小说A&P中社会准则和个人需求的矛盾冲突之分析
【英文原版小说】欧·亨利短篇小说-TheLastLeaf最后一片叶子
The Last Leaf最后一片叶子IIn a little district west of Washington Square the streets have run crazy and broken themselves into small strips called "places." These "places" make strange angles and curves. One Street crosses itself a time or two. An artist once discovered a valuable possibility in this street. Suppose a collector with a bill for paints, paper and canvas should, in traversing this route, suddenly meet himself coming back, without a cent having been paid on account!So, to quaint old Greenwich Village the art people soon came prowling, hunting for north windows and eighteenth-century gables and Dutch attics and low rents. Then they imported some pewter mugs and a chafing dish or two from Sixth Avenue, and became a "colony."At the top of a squatty, three-story brick Sue and Johnsy had their studio. "Johnsy" was familiar for Joanna. One was from Maine; the other from California. They had met at the table d'h?te of an Eighth Street "Delmonico's," and found their tastes in art, chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that the joint studio resulted.That was in May. In November a cold, unseen stranger, whom the doctors called Pneumonia, stalked about the colony, touching one here and there with his icy fingers.Over on the east side this ravager strode boldly, smiting his victims by scores, but his feet trod slowly through the maze of the narrow and moss-grown "places."Mr. Pneumonia was not what you would call a chivalric old gentleman. A mite of a little woman with blood thinned by California zephyrs was hardly fair game for the red-fisted, short-breathed old duffer. But Johnsy he smote; and she lay, scarcely moving, on her painted iron bedstead, looking through the small Dutch window-panes at the blank side of the next brick house.One morning the busy doctor invited Sue into the hallway with a shaggy, grey eyebrow."She has one chance in - let us say, ten," he said, as he shook down the mercury in his clinical thermometer. " And that chance is for her to want to live. This way people have of lining-u on the side of the undertaker makes the entire pharmacopoeia look silly. Your little lady has made up her mind that she's not going to get well.Has she anything on her mind?""She - she wanted to paint the Bay of Naples some day." said Sue."Paint? - bosh! Has she anything on her mind worth thinking twice - a man for instance?""A man?" said Sue, with a jew's-harp twang in her voice. "Is a man worth - but, no, doctor; there is nothing of the kind.""Well, it is the weakness, then," said the doctor. "I will do all that science, so far as it may filter through my efforts, can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral procession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines. If you will get her to ask one question about the new winter styles in cloak sleeves I will promise you a one-in-five chance for her, instead of one in ten."After the doctor had gone Sue went into the workroom and cried a Japanese napkin to a pulp. Then she swaggered into Johnsy's room with her drawing board, whistling ragtime.Johnsy lay, scarcely making a ripple under the bedclothes, with her face toward the window. Sue stopped whistling, thinking she was asleep.She arranged her board and began a pen-and-ink drawing to illustrate a magazine story. Young artists must pave their way to Art by drawing pictures for magazine stories that young authors write to pave their way to Literature.As Sue was sketching a pair of elegant horseshow riding trousers and a monocle of the figure of the hero, an Idaho cowboy, she heard a low sound, several times repeated. She went quickly to the bedside.Johnsy's eyes were open wide. She was looking out the window and counting - counting backward."Twelve," she said, and little later "eleven"; and then "ten," and "nine"; and then "eight" and "seven", almost together.Sue look solicitously out of the window. What was there to count? There was only a bare, dreary yard to be seen, and the blank side of the brick house twenty feet away.An old, old ivy vine, gnarled and decayed at the roots, climbed half way up the brick wall. The cold breath of autumn had stricken its leaves from the vine until its skeleton branches clung, almost bare, to the crumbling bricks."What is it, dear?" asked Sue."Six," said Johnsy, in almost a whisper. "They're falling faster now. Three days ago there were almost a hundred. It made my head ache to count them. But now it's easy.There goes another one. There are only five left now.""Five what, dear? Tell your Sudie.""Leaves. On the ivy vine. When the last one falls I must go, too. I've known that for three days. Didn't the doctor tell you?""Oh, I never heard of such nonsense," complained Sue, with magnificent scorn. "What have old ivy leaves to do with your getting well? And you used to love that vine so, you naughty girl. Don't be a goosey. Why, the doctor told me this morning that your chances for getting well real soon were - let's see exactly what he said - he said the chances were ten to one! Why, that's almost as good a chance as we have in New York when we ride on the street cars or walk past a new building. Try to take some broth now, and let Sudie go back to her drawing, so she can sell the editor man with it, and buy port wine for her sick child, and pork chops for her greedy self." "You needn't get any more wine," said Johnsy, keeping her eyes fixed out the window. "There goes another. No, I don't want any broth. That leaves just four. I want to see the last one fall before it gets dark. Then I'll go, too.""Johnsy, dear," said Sue, bending over her, "will you promise me to keep your eyes closed, and not look out the window until I am done working? I must hand those drawings in by to-morrow. I need the light, or I would draw the shade down.""Couldn't you draw in the other room?" asked Johnsy, coldly."I'd rather be here by you," said Sue. "Beside, I don't want you to keep looking at those silly ivy leaves.""Tell me as soon as you have finished," said Johnsy, closing her eyes, and lying white and still as fallen statue, "because I want to see the last one fall. I'm tired of waiting. I'm tired of thinking. I want to turn loose my hold on everything, and go sailing down, down, just like one of those poor, tired leaves.""Try to sleep," said Sue. "I must call Behrman up to be my model for the old hermit miner. I'll not be gone a minute. Don't try to move 'til I come back."Old Behrman was a painter who lived on the ground floor beneath them. He was past sixty and had a Michael Angelo's Moses beard curling down from the head of a satyr along with the body of an imp. Behrman was a failure in art. Forty years he had wielded the brush without getting near enough to touch the hem of his Mistress's robe.He had been always about to paint a masterpiece, but had never yet begun it. For several years he had painted nothing except now and then a daub in the line of commerce or advertising. He earned a little by serving as a model to those young artists in the colony who could not pay the price of a professional. He drank gin to excess, and still talked of his coming masterpiece. For the rest he was a fierce little old man, who scoffed terribly at softness in any one, and who regarded himself as especial mastiff-in-waiting to protect the two young artists in the studio above.Sue found Behrman smelling strongly of juniper berries in his dimly lighted den below. In one corner was a blank canvas on an easel that had been waiting there for twenty-five years to receive the first line of the masterpiece. She told him of Johnsy's fancy, and how she feared she would, indeed, light and fragile as a leaf herself, float away, when her slight hold upon the world grew weaker.Old Behrman, with his red eyes plainly streaming, shouted his contempt and derision for such idiotic imaginings."Vass!" he cried. "Is dere people in de world mit der foolishness to die because leafs dey drop off from a confounded vine? I haf not heard of such a thing. No, I will not bose as a model for your fool hermit-dunderhead. Vy do you allow dot silly pusiness to come in der brain of her? Ach, dot poor leetle Miss Yohnsy.""She is very ill and weak," said Sue, "and the fever has left her mind morbid and full of strange fancies. Very well, Mr. Behrman, if you do not care to pose for me, you needn't. But I think you are a horrid old - old flibbertigibbet.""You are just like a woman!" yelled Behrman. "Who said I will not bose? Go on. I come mit you. For half an hour I haf peen trying to say dot I am ready to bose. Gott! dis is not any blace in which one so goot as Miss Yohnsy shall lie sick. Some day I vill baint a masterpiece, and ve shall all go away. Gott! yes."Johnsy was sleeping when they went upstairs. Sue pulled the shade down to the window-sill, and motioned Behrman into the other room. In there they peered out the window fearfully at the ivy vine. Then they looked at each other for a moment without speaking. A persistent, cold rain was falling, mingled with snow. Behrman, in his old blue shirt, took his seat as the hermit miner on an upturned kettle for a rock.When Sue awoke from an hour's sleep the next morning she found Johnsy with dull, wide-open eyes staring at the drawn green shade."Pull it up; I want to see," she ordered, in a whisper.Wearily Sue obeyed.But, lo! after the beating rain and fierce gusts of wind that had endured through the livelong night, there yet stood out against the brick wall one ivy leaf. It was the last one on the vine. Still dark green near its stem, with its serrated edges tinted with the yellow of dissolution and decay, it hung bravely from the branch some twenty feet above the ground."It is the last one," said Johnsy. "I thought it would surely fall during the night. I heard the wind. It will fall to-day, and I shall die at the same time.""Dear, dear!" said Sue, leaning her worn face down to the pillow, "think of me, if you won't think of yourself. What would I do?"But Johnsy did not answer. The lonesomest thing in all the world is a soul when it is making ready to go on its mysterious, far journey. The fancy seemed to possess her more strongly as one by one the ties that bound her to friendship and to earth were loosed.The day wore away, and even through the twilight they could see the lone ivy leaf clinging to itsstem against the wall. And then, with the coming of the night the north wind was again loosed, while the rain still beat against the windows and pattered down from the low Dutch eaves. When it was light enough Johnsy, the merciless, commanded that the shade be raised.The ivy leaf was still there.Johnsy lay for a long time looking at it. And then she called to Sue, who was stirring her chicken broth over the gas stove."I've been a bad girl, Sudie," said Johnsy. "Something has made that last leaf stay there to show me how wicked I was. It is a sin to want to die. You may bring a me a little broth now, and some milk with a little port in it, and - no; bring me a hand-mirror first, and then pack some pillows about me, and I will sit up and watch you cook."And hour later she said:"Sudie, some day I hope to paint the Bay of Naples."The doctor came in the afternoon, and Sue had an excuse to go into the hallway as he left. "Even chances," said the doctor, taking Sue's thin, shaking hand in his. "With good nursing you'll win." And now I must see another case I have downstairs. Behrman, his name is - some kind of an artist, I believe. Pneumonia, too. He is an old, weak man, and the attack is acute. There is no hope for him; but he goes to the hospital to-day to be made more comfortable."The next day the doctor said to Sue: "She's out of danger. You won. Nutrition and care now - that's all."And that afternoon Sue came to the bed where Johnsy lay, contentedly knitting a very blue and very useless woollen shoulder scarf, and put one arm around her, pillows and all."I have something to tell you, white mouse," she said. "Mr. Behrman died of pneumonia to-day in the hospital. He was ill only two days. The janitor found him the morning of the first day in his room downstairs helpless with pain. His shoes and clothing were wet through and icy cold. They couldn't imagine where he had been on such a dreadful night. And then they found a lantern, still lighted, and a ladder that had been dragged from its place, and some scattered brushes, and a palette with green and yellow colours mixed on it, and - look out the window, dear, at the last ivy leaf on the wall. Didn't you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling, it's Behrman's masterpiece - he painted it there the night that the last leaf fell."在华盛顿广场西边的一个小区里，街道都横七竖八地伸展开去，又分裂成一小条一小条的“胡同”。
外国英语小说带翻译
外国英语小说带翻译The Great Gatsby 《了不起的盖茨比》。
The Great Gatsby is a novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, which was first published in 1925. The story is set in the summer of 1922 and revolves around the lives of Jay Gatsby, a wealthy young man, and his love for Daisy Buchanan, a married woman.The novel is narrated by Nick Carraway, a young man from the Midwest who moves to New York to work in the bond business. He becomes neighbors with Gatsby, who throws extravagant parties in the hope that Daisy will attend. Nick becomes friends with Gatsby and learns about his past and his obsession with Daisy.The novel explores themes of love, wealth, and the American Dream. Gatsby's pursuit of wealth and status is fueled by his desire to win Daisy's love, but ultimately leads to his downfall. The characters in the novel are allflawed, with their own desires and motivations.Fitzgerald's writing is known for its lyrical prose andvivid descriptions of the Jazz Age.The Great Gatsby has been adapted into several films, including the 2013 Baz Luhrmann version starring Leonardo DiCaprio as Gatsby and Carey Mulligan as Daisy. The novel continues to be a popular choice for literature classes and book clubs, and is considered a classic of American literature.《了不起的盖茨比》是F. Scott Fitzgerald所写的小说，首次出版于1925年。
什么是小说英语作文
什么是小说英语作文A novel is a work of fiction that tells a story through prose, typically involving characters, plot, setting, and themes. It's a form of literature that allows authors to explore various aspects of the human experience, provoke thought, evoke emotions, and entertain readers.Novels written in English span a wide range of genres, from romance to mystery, science fiction to historical fiction, and everything in between. They can vary greatlyin style, tone, and narrative technique, offering readers a diverse array of storytelling experiences.One of the defining features of a novel is its length and complexity. Unlike shorter forms of fiction like short stories or novellas, novels are usually longer and offer more intricate plots and character development. This extended format allows authors to delve deeper into their characters' motivations, relationships, and conflicts, as well as to explore complex themes and ideas over the courseof hundreds of pages.In addition to providing entertainment, novels often serve as a reflection of society, offering commentary on social, cultural, and political issues of the time. They can also provide insights into human nature and the human condition, helping readers to better understand themselves and the world around them.Overall, a novel in English is a rich and multifaceted form of literature that offers readers the opportunity to immerse themselves in imaginary worlds, explore diverse perspectives, and engage with complex ideas. Whether it's a classic work of literature or a contemporary bestseller, a well-crafted novel has the power to captivate, inspire, and leave a lasting impact on its readers.。
好看俄语小说带翻译
好看俄语小说带翻译Russian Novels with Beautiful Language: A Journey into the World of Russian Literature。
Russian literature has a long and rich history, with numerous authors producing works that are renowned fortheir beauty and depth. From the classic novels of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy to the modern works of Bulgakov and Pasternak, Russian literature has something to offer everyone. In this article, we will explore some of the most beautiful Russian novels and their translations into English.1. Crime and Punishment by Fyodor Dostoevsky。
Crime and Punishment is a classic novel that explores the themes of morality, guilt, and redemption. The story follows the life of Rodion Raskolnikov, a poor student who decides to commit a murder in order to prove his theorythat some people are above the law. The novel is known forits psychological depth and its exploration of the human psyche. The English translation by Constance Garnett is considered to be one of the best translations of the novel.2. Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy。
六篇英语短篇小说作文
六篇英语短篇小说作文Sure, I'd be happy to help you with six short English stories. Here they are:Story 1: The Forgotten Treasure。
Once upon a time, in a quaint little village nestled amidst rolling hills, there lived a young boy named Tom. Tom was an adventurous soul, always seeking excitement beyond the boundaries of his small town. One day, while exploring the forest on the outskirts of the village, he stumbled upon an old, tattered map buried beneath a pile of leaves.Intrigued by the mysterious markings on the map, Tom decided to follow its directions. After hours of trekking through the dense forest, he finally arrived at a clearing where an ancient oak tree stood tall. With bated breath, Tom began to dig at the base of the tree, unearthing a wooden chest filled with glittering jewels and preciouscoins.Overwhelmed with joy, Tom realized he had discovered the long-forgotten treasure of a legendary pirate who once roamed the seas. With his newfound wealth, Tom was able to transform his village into a thriving community, ensuring that its residents never forgot the tale of the forgotten treasure hidden in their midst.Story 2: The Magical Paintbrush。
2024年中考语文一轮复习——小说阅读课件
5、人物类试题答题思路： 人物（自身的性格特点，与另一个人物烘托、映衬、反衬）→ 情节（人物性格决定情节发展）→主题（突显某种主题） 通过人物的描写（语言、行动、心理、肖像、细节）分析人物的 性格特征，然后根据题目要求作答。 根据要求组织语言表达：XX是一个……的人物形象。作为什么人， 他怎么样，表现了他怎样的性格（思想品质）。
事情E 节
知识点3： 小说考题主 要命题方向
C
知识点6： 小说中的人
物形F 象
知识点1：走近小说
小说是以刻画人物为中心，通过完整的故事情节 （序幕、开端、发展、高潮、结局、尾声）和具体 的环境描写来反映社会生活的一种文学体裁。
小说有三个要素：人物、情节、环境（自然环境 和社会环境）。
知识点1： 走进小说
A
知识点4： 小说中的环
境D描写
知识点2： 小说的考点
B
知识点5： 小说中的故
事情E 节
知识点3： 小说考题主 要命题方向
C
知识点6： 小说中的人
物形F 象
知识点2：小说的考点
小说的命题指向四个关键词：环境、情节、人物、主题。 具体来说可以分为以下几方面：
（1）把握故事情节； （2）揣摩人物形象； （3）注意环境描写； （4）概括主题内容； （5）品味语言特色。
（1）社会环境——故事发生的时代背景。 作用： ①交待人物活动及其成长的时代背景，揭示了各种复杂的 社会关系； ②交代人物身份，表现人物性格；或影响或决定人物性格； ③揭示社会本质特征，揭示主题。
（2）自然环境——人物活动的具体场景，如地点、气候、 时间、景色、场面等。 作用： ①自身的、独立的审美价值：表现地域风光，提示时间、 季节和环境特点； ②渲染气氛，为后边刻画人物作铺垫； ③烘托人物性格，或某种心理； ④展开、推动情节发展； ⑤深化主旨；⑥象征和暗示。
小说系统面板模板
小说系统面板模板A区：角色个人的属性B区：对角色在剧情中的安排C区：是以B区的信息为参考标准，对该角色与其他角色互动的模拟D区：是写给作者自己进行参阅的东西，不建议公开其中带*的为不可对读者公开剧情（涉及剧透）A-1：自然属性全名：姓：名：命名方式（名字来由）：种族：昵称/外号/称号：年龄：性别：体重：发色：瞳色：外貌特征：衣着风格（喜好）：常穿服饰：经常携带的武器或道具：语癖或习惯性动作：A-2:人物定位（为你的人物确立一个位置，让他更好的执行这个位置该做的事）角色小说身份（男/女一号、主角或者boss等）：角色站位（身为正派/反派或者是旁观者等）：与故事主角的关系：与其他角色的关系（主要角色）：角色团队定位（身为一个团队的战斗力/智囊或是搞笑担当/吐槽担当/卖萌担当）：*推动剧情需要（某些工具人属性，用于引起某些特定剧情—比如说挂掉让主角爆发）：A-3：社会属性职业：性格以及导致这种性格的原因：特长/能力：信仰：优点：缺点：社会或其他人对此人的看法或印象：A-4：情感因素重要的东西（大都是象征着与该角色所重视的人之间的羁绊的物件）：重要的情感（信赖的人/爱情/友情/仇恨）：与故事重要角色之间的情感（亲情/爱情/友情/仇恨）：喜欢的东西（食物/事情）；讨厌的东西：目标或追求：信念或信仰：处事准则：底线或逆鳞：自己不会逾越界限去做的事情：因为某种情感而经常做的事情：B-1：角色与读者的互动（希望）给读者的印象（通常是在故事中初次登场时给人的第一印象）：B-2：人物剧情概述/经历（在这里，须对角色的过去、现在有一个概括性的交代，以便于日后作为参考的标准）：过去：现在：*与主角的相遇：*后期预设的重要剧情：*预设角色结局：C-1：角色随笔追加部分（此处是比较随意的部分，凡是能够体现角色个性的，诸如台词、动作、场景、内心独白都可以在这里记录下来，并对之进行分析以更好地掌握角色之于故事整体的作用）：C-2：小剧场小说其他角色对该角色的评价（此处是通过角色间的互动来深入描绘出选中角色）：D-1：灵感来源。
小说用英语怎么说
小说用英语怎么说小说是以刻画人物形象为中心，通过完整的故事情节和环境描写来反映社会生活的文学体裁。
人物、情节、环境是小说的三要素。
那么你知道小说用英语怎么说吗?下面来学习一下吧。
小说的英语说法1：novel小说的英语说法2：fiction小说的英语说法3：story小说的相关短语：低俗小说 Pulp Fiction ; Jack rabbit slim ; ; Hunnybunny爱情小说 romance novel ; Novel of Love ; love story ; Bodice ripper长篇小说 novel ; saga novel ; Proto-novel ; First novel同人小说 fan fiction ; Fan fiction archive ; Virtual series微型小说 flash fiction ; short ; Micro fiction ; novelette手机小说 Cell phone novel ; Keitai shousetsu ; Mobile phone novel ; M-novel网络小说Web fiction ; hypertext fiction ; Network novel ; Hyperfiction言情小说 sentimental novel ; romantic fiction ;romantic novel 连载小说 serial ; continued story ; a day-to-day story小说的英语例句：1. Fiction takes up a large slice of the publishing market.小说在出版市场上占了很大的份额。
2. With one exce-ption his novels are shallow and lifeless things.他的小说都是些肤浅沉闷的玩意儿，只有一本除外。
项链英文小说带翻译
项链英文小说带翻译The Necklace: A Story of Love and Loss。
项链，一段关于爱与失落的故事。
Once upon a time, there was a young couple deeply in love. They had been together for several years and were planning to get married soon. The young man, Jack, wanted to give his beloved fiancée, Lily, a special gift to show his love and commitment to her. He decided to buy her a beautiful necklace, one that would sparkle and shine just like her eyes.从前，有一对深爱的年轻情侣。
他们在一起已经几年了，计划很快就要结婚。
年轻的男人杰克想要给他心爱的未婚妻莉莉一份特别的礼物，以表达他对她的爱和承诺。
他决定给她买一条漂亮的项链，一条会像她的眼睛一样闪耀和发光的项链。
Jack spent weeks searching for the perfect necklace. He went to every jewelry store in town, but nothing seemed tomeet his standards. Finally, he stumbled upon a small boutique that had a necklace that caught his eye. It was made of delicate gold chains and had a single diamond pendant in the center. Jack knew that this was the one.杰克花了几个星期的时间寻找完美的项链。
福克纳小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰a rose for emily赏析
福克纳小说献给艾米丽的玫瑰a rose for emily赏析《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》是菲利普·威廉斯·福克纳写于1930年作品中的一篇短篇小说，融合了悲剧、哀思、爱情和时代话题，深受读者喜爱。
小说说述了南方小镇斯威普霍尔特一位名叫艾米丽的老小姐的故事：艾米丽的青春期起先幸福美满，但她的母亲和父亲过早逝世，之后社会环境也更加糟糕，使她的全部世界被封锁，甚至连其朝思暮想都无法触及。
更糟糕的是，艾米丽还不得不忍受一个深恶痛绝的绝密，但最终，在小镇居民们的渗透下，关于艾米丽的秘密也慢慢浮出了水面，小说结束的时候，艾米丽究竟是用了无法用言语表达的情感支付了代价，还是以某种求死的友情洒脱的到底成未可知。
《献给艾米丽的玫瑰》用一个苦难的少女艾米丽的故事，对英雄主义和爱情的一次再次探讨，让我们进入艾米丽无法跨越的牢笼，更是让我们理解她不能承受的“献给艾米丽的玫瑰”，也看到了艾米丽赴死坚持到最后，赢得自由的英勇牺牲，而在最后，艾米丽的秘密，却成为了艾米丽永远的伙伴，也深深融入了每个人的心里。
小说中艾米丽的这一段经历，展现了作家给与人生深思的状态，他试图突出艾米丽曾一度坚强与孤独的宏大仪式，还有她曾以愤怒与悲伤来抗争有偏见的社会外在文化。
他进一步指出，尽管人们费尽心机介入艾米丽的世界，但最后，艾米丽仍然站立在某个难以表达的世界中，就像一朵玫瑰一样，在经历风雨的洗礼后，艾米丽的骄傲与挚爱依然一直伴随着她的一生，永不凋零。
艾米丽的人物形象，启发读者直至今天仍在反思，却仍旧无法确定小说里实际上发生了什么，比如，艾米丽是怎样承受了这一切的折磨？最后，她到底做出了什么选择？艾米丽强颜欢笑以维持下去，也让我们意识到了活着的每一刻的珍贵，也让人明白到，在一个被遗忘的世界里，人总是不得不自强，继续活下去，最终，她站在乐观与悲哀的路口，把守着一份绝密的爱情，这份爱情，给了她勇气，让她走到终点。
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语次母刊（龙教・外成版）２００７年第８期
ＴｈｅＣ０ｎｔｒａＳｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＳ０ＣｉａｌＣｒｉｔｅｒｉ０ｎａｎｄＩｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌＲｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｎＡ＆Ｐ
ｏＺｈａｏｊｉｎｇｐｅｎｇ’，ＭａＬｉＺ（１．ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＨｕ二ａｎｉｔｘＡｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｓｃｌｅｎｃｅ，Ｂｅｉｊ鳍Ｊｉａｏｔｏ鳍Ｕｎ俪ｒｓｉｔｒ，Ｂｅｉｊ’叮，Ｃｈｉｎａｌ０００４４；２．ＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＬａ鳍ｕａ岁Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ，ｏｃｅａｎＵｎ诚ｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａ，Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，Ｓｈａ鳍ｄｏ鳍，Ｃｈｉｎａ２６６０７１）
［Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ］Ｊ旅ｎｕｐｄｉｋ。１。：ｋｅｅｎ。ｂｓｅｒｖｅ，ｏｆｈｕｍａｎ玩ｉｎｇ，。ｌｉｖｉｎｇ。ｎｄｍｅｎ回。ｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ．Ｍｏｓ：。ｆｈｉ。ｗｏ论，。ｒｅｄｅａｌｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｏｎｅｔｈｅｍｅ：ｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｂｕｍａｎｎｅｅｄｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉｅｔｙ，ｓｄｅｍ朋ｄｓ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｐｂｉｌｏｓｏｐｂ－ｉｃａｌｆｏｒｃｅ。１。ｍａｎ流ｓｔｅｄｉｎｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓａｓｂｏｔｂｔｒａｎｓｃｅｎｄｅｎｔａｌａ”ｄｉｎｔｕｉｔｉｖｅｉｍＰｕｌｓｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｐｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｉｄｅｎｔｉｆｙｉｎｇｗｉ山ｔｈｅｓ二ｉａｌｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｓ．ＴｈｅｓｅｔｗｏｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｌｉｎｅａｔｅｄｉｎＪｏｈｎＵＰｄｉｋｅ，ｓｗｏｒｋｓ，ｂｕｔｎｅｉｔｈｅｒｏｆｔｈｅｍｉｓｒｅｇａｒｄｅｄａｓａｐｅｒｆｅｃｔｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｔｏｔｂｅｃｏ祖ｉｃｔ．［Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ］。ｏｌｈｓｉｏｎ；ｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕ目ｒｅｑｕｅｓｔ；。ｏｃｉａｌｃ“ｔｅｄｏｎ［中图分类号］１１０６．４【文献标识码』Ａ［文章编号］１６７２一８６１０（２００７）０５毛０５３刃３
１注ｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ ＴｈｅＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌ９６０ｓｗａｓａｔｏｒｂｕｌｅｎｔｔｉｍｅ：ｔｈｅｗａｒｖｅｒｓｕｓＶｉｅｔｎａｍ，ｔｈｅｃｉｖｉｌｒｉｇｈｔｓｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｓ，ｓｅｘｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｏｆｆａｍｉｌｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ［‘１．Ｔｈｉｓｅｎ－ｔｉｒｅｓｏｃｉａｌｔｒｅｎｄｈａｄａｆａｒ一ｆｅｔｃｈｉｎｇａｎｄＰｒｏｆｏｕｎｄｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｎｈｕｍａｎｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｓ．Ａｔｔｈａｔｔｉｍｅ，ＪｏｈｎＵｐｄｉｋｅａｓｏｎｅＯｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｒｅＰｒｅｓｅｎｔａｔｉｖｅｗｒｉｔｅｒｓｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｎｌｉｔｅｒ－ａｔｕｒｅｈａｄｓｈｏｗｅｄｈｉｓｔａｌｅｎｔｉｎｄｅａｌｉｎｇｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｒａｎｓｃｅｎａｅｎｔａｌａｎｄｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎ．［’］Ｂｅｉｎｇａｆｅｃｔｅｄ
ｂｙｔｈｅｅｘｉｓｔｅｎｔｉａｌｉｓｍ，ｈｉｓｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｓａｌｗ叮ｓｉｇｎｏｒｅｄｔｈｅｒｅａｌｗｏｒｌｄａｒｏｕｎｄｔｈｅｍｂｙｉｎｔｕｉｔｉｏｎ，ｂｕｔｃｏｕｌｄｎ，ｔｒｅａｌｌｙｇｅｔｏｕｔｏｆｉｔ．５０，ｔｈｅｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｒｅ－ｑｕｅｓｔｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｃｒｉｔｅｒｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｔｕｉｔｉｏｎａｌｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｖｅｒ－ｓｕｓｓｏｃｉａｌｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｉｓｍｂｅｃａｍｅｔｈｅｅｔｅｒｎａｌｔｈｅｍｅｉｎＪｏｂｎＵＰｄｉｋｅ，ｓｎｏｖｅｌ，ａｎｄＡ＆ＰｗａｓｎｏｅｘｃｅＰｔｉｏｎ．
Ａ＆Ｐ，ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｌＯＣａｔｅｄｉｎａｔｙＰｉｃａｌｓｕｂ一ｕｒｂａｎａｒｅａｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＢｏｓｔｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｈｅｒｏ，Ｓａｍｍｙ，ｉｓａｎｉｎｅｔｅｅｎ－ｙｅａｒｏｌｄｃａｓｈｉｅｒａｔｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅ．ｏｎｅｄａｙｔｈｒｅｅｇｉｒｌｓｄｒｅｓｓ－ｉｎｇｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｂａｔｈｉｎｇｓｕｉｔｃｏｍｅｉｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅｆｏｒｓｈｏＰ－ｐｉｎｇ．Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ，ｔｈｅｇｉｒｌｃａｌｌｅｄｂｙｓａｍｍｙ“Ｑｕｅｅｎｉｅ”ｉｓａｋｉｎｄｏｆｌｅａｄｅｒａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ．Ｈｅｒａｔｔｒａｃ－ｔｉｖｅｌｏｏｋａｎｄｓｔｒｉｋｉｎｇｏｕｔｆｉｔｃａｔｃｈＳａｍｍｙ’ｓａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ．Ｈｅｋｅｅｐｓａｎｅｙｅｏｎｈｅｒｅｖｅ口ａｃｔｉｏｎ．Ａｔｔｈｅｅｎｄ，５，ｍｙｑｕｉｔｓｈｉｓｊｏｂｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｅｘｐｒｅｓｓｈｉｓｄｉｓｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｔｏｈｉｓｂｏｓｓＬｅｎｇｅｌ，ｓｈａｓｈｃｏｍｍｅｎｔｓｏｎｈｉｓｉｄｅａｌｇｉｒｌ一Ｑｕｅｅｎｉｅ，ａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｏＰｌｅａｓｅｈｅｒａｎｄａｔｔｒａｃｔｈｅｒ．Ｈｏｗ－ｅｖｅｒ，ｔｈｅｇｉｒｌｒｕｎｓｏｕｔｏｆｔｈｅｓｈｏｐｉｎｅｍｂａｒｒａｓｓｍｅｎｔａｎｄｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｓｈｏｗａｎｙａＰＰｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎｔｏｈｉｍ．Ｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｙｅｎｄｓｓａｄｌｙ．
１１１．ＡｎａｌｙｓｌｓｏｆｔｈｅＣｏｌｓｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｙ
１．ＡｂｒｌｅｆｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃＵｏｎｔｏｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｙＴｈｅｓｔｏ叮ｈａＰｐｅｎｓａｔａｓｍａｌｌｇｒｏｃｅ叮ｓｔｏｒｅｎａｍｅｄ
ＪｏｈｎＵＰｄｉｋｅｕｎｖｅｉｌｓｈｉｓｅｔｅｒｎａｌｔｈｅｍｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅ
ｓｉｍｐｌｅｐｌｏｔａｎｄｄｅｔａｉｌｓｉｎＡ＆Ｐ：ｔｈｅｃｏｌｌｉｓｉｏｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌｒｅｑｕｅｓｔａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｃｒｉｔｅｒｉｏｎ，ａｎｄｉｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａｌ
〔作者简介］赵蜻峭，女，北京交通大学人文与社会科学学院研究生，研究方向：外国语言学应用语言学；马丽，女，中国海洋大学外国语学院英语语言文学研究生，研究方向：翻译。
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万方数据ＬＩＴＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＺｈａｏｊｉｎｇｐｅｎｇ，ＭａＬｉ／ＴｈｅＣｏｎｔｒａｓｔｂｅ俪ｅｅｎＳｏｃｉａｌＣｒｉｔｅｒｉｏｎａｎｄＩｎｄｉｖｉｄｕａ１ＲｅｑｕｅｓｔｉｎＡ＆Ｐｖａｌｕｅｃｏｎｃｅｐｔｓａｎｄｓｏｃｉａｌｖａｌｕｅｓｙｓｔｅｍ〔３］．ｗｈｅｎｗｅｆｉｎｉｓｈｒｅａｄｉｎｇＡ＆ｐｗｅａｌｍｏｓｔｈａｖｅｔｈｅｓａｍｅｆｅｅｌｉｎｇａｓＳａｍｍｙ：ｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄｉｓｓｏｄｉｆｉｃｕｌｔ，ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｙｉｓｓｏａｕｔｈｅｎｔｉｃｔｈａｔｗｅｃａｎｈａｒｄｌｙｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎｉｔ，ａｎｄＳａｍｍ了，３ｆｅｅｌｉｎｇａｎｄｔａｌｋｉｎｇａｒｅｓｏｍｕｃｈｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｂｏｙｂｅｓｉｄｅｓｔｈｅｄｏｏｒ．ＲｅａｄｉｎｇＡ＆Ｐｗｅｈａｖｅｔｈｅｉｌｌｕｓｉｏｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏａｕｔｈｏｒａｔａｌｌ．Ｉｔｒｅａｌｌｙｄｏｅｓｎ，ｔｓｏｕｎｄａｓｉｆＪｏｈｎＵＰｄｉｋｅｓｅｔｄｏｗｎａｔａｄｅｓｋａｎｄｃｒｅａｔｅｄａｓｔｏｒｙ，ｂｕｔｒａｔｈｅｒａｓｉｆａｌｇ一ｙｅａｒｏｌｄｂｏｙｎａｍｅｄｓａｍｍｙｃａｓｕａｌ－ｌｙｓｐｏｋｅｔｏｕｓ．Ｈｅｄｏｅｓｎ，ｔｅｘｐｌａｉｎｗｈｏｏｒｗｈｅｒｅｈｅｉｓｂｕｔｍｅｒｅｌｙｂｅｇｉｎｓｔａｌｋｉｎｇａｓｉｆｔｏｓｏｍｅｏｎｅｈｅｋｎｏｗｓ・Ｈｅｉｎｉｔｉａｌｌｙｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓｔｈｅｇｉｒｌｓａｓｉｆｈｅｈａｄｂｅｅｎａｓｋｅｄａｑｕｅｓｔｉｏｎａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｍｅｒｃｈａｎｄｉｓｅ，“ｔｈｅｙａｒｅｏｖｅｒｂｙｔｈｅｂｒｅａａ．”川Ｈｅｒｅｐｅａｔｓｔｒｉｖｉａｌｏｐｉｎｉｏｎｓａｎｄｃｕｔｅｓａｙ－ｉｎｇｓｔｈａｔｈｅａＰｐａｒｅｎｔｌｙｄｏｅｓｎｏｔｂｅｌｉｅｖｅ．Ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ，ｈｉｓｗｏｒｄｓａｒｅｆｕｌｌｏｆｉｒｏｎｙ，ｆｏｒｉｎｓｔａｎｃｅ，ｈｅｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓｔｈｅｏｌｄｗｏｍｅｎｉｎｔｈｉｓｗａｙ，“ｓｈｅｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｅｃａｓｂ一ｒｅｇｉｓ－ｔｅｒ一ｗａｔｃｈｅｒｓ，ａｗｉｔｃｈａｂｏｕｔｆｉｆｔｈｗｉｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｎｈｅｒｃｈｅｅｋｂｏｎｅｓａｎｄｎｏｅｙｅｂｒｏｗｓ，ａｎｄｌｋｎｏｗｉｔｍａｄｅｈｅｒｄａｙｔｏｔｒｉｐｍｅｕｐ．Ｓｈｅ’ｄｂｅｅｎｗａｔｃｈｉｎｇｃａｓｈｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｓｆｏｒｆｉｆｔｙｙｅａｒｓａｎｄｐｒｏｂａｂｌｙｎｅｖｅｒｓｅｅｎａｍｉｓｔａｋｅｂｅ－ｆｏｒｅ”［‘］．Ａｌｓｏ，ｈｅｃａｎｓｐｅａｋｉｎａｒａｃｉａｌｌｙｐｏｅｔｉｃｆａｓｈ－ｉｏｎ，ｓａｙｉｎｇｔｈａｔｓｔｏｋｅｓｉｅ“ｗｉｔｈｔｗｏｂａｂｉｅｓｃｈａｌｋｅｄｕＰｏｎｈｉｓ允ｓｅｌａｇｅａｌｒｅａｄｙ”［‘ｌａｎｄｄｅｓｃｒｉｂｅｓＱｕｅｅｎｉｅ，５ｔａｋｉｎｇｍｏｎｅｙｆｒＯｍｔｈｅｔｏＰｏｆｈｅｒｂａｔｈｉｎｇｓｕｉｔ“ｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｓｍｏｏｔｈｅｓｔｓｃｏｏＰｓｏｆｖａｎｉｌｌａＩｈａｄｅｖｅｒｋｎｏｗｎｗｅｒｅｔｈｅｒｅ．”［１］Ｉｎｓａｍｍｙ，ｓｖｅ叮ｈｅｓｉｔａｎｃｙ，ｈｅｔａｌｋｓｉｎａｃｏｎｖｅｒｓａｔｉｏｎａｌｍａｎｎｅｒｆａｍｉｌｉａｒｔｏｍｏｓｔＯｆｕｓ． ＩｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｄｉｇｄｅｅｐＯｆｔｈｅｅｔｅｒｎａｌｔｈｅｍｅＯｆｔｈｅｓｔｏ珍，ｌｅｔ，ｓｆｉｒｓｔｔａｋｅａｌｏｏｋａｔｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｒｏｕｎｄＳａｍｍｙ，ｔｈｅＡ＆Ｐａｎｄｉｔｓｓｐｏｎｓｏｒ．Ｔｈｅｇｒｏｃｅ叮ｓｔｏｒｅｉｓｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｎｏｒｔｈｏｆＢｏｓｔｏｎ，ａｔｙＰｉｃａｌｓｕｂ一ｕｔｈａｎａｒｅａｉｎＡｍｅｒｉｃａｗｈｅｒｅｙｏｕｃａｎｓｅｅ“ｔｗｏｂａｎｋｓａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅＣｏｎ脚ｇａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｈｕｒｃｈａｎｄｔｈｅｎｅｗｓｐａｐｅｒｓｔｏｒｅａｎｄｔｈｒｅｅｒｅａｌ一ｅｓｔａｔｅｏｆｆｉｃｅｒｓａｎｄａｂｏｕｔｔｗｅｎｔｙｓｅｖｅｎｏｌｄｆｒｅｅｌｏａｄｅｒｓｔｅａｒｉｎｇｕｐｉｎｔｈｅｃｅｎｔｒａｌｓｔｒｅｅｔ．”川Ｔｈｅｔｏｗｎｉｓｓｏｉｓｏｌａｔｅｄｔｈａｔ“ｔｈｅｒｅ，ｓｐｅｏｐｌｅｉｎｔｈｉｓｔｏｗｎｈａ－ｖｅｎ，ｔｓｅｅｎｔｈｅｏｃｅａｎｆｏｒ饰ｅｎｔｙｙｅａｒｓ．”Ｂｅｓｉｄｅｓ，ｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｔｈｉｎｇｅｘｔｒａｏｒｄｉｎａ叮ａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅ．Ａｉｓｌｅｓａｎｄｒｏｗｓａｎｄｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｓａｎｄｃｈｅｃｋｏｕｔｓａｎｄｂｉｎｓａｎｄｃｏｕｎｔ－ｅｒＳ８ｅｅｌｌｌｃｈｉｎｅ，，［１１ｔ０ｎｅｓｓ一Ｈｉｈｏ ５４ｂｅｓｌｏｔｓａｎｄｔｕｎｎｅｌｓｉｎａ“ｐｉｎｂａｌｌｍａ－ＴｈｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓａｒｅａｌｉｋｅｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｏｒｄｉｎａｒｉ－ｃｒａｃｋｅｒｓａｎｄｂｒｅａｄａｎｄｃｏｏｋｉｅｓ．ＴｈｅｓｅＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｓａｒｅｕｎｉｆｏｒｍｌｙｏｒｄｉｎａｒｙａｎｄ，ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅＰｌａｓｔｉｃｔｏｙｓｔｈａｔ“ｆａｌｌａｐａｒｔｗｈｅｎａｋｉｄｌｏｏｋｓａｔｔｈｅｍａｎｙ－ｗａｙ”［’］，ｔｈｅｙｌａｃｋｑｕａｌｉｔｙａｎｄｓｕｂｓｔａｎｃｅ．Ｅｖｅ叮ｔｈｉｎｇＳａｍｍｙｓ叮ｓａｂｏｕｔｔｈｅｓｈｏｐｐｅｒｉｍｐｌｉｅｓｔｈａｔ，ｌｉｋｅｔｈｅｓｔａｃｋｅｄｐａｃｋａｇｅｓｓｏｌｄａｔｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅ，ｔｈｅｙｔｏｏａｒｅｃｏｍ－ｍｏｎ．Ｔｈｅｙｗｅａｒｐｉｎｃｕｒｌｓａｎｄｈａｖｅｖａｒｉｃｏｓｅｖｅｉｎｓａｎｄｃａ叮ｓｈｏｐｐｉｎｇｌｉｓｔｓ；ｔｈｅｙｗａｔｃｈｃａｓｈｒｅｇｉｓｔｅｒｓａｎｄｐｕｓｈｔｈｅｉｒｃａｒｔｓｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｔｒａｆｉｃ．Ｓａｍｍｙｃａｌｌｓｔｈｅｍ“ｓｈｅｅｐ”．Ａｎｄｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅ’ｓｍａｎａｇｅｒ，Ｌｅｎｇｅｌ，ｗｉｔｈｈｉｓｄｒｅａ叮ｓｅｎｓｅｏｆｒｅｇｕｌａｒｉｔｙａｎｄＰｏｌｉｃｙ，ｔｙｐｉｆｉｅｓｔｈｅｍ．Ｔｈｅｓｔｏ叮５叮５“ＬｅｎｇｅｌｃｏｍｅｓｉｎｆｒｏｍｈａｇｇｌｉｎｇｗｉｔｈａｔｒｕｃｋｆｕｌｌｏｆｃａｂｂａｇｅｓｏｎｔｈｅｌｏｔａｎｄｉｓａｂｏｕｔｔｏｓｃｕｔｔｌｅｉｎｔｏｔｈａｔｄｏｏｒｍａｒｋｅｄＭＡＮＧＥＲｂｅｈｉｎｄｗｈｉｃｈｈｅｈｉｄｅｓａｌｌａ盯．”川ｒｅｅｌｉｎｇｔｒａｐｐｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｓｔｏｒｅ，ｈｏｗｅｖｅｒ，