中西方龙的对比课件
神奇的中国龙PPT课件
历
人身边出土了一条用蚌壳堆
史
塑的龙，这是目前我们见到
的最早的龙，人称“中华第
一龙”
在内蒙古还出土了一个玉龙，样子很漂 亮，它的身体细长，弯曲成C形，龙头很 像猪，这个猪头形的玉龙也有5000多年的 历史了。
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神奇的中国龙 ——皇族的龙
中 国 龙 的 历 史
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神奇的中国龙
——皇族的龙
中
国
在中国的封建社会，龙是皇权的象征
原始农业时期，没有灌溉工程，必须依赖雨水，更 怕河水泛滥，于是便渴望有一种控制水的能力。但 在当时，他们实在难以具有这种能力，便将希望
寄托在所创造的龙的这种神话形象上。
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中国龙的历史 The History of Dragon
中
1987年在河南濮阳发掘了一
国
处距离今天6000多年仰韶文
龙 的
化早期的大墓，在男性墓主
龙
的
历
史
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神奇的中国龙
——皇族的龙
中
龙 袍
国 龙 的
历
史
龙 椅
龙 床
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跟我学汉字
龙 字 演 变
龙
龙
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龙的传人
歌 曲 学 唱
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写在最后
成功的基础在于好的学习习惯
The foundation of success lies in good habits
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谢谢大家
荣幸这一路，与你同行
It'S An Honor To Walk With You All The Way
5
中
人们喜欢以
国 人
生
活
中
的
西方的龙文化揭秘中西方的龙文化对比
西方的龙文化揭秘，中西方的龙文化对比龙在中西方人眼中的文化完全不同，在中国文化中，龙往往指的是一种能够升云起雨，神秘莫测的神兽。
而在西方，dragon被描述为一种巨型怪兽，形似鳄鱼，身披鳞甲，长有巨爪和翅膀，能游水能飞行，还能喷火，凶猛异常，破坏力极大，因此龙在西方属于邪恶的动物。
那么，中西方的龙文化到底存在着哪些差异呢？下面的文章就为您全面阐述。
西方的龙文化西方的龙有着虚幻和事实的两种。
但是西方的文化很大一部分源于现实，那就是说唯物主义比较严重，所以西方的龙是现代恐龙部分的延伸，乃至于意义也是如此。
而且西方圣经中将龙作为了一种怪兽，所以西方很大意义上对圣经的依赖，导致了西方思想对龙的批判。
我看到西方人对中国龙也进行了宣传片，将中国的龙按照我们历史上的描写和他们的想法，做出来了一个纪录片，当然，西方人的描写很现实，把龙描写成了一个真实的怪兽。
中西方的龙文化对比中国的龙和西方的龙长相不一样，文化不一样。
在中国，龙是吉祥的象征；在西方的神话传说中，龙却象征着一种需要靠力量和智慧征服的兽性。
在中国，龙基本上被认为是一种祥瑞之兽。
中国人心中的龙常常是神，或者是神人的坐骑，《礼记·礼运篇》中，龙被称为“龙、麟、凤、龟”四灵之首。
在中国，龙的历史源远流长。
1987年在河南省淄阳发掘了一处距今6000多年的仰韶文化早期的大墓，在男性墓主人身边出土了一条用蚌壳堆塑的龙，人称“中华第一龙”。
内蒙古还出土过一个样子很漂亮的玉龙，它的身体细长，弯曲成C形，龙头很像猪。
这个猪头形玉龙也有5000多年的历史了。
商周时期，龙常常出现在青铜器和骨器上。
那时的甲玉龙（中国西北部的内蒙古出土）骨文中就有“龙”字，“龙”字的写法有100多种。
2000多年前的战国时期，龙多次被生动地描绘在帛画上。
到了汉代，龙的样子就跟我们今天见到的龙差不多了。
以后，经过各个朝代的加工，龙的样子越来越威武神气了。
“角似鹿、头似驼、眼似兔、项似蛇、腹似蜃、鳞似鱼、爪似鹰、掌似虎、形似牛”，龙的样子不同于自然界中的任何一种动物。
中西方龙文化差异对比研究
中西方龙文化差异对比研究A Contrastive Study on the Differences between Chinese andWestern Dragon Culture摘要上下数千年，龙已渗透了中国社会的各个方面，成为一种文化的凝聚和积淀。
现如今，龙文化已是中华民族文化的象征，中国人也因身为“龙的传人”而骄傲。
龙文化在中国传统文化中占有重要的地位，每一个致力于学习和传播中国文化的人都要对中国龙文化有一定的了解。
然而，在西方的文化中，龙却是邪恶的代表，是撒旦的化身。
尤其在二十世纪九十年代，西方人对于龙形象的误解。
但是由于中国的国际地位的提升，中西方文化的交流变得更多，使得西方人对于中国龙的形象有了更加深入的认识。
随着时间的变化，通过对于文学甚至电影中龙形象的了解，对于西方龙的认识也发生了改变。
因此本文从东西方龙的起源、形象及其象征意义入手，对东西方龙文化进行对比。
加强东西方文化的深入了解和探讨。
关键词：龙;起源;形象;象征意义AbstractUp and down for thousands of years, the Chinese dragon which penetrated all aspects of society has become a culture of accumulation and cohesion. And nowadays, dragon culture is a symbol of Chinese culture, what`s more, Chinese around the world, proudly proclaim themselves “the offspring of the dragon”. On the contrary, dragon in western culture is the representative of evil and the incarnation of Satan. What`s worse, westerner thinks that defeating the dragon is their mission. However, due to the promotion of China’s international status, there are more and more communication between Chinese and western culture. These interactions give western people opportunities to deeply understanding images of Chinese dragon. With the time goes by, Chinese people also have new recognition of western dragon through literature and movies. Because of these differences, this thesis tries to make a contrastive study on the differences between Chinese and western dragon culture from their origins, images and symbolic meanings. It also introduces the different recognition of different dragon cultures.Key words: Dragon;Origin;Image;Symbolic MeaningOutlineI. IntroductionII. Origins of DragonA. The DefinitionB. The ImageC. Different Symbolic Meanings of Dragon III. Different symbolize meanings of dragonA. Dragon in Proverbs and idioms1. Chinese dragon2. Western dragonB. Dragon in Myths and Legends1.Chinese dragon2.Western dragonC. Dragon in Movies1.Dragon in Chinese Movies2.Dragon in western MoviesD. The reasons for different dragon cultures Ⅳ. Different recognition of dragon cultureA. The western recognition of Chinese dragonB. The recognition of western dragon in China Ⅳ. ConclusionA Contrastive Study on the Differences between Chinese and WesternDragon CultureI. IntroductionFor thousands of years, the dragon has infiltrated all aspects of Chinese society and become a kind of culture and heritage. Dragon culture as an important part of Chinese traditional culture has deeply roots in Chinese culture. In the entire history of Chinese civilization, Dragon culture has been an integral part of its continuous development and improvement. Dragon, involved in the process of accumulation of western civilization, however, formed a distinctive dragon culture.Because of cultural differences, western people are different from Chinese people in understanding and using dragon images. Therefore, this thesis tries to compare and contrast the differences between western and Chinese dragon culture with an aim to allow people to truly understand the meaning of dragon culture in cross-culture communication.What’s more, the dragon culture still influences many aspects of western and Chinese society, such as literature, film and television works, clothing. Therefore, understanding the differences between Chinese and Western dragon culture contributes to understanding the different cultural backgrounds and knowing more implied meaning of the dragon. In addition, it’s better to exchange and communicate in cross-culture communication.II. Origins of DragonAs the most common animal in the legends, dragon does not actually exist, even none ever did exist; it is an imaginary animal. However, few people know the origins of both Chinese and western dragon accurately. This part tries to introduce the different origins of dragon through their different definitions and images.A. The DefinitionA dragon is a legendary creature, typically with serpentine or reptilian traits, that features in the myths of many cultures. There are two distinct cultural traditions of dragons: the European dragons and Chinese dragon.The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latin draconem (nominative draco) meaning “huge serpent, dragon” from the Greek word, drakon (genitive drakontos) “serpent, giant seafish” .Western dragon also means a fiercely vigilant or intractable person or something dangerous.In Chinese culture, the dragon is the combination of many animals, a symbol of the totem worship in the primitive society. In ancient times, people could not have a reasonable explanation of most natural phenomena so they use natural animals as totems. And Chinese dragons traditionally symbolize potent and auspicious powers, particularly control water, rainfall, hurricane, and floods. The dragon is also a symbol of power, strength, and good luck for people who are worthy of it. With this, the Emperor of China usually used the dragon as a symbol of his imperial power and strength.B. The ImageFor Chinese dragons or western dragons, they have varied appearances. The paper will show their most representative images. As for western dragon, a mythical monster traditionally represented as a gigantic reptile having a lion claws and the tail of a serpent, wings, and a scaly skin. The earliest record of western dragon is William Tyndale’s The New Testament. It is a great red dragon with the image as that it has seven heads and ten horns and on its heads seven diadems; and its tail drew the third part of the stars of heaven; and cast them to the earth. It has a strong power that can breathe out fire. However, dragon in the Chinese history is a totem image. In Beijing, Beihai Park, there is a wall called “Nine-dragon Wall”. The dragon has 27 meters long,5 meters high, 1.2 meters thick. The Chinese dragon’s image combine camel’s or horse’s head, deer’s horns, rabbit’s eyes, bull’s ears, snake’s neck, clam’s belly, fish’s scales, hawk’s claws and tiger’s palms together. In addition, its mouth looks like an alligator’s mouth, horse’s manes and fish’s tail. All in all, its image most like a snake but has four claws. Dragon, an omnipotent animal, both in the air and underground can make clouds and bring them rain. The greatest difference between Chinese and western dragon image is that one has wings, but the other does not.III. Differences between Chinese and Western dragon cultureThousands years ago, western and Chinese ancestors respectively gave the dragon different symbolic meanings. The different symbolic meanings caused a lot of misunderstandings. Chinese introduced themselves “the descendants of the dragon”, however, the western dragon has different understanding of Chinese dragon and their own dragon images. Therefore, this part will describe the differences between Chinese and western dragon culture from proverbs, idioms, myths and legends and movies. Also, I will analysis the causes of different dragon cultures.A. Dragon in Proverbs and Idioms1.Chinese dragonThere are varied proverbs and idioms about Chinese dragon and western dragon. In China, most of dragon`s meanings are positive and inspiring. If a couple get married, Chinese will say “lóngfèngchéngxiáng (龙凤呈祥)” to bless them. Lóngfèngchéngxiáng is a phrase which means dragon and phoenix could bring bliss and auspiciousness. It can also be used as an adjective to describe the love between couples. If they have baby, people would like to bless the baby “shēnglónghuóhǔ (生龙活虎)” and “lóngmǎjīngshén (龙马精神)”. These two phrases exhibit that baby will be like the dragon and tiger full of energy and vigor. Also, in our country, most parents look forward their children to having successful career and life. This situationshould be called “wàngzǐchénglóng (望子成龙)”. What`s more, if their children find a good job or pass in university entrance examination, people call this situation “lǐyǘtiàolóngmén (鲤鱼跳龙门)”. It means a carp could finally be a dragon after its insistent efforts of leaping into the dragon gate. After their daughter grows up, they hope to find a son-in-law of high rank. To describe a respectable son-in-law, people usually use “chénglóngkuaìxǜ (乘龙快婿)” whose literal meaning is that a well-content son-in-law is just like riding a dragon and bringing happiness. If the son-in-law has an elegant handwriting, then the elegant handwriting can be called “Lóngfēifèngwǔ (龙飞凤舞)”. This phrase also means the generous mountains. Although the dragon always means auspicious and blissful things in Chinese culture, sometimes it is still not amiable and approachable to civilians. For example, when people encounter a hazardous places or situation, they often use the phrase “lóngtánhǔxuè (龙潭虎穴)” which means the deep pond and cave where a dragon and a tiger live can be easily used to describe.2.Western dragonOn the contrary, western dragon is regarded as evil, and its symbolic meaning are all derogative and negative. For example, if someone has got the “dragon”, he needs to brush his teeth, because here “dragon” just means bad breath. In another case, when you find a man wearing a pink skirt and blue heels with purple highs, you may want to “dragon” his outfit, or say, “That guy’s outfit is so ‘dragon’.” which means the outfit makes you feel sick. It is so disgusting. Dragon can refer to those impenetrable women vividly. For instance, “She is a real dragon. You`d better keep away from her.” “Dragon” in this sentence has a metaphor meaning of shrew. If you call a woman “dragon”, you mean that she is unpleasant and fierce. For example, “She is a bit of dragon around this place.” A “dragon lady” can be paraphrased as a woman behind the ruler. It means a woman whose identity is the wife of the ruler, and she has much great power just like a female dictator. In Chinese history, there are many descriptions of the “dragon lady”. And it would be really funny if someone takes its translation forgranted as “xiǎolóngnǚ (小龙女)” because they are completely different. In English slang, the phrase “chasing the dragon” means smoking heroin and inhaling the fumes. This slang derives from the description about dragon of ancient legends. Since a dragon can breathe out fire and smoke, someone taking the heroin is like chasing the dragon. Another phrase “dragon teeth” originated from the Greek tale of hero Cadmus. Cadmus killed a fierce dragon and sowed its teeth into a land. Soon after, the dragon`s teeth became some warriors and jumped out from the land to attack Cadmus. Cadmus cast a huge rock among the warriors and these warriors began to kill each other. Therefore, “dragon’s teeth” has a connotation of killing each other and “sowing dragon’s teeth” has a metaphor of disharmony or conflicts .B.Dragon in Myths and Legends1. In Chinese mythologyIn Chinese mythology, dragon is a magical animal which is changeable, and specializes in control over water, rainfall, hurricane, and floods and benefits the crops. According to Dadailiji(大戴礼记), the body of dragon can be changeable, either short or long, slim or huge, dark or bright. In spring, dragon flies in the sky; in autumn, dragon swims in the deep. In Ciyuan(Etymology), there are four patron saints---dragon, phoenix, kylin, tortoise. Dragon is the head of the scale insects. Three Emperors and Five Sovereigns (三皇五帝) in the legend and Shennong（神农）, Nvwa, according to ancient records are related with the dragon. Therefore, dragon became the symbol of the imperial power. Emperors always regard themselves as son of dragon and their clothes is decorated with dragons which are called dragon robe. In the book of Chuqiuhechengtu(春秋合诚图), it was recorded that Rao(Chinese emperor) was born by his mother QingDou with his father “a dragon”. What’s more, the Yu(禹)’s father was said to be Huang Dragon. And the dragon helped him to dredge river, so that he could be an emperor. In Han Dynasty, Liu Bang(刘邦) in order to strength his regime and imperial power, coined a legend “His mother dreamed a dragon when she gave birth to LiuBang”, putting himself on the sacred aura. In ourfamous traditional novel Journey to the West to, there are four dragons to make seasonable weather for crop raising. When Sun Wukong(孙悟空), the monkey who protect his master Tang Seng(唐僧) needed water to put out a fire, he asked the king of dragon who control rain to help. So, the dragon also means the kind-hearted and upright which is positive.2. In western mythologyIn western mythology, dragon is the incarnation of evil and its symbolic meaning is negative and ugly. Dragon is sexual and has a hundred sons. But in China, dragon can only give birth to nine sons. In Western culture, dragon always lives in caves and likes collecting treasures especially the gold coins or diamonds so that dragon sometimes symbolize greedy. In Beowulf, dragon is burner and the treasure guard. Once a person stole a gold cup, the dragon breathed out fire to burnout the houses and crops. Finally, Beowulf duelled with dragon and perished together. In Bible, there is a red dragon made flood to pushing away the woman in order to eat her baby. It even agitated other monsters to conquer human and custody. Dragon can breathe out the fire and has a strong body and invulnerability. In German mythology, Siegfried killed a dragon named Fafnir. He took a shower with the dragon’s blood. He ate the dragon`s heart and after that he could understand the birds’ language. So the dragon symbolizes war and strong power. If the king publicize them as the dragon, they are always considered as a king who is bad and not respected. However, in England, dragon can be kind. In the story of King Arthur, the white dragon means Uther Pen-dragon, it is charity and kindness. The red dragon symbolizes V ortigern, it is evil and sinful. Fortunately, the white dragon killed the red dragon and appeared a baby named King Arthur. So, there are two dragons on the hat of English King.C.Dragon in Movies1. Dragon in Chinese MoviesDragons are often used in movies, especially in Chinese. Although dragon is notthe protagonist, its name and figure is widely used in the movies. Chinese directors like using the word dragon to name videos, such as Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon(卧虎藏龙)、Enter the Dragon(龙争虎斗)、Dragon Travels around the World(龙游天下). Actually, these videos are not talking about the dragon, but why the directors named that? The name of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon is a Chinese idiom referring to hidden or unsuspected forces or powers. While traditional Chinese martial arts films usually place female characters in secondary roles. In Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, there are three powerful women as highlights, each of whom plays a distinct gender role. Traditionally given to men, the most intense fighting scenes are all performed by women, with one exception. Lee uses combat scenes not only to showcase the intricate martial arts but also to emphasize the will, agility, and physical strength of the female leads. It tells people that the ordinary people may have strong powers, and the dragon here refers to the ability and physical strength. The Enter the Dragon does not mean there are fights between dragon and tiger. Here the dragon and the tiger refers to two people who both have the comparable ability. Lee and Han were taught by a teacher, however, Han betrayed his teacher. Commissioned by the master, Lee attended the competition to defeated and cleaned up Han who is traitor in this story. And their battle was so called Enter the Dragon. Dragon Travels around the World describes an emperor Sima Yulong(司马玉龙)travels around his territory to looking for his mother incognito while checking the character of an official. As dragon is the symbol of emperor, people prefer to call him real dragon and the son of god rather than emperor. All in all, most dragon in Chinese videos on behalf of the person whose characters are kind, bright, powerful and honest.2.Dragon in western MoviesIn most western movies, dragon appeared to be killed and the dragonslayer was the hero respected by the masses. For example, George and the Dragon directed by Tom Reeve is a film describing a story of George and dragon. George is a lad whose father wants to kill a dragon. The father once speared into the dragon`s body unfortunately, the dragon was still alive and ate his feet. Therefore, the father insistedasking George to kill the dragon. Finally, George used his father`s lance killing the dragon and became the sage in the eye of human. Actually, the dragon never hurt others. This shows that the entire dragon is evil in their mind and necessary to be killed. Reign of Fire is a film directed by Rob Bowman. It described a boy called Quine who awakened a dragon by accident, and the dragon breathed out fire to burn everything. Finally, his mother was killed and the dragon and its descendants occupied the world. It was a war between dragon and human. However, few of movies described the bright image of dragon. In the film of Dragon Heart, a dragon shared his heart to injured prince. When the prince became a brutal king, his warrior thought it was the fault of dragon. So he decided to revenge and kill that dragon. At last, he found that it was not the fault of dragon but the prince. The dragon sacrificed himself to help overthrow the prince`s tyranny and became a star to guard the land. Therefore, the dragon here symbolized selflessness and protection.D. The reasons for different dragon culturesThe reasons for different dragon cultures are various. First, Chinese and western people have different customs and history. From the description of Chinese dragon’s definition and image, it is easy to find that dragon`s appearance is a combination of bull, deer, tiger, fish and snakes. In their views, snake is a beautiful animal. Because, in Chinese history, people were made by Nv Wa(A goddess in Chinese mythology) whose figure was human’s head with snake’s body. And in history, the ancients thought that the camel’s head symbolizes wisdom; antlers symbolize longevity; bull’s ears mean the brightest and best; the tiger’s eyes symbolize dignity; eagle symbolizes bravery; lion’s nose symbolizes wealth; horse’s teeth mean hard-working; fish’s tail symbolizes flexible, etc. All these contents are auspicious symbol. So, in Chinese, the dragon culture is full of positive energy. But it is totally different in western culture. It is negative and evil. In western culture, the dragon’s image is based on viper, and integrates many different animal characteristics which feel horror and disgust, such as crocodile, lizard, bat, toads and so forth.These animals are mostly living in deep forestand volcano which are cunning and grotesque. Therefore, the dragon in western was not welcomed and loathed by ancients. For a long time, it becomes a sign of the violence and evil.Second, Chinese and western have different mode of thinking. In ancient Chinese, people reverence nature. An important feature of Chinese traditional culture is to emphasize the harmony between man and nature, rather than men conquer nature. Even the emperor also dares to call themselves “the son of nature”, but not has the courage to overcome nature. Dragon is the creation based on the nature and the real life which ancestors put into their fear, dependent, doubts, imagination and worship of nature. In their mode of thinking, dragon can fly in the sky and swim in the ocean, make clouds and bring them rain. People worship and pray it to bring good weather, have a harvest and bless mankind. Therefore, dragon becomes a totem that people hope to get help and have strong power. On the contrary, western believe that “Men conquer nature”. Dragon as the creation of nature was the symbol of monster. It has strong power such as breathe out of fire, toxic teeth. It can kill human, damage the harvest and ruin a country. In order to protect the country, people control it and prevent it from unscrupulous, indiscriminate killing of innocent people. So, western dragon also means war.Third, Chinese and western have different religion. Before the rise of Christian civilization, the dragon in western was kind. But in 1st century AD, the Christian becomes the main denomination; the image of western dragon became evil. As the classic book of Christianity, Bible described a story in the New Testament that Archangel Michael killed the red dragon. In Bible, dragon appeared as the incarnation of the Christian enemy Satan, so in the long spirit reign of Christianity, dragon`s image had been vilified and worse. Hereafter, dragon was been defined as the incarnation of evil. Meanwhile, in the culture of Taoism which was Chinese bishop, they worshiped nature and animals. They thought that dragon can communicate with god and ghosts. Later, Buddhism was introduced into China. And they regarded dragon as a symbol of faith. After that, a lot of Dragon Temples were built in both north and south of China that become an important part of Chinese dragon image.Because of these different national history, religion, customs and ways of thinking, the understanding of Chinese and western culture, the dragon exhibit great differences. What’s worse, during the cross-cultural communication, it is easy to make misunderstanding with each other, especially the dragon’s symbolism.Ⅳ.Different recognition of dragon cultureBecause of the different culture, western people and Chinese have different understanding of their dragon cultures. Also, with the time goes by, people have new recognition of dragon culture. Chinese dragon is regarded as a god controlling the rain and water. However, western dragon is the symbol of monster and flood. They have different definitions, and images. The image of western dragon is widely acquainted and accepted by the world as evil and monster. This part will introduce the different recognition of dragon culture.A.The western recognition of Chinese dragonBecause there are two distinct cultural traditions of dragons: the European dragons and the Chinese dragon. So, this part will introduce the changes of the Chinese dragon image in Europe. According to European historical documents, Mendoza’s Historia del Gran Reino de la China was the most influential Chinese monograph for Europe which published in1585. In this book, dragon was written as Serpents, so until the end of 16th century, the Europe did not have the dedicated translation of dragon. But, as the decorative patterns, beautiful dragon pattern had been used for Church’s decoration. During 17 to 18centuries, European were longing and yearning for Chinese culture. At that time, they were interested in dragon and its symbolic meaning---imperial power. They used the words “elegant, great, noble” to praise the dragon patterns. In 1735, Jean Baptiste du Halde upgraded the definition “national symbol of the Chinese”. At this time, Chinese dragon image was objectively reported, and not be deliberately vilified. On the contrary, they described the dragonimage was closely accompanied with magnificent royal style.After 18th century, European countries were competing for overseas expansion. And the negative image of Chinese bureaucracy occupied the main impression. All these bad impressions influenced the image of Chinese dragon. What`s worse, in 1860, comics named “conquer Chinese dragon” were popular in Europe. They draw a classic scene “St. George slays Dragon”, the angel handed with a lance to spear the so-called Chinese dragon which symbolizes the forces of backwardness. During this time, many western countries issued a large number of such commemorative postcards. For example, in Germany postcard “Western powers conquer China”, western soldiers were draw like St. George riding white horses, wearing silk, taking lance and spearing the huge dragon. These actions leaded to the vilification of Chinese dragon image.With the development of Chinese economy and politics, more and more people choose to study, work and live abroad. Also, there are many foreigners choose to study and work in China. From 1978-2012, the number of study abroad has increase nearly 400 thousand. And the population of American of Chinese ancestry has occupied 12% of the American total population. The population of Chinese in England and France is nearly 430 thousand. Since these people brought Chinese culture to the west, the image of Chinese dragon became bright and positive. And the foreigners who live in China has already experiencing the Chinese dragon culture. They may bring their new thoughts back to their countries. In addition, there are some famous Chinese people who are well known around the world. Li Xiaolong who studied and worked in America. His Chinese kung fu was famous for the world. Because of his name, the Chinese dragon was aware by the west. Cheng Long, another famous star was also known to the world. He was also named dragon and famous for his kung fu. Thus, the west became to know the real meaning of Chinese dragon. What’s more, 2000 was the year which meets the turn of millennium and a century, coincided with the Chinese traditional culture of Dragon Year. At this year, China held the first Chinese dragon culture and art festival. Chinese vice premier Qian Qichen published a paper to declare that Chinese dragon is the symbol of nationalstrength because of its spirit of unity and cohesion. Meanwhile, Chinese who lived in other countries also held the party to celebrate the dragon year. They brought the bright and positive dragon image to the world. In 2005, an academic exchange activity named “Chinese dragon image rectification” was held in Chinese Culture Park. This activity aimed to promote the Chinese dragon image in international level and it suggested naming the Chinese dragon as Chinese pinyin “Long”. Because of improvement of China’s international status and these different activities, more and more western people eliminate their misunderstanding and have new recognition of Chinese dragon.B. The recognition of western dragon in ChinaFrom another point of view, the Chinese people always get the information about western dragon from their movies and literature. In western culture, dragon as a symbol of evil and monster. And the strongest evidence of western dragon comes from the Bible’s Apocalypse. In fact, there are also some positive images of dragon in Bible. For example, the holy mighty angel leader, the crutch in Moses hands that save the tribe for many times, the brass snake that Jesus think could represent himself and so on. Nowadays, we can still find these content in the official bible. For the stories that already talked about many times, such as dragon rob princess, knight hero story, only could be found in the medieval European literature. Prior to this, the Celtic who were throughout the most of Western Europe and the Nordic Vikings were also worship the dragon totem like Chinese people. They consider the dragon as their national symbol and the patron saint. The Celtic descendants even put dragon on their flags today. With the development of technology, the communication throughout world becomes convenient. More and more Chinese people read both ancient and modern literature which have content of dragon image.Good and bad, good and evil, may both appears on anything. And the judgment of good and bad is often related to the position of the people themselves. This is the dialectical thought. Although there is no clear evidence that the dragon is real in theobjective world, it still leaves many imaginations in the myth and legend. People in different culture should widely absorb the knowledge of each other. With the development of our society and world, people will have new recognition of different dragon cultures.Ⅳ. ConclusionBecause of different national histories, religions, customs, ways of thinking and geographies, western dragon and Chinese dragon have many differences in definition, image and symbolic meaning. Compared with the evil and formidable western dragon, Chinese dragon is auspicious and noble. The western people misunderstand the Chinese dragon decades years ago. However, with the development of Chinese economy and politics, there are more and more people study, work and live abroad. These people are helpful to eliminating the misunderstanding of Chinese dragon. Also, many foreigners are willing to come to China and experience the Chinese culture. Therefore, on one hand, China should develop the economy first, so that Chinese international status can upgrade. Chinese should do better to show the real spirit of dragon---unity, selflessness, integrity, so that the world can realize the connotation of Chinese dragon. On the other hand, Chinese people also need to learn more about the knowledge of western dragon before the judgment.。
中国龙与西方龙的文化比较
学院：国际教育交流学院班级：2011级汉硕课程名称：中国文化与跨文化交际任课教师：韩鉴堂姓名：赵晓青学号：11111105中国文化，博大精深，在众多具有代表中华精神意义的事物中，龙的地位尤为彰显。
中国人敬龙，爱龙，把龙奉为图腾，在许多事物上将龙作为装饰，用来表示福祉。
中国有数千年的龙文化，海内外数亿中国同胞称自己为“龙的传人”，将中国文化称为“龙的文化”。
九州大地上，“龙”已经渗透到中国社会的各个方面，称为中国文化的凝聚和沉积，龙成了中华民族的象征，中国文化的象征。
对每一个炎黄子孙来说，“龙的传人”无疑是一种特殊的符号，并且为每个人喜欢，随着世界越来越小，对龙的这样的特殊感情传播到世界各地，在世界各国的华人居住区内，龙是最多并最引起注目的饰物，因而，“龙的传人”，“龙的国度”也得到了世界的认可。
随着全球化进程的推进，人类已经进入了多元文化并存的时代，跨文化交际的地位越来越重要。
未来促进跨文化交际，人们开始对中西方龙文化进行比对，很多人都认为而这之间有很大的差异，虽然它们都是没有考证的传说之物，体积庞大，都能飞翔，能力无边，都是想象中充满传奇色彩的动物，又都在文化中长久的保存下来。
但事实上，中国的龙和西方的dragon是两种完全不同的动物。
Dragon一词与龙的对译正如phoenix与凤凰的强行对译，这样的强行对译对中国文化的理解造成了一定的障碍，所以，笔者试图从中西方文化中dragon和龙的不同起源和发展背景，探索它们在不同文化中的象征和意义。
一、中国龙一）龙的形象关于龙的形象，在中国历史上有很多不同的解释。
《说文》曰：“龙，鳞虫之长，能幽能明，能大能小，能长能短，春分而登天，秋分而入川。
”《广雅》云：“有鳞曰蛟龙，有翼曰应龙，有角曰虬龙，无角月螭（chi）龙。
”宋人罗愿的《尔雅翼·释龙》：“角似鹿、头似驼。
眼似兔、项似蛇、腹似蜃、鳞似鱼、爪似鹰、掌似虎、耳似牛。
”《辞海》解释“龙”为古代传说中的一种有鳞有须，能兴云作雨的神异动物。
第十一册第5课《创意中国龙-中国龙与西方龙》微教案
微课基本信息
知识点名称
《中国龙与西方龙》
学科类型与教学对象
小学美术六年级
上课时间长度
7分钟Байду номын сангаас
本课课型：
讲授
设计理念：
本微课针对中国“龙”与西方“龙”的共同点与不同之处来分析讲授。导入学生们熟知的影视作品中的中、西方龙影像剪辑，易于被学生们理解与区分。
教学目标：
1.了解中国“龙”与西方“龙”的特点。
2.能够分辨中国“龙”与西方“龙”。
教学资源与环境：PPT课件、BGM播放器、屏幕录制软件、视频剪辑软件。
教学过程：
1.讲授中、西方龙的共同点与不同之处。
2.通过影像视频深入了解、区分中国“龙”与西方“龙”。
东西方龙相关描述-概述说明以及解释
东西方龙相关描述-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述东西方龙是两种文化中的传统神话生物，具有不同的历史背景、特征和文化象征。
东方龙主要出现在亚洲各个国家的神话传说中，被视为吉祥的象征，具有各种神奇的力量和特征。
而西方龙则在欧洲的神话故事中经常出现，被描绘为强大而凶猛的存在。
这两种龙都在各自的文化中扮演着重要的角色，并且衍生出许多令人惊叹的传说和故事。
本文将从历史背景、特征和形象、文化象征以及传说和故事这几个方面来探讨东西方龙的相关描述。
通过比较两种龙的异同点，我们可以更好地了解不同文化中对龙的理解和表达方式。
此外，本文还旨在探讨东西方龙在各自文化中的重要意义，并对其对当代文化和艺术的影响进行探讨。
通过对东西方龙的相关描述的深入研究，我们可以更好地了解两种文化的差异和共同点，进一步拓展各自文化的视野和知识面。
同时，探讨龙在不同文化中的象征和意义也有助于我们加深对龙这一神秘生物的认识和理解。
最后，希望本文能够为读者提供一个全面而有趣的东西方龙相关描述的概述，并激发更多人对这个话题的兴趣和思考。
1.2文章结构文章结构部分：本文将探讨东西方龙的相关描述。
文章将分为引言、正文和结论三个部分。
引言部分将对本文进行概述，介绍东西方龙的基本概念，并说明本文的目的和意义。
正文部分将分为两个章节，分别描述东方龙和西方龙的相关特征和形象、历史背景、文化象征以及相关的传说和故事。
第一个章节将详细介绍东方龙的相关描述。
首先，将探讨东方龙的历史背景，包括其起源、发展和影响。
然后，将描述东方龙的特征和形象，如身体特征、神态和表情等方面。
接下来，将探讨东方龙在东方文化中的象征意义，如龙的形象与吉祥、权力和英雄等价值观的关联。
最后，将介绍一些与东方龙相关的传说和故事，如《山海经》中关于龙的故事等。
第二个章节将着重描述西方龙的相关描述。
同样首先介绍西方龙的历史背景，包括它在西方神话和传说中的起源及发展。
然后，描述西方龙的特征和形象，如它的外貌特征、能力和习性等。
《中国龙文化》课件
单击添加文本具体内容，简明扼要地阐述您的观点。根据 需要可酌情增减文字添加文本
虚拟龙：出现在小说、电影等作品中，具有丰富的想象力和创意 以上内容仅供参考，具体介绍可根据您的需求和喜好进行调整。
以上内容仅供参考，具体介绍可根据您的需求和喜好进行 调整。
04
龙文化在现代社会的价值与意义
传承中华文化： 龙作为中国古 代神话中的动 物，代表了中 华民族的传统 文化和历史。
增强民族自豪 感：龙文化作 为中国独特的 文化遗产，能 够激发民族自 豪感和自信心。
促进文化创意 产业发展：龙 文化可以成为 文化创意产业 的重要元素， 推动文化创意 产业的发展。
增强国际影响 力：龙文化作 为中国传统文 化的重要组成 部分，能够增 强中国在国际 文化交流中的
龙在中国古代文学 中的表现
THEME TEMBiblioteka LATE古代神话传说中的龙
龙在中国古代文学中的地位： 阐述龙在古代文学中的重要 性和地位
龙的起源与传说：探讨龙的 起源和各种古代神话传说中 的龙的形象
龙的形象与特点：描述龙的 形象和特点，如威严、神秘、
力量等
龙与文化象征：探讨龙在中 国文化中的象征意义，如权
文化意义：在中国文化中，龙被 视为吉祥、尊贵、权威的象征， 代表着中华民族的民族精神和文 化传统。
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形象：龙的形象通常由蛇身、鹿 角、鹰爪、鱼鳞等组成，代表着 力量、智慧和神秘。
艺术表现：在中国古代艺术中， 龙的形象常常被表现得栩栩如生， 具有极高的艺术价值。
不同种类龙的特点与象征意义
性格特点：东方龙通常被赋予善良、正义、勇敢等品质；西方龙则通常被描绘为邪恶、贪婪、 凶残等形象。
探析中西方龙及龙文化
龙文化源远流长、博大精深,并以其深厚的内涵赋予中国文化以鲜明的民族特色,所以龙成为中华民族的象征和标志,我们华夏儿女也骄傲地自称为龙的传人。
而今龙作为一种文化的凝聚与积淀,已经渗透到中国社会生活的各个层面,发挥着神圣的文化象征作用和神秘的价值功能。
在西方文化中有“dragon”一词,译为汉语称之为“龙”,由于西方文化的影响,对于龙的描述与中国大不相同,他们认为龙是一种很怪的、险恶的的象征。
笔者认为龙应是不同文化背景下的不同产物,中西方文化对龙的认识也有着本质的区别,本文现从它们的起源、形象以及文化内涵进行分析探讨,试找出它们之间的文化差异,与大家共勉。
1龙与dragon起源于何时关于龙究竟起源于什么时间?几十年来学术界圉于考古材料之限制而众说纷纭,莫衷一世,至今尚无令人信服的结论。
但从现存的文字资料来看,认为龙诞生于原始社会时期,最早出于游牧民族、农业民族因生产的需要对星象二十八宿之观察的想象物。
最早的文字记载:殷墟甲骨文中就有“龙”字。
随后的文献典籍:《周易》、《诗经》、《楚辞》、《山海经》等文中都有关于龙的描写,如《周易》中所载“潜龙勿用、飞龙在天、龙战于野”等,其中“龙”字的出现频率已很高。
随后,东汉的许慎在我国最早的字典《说文解字》中曰:龙,鳞虫之长,能幽能明,能细能巨,能短能长,春分而登天,秋分而潜渊。
《辞源》说,龙是“四灵”之一,是古代传说中的一种善变化,能兴云雨利万物的神异动物,为鳞虫之长。
但是,随着近几年考古的不断发现,最能证明龙起源的应为:1987年8月,考古工作者在河南濮阳西水坡仰韶文化遗址发掘出土的三组蚌壳摆砌而成的龙虎图案,这史无前例的考古发现在海内外曾引起了极大轰动,其中第一组图案中的龙虎形象可堪称为龙形象的鼻祖,专家们誉之为“中华第一龙”,1989年,中国社会科学院、荷兰格罗宁根大学对蚌壳龙进行了C14和同位素测定,并经树轮校正,其时间为距今6460+135年。
另外还有辽宁阜新查海遗址于1994年出土了大量的玉龙,即龙形玉块,和一条巨型石块堆塑龙,此龙全长近20米,身宽约2米,头部、尾部、腿足部都可辨,使用大小均等的红褐色石块摆塑而成。
中西方龙文化对比
中西方龙文化的对比浅析摘要：龙文化作为一种象征性的文化，长久地存在于中西方文明的历史进程中不断发展完善。
中西方文化所涉及到的龙，可谓都是存在于想象中且带有传奇色彩的动物，虽然都称之为龙，但由于生存环境、民族意识和风俗信仰的不同而注入其形象的象征意义及其文化内涵却大相径庭，认识和理解双方不同的龙文化有利于我们在文化上更好的交流和沟通。
本文旨在分析对比两者的异同之处，从中西方文化中龙的不同起源和发展来探索它们不同的象征意义和不同的文化衍生意义。
关键词：龙；龙文化；形象；起源；象征意义；中西文化差异中图分类号：g11 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1005-5312（2013）08-0217-02在中国文化中，龙有着重要的地位和影响。
龙的形象，体现了多民族自远古流传下来的对自然神灵的崇拜，它历经了原始社会的母系氏族、父系氏族和三皇五帝时代，从奴隶社会直至封建社会的终结，时间长达六千年。
可以说，龙始终伴随着中华民族的历史发展进程并得到了全世界炎黄子孙的尊敬。
龙的崇拜最初是原始人将龙尊奉为氏族图腾，它们各自主宰一方，为人类抵挡无法抗拒的灾难，掌控世间命运。
夏朝，龙被镶嵌在国君佩戴的绿松石青铜牌饰上，从此被赋予了高贵地位和权利。
春秋战国时龙的形象发生了演变，头上生出双角、身体生出四肢，成为既能腾云驾雾、遨游水中，又能奔跑如飞的神兽。
至汉代，开国皇帝刘邦史称“河蛟之子”，这一故事对后世平民出身的君王颇有影响，表示“龙种”非凡，命中注定坐龙庭，正式确定了龙是至高至尊的皇权象征。
东汉时龙是东方之神东王公的坐驾，从此，龙又成了上天保佑的象征。
汉代以后，龙被皇家垄断起来，正式成为皇帝的标志。
唐宋以至明清，历代朝廷为了树立帝王至高至尊的地位，巩固皇权，对龙的依赖日益加剧，从皇宫建筑到皇帝的衣、食、住、行，处处可见龙的形象。
不仅中原皇帝如此，少数民族的统治者也纷纷仿效，以此表示自己也是真龙天子。
元世祖忽必烈对龙的垄断越发严格，明令龙纹为皇家专享，市街商店不得织造或贩卖有日月龙凤纹的缎匹，违者除没收其缎匹外，还将痛行治罪。
中西方动物文化内涵对比
中国龙
中国人对“龙”的偏爱可 追溯到原始部落的图腾时 代，在整个社会的历史长 河中，“龙”已经超越了 “图腾”和“法力”的实 体词汇意义，成为整个中 华民族的象征。 凡与“龙”有关的词语无 一不是褒义词，如:龙凤呈 祥、望子成龙、乘龙快婿、 龙马精神。
European Dragon
European dragons are legendary creatures in folklore and mythology among the overlapping cultures of Europe . In Western folklore, dragons are usually portrayed as evil, with exceptions mainly in Welsh folklore and modern fiction.
RAT
在美国俚语中，rat与bitch相似，指行为 不端的女人，另外“rat”也经常出现在骂 人的脏话中，如： Oh, you (dirty) rat ! (哦，你这个混蛋） 或直接骂“Rat”（表胡说，瞎扯） rat在英语中还表示鼠类小人，叛徒，工 贼等出卖或告发同伴的反面角色。
此外，与“rat” 有关的英语俗语与习语中，也能 明显表达出“rat”的贬义色彩。 如：a rat-like person (指不起眼但猜忌心强的人） to rat on (告发，背叛） a pack rat (囤积狂) a rat race (小人之间的竞争，卑鄙的竞争) a rat fink (极端惹人厌的家伙) smell a rat (感到不妙)
MOUSE
Mouse是中性词， 从可爱的米老鼠 是Micky Mouse 而不是Micky Rat这一点我们 就可以看出两者 的受欢迎程度。
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the abdomen of a large cockle;
the scales of a carp; the claws of an eagle;
and the paws of a tiger.
龙由九种动物所组成：
头似驼、眼似鬼、耳似牛、角似鹿、项似蛇、腹
似蜃、鳞似鲤、爪似鹰、掌似虎
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外表邪恶、心灵狠毒种类形态 形象
龙鹿角、驼头、兔眼、鱼鳞、鹰爪、虎掌
蝙蝠翼、兽爪、利齿、鳞片
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Bruce Lee
李小龙
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Bruce Lee
• JEET KUNG DO
截拳道
• When you put water into a cup, it becomes the cup. If you put water into a bottle, it becomes the bottle. You put it into a teapot, it becomes the teapot. Water can flow, or it can crash. Be water, my friend.
DRAGON
龍
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CHINESE DRAGON CULTURE
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Loong— Chinese Dragon
The dragon looks like a combination of many
animals. For the Chinese people, Dragons were
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西方的龙的特点
西方人从蛇那里借了形象，创造
龙之初就带着邪恶的种子，添加
上去的元素都是令人厌恶的：翅
膀是蝙蝠的；爪子是猛兽的；再
加上口中的地狱之火，全身刀枪
不入，简直就是一部杀人机器，
所以西方的龙多半扮演着恐怖贪
婪的角色，经常以一敌百，成为
一个传奇故事中最邪恶的动物 。
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• 寻龙记
de o
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★小结
种类 • 中国龙 • 西方龙 • 种类 • 中国龙 • 西方龙 • 种类 • 中国龙 • 西方龙
种类 • 中国龙 • 西方龙
体积
体型
庞大
似蛇
庞大
蛇、蝙蝠
能力
上天入水、呼风唤雨
飞翔、喷火、刀枪不入、长生不死、会说人话
象征
神圣、吉祥、权利、皇权、不可侵犯
• 倒水入杯，水成杯形；倒水入瓶，水成瓶形；倒水入壶，水成壶形。水能 流之，亦能毁之。变自为水吧，老兄。
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described visually as a
composite of parts
from nine animals:
the head of a camel; the eyes of a devil;
the ears of an ox; the horns of a deer;
the neck of a snake;
西方龙的特征是四足两翼，浑身黑亮，会
喷火，相当于爬行动物和鸟类的混合体，
是地上和空中的双重霸主。
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Dragon Heart
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东西方的龙与区别
区别：虽然东西方都用龙的传说，但由于文化不同，所代表的形象也是有所不同。
在东方，龙是吉祥图腾；在西方，龙却是邪恶的象征；
3
Chinese Dragon Culture
the dragon is a symbol of harmony and power.
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Weather
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Dragon Boat Festival
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Dragon Dance
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WSTERN DRAGON
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Western Dragon
Western dragon is a fabulous monster, which is usually represented as a gigantic reptile , breathing fire , and having a lion's claws, the tail of a serpent, wings , and scaly skin.
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东方的龙的特点
东方的龙主要是由鹿角，鲇须， 马脸， 蛇身，鱼鳞，鹰爪等动物拼
合而成，这些有着美好寓意的动物 有幸被挑中组成了我们华夏民族的 吉祥图腾。全身以金黄色为主，主 管职责是降水。东方的龙不带翅而 能翔。龙在中国传统文化中是权势、 高贵、尊荣的象征，又是幸运和成功 的标志。龙之所以具有这种文化象征 意义，是与传说及神话中龙在天则腾 云驾雾、下海则追波逐浪、在人间则 呼风唤雨的无比神通有很大的关系 。