醒三】介词核心词义易混易错点03 易错题通关养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
易错陷阱1：冠词易混易错点。
【分析】冠词的错误在用法填空中主要有以下两条。
1.冠词固定短语掌握不牢。
2.只关注冠词的特指或泛指用法，忽略句子的逻辑意思，导致简单的句意复杂化。
3.冠词a与an的用法区别。
易错陷阱2：介词固定短语易混易错点。
【分析】介词的错误在用法填空中主要有以下四条。
1.含有介词的介词短语记忆不牢。
2.含有介词的动词短语记忆不牢。
3.含有介词的形容词短语记忆不牢。
易错陷阱3：介词核心词义易混易错点。
【分析】介词核心词义出错主要因为句子成分分析不清，句子逻辑意义不能理解，导致无法翻译介词的核心意思。
【易错点提醒一】冠词易混易错点【例1】（广东省2023-2024学年普通高三调研试题）The second phase, Zhongfu, is traditionally【变式1】（广东省深圳市四校学校2023-2024学年高三联考）The most representative among them is Lyu Opera, ________ unique kind of the Chinese art form.【变式2】（2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）The Song and Yuan dynasties saw ________ peak in the development of Chinese culture, and this coincided with the golden age of ancient books in China, says Chu Xiaobo, director of the Shanghai Museum.【变式3】（2024届浙江省绍兴市高三模拟预测英语试题)The Yellow River basin is home to a lot of cultural relics, ancient documents and other important cultural heritage, and their protection is a very important part of the river’s protection and governance, since it is of irreplaceable significance to promoting inheritance (继承) of Chinese civilization.【易错点提醒二】介词固定短语易混易错点【例2】（广东省新高考高中联合质量测评省级联考10月试题）Before she left her journey, Maxwell found inspiration from women explorers of the past.【变式1】（广东省深圳市红岭中学2023-2024学年高三统考试题）In recent years, the 600-year-old Forbidden City has become an Internet celebrity, launching thousands of cultural and artistic products ________ stationery (文具) and furnishings to clothing and cosmetics (化妆品).【变式2】（广东省东莞实验中学高三下学期开学“收心”试题）Besides, people around the globe canfreely.【变式3】（广东省2023-2024学年普通高三调研试题）Except for eating, Chinese people combinetreatment, is a bandage made of traditional Chinese herbal medicine.【易错点提醒三】介词核心词义易混易错点【例3】（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）A dragon is a huge, imaginary flying animal that can breathe out fire and looks a reptile (爬行动物).【变式1】（广东省深圳市富源学校2023-2024学年调研试题）Sugar art is pretty popular________ children, but it’s beautiful enough to interest anyone.【变式2】（广东省广东省四校联考2023-2024学年高三9月试题）After taking into account other risk factors for cancer such as age, weight, physical activity, and fat intake, the authors found those consuming high amounts of artificial sweetener had a higher cancer occurrence rate _ non-consumers.【变式3】（广东省佛山市南海区2023-2024学年高三测试题）Shandong is willing to work with Italian partners to strengthen dialogue,enhance trust, and deepen cooperation, drawing a new chapterin the cultural and tourism cooperation and exchanges the two places, said a senior official from the Shandong Provincial Department of Culture and Tourism.1.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）The present-day Analects is based on the Lu version compiledRen is rich in content, and varied in form.2.（浙江省名校协作体2023-2024学年高三适应性试题）Do keep open mind. Students can change majors, but remember that there’s no re-living a certain semester(学期), and there’s no making up for lost time.3.（广东省梅州市曾宪梓中学2023年高三质检试题）Famous for carrying his tennis rackets in a4.（湖南省岳阳第一中学2023-2024学年高三开学试题）New customers preferred Chinese styles, says______ painter in Dafen. He learnt the art of Shan Shui which involves representing natural landscapes.5.（湖南省部分校2023-2024学年高三试题）However, naked marriage has become the most fashionable wedding style for those who were born after 1980s.6.（湖南省常德市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The Grand Canal was notable achievement of the ancient Chinese people.7.（湖南省湖南师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高三试题）Kua Fu could not stop for instant, and he ran like wind all the way, struggling to catch up.8.（湖南省邵东市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The Xinjiang nang industry has played key role in poverty alleviation(减贫) too, aiming to create a more innovative and powerful mode of industrial development.9.（广东省2023-2024学年新高三联考试题）In recognition of its significance, UNESCO listed the10.（广东省湛江市第一中学2023-2024学年高三试题）The study focused a group of people who sang in a professional choir and discovered that the amount of proteins in the blood that function as antibodies(抗体) was obviously higher after singing11.（2024届广东省四校高三第一次联考试题）One example is the Yellow River Tower in Binzhou’s Puhu Lake Scenic Area, which was open the public last year.12.（广东省七校联合体2023-2024学年高三联考试题）Institutional mechanisms and policy systems for green development in urban and rural areas will be basically established by 2025, while green development will cover urban and rural areas a comprehensive way by 2035, with an increased cut in carbon emissions, said the guideline.13.（2024届浙江省强基联盟高三仿真模拟卷）Ancient books from the Song (960 — 1279) and Yuan (1271 — 1368) dynasties are now show at a new exhibition at the Shanghai Museum . 14.（2024届浙江省强基联盟适应性考试试题）Some research has shown that the more sensitive the parent is _____ their child’s needs, and responds appropriately to them, the risk of shyness decreases.15.（浙江省名校新高考研究联盟）It was compiled in the early Warring States Period, over 70 years after the death of Confucius, from the notes that his disciples took according to the answers their questions.对高三学生而言，就是要通过训练转化为学生的答题能力。
英语测试课程chapter5
英语测试课程chapter5第五章测试评估⼿段及其功能教学⽬标：１、通过本课学习使学⽣熟悉语⾔能⼒评估的三种分类；２、选择答题类评估⽅法；３、⾮选择答题类评估⽅法；４、个性化答题类评估⽅法。
教学重点：重点掌握考试的类别教学⼿段：讲解、讨论。
本章讲解内容框架：5.1选择答题类评估⽅法正误判断题匹配题多项选择题5.2⾮选择答题类评估⽅法填空题转换题简答题论述题5.3个性化答题类评估⽅法个别检查⾃评与互评学期作品评估I．语⾔测试的总体设计在设计考试时，必须有⼀个蓝图，然后按照这个蓝图去命题，主要这样才能保证测试的质量。
这样包括：确定考试类别；确定考试内容；确定考题形式。
本章重点讲解考题形式的分类和确定。
II．考题形式的分类从评分的⾓度来看，语⾔测试的题型分主观试题和客观试题两⼤类（从评分⽅式进⾏分类）。
主观试题常见的有作⽂、⼝试、简述题、翻译题等。
主观试题的特点是命题容易评分难，效度⾼，易于测量考⽣实际使⽤语⾔的能⼒。
与主观试题相反，客观试题评分容易命题难，信度⾼。
客观试题中最常见的题型是多项选择题，此外还有正误判断题、配对题等。
客观试题⼀般要求考⽣打勾、画圈，不便于测量考⽣实际使⽤语⾔的能⼒，多⽤来考查知识。
⼀项考试中到底应该采⽤何种题型，应该看考试的类型⽬标和要求。
如果题型选不好，可能会影响到考⽣语⾔能⼒的测量（如要测量学⽣的写作能⼒，⽤多项选择题就不好）。
本章主要介绍考题形式、它们的功能以及命题注意事项。
根据Brown和Hudson(1998)提出的语⾔能⼒评估分类法，考试形式可分为以下三类进⾏讲解：正误判断题2.1选择答题类评估⽅法匹配题多项选择题2.1.1 正误判断题也称是⾮题。
正误判断题实际上是⼆项选择题。
问题以陈述句的形式出现，要求考⽣指出其正误。
（见Ｐ６４）正误判断题，从句⼦结构上讲，这个句⼦可以是简单句，也可以是复合句。
从句⼦意义上讲，它既可以表述⼀个事实，也可以表述⼀个观点。
2.1.2 匹配题也称配对题。
简明英语测试教程第一章
简明英语测试教程第一章Simple English Test Tutorial Chapter 1This chapter serves as a concise guide to help learners prepare for their English language tests. The following sections will provide valuable tips and strategies for each section of the test, including listening, reading, writing, and speaking.Section 1: Listening SkillsDeveloping strong listening skills is crucial for success in any English language test. To enhance your listening abilities, consider the following techniques:1.1 Active ListeningEngage actively while listening to audio samples or conversations. Focus on understanding the key points, main ideas, and supporting details. Take notes if necessary to better retain the information.1.2 Practice ListeningListen to a wide range of English materials such as music, podcasts, and movies. Attempt to comprehend the context and meaning behind the words. Regular practice will sharpen your listening skills.Section 2: Reading SkillsThe reading section is designed to assess comprehension and vocabulary skills. To improve your performance in this section, take note of the following tips:2.1 Skimming and ScanningLearn to skim and scan passages quickly to identify the main ideas and locate specific information within the text. This technique helps save time during the test.2.2 Vocabulary ExpansionExpand your vocabulary by reading different genres and topics. Make a habit of using context clues to deduce the meaning of unfamiliar words. This practice will allow you to understand and answer questions more effectively.Section 3: Writing SkillsThe writing section evaluates your ability to express ideas, organize thoughts, and use correct grammar and vocabulary. Here are some suggestions to enhance your writing skills:3.1 Plan and StructureBefore starting your essay, take a few minutes to outline the main points and structure. This provides a clear direction for your writing and ensures a logical flow of ideas.3.2 Grammar and VocabularyReview essential grammar rules and practice using a variety of sentence structures. Expand your vocabulary by learning synonyms and idiomatic expressions to add depth to your writing.Section 4: Speaking SkillsThe speaking section assesses your ability to communicate fluently and coherently. To improve your speaking skills, incorporate the following strategies:4.1 Pronunciation and IntonationWork on correct pronunciation and intonation to enhance your overall fluency. Practice listening to and imitating native speakers as this will greatly improve your oral communication skills.4.2 Practice SpeakingEngage in conversations with native or proficient English speakers as much as possible. Join discussion groups, take part in speaking clubs, and utilize language exchange platforms to gain confidence and fluency.ConclusionMastering the English language requires consistent practice and dedication. By focusing on each section of the test - listening, reading, writing, and speaking - and utilizing the techniques provided in this tutorial, you can enhance your test performance and achieve success. Remember, regular practice and exposure to the language are key to progress and improvement.(Note: The given topic is "Simple English Test Tutorial Chapter 1". The format used is a tutorial-style format, providing tips and strategies for each section of the test.)。
英语学业测试三及答案
英语学业测试三及答案Vocabulary1.After earning adegree in creative writing atCarnegie Mello University in Pittsburgh,Lois _______ a job at the Sentinel Star in Orlando, Florida.A. appliedB. lookedC. foundD. did2. They have ________ a hands-on approach to helping poor children and have launched similar programs to provide school supplies.A. takenB. comeC. goneD. approved3. Mutual funds are thus best for investors who don’t want to take the time to study stocks _______ or who _______ the resources to build a portfolio.A. in the detail … lackB. in the detail … lack inC. in detail … lackingD. in detail … lack4. As Blair was in Pakistan on the last ________ of a south Asian diplomatic tour, India ruled out any immediate talks with Pakistan.A. portionB. legC. partD. stage5. A Midwestern farm family _________ after federal financial support and protection was withdrawn.A. went bankruptB. became bankruptC. came brokeD. approached bankrupt6. According to a ________ by IKEA, the top five worries keeping people awake at night are fear of aging, personal finance, own weight.A. summaryB. statisticsC. sampleD. survey7. “_______,” Kane told the boy, “ you’ll be a contender for the O lympic team.”A. Some dayB. SomedayC. Some daysD. Somedays8. Hotel rooms used to be dictated by the seasons, but today hotels are using “yield management,” the same system airlines use to ________ full flights.A. insureB. ensureC. sureD. make sure9. The people who _______ in your life are the ones who care.A. make a differenceB. make a distinctionC. cause a distinctionD. bring a difference10. For many working people, their largest_______ is their ability to produce an income.A. accessB. assetC. accessionD. estate11. If you moonlight _________ of saving those additional dollars.A. make sureB. make a pointC. carefulD. pay attention12. Do you know how many glasses or milk it______ to get you daily calcium?A. requiresB. needsC. takes.D. uses13. Levels of pesticides and other toxins in fish_______ in commercial ponds tendto be much lower than levels in fish caught recreationally.A. raisedB. risenC. grownD. produced14. They had been_______ with each other for years before they actually met in Pittsburgh.A. written B corresponding C. calling D. visiting15. Has it________ to you that he might have thoughtdifferently?A. knownB. happenedC. dawnedD. occurred16. It suddenly ________ on me that I had turned to the wrong person for help.A. dawnedB. occurredC. happenedD. known17. You can help ________ your bones by eating foods containing vitamin D, needed for absorption of calcium.A. remainB. retainC. keepD. maintain18. The amount of time you spend outdoors _________ your skeleton.A. affectsB. effectsC. impairsD. weakens19. During his next race, in the last 100 meters he _______ power and was beaten.A. came out ofB. ran out ofC. became out ofD. went out of20. Hearing the noise outside, the man went cautiously tothe steel-sheathed door, which was _________ by the heavy iron outer grille.A. includeB. reinforcedC. madeD. prevented21. Chris ran into John at a sporting-goods trade show in New York and the two quickly ________ an easy rapport.A. made upB. struck upC. built upD. turned up22. In the South such roads are called cow trails because they are_______ by farm equipment and vehicles that plod along at bovine speed.A. seenB. takenC. frequentedD. occupied23. According to people who have been to the park, it is a place with views that will take your breath___________.A. offB. awayC. onD. down24. He viewed the match in 1998 as a turning ________ in his life.A. placeB. cornerC. positionD. point25. The breakfast at the school cafeteria usually ________ fried eggs, bacon, ham and hash browns.A. consists ofB. is consisted ofC. makes upD. including26. One evening as the manager was leaving the store, Susan and Jane expressed their ________ to him about their safety, being two women working alone at night.A. commentB. ideaC. concernsD. wonder27. Group discussion, moderated by the teacher, give young learners important practice in taking _________ and stating one’s views.A. shiftsB. changesC. turnsD. parts28. Jim says that he is willing to _________tomorrow’s meeting.A. presideB. chairC. leadD. take part29. In all countries it is good manners to behave _____ toward others.A. considerablyB. conscientiouslyC. consciouslyD. considerately30. According to research findings, many suicide ________ are impulsive.A. contemptsB. temptsC. attemptsD. trails31. Opening remarks constitute a warm-up designed to put you _________ and capture the audience’s attention.A. in easeB. at easeC. for easeD. with ease32. These guidelines will prove helpful if you are a high-level executive ________ A group of manages.A. addressingB. SpeakingC. talkingD. discussing33. The boys discovered that they had much more ______ than their mix-race heritage, including a love of basketball, rap music and computers.A. as the commonB. in commonC. commonlyD. with each other34. 34. A portal is a site that serves as a starting point, typically allowing easy ______ to other sites.A. assetB. accessC. reachD. way35. Typing in all capital letters is poor etiquette, Internet etiquette, because it ________shouting.A. equals toB. equatesC. is equivalent toD. is equal36. When my mother saw the school’s adverti sement in the newspaper, she enrolled my older brother and me for music and literature_________.A. causesB. schoolsC. coursesD. assignment37. To my disappointment, it quickly became obvious that I knew _______ nothing about their world.A. next toB. howeverC. quiteD. rather38. Writing has given her a broader ________ on human nature.A. prospectB. aspectC. perspectiveD. interpretation39. Cars are involved in many accidents, and they ____________ heart disease.A. contribute toB. attribute toC. tribute toD. result from40. Most of the workplace accident resulted from backward infrastructure, loopholes in management and________ work safety awareness.A. lacking inB. lack inC. lack ofD. for lack of41. The Prime Minister said that he would stay in power despite the _______ number of members of parliament quitting his party.A. growingB. grownC. growthD. increase42. The managing director has so far categorically refused to make any________ in the report.A. alternativesB. alterationsC. viewsD. disagreements43. After high school, Joanne went to Detroit to take a job in an auto plant, but could not______ the routine and confinement.A. endureB. endowC. endearD. endorse44. Make your controlling idea as specific as possible. You can continually_________ the controlling idea to keep yourself on the right track.A. catch up withB. look up toC. go in forD. check back to45. If you are unsure of your legal rights, you’d better check _______ a lawyer.A. upB. outC. inD. with46. For reasons which are not yet known, the warehouse _____ last Saturday.A. got fireB. caught fireC. afireD. became fire47. Because he did a very poor job and came up with bad results, his boss felt that he hadn’t ________ his responsibilities.A. lived up toB. put up withC. look forward toD. gone in for48. WWF’s “Living planet Report 2002” states that humans are using over 20 percent more nature ________ than can be regenerated.A. sourcesB. environmentC. elementsD. resources49. The article implies that people have realized the dangers of automobiles, and they are becoming less ________ them.A. attached toB. detached fromC. inclined toD. aware of50. His friend suggested that he should _______ advice from the legal department.A. seek forB. seek afterC. seekD. seek out51. The bad news deprived them ________ the hope that there was a safe and socially approved road to success and happiness.A. fromB. withC. aboutD. of52. Most of the employees are said to ______ the proposed new training system.A. objectB. opposeC. disagreeD. opposite53. No one at the meeting seemed to _________ to the closing of the old airport.A. objectB. opposeC. oppositeD. opposed54. Many parents are apparently _______ to the religious education in schools.A. objectB. disagreementC. opposedD. objected55. In 2008, Jenny ________ divorce, saying that her husband physically and psychologically abused he.A. filled in forB. filed forC. sued forD. applied56. “Physicians, “he said, “are more interested in writing ________ and billing patients than caring for and about them.”A. prescriptionsB. descriptionsC. transcriptionsD. subscriptions57. The couple bought their son an annual _______ to the tennis club as a birthday gift.A. prescriptionB. descriptionC. transcriptionD. subscription58. The graduate students in the English department were told to study the phonetic ______of the conversation.A. prescriptionsB. descriptionsC. transcriptionsD. subscriptions59. With a new life, alimony and child support to pay, he struggled to _________.A. make ends meetB. take ends meetC. manage ends to meetD. bring ends to meet60. Branes _________ to involuntary manslaughter, and on May 29, 1981, a judge gave him three years in prison.A. pleaded guiltB. admitted guiltC. pleaded guiltyD. admitted guilty61. Money, the lifestyle and respect in the community were what ________ him.A. causedB. droveC. caughtD. motivated62. The young man seemed to have few regrets for the damage he had _____ on those closest to him.A. inflictedB. afflictedC. conflictedD. relied63. The arguments the writer made in chapter III and chapter VIII obviously _______ with each other.A. inflictedB. afflictedC. conflictedD. contradictory64. It is a disease which mainly _______children below the age of 6.A. inflictsB. afflictsC. conflictsD. effects65. I kept her _________ till her parents returned home.A. the companyB. the companionC. companyD. companion66. Cathy doesn’t care what she eats, but she is very __________about what she wears.A. particularB. caringC. carelessD. demanding67. ____________his right hand left the railing of the bridge, Buttenhoff knew he’d made a mistake.A. InstantlyB. The instantC. At onceD. Whenever68. He had learned the story of these remarkable women from his mother , and he was_________ their courage, passion for life and their inner peace.A. with bewilderment aboutB. for fear ofC. under impression of C in awe of69. Dale said, “I want my parents to be proud of me. I want them to know that what they did for me was not _________”A. in vainB. for vainC. no useD. worthy70. On “Take Your Daughter to Work Day”, I brought my niece to the office with me so she could experience many ________ of being a social worker.A. respectsB. ideasC. reasonsD. aspects71. It is common that some young mothers decide to postpone their ________ and look after their kids at home.A. preparationsB. aspirationsC. inspirationsD. speculations72. The government _______ great importance to intellectual property protection.A. attachesB. putsC. associatesD. emphasizes73. The speaker _________ the importance of adopting a positive attitude towards life.A. attachedB. emphasized onD. pointed74.More ________ the issue of business ethics in the context of economic globalization.A. emphasis should be placed onB. stress should be put aboutC. attention should be paid onD. efforts should be made with75. The investigators __________ the possible consequences of the incident.A. analyzed aboutB. studiedC. discussed aboutD. pointed76. A recent study has shown that the ________ to child care centers, for working mothers, is the all-purpose grandmother, who watches the children and does much of the cleaning, shopping and cooking.A. optionB. choiceC. alternativeD. substitute77.Please contact the supervisor if you have questions _________ the accommodation on campus.A. concerningB. concernedC. concerning withD. concerned about78. Some people don’t want to get up simply because they don’t like the activity that ________ them.B. awaitsC. irritatesD.pleases79. This article states that Indians have had a hard time ________ their pride because they have had many problems.A. maintainingB. remainingC. detainingD. attaining80. Color blindness is a genetically-caused condition in whicha person cannot detect all colors, and this ______ is more common in men than in women.A. faultB. defectC. shortcomingD. diseaseGrammar1. Bees ________ in groups in a hive, and every bee _______ certain work that helps the other members of the group.A. lived (i)B. live…doingC. live…doesD. living…doing2. I hope you _______ your stay in Venice next week.A. enjoyB. are going to enjoyC. would enjoyD. enjoyed3. The Safe Drinking Water Act requires that municipal tapwater _______ for more than 80 contaminants.A. ought to be screenB. be screenedC. need to be screenedD. is to be screened4. _________ the hustle and bustle of the big city, he saved up for years to buy a cottage in the countryside.A. Tiring ofB. Because tired ofC. When tiring ofD. Tired of5. For the first time in her life, she ______ a sense of fulfillment.A. feltB. has feltC. to feelD. has been feeling6. It is the first time that she _______ the moral standards of the community.A. is going to questionB. has questionedC. questionsD. questioned7. It was the second time that he __________ as a counselor ata summer camp.A. workedB. had workedC. could have workedD. must have worked8. The boy listened with amazement until instructor insisted he _______it.A. triedB. tryC. must tryD. would try9. Evidence from a recent study suggests that injuries ________ most likely to occur at social gatherings right after somebody hollers, “Hey everybody, watch this!”A. should beB. beC. areD. were10. It is a legal requirement that you ________ insurance for your car.A. haveB. need to haveC. ought to haveD. must have11. Trying to set a good example for his team members, he was always the first one at practice and the last one ________.A. leavingB. having leftC. being leftD. to leave12. He was said to be the first man _______ around the world in a hot air balloon.A. to travelB. travellingC. having traveledD. traveled13. Failures are more likely to hit __________.A. the unready and the unlucky.B. unready and unluckyC. one unready and unluckyD. each unready and unlucky14. Her mother believed that it wasn’t until Boyle obtained an act ing scholarship _______ she became more willing to take part in social activities.A. whenB. howeverC. thenD. that15. When he learned that he had no choice but ________, jack muttered under his breath, “I hate this stupid road.”A. to driveB. driveC. drivingD. drives16. While _______ college I worked evenings at retail store, and on slow nights my coworkers Susan would often sing along the radio.A. attendedB. attendingC. to attendD. having attended17. Tom _______ fault with the way his wife cooks.A. always findsB. has always foundC. always foundD. is always found18. Why_______ the milk? Does it smell sour?A. do you smellB. are you smellingC. smellsD. does it smell19. The rescue team reported that water _____ cold.A. was feelingB. had been feelingC. feelsD. felt20. The chef _______ the pudding to see if it was sweet enough.A. was tastingB. is tastingC. should tasteD. tates21. Jim is enjoying his holiday in the Arctic. He ________ touristy places and he _______ the cold.A. hated…didn’t mindB. hated…was not mindingC. hates…doesn’t mindD. hates…isn’t minding22. Chuck_________ of emigrating, but I think he should stay where he is.A. thinksB. was thinkingC. is thinkingD. thought23. It is five years since we last ________from him.A. hearB. have heardC. didn’t hearD. heard24. We _______ you were still on holiday. When did you get back?A. thoughtB. have thoughtC. had thoughtD. think25. The fans _______ for six hours, and the movie star still hasn’t turned up.A. waitedB. have waitedC. have been waitedD. wait26. The first tourist who ______ will get a surprise.A. arrivesB. arrivedC. will arriveD. is going to arrive27. Look at the mess you’ve made. You grandma _________ heart attack.A. is going to getB. will getC. getsD. is to get28. Watch out! The roof_______.A. is to collapseB.is going to collapseC.will collapseD. collapse29. No one _______ the suspect without the permission of thepolice.A. is going to contactB. is to contactC. contactsD. contacted30. I ______ to attend my roommate’s wedding, but something came up.A. had wantedB. have wantedC. wantedD. was to want31. He orders me about as though I ______ his wife.A. amB. am going to beC. wereD. have been32. He looked as if he______ a decent meal for a month.A. hasn’t hadB. didn’t haveC. hadn’t hadD. was not going to have33. It is time we ______.A. leftB. leaveC. should leaveD. ought to leave34. Last Sunday we ________ a barbecue party but it rained.A. were havingB. hadC. would haveD. were going to have35. We_____ the contract when the detective phoned us.A. were about to signB. were going to signC. would signD. have signed36. Charlie is gentle by nature, but ______ rude this time.A. isB. is beingC. beingD. seeming37. By the end of next month, they______ the financial report.A. would have completeB. will have complete.C. completeD. will complete38. They would rather read than _______.A. to talkB. talkingC. talkD. talked39. My sister prefers _________ to________.A. talking…readingB. talk… readC. talking… readD. to talk…reading40. -----Shall I give you a check?-----I’d rather you_________ cash.A. payB. paidC. payingD. to pay41. Cathy wants to tell Henry, but I’d rather she________.A. didn’tB. wouldn’tC. won’tD. doesn’t42. Do you want Susan to repair it herself?I’d prefe r her ________ the el ectrician.A. ringB. rangC. to ringD. will ring43. The government doesn’t wish Dr. Smith _______ a professorship at a foreign university.A. will acceptB. to acceptC. acceptsD. accepting44. I’m broke. I wish I ______ so much money.A. didn’t spendB. hadn’t spentC. haven’t spentD. don’t spend45. Learning difficulty _____ in detail in chapter 4.A. will be dealtB. is going to be dealtC. will be dealt withD. will deal with46. The spokesman said that the case_______.A. was been looked intoB. was being lookedC. was being looked intoD. had been looked into47. The superintendent ordered that the area _________.A. evacuatedB. be evacuatedC. being evacuatedD. to be evacuated48. Bill suggested _______ the restaurant but Lucy was against it.A. to sellB. sellingC. should sellD. sell49. Alex suggested that the farm ______ into a golf course but no one liked the idea.A. should be convertedB. being convertedC. been convertedD. to be converted50. Alan’s parents are still wondering who suggested _____ in the car race.A. his taking partB. for his taking partC. his take partD. him to take part51. The instructor forbade _______ mobile phones in the classroom.A. to useB. usingC. for student’s usingD. for students to use52. The instructor forbade the students _____ mobile phones in the classroom.A. useB. usedC. to useD. for use53. John is determined to get a ticket even if it means _________in a queue all night.A. standingB. to standC. standD. will have to stand54. When he declined the job offer, h e didn’t mean _______the company.A. insultingB. wanting to insultC. any insultD. to insult55. I regret ______ that this time I cannot promise you anything.A. to sayB. sayingC. have to sayD. must say56. He has always regretted _____ the opportunity at college.A. not to have takenB. not having takenC. not to takeD. not take57. She tried ______ the name of the boy, but was to think of anything.A. to recallB. recallingC. recallD. recalled58. The tourist tried _________ something funny to get rid of the embarrassment.A. to talk aboutB. talked aboutC. talking aboutD. even talk about59. Even experts have difficulty _____ which depressed patients need protection.A. to decideB. decideC. when to decideD. deciding60. Margaret Mead, who sought _______ the young and old to other in a recent lecture was sympathetic to the young.A. explainingB. to explainC. explanationsD. explained61. In spite of _______ has been said about genetically modified food, most people remain skeptical.A. all whatB. all thatD. all it62. Since they had no cars, the students could do nothing but _____ a lift.A. to thumbB. thumbC. thumbingD. must thumb63. I’m afraid that we have no choice but _____ you to leave.A. to askB. askC. askingD. will ask64. You may eat certain supermarket foods while shopping _______ you save the wrapper the checker ca n ring up the value of what you’ve consumed.A. providedB. howeverC. althoughD. as65. They were fond of snakes and lizards, ________ surprised me.A. whichB. thatC. thisD. it66. The students are allowed to take only such books ____ really necessary.A. as areB. as they areD. as if67. The theme of discussion was _______ we should enter for the competition.A. if or notB. whether or notC. what if or notD. whether if or not68. There is every indication _______ the number of international teaching assistants at universities will remain constant or even grow in the future.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. as69. Metals, __________ shaped into coins, jewelry, plates, or bowls, were an important item of trade between East and West.A. WhetherB. whichC. no matterD. however70. The necklace of ________ looks fabulous.A. youB. yourC. yoursD. yourself71. ________ your warning, we would have crashed the car.A. But forB. WithC. Because ofD. Due to72. Without your encouragement, we ________ long time ago.A. would give up hopeB. wouldn’t give up hopeC. would have given up hopeD. wouldn’t have given up hope73. ________ his parents’ objections, he would have become an artist.A. It had not been forB. Hadn’t it been forC. Had it not been forD. If had not been for74. You will be able to stay with the team provided that you _______ make the same mistake again.A. won’tB. don’tC. are not going toD. didn’t75. Workers seldom commit acts of violence, because they can put their aggression into their work, _________ it physical like the work of a simth, or mental like the work of a scientist.A. beB. wereC. isD. was76. Under no circumstance ________ to sell the land.A. will agreeB. they will agreeC. will agree theyD. will they agree77. __________ that we could hardly see the road sign.A. So dense the fag wasB. Such dense fog wasC. So dense was the fogD. So the fog was dense78. These are imitation pearls.___________.A. So are theyB. Such they areC. So they areD. Such are they79. Not until after they reached the top of the mountain____________.A. that they believeB. did they believeC. when they believedD. then they believed80. Next in line______, probably in her late 60s, wearing royal blue slacks and a white blouse.A. was a blond womanB. saw a blond womanC. a blond woman wasD. found a blond woman。
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第三章：考试要素 教学目标： １、通过本课学习使学生了解影响考试质量的要素有考试信度、考试效度、真实性、交互性、后效作用、可操作性； ２、了解如何保证考试的信度和考试的效度； ３、正确理解考试信度和效度的关系。 教学手段：讲解、讨论，多媒体辅助
一、考试信度： 考试结果的可靠性和稳定性。拿同一份试卷对同一组学生实施两次或多次考试，如果考试结果很一致，那就说明该测试的信度很高。
例1 Test A 是一个水平测试，满分为100分。一个20人的自然班用此卷先考了两次，以下是两次成绩。
Student No First Administration Second administration 1001 60 69 1002 70 60 1003 78 75 1004 67 75 1005 55 50 1006 89 87 1007 80 83 1008 75 70 1009 90 89 1010 66 76 1011 74 65 1012 40 42 1013 79 73 1014 65 66 1015 82 83 1016 67 60 1017 58 64 1018 61 64 1019 70 66 1020 84 82 结果分析：部分学生两次成绩差距较大，有一半成绩的差距在3分以上。两次学生的排序也发生较大的变化。
Student No First Administration Student No Second administration 1009 90 1009 89
1006 89 1006 87 1020 84 1007 82 1015 82 1015 83 1007 80 1020 83 1013 79 1010 73 1003 78 1003 75 1008 75 1004 70 1011 74 1013 65 1002 70 1008 60 1019 70 1001 66 1004 67 1014 75 1016 67 1019 60 1010 66 1011 76 1014 65 1017 66 1018 61 1018 64 1001 60 1002 69 1017 58 1016 64 1005 55 1005 50 1012 40 1012 42
例2 Test B 是另一个水平测试卷，满分100分，一个20人的自然班用此卷先后考了两次，以下是两次的成绩。
Student No First Administration Second Administration 1001 77 75
1002 68 66 1003 55 53 1004 80 78 1005 85 82 1006 68 67 1007 76 74 1008 81 81 1009 85 83 1010 64 63 1011 61 60 1012 79 78 1013 86 84 1014 58 60 1015 73 72 1016 72 71 1017 80 80 1018 62 61 1019 74 74 1020 87 86
情况分析：两次考试成绩之间的差距很小，往下浮动幅度仅在一二分之间，且部分分数保持一致。
三种测定考试信度的方法 1． 重复测量法： 通过对同一组学生重复使用同一份试卷来确定试卷的信度。是求两次施考之间的一致性（consistency over time） 注意事项 1．控制相隔时间段的教学内容，以保证学生学习进展的一致性 2．两次考试间隔时间不宜过短。否则学生第二次考试可能会凭记忆答题。 3．为了减少记忆力因素的影响，可以重新调整题目的选项的顺序。如 第一次考试 Can you think of a ______ excuse for our being late? A. flexible B. reliable C. favorable D. reasonable
第二次考试 Can you think of a _______ excuse for our being late. A. reasonable B. favorable C. reliable D. flexible
缺点 1．这种考试的可靠性基于一个同步性假设之上：在两次考试之间学生在学习上都没有或获得新的进展。如果在此期间一部分学生的学习成绩发生变化，而另一部分保持原状，那么第二次考试的分数与第一次的相比就会出现差异。因而两组分数中就缺乏稳定性。 2．有许多偶然因素会影响重复测试的可靠性，如学生学习积极性的高低，对考试形式的熟悉程度。
2．平行卷测试法 通过A, B卷的形式求得考试的一致性（consistent in form）。先让学生做两套试卷，随后分析考试结果。考试信度是通过两组分数的比较而求得，分数之间的一致性将决定考试信度。
优点：平行卷测试法不牵涉的时间的间隔性，A、B卷可以先后完成，或隔一两天完成。 注意事项：A、B卷的制作要求较高，两份试卷被视为完全等同的试卷，在考试内容、题目难度、试题数量、施考时间，甚至题目顺序等方面都必须吻合。 要求教师在命题过程中严格按照规则操作。两套试卷内的题目必须经过预测及分析，以确定它们的一致性。
3．对半分析法 （split-half method） 只进行一次测试，然后将试题的题号按奇偶数分成两半，计算两半所得分数的高低排列的相关性 把一份试卷看作为两个相对独立且对应的部分，通过对这两个部分分数的比较以获得整份试卷的信度 两个部分分数的一致性越高，试卷的信度也就相应地越高。 对半分析法也常被称为求内部一致性的方法（internal consistency）
影响考试信度的因素： 1．试题的量是否足够大。试卷只有保证有足够的量，才能保证试卷的覆盖面更为合理。理论上讲，题目越多，信度越高。 2．题目是否属于同一性质，即试题是否属于同一范畴。如英语试题中不能插入其他科目的题目。 3．题目区分度是否高。题目能否把考生中好的和差的区分开来。考试的区分能力越高，测试的信度就越高。 4．考试之间的差异性是否大。即考生的分数分布情况是否呈中间大、两头小的状态。考生分数的分散情况越大，信度越高。 5．题目难易度适中。题目太难或太易都会影响题目的区分度，从而影响测试的信度。 6．评分是否客观。如果不同的评卷人会得出不同的分数，或者同一评卷人两次阅卷容易得出不同的分数，那么这套试题的信度就会较差。
二、考试效度 考试达到其预期测试意图的程度。一套测试所考的是否就是设计人想要考的内容。
如教师编制了一套口试题目，来测试学生口头表达所选择的语言功能的能力，如inviting, accepting, refusing, thanking。测试结果显示这套题目的确检查了学生在规定方面的能力，我们可以说这套口试题目具有效度。 如国外某次大学入学考试中一个测验写作能力的题目是：“Is photography an art or science? Discuss”。这种题目是无效的，因为他要求考试首先懂得摄影，才有写作而言，因此只能对个别学生有利。
1．表面效度 表面效度是指考试的“表面可信或公众的可接受度”（surface credibility or public acceptability）。按照常理，一个考试看上去测试了预定的技能或能力范畴，那么这个考试就具有表面效度。 如口语旨在测试学生口语能力的考试的确让学生开口说英语，或测试英语书面表达能力的考试让学生写一篇文章。这类让学生直接运用被测试能力的考试属于表面效度高的考试。 如果测试学生语音语调的考试通过笔头答题形式完成的话，很难说这个考试具有表面效度，原因是这种考试方式与语言运用实际方式之间的差距较大。 直接考试具有表面效度，而间接考试则缺乏表面效度。
2. 内容效度 试卷试题内容是否代表了它应测量的内容。 一测量工具①内容上（包括材料、题目）的代表性或②所选内容的充分性（sampling adequacy）
某一阅读课程接受时要举行期末考试，根据教学大纲的要求，本学期所教授的阅读技能主要有以下几种： Recognizing the script of a language Deducing the meaning and use of unfamiliar lexical items Understanding explicitly stated information Understanding implicitly stated information Understanding the communicative value of sentences Understanding relations within the sentence
阅读材料包括小故事、信或明信片、报刊杂志上的文章节选，广告等 题材涵盖文学、文化、政治、历史、日常生活等范畴。 出卷时如何坚固到内容效度？ 1．所选材料内容的覆盖面要广，要反映出教学内容的特点，即要有代表性 2．被测试的技能应明确具有代表性，要避免题目过多地集中在某几项技能上 3． 所选材料和技能都应在规定的范围内，即内容的关联性
3. 尺度关联效度 尺度关联效度主要指的是本考试与某一个“独立并且相当可靠的学生能力测量工具”之间的联系。如果两者之间的关联度高，考试就具有尺度关联效度。 尺度关联效度分为：共时效度和预测效度
1共时效度