定语从句老师

定语从句了解几个基本知识1.定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。

主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。

2.定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。

3.定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。

单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。

短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。

a.定语前置请找出每句中的定语A famous American university.An interesting little red French oil painting.A new plastic bucket.A purple velvet curtains.An elegant German clock.→当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前，我们要注意其次序。

〔识记口诀〕限观形龄色国材1限定词 2 外观 3形状 4年龄 5颜色 6国籍 7材料 8用途b.定语后置(1)短语作定语一般后置He gave me a basket full of eggs.(2)修饰some, any, no, every等词构成的不定代词的定语都后置Let’s go somewhere quiet.(3)副词作定语They lived in the room above.c.不同成分1.介词短语作定语The boy in blue is Tom.中心词定语 .2.形容词作定语He is an excellent student.中心词定语 .3.不定式作定语There is nothing to do today.中心词定语 .d.分词（短语）作定语The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.①中心词定语 .The pen bought by her is made in China.①中心词定语 .There are five boys left.①心词定语 .Summary1. 定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。

2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。

先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。

3. 关系代词\关系副词：引导定语从句的词。

4.关系词的三个作用 a.引导以及连接 b. 作成分c.有词义（代指被修饰的先行词）关系代词的应用a)由who引导的定语从句This is the man who helped me.Is Sheba the dog who was run over and nearly killed last year?b)由whom引导的定语从句The man whom I saw yesterday is called Smith.Jack, with whom I have excellent relations, always gives me good advice.c)由whose引导的定语从句Do you know the man whose name is Lihua?Do you see the house whose windows are all broken?d)由which引导的定语从句The building which stands near the river is our school.This is the book which you want.e)由that引导的定语从句This is the boy that/who broke the window.The letter that I received was from my sister.f）由as引导的定语从句as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中，句末，译为正如，好像。

As引导定语从句常出现于the same ...as..., such...as..., so/as...as...中，在从句中既可指人，物，也可指整个句子。

This is the same book as I lost.关系副词的应用g)由where引导的定语从句 (where = at/in/on/…+ which)This is the place where I was born.I live in the room where/in which he used to live.h)由why引导定语从句 (Why= for+ which)先行词为 reason 时，可用for which指代；The reason why/ for which he didn't attend the meeting was that he was ill.i)由When引导的定语从句 (when = in/at/on/during /…+ which)He came last night when I was out.We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather would be better.注意：1．只用that不用which的情况1）先行词本身就是或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

2）当先行词是不定代词时。

如all、little、something、nothing等。

3）先行词被all、every、no、little、one of、the only、the very、the right等所修饰时。

4）如果先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

5）当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时。

2. 只用which不用that的情况1) 关系代词前有介词时；e.g. This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.2) 非限定性定语从句中，先行词指物时；e.g. He has a book, who was bought yesterday .3) 先行词本身是that时；e.g. The clock is that which tells the time4) 在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。

定语从句的分类 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句限制性定语从句在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。

She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.How do you apologize to your friend w hose bike you lost ?2、非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。

这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。

Helen, who was sitting on my left, said that this meal was the best she had everhad.海伦坐在我的旁边说这是她吃过的最好的一顿饭。

比较：1. I was the only person in my office who was invited.我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。

归纳：限定性定语从句 ----如果把从句部分去掉, 整个句子的含义就变了2. His dog, which was very old, became ill and died.他的狗很老了, 生病后就死了。

归纳：非限定性定语从句----去掉从句, 主句的意义仍然完整限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句 形式上 不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号隔开 意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除 是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整 译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“…的…”通常翻译成主句的并列句 关系词的使用 A.做宾语时可省略B .可用that A.不可省 B.不用that3. 区别：1. I have a sister who /that works in a hospital. （不止一位姐姐）2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital. （我只有一位姐姐）非限制性定语从句的应用a. 非限制性定语从句中, 指物时用which而不用that。

1) Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.2) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.b. 指人时主格用who, 宾格用whom, 物主格用whose(也可指物)。

1) Miss Howe, whom you met in the library, is our new teacher.2) The Arabs, who are famous for their horses and camels, use these animals for work and in sports.3) Li Ming, whose mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.c. 另外关系副词when(指时间), where (指地点)也可以引导非限制性定语从句(注意关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句)1) He lives in the city, where there is a high tower.2) The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949, when he was born.d. 介词加关系代词也可以引导非限定性定语从句。

1) Wu Dong, with whom I went to see the film, enjoyed it very much.2) Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found.3) The story about the Long March, of which this is an example, are well written.e. as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句, as和which可代整个主句。