最新开关电源中英文翻译资料
Switching Power Supply
Switching power supply is a voltage conversion circuit, the main work is the step-up and step-down, are widely used in modern electronic products. Always work because the switching transistor in the "on" and "off" state, so called switching power supply. Switching power supply in real terms is an oscillator circuit, the conversion of electrical energy not only used in power circuit, the circuit in other applications are also common, such as LCD backlight circuits, such as fluorescent lamps. Switch the source compared with the transformer high efficiency, good stability, small size and other advantages, disadvantages is the relatively small power, and high-frequency interference on the circuit, circuit complexity, such as easy maintenance.
Talking about switching power supply before you familiar with the feedback oscillator circuit transformer, can produce a regular pulse current or voltage of the circuit is called oscillation circuit, transformer feedback oscillator circuit is able to meet these conditions the circuit; it in the basic amplifier circuit with a feedback loop composed of C2, L1 election to form a parallel resonant frequency circuit, the instantaneous power in the circuit turn-VT, this time in the C2, L1, composed of parallel resonant circuits have a very rich harmonic, when the plus parallel resonance frequency and the natural frequency of the same circuit, the circuit to enter a state of oscillation, and VT through L3 feedback to further enlarge the base, and ultimately the formation of a regular pulse current or voltage output to the load RL. Switching power supply is around the transformer and the feedback oscillator circuit design, but the basis of the original increase in the number of protection and control circuits, analysis of our oscillation circuit can be used to analyze the method of switching power supply.
Switching Power Supply vibration by way of sub-swing can be divided
into self-excited and it excited the two, since there is no need for plus-excited self-oscillation signal source, since the excitation can see it as a feedback oscillator circuit transformer, and it is excited is totally dependent on the outside to maintain the oscillation, in the practical application of self-excitation of a comprehensive range of applications. According to the structure of incentives signal classification; can be divided into pulse-width-modulated pulse amplitude modulation and two pulse-width-modulated signal to control the width, that is, frequency, pulse amplitude modulation control signal of the magnitude of the role of the two the same so that oscillation frequency is maintained at within a certain range, to the effect of voltage stability. Winding transformer can be divided into three types in general, a group involved in the primary winding of the oscillation, a group is to maintain the oscillation of the feedback winding, there is a group of the load windings. Household appliances used in switching power supply,after the AC to 220V bridge rectifier, converted into about 300V DC, filter into the transformer is added after the switch to high-frequency oscillations of the collector, feedback winding back to the base to maintain the oscillation circuit, load sensor windings of the electrical signal, by rectification, filtering, the DC voltage regulator has been to provide power to the load. Winding in the provision of electric power load, but also take up the capacity of voltage stability, the theory is then a circuit voltage output voltage sampling devices to monitor the output voltage changes, timely feedback to adjust the oscillation frequency oscillator circuit to achieve the voltage stability The purpose of the circuit in order to avoid interference, the feedback voltage to the oscillator circuit will be isolated optocoupler. Most switches have a standby power circuit, switching power supply in standby mode still oscillating, but the frequency of normal working hours than lower.
Some switching power supply are complex, numerous components, many protection and control circuit, in the absence of technical support, maintenance is a headache with the matter. I face this kind of situation is, first of all, I will find the switch and its participation in the external oscillation circuit, it separated from the circuit to see if it met the conditions for oscillation, such as detection bias and whether it is normal, whether positive feedback failure, as well as its own switches, switching power supply has very large protection, after exclusion of the prosecution and load control and protection circuit.the control circuit while output from the sample, with the set standards, then controlled inverter, change its frequency or pulse width output achieve stability, on the other hand, according to test data provided by the circuit by circuit protection identification, Control circuit for the unit for various protection measures.
SMPS developments and trends in the United States in 1955 Roje (GH.Roger) invention of the self-excited oscillation push redeem transistor single transformer DC converters, high-frequency conversion is the beginning of control circuit, 1957 United States investigation tournament (Jen Sen) since the invention of the push-pull double Flyback transformers, 1964 American scientists proposes to abolish the frequency transformer series switching power supply scenario, This power to the right size and weight of the decline was a fundamental way. To the 1969 high-power silicon transistor because the pressure increase diode reverse recovery time shortened, and other components improve, and finally turned into a 25 kHz switching power supply.
Currently, switching power supply to small, Light volume and the characteristics of high efficiency has been widely used in electronic computer-driven variety of terminal equipment, Communications equipment almost all electronic equipment, the electronic information industry
indispensable to the rapid development of a power mode. Currently the market for sale in the switching power supply using bipolar transistors made of 100kHz. use made of 500kHz MOS power, though practical, but its frequency to be further enhanced. To improve the switching frequency, it is necessary to reduce the switching loss, and to reduce the switching loss, you need to have high-speed switching devices. However, the switching speed, will be affected by the circuit inductance and capacitance diode or stored charge arising from the impact of the surge or noise. This will not only affect the surrounding electronic equipment, but also greatly reduce the reliability of the power supply itself. Among them, with the switch to prevent Kai-closed by the voltage surge, it is R-C or L-C Composite bumpers, and the storage charge by the diode current surge caused by the use made of amorphous cores such as magnetic bumper. However, the high frequency of 1 MHz and above, using resonant circuit, Switch to enable the voltage or current through the switch was a sine, which could reduce the switching loss, This can also control the surge occurred. Switches such as resonant mode switching. Currently such SMPS of very active, because this means no significant increase switching speed can theoretically put switching loss fall to zero. and the noise is small, is expected to become high-frequency switching power supply of one of the main ways. At present, many countries in the world are working on several trillion Hz converter practical research.
C语言中英文翻译资料
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PS中英文对照资料
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商务英语口语900句-中英文对照-中文翻译资料
商务英语口语900句中英文对照中文翻译 Unit 1希望与要求 Part 1 . 1. We'd like to express our desire to establish business relationship with you on the basis of quality, mutually benefit and exchange of needed goods . 我们希望在保证质量、互惠互利以及交易彼此需要的货物的基础上和你们建立业务关系。 2 .In order to extend our export business to your country we wish to enter direct business relations with you. 为了扩大我们在贵国的出口业务，我们希望和你们建立直接贸易关系。 3. Our hope is to establish mutually beneficial trading relations between us . 希望在我们之间能够建立互惠互利的贸易关系。 4. We looking forward to further extensions of pleasant business relations. 我们期待进一步保持愉快的业务关系。 5. It’s our hope to continue with considerable business dealing with you. 我们的希望是和你们保持可观的生意往来。 6. We looking forward to receiving your quotation very soon. 我们期待尽快收到你们的报价单。 7.I hope you see from the reduction that we are really doing our utmost. 我希望你能够看到我们事实上已经作出了最大程度的让价。 8.We hope to discuss business with you at your earliest convenience. 我们希望在你方便的时候和你洽谈业务。
开关稳压电源-外文翻译
DC Switching Power Supply Protection Technology Abstract: The DC switching power supply protection system, protection system design principles and machine protection measures, an analysis of switching power supply in the range of protected characteristics and its design methodology,introduced a number of practical protection circuit. Keywords: switching power supply protection circuit system design 1、Introduction DC switching regulator used in the price of more expensive high-power switching devices, the control circuit is also more complex, In addition, the load switching regulators are generally used a large number of highly integrated electronic systems installed devices. Transistors and integrated device tolerance electricity, less heat shocks. Switching Regulators therefore should take into account the protection of voltage regulators and load their own safety. Many different types of circuit protection, polarity protection, introduced here, the program protection, over-current protection, over-voltage protection, under-voltage protection and over-temperature protection circuit. Usually chosen to be some combination of protection, constitutes a complete protection system. 2、polarity protection DC switching regulator input are generally not regulated DC power supply. Operating errors or accidents as a result of the situation will take its wrong polarity, switching power supply will be damaged. Polarity protection purposes, is to make the switching regulator only when the correct polarity is not connected to DC power supply regulator to work at. Connecting a single device can achieve power polarity protection. Since the diode D to flow through switching regulator input total current, this circuit applied in a low-power switching regulator more suitable. Power in the larger occasion, while the polarity protection circuit as a procedure to protect a link, save the power required for polarity protection diodes, power consumption will be reduced. In order to easy to operate, make it easier to identify the correct polarity or not, collect the next light. 3、procedures to protect Switching power supply circuit is rather complicated, basically can be divided into low-power and high-power part of the control part of the switch. Switch is a high-power
C语言中英文对照
C语言中英文对照 一．C语言关键字对照 关键字，又称保留字，是C语言中已预先定义、具有特定含义的标识符。 注：C语言中共有32个关键字， 所有关键字都用小写字母表示，且这些关键字不能用作用户标识符。即关键字由系统定义，具有特定的含义，不能重作其它定义。32个关键字如下： 1．数据定义C语言中所有的变量都具有某种类型，其定义的基本格式是：类型变量名； int：整型 short：短整型 long：长整型 signed：有符号型 unsigned：无符号型 char：字符型 float：单精度型 double：双精度型 const：定义常量 typedef：类型定义 2．存储类别
一般在变量的定义前面，用于指定变量的存储类别，如果缺省的话，则默认是auto。 auto：自动变量 static：静态变量 register：寄存器变量 extern：外部变量 3结构 C语言中除了提供一些基本数据类型外，还提供了结构体，共有体以及枚举，用来实现多个变量的集合表示。 struct：结构体 union：共用体 enum：枚举类型 4语句 C语言中提供了一些语句来实现程序的基本结构。 if：条件判断（假如） else：不满足条件（否则） for：循环 do：与while一起使用，直到型循环 while：当型循环 goto：无条件跳转语句 switch：多分支选择语句 case：分支，在switch语句块中表示不同的分支
default：缺省，一般在switch语句中使用 continue：继续（结束本次循环） break：中断（跳出整个循环） return：返回 void：空类型（用于函数没有返回值时） 5．预处理 ＃define：定义一个宏名来代替一个字符串 ＃include：引入程序所需要的头文件 ＃undef：条件编译 ＃ifdef：假如定义 ＃ifndef：假如没有定义 6．其他 sizeof：用于计算所占内存空间的大小 volatile： C语言关键字volatile（注意它是用来修饰变量而不是上面介绍的__volatile__）表明某个变量的值可能在外部被改变，因此对这些变量的存取不能缓存到寄存器，每次使用时需要重新存取二．Turboc2.0 环境中常用的关键词 File(文件) Load（加载） New（新建） Save（保存）
反激式开关电源外文翻译
Measurement of the Source Impedance of Conducted Emission Using Mode Separable LISN: Conducted Emission of a Switching Power Supply JUNICHI MIY ASHITA,1 MASAYUKI MITSUZAW A,1 TOSHIYUKI KARUBE,1 KIYOHITO Y AMASAW A,2 and TOSHIRO SA TO2 1Precision Technology Research Institute of Nagano Prefecture, Japan 2Shinshu University, Japan SUMMARY In the procedure for reducing conducted emissions, it is helpful to know the noise source impedance. This paper presents a method of measuring noise source complex impedances of common and differential mode separately. We propose a line impedance stabilization network (LISN) to measure common and differential mode noise separately without changing LISN impedances of each mode. With this LISN, conducted emissions of each mode are measured inserting appropriate impedances at the equipment under test (EUT) terminal of the LISN. Noise source complex impedances of switching power supply are well calculated from measured results. ? 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 139(2): 72 78, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1154 Key words:Conducted emission; noise terminal voltage; noise source impedance; line impedance stabiliza-tion network (LISN); EMI. 1. Introduction Switching power supplies are employed widely in various devices. High-speed on/off operation is accompa-nied by harmonic noise that may cause electromagnetic interference (EMI) with communication devices and other equipment. To prevent the interference, methods of meas-urement and limit values have been set for conducted noise (~30 MHz) and radiated noise (30 to 1000 MHz). Much time and effort are required to contain the noise within the limit values; hence, the efficiency of noise removal tech-niques is an urgent social problem. Understanding of the mechanism behind noise generation and propagation is necessary in order to develop efficient measures. In particu-lar, the propagation of conducted noise must be investi-gated. Modeling and analysis of equivalent circuits have been carried out in order to investigate conducted noise caused by switching [1, 2]. However, the stray capacitance and other circuit parameters of each device must be known in order to develop an equivalent circuit, which is not practicable in the field of noise removal. On the other hand, noise filters and other noise-removal devices do not actually provide the expected effect [3, 4], which is explained by the difference between the static characteristics measured at an impedance of 50 ?, and the actual impedance. Thus, it is necessary to know the noise source impedance in order to analyze the conducted noise. Regulations on the measurement of noise terminal voltage [5] suggest using LISN; in particular, the vector sum (absolute voltage) of two propagation modes, namely, common mode and differential mode, is measured in terms of the frequency spectrum. Such a measurement, however, does not provide phase data, and propagation modes cannot be separated; therefore, the noise source impedance cannot be derived easily. There are publications dealing with the calculation of the noise source impedance; for example, common mode is only considered as the principal mode, and the absolute value of the noise source impedance for the common mode is found from the ground wire current and ungrounded voltage [6], or mode-separated measure-ment is performed by discrimination between grounded and ungrounded devices [7]. However, measurement of the ground wire current is impossible in the case of domestic single-phase two-line devices. The complex impedance can be found using an impedance analyzer in the nonoperating state, but its value may be different for the operating state. Thus, there is no simple and accurate method of measuring source noise impedance as a complex impedance. ? 2002 Scripta Technica Electrical Engineering in Japan, V ol. 139, No. 2, 2002 Translated from Denki Gakkai Ronbunshi, V ol. 120-D, No. 11, November 2000, pp. 1376 1381
PLC论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献
PLC论文中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 外文资料: PLC technique discussion and future development Along with the development of the ages, the technique that is nowadays is also gradually perfect, the competition plays more more strong; the operation that list depends the artificial has already can't satisfied with the current manufacturing industry foreground, also can't guarantee the request of the higher quantity and high new the image of the technique business enterprise. The people see in produce practice, automate brought the tremendous convenience and the product quantities for people up of assurance, also eased the personnel's labor strength, reduce the establishment on the personnel. The target control of the hard realization in many complicated production lines, whole and excellent turn, the best decision etc., well-trained operation work, technical personnel or expert, governor but can judge and operate easily, can acquire the satisfied result. The research target of the artificial intelligence makes use of the calculator exactly to carry out, imitate these intelligences behavior, moderating the work through person's brain and calculators, with the mode that person's machine combine, for resolve the very complicated problem to look for the best path We come in sight of the control that links after the electric appliances in various situation, that is already the that time generation past, now of after use in the mold a perhaps simple equipments of grass-roots control that the electric appliances can do for the low level only;And the PLC emergence also became the epoch-making topic, adding the vivid software control through a very and stable hardware, making the automation head for the new high tide. The PLC biggest characteristics lie in: The electrical engineering teacher already no longer electric hardware up too many calculationses of cost, as long as order the importation that the button switch or the importation of the sensors order to link the PLC up can solve problem, pass to output to order the conjunction contact machine or control the start equipments of the
基于单片机的开关电源外文参考文献译文及原文
本科毕业设计(论文) 外文参考文献译文及原文 学院信息工程学院 专业信息工程 年级班别 学号 学生姓名 指导教师
目录 译文 (1) 基于单片机的开关电源 (1) 1、用途 (1) 2、简介 (1) 3、分类 (2) 4、开关电源的分类 (3) 5、技术发展动向 (4) 6、原理简介 (6) 7、电路原理 (7) 8、DC/DC变换 (8) 9、AC/DC变换 (8) 原文 (10) The design Based onsingle chip switching power supply (10) 1、uses (10) 2、Introduction (10) 3、classification (11) 4、the switching power supply. (13) 5、technology developments (14) 6、the principle of Introduction (17) 7、the circuit schematic (18) 8、the DC / DC conversion (19) 9, AC / DC conversion (20)
译文 基于单片机的开关电源 1、用途 开关电源产品广泛应用于工业自动化控制、军工设备、科研设备、LED 照明、工控设备、通讯设备、电力设备、仪器仪表、医疗设备、半导体制冷制热、空气净化器，电子冰箱，液晶显示器，LED灯具，通讯设备，视听产品，安防，电脑机箱，数码产品和仪器类等领域。 2、简介 随着电力电子技术的高速发展，电力电子设备与人们的工作、生活的关系日益密切，而电子设备都离不开可靠的电源，进入80年代计算机电源全面实现了开关电源化，率先完成计算机的电源换代，进入90年代开关电源相继进入各种电子、电器设备领域，程控交换机、通讯、电子检测设备电源、控制设备电源等都已广泛地使用了开关电源，更促进了开关电源技术的迅速发展。 开关电源是利用现代电力电子技术，控制开关晶体管开通和关断的时间比率，维持稳定输出电压的一种电源，开关电源一般由脉冲宽度调制（PWM）控制IC和开关器件（MOSFET、BJT等）构成。开关电源和线性电源相比，二者的成本都随着输出功率的增加而增长，但二者增长速率各异。线性电源成本在某一输出功率点上，反而高于开关电源。随着电力电子技术的发展和创新，使得开关电源技术在不断地创新，这一成本反转点日益向低输出电力端移动，这为开关电源提供了广泛的发展空间。 开关电源高频化是其发展的方向，高频化使开关电源小型化，并使开关电源进入更广泛的应用领域，特别是在高新技术领域的应用，推动了高新技术产品的小型化、轻便化。另外开关电源的发展与应用在节约能源、节约资源及保护环境方面都具有重要的意义。
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献
中英文对照资料外文翻译文献 平设计任何时期平面设计可以参照一些艺术和专业学科侧重于视觉传达和介绍。采用多种方式相结合，创造和符号，图像和语句创建一个代表性的想法和信息。平面设计师可以使用印刷，视觉艺术和排版技术产生的最终结果。平面设计常常提到的进程，其中沟通是创造和产品设计。共同使用的平面设计包括杂志，广告，产品包装和网页设计。例如，可能包括产品包装的标志或其他艺术作品，举办文字和纯粹的设计元素，如形状和颜色统一件。组成的一个最重要的特点，尤其是平面设计在使用前现有材料或不同的元素。平面设计涵盖了人类历史上诸多领域，在此漫长的历史和在相对最近爆炸视觉传达中的第20和21世纪，人们有时是模糊的区别和重叠的广告艺术，平面设计和美术。毕竟，他们有着许多相同的内容，理论，原则，做法和语言，有时同样的客人或客户。广告艺术的最终目标是出售的商品和服务。在平面设计，“其实质是使以信息，形成以思想，言论和感觉的经验”。
在唐朝（618-906 ）之间的第4和第7世纪的木块被切断打印纺织品和后重现佛典。阿藏印在868是已知最早的印刷书籍。在19世纪后期欧洲，尤其是在英国，平面设计开始以独立的运动从美术中分离出来。蒙德里安称为父亲的图形设计。他是一个很好的艺术家，但是他在现代广告中利用现代电网系统在广告、印刷和网络布局网格。于1849年，在大不列颠亨利科尔成为的主要力量之一在设计教育界，该国政府通告设计在杂志设计和制造的重要性。他组织了大型的展览作为庆祝现代工业技术和维多利亚式的设计。从1892年至1896年威廉?莫里斯凯尔姆斯科特出版社出版的书籍的一些最重要的平面设计产品和工艺美术运动，并提出了一个非常赚钱的商机就是出版伟大文本论的图书并以高价出售给富人。莫里斯证明了市场的存在使平面设计在他们自己拥有的权利，并帮助开拓者从生产和美术分离设计。这历史相对论是，然而，重要的，因为它为第一次重大的反应对于十九世纪的陈旧的平面设计。莫里斯的工作，以及与其他私营新闻运动，直接影响新艺术风格和间接负责20世纪初非专业性平面设计的事态发展。谁创造了最初的“平面设计”似乎存在争议。这被归因于英国的设计师和大学教授Richard Guyatt，但另一消息来源于20世纪初美国图书设计师William Addison Dwiggins。伦敦地铁的标志设计是爱德华约翰斯顿于1916年设计的一个经典的现代而且使用了系统字体设计。在20世纪20年代，苏联的建构主义应用于“智能生产”在不同领域的生产。个性化的运动艺术在2俄罗斯大革命是没有价值的，从而走向以创造物体的功利为目的。他们设计的建筑、剧院集、海报、面料、服装、家具、徽标、菜单等。J an Tschichold 在他的1928年书中编纂了新的现代印刷原则，他后来否认他在这本书的法西斯主义哲学主张，但它仍然是非常有影响力。Tschichold ，包豪斯印刷专家如赫伯特拜耳和拉斯洛莫霍伊一纳吉，和El Lissitzky 是平面设计之父都被我们今天所知。他们首创的生产技术和文体设备，主要用于整个二十世纪。随后的几年看到平面设计在现代风格获得广泛的接受和应用。第二次世界大战结束后，美国经济的建立更需要平面设计，主要是广告和包装等。移居国外的德国包豪斯设计学院于1937年到芝加哥带来了“大规模生产”极简到美国;引发野火的“现代”
英语翻译学习资料(含中英文解释)
例1.Winners do not dedicate their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be, rather, they are themselves and as such do not use their energy putting on a performance, maintaining pretence and manipulating（操纵） others . They are aware that there is a difference between being loved and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between being knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask. 1.dedicate to 把时间，精力用于 2.pretence 虚伪，虚假 6 ．1 斤斤于字比句次，措辞生硬 例2.Solitude is an excellent laboratory in which to observe the extent to which manners and habits are conditioned by others. My table manners are atrocious( 丑恶)—in this respect I've slipped back hundreds of years in fact, I have no manners whatsoever（完全，全然）. If I feel like it, I eat with my fingers, or out of a can, or standing up —in other words, whichever is easiest. 孤独是很好的实验室，正好适合观察一个人的举止和习惯在多大程度上受人制约。如今我吃东西的举止十分粗野；这方面一放松就倒退了几百年，实在是一点礼貌也没有。我高兴就用手抓来吃，（eat out of a can）开个罐头端着吃，站着吃；反正怎么省事就怎么吃。 3.Whatsoever 完全，全然 1.Be conditioned by 受……制约 2.Atrocious 丑恶 6 ．2 结构松散，表达过于口语化 例3．有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一位女乘客：“您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。“您下车吗？”他又问了一遍。女乘客还是没理他。他耐不住了，放大声问：“下车吗？”，那女乘客依然没反应。“你是聋子，还是哑巴？”他急了，捅了一下那女乘客，也引起了车厢里的人都往这里看。女乘客这时也急了，瞪起一双眼睛，回手给了男乘客一拳。（庄绎传，英汉翻译教程，1999 ：练习 3 ） 译文1：Once at the crowded door of the bus, I heard a man passenger asked politely a woman passenger before him: “Are you getting off?” The woman made no
开关电源 外文文献
开关电源 与电子技术的飞速发展,电子系统的应用领域越来越广泛,电子设备,有越来越多的人工作以电子设备、生活越来越密切的关系。任何电子设备都离不开可靠供电电源的需求,他们也越来越高。电子设备的小型化、低成本的光的力量又瘦,小而高效的为发展方向。传统的晶体管稳压电源是系列调整连续控制线性稳压电源。这种传统的稳压电源的技术更加成熟,已经有大量的综合线性稳压电源模块,有稳定的性能好、输出电压波动小、运行可靠等。但通常需要体积大且沉重的工频变压器和体积和重量是大的过滤器。 在1950年代,美国国家航空和宇宙航行局的小型化、轻重量为目标,为火箭携带开关电源的发展。在近半个世纪的发展过程中,开关电源因其体积小、重量轻、效率高,适用范围广,电压的优点在电子、控制、计算机等许多领域的电子设备已得到广泛应用。在1980年代,计算机是由所有开关电源的,第一个完整的计算机发电。整个1990年代,开关电源在电子、电器、家用电器领域得到广泛、开关电源技术进入快速发展。此外,大规模集成电路技术,和快速发展,开关电源有了质的飞跃,提高了高频大功率产品的、小型化、模块化的潮流。 电源开关管、PWM控制器和高频变压器是不可或缺的组成部分,开关电源。传统的开关电源的一般均采用高频大功率开关管的划分及各销,如利用PWM(脉宽调制)集成控制器UC3842 + MOSFET是国内小功率开关电源的设计方法,更流行。 自1970年代以来,出现在许多功能完全集成控制电路、开关电源电路越来越简化,工作频率的不断提高,提高效率,为电力小型化提供更为广阔的发展前景。三结束离线脉冲宽度调制单片机顶部(三个交换线)将终端时,电源开关MOSFET PWM控制器包在一起,已经成为国际关系的主流,开关电源IC发展。采用集成电路设计上的开关电源开关,可使电路简单、体积进一步缩小,成本也明显降低 单片开关电源有单片集成,最简外围电路,最好的性能指标、没有工作频率变压器能构成一个重要的优势开关电源等PI(以)。美国公司在电力在1990年代中期,首次推出新高频开关电源芯片,被称为“上开关电源”的宗旨,以低成本、电路简单、效率较高。第一代产品于1994年代表TOP100/200系列,第二代产品是ⅡTOPSwitch - 1997年问世。以上产品一旦出现较强的生命力和他大大简化了 设计的150 W以下开关电源和新产品的开发为新工作,也、高效、低成本开关电源和普及推广创造了良好条件,可广泛用于仪表、笔记本电脑、移动电话、电视、VCD、DVD、摄录像机、手机电池充电器、功率放大器等领域,并形成各自不同小型化、密度、价格可以跟线性稳压电源AC / DC电源变换模块。 开关电源的综合了今后的发展方向将是主要趋势,功率密度将越来越大,对工艺的要求将越来越高。在半导体器件和磁性材料,没有新的突破性的技术进步主要之前可能很难达到、技术创新的重点将是如何提高工作效率和集中在减肥。因此,工艺水平将会在这个位置的电源生产更高。此外,应用数字控制电路是未来的方向发展的一个开关电源。在DSP这种信任在速度和抗干扰技术的不断提高。至于先进控制方法,目前个人觉得没见过的实用性方法显得尤为强烈, 也许是流行的数字控制,会有一些新的控制理论引入开关电源。 (1)技术:用高频开关频率增加、开关变换器体积也减少,功率密度也大幅提升,动态响应得到改善。小功率直流-直流转换器开关频率将上升到兆赫。但是当开关频率的不断提高,开关元件、被动元件损失增加、高频寄生参数和高频电磁干扰(EMI)等新问题也会造成。
C语言常用英语单词翻译
1. 数据类型关键字（12个）： (1). char ：声明字符型变量或函数 (2). double ：声明双精度变量或函数 (3). enum ：声明枚举类型 (4). float：声明浮点型变量或函数 (5). int： 声明整型变量或函数 (6). long ：声明长整型变量或函数 (7). short ：声明短整型变量或函数 (8). signed：声明有符号类型变量或函数 (9). struct：声明结构体变量或函数 (10). union：声明联合数据类型 (11). unsigned：声明无符号类型变量或函数 (12). void ：声明函数无返回值或无参数，声明无类型指针（基本上就这三个作用） （2）控制语句关键字（12个）： A.循环语句 (1). for： 一种循环语句(可意会不可言传） (2). do ： 循环语句的循环体 (3). while ：循环语句的循环条件 (4). break：跳出当前循环 (5). continue：结束当前循环，开始下一轮循环 B.条件语句 (1).if: 条件语句 (2).else ：条件语句否定分支（与 if 连用） (3).goto：无条件跳转语句 C.开关语句 (1).switch :用于开关语句 (2).case：开关语句分支 (3).default：开关语句中的“其他”分支 D. return ：子程序返回语句（可以带参数，也看不带参数） 3. 存储类型关键字（4个）： (1).auto ：声明自动变量 一般不使用 (2).extern：声明变量是在其他文件正声明（也可以看做是引用变量） (3).register：声明积存器变量 (4). static ：声明静态变量 4. 其它关键字（4个）： (1).const ：声明只读变量 (2).sizeof：计算数据类型长度 (3).typedef：用以给数据类型取别名（当然还有其他作用） (4).volatile：说明变量在程序执行中可被隐含地改变