河南大学研究生英语考试复习资料

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河南大学研究生英语考试重点答案说课讲解

第一篇56. How do environmentalist opponents view GM foods according to the passage?A. They will eventually ruin agriculture and the environment.B. They are used by big businesses to monopolize agriculture.C. They have proved potentially harmful to consumers' health.D. They pose a tremendous threat to current farming practice.57. What does the author say is vital to solving the controversy between the two sides of the debate?A. Breaking the GM food monopoly.B. More friendly exchange of ideas.C. Regulating GM food production.D. More scientific research on GM crops.58. What is the main point of the Nature articles?A. Feeding the growing population makes it imperative to develop GM crops.B. Popularizing GM technology will help it to live up to its initial promises.C. Measures should be taken to ensure the safety of GM foods.D. Both supporters and opponents should make compromises.59. What is the author's view on the solution to agricultural problems?A. It has to depend more and more on GM technology.B. It is vital to the sustainable development of human society.C. GM crops should be allowed until better alternatives are found.D. Whatever is useful to boost farming efficiency should be encouraged.60. What does the author think of the on going debate around GM crops?A. It arises out of ignorance of and prejudice against new science.B. It distracts the public attention from other key issues of the world.C. Efforts spent on it should be turned to more urgent issues of agriculture.D. Neither side is likely to give in until more convincing evidence is found.61. What are students obliged to do under early decision?A. Look into a lot of schools before they apply.B. Attend the school once they are admitted.C. Think twice before they accept the offer.D. Consult the current students and alumni.62. Why do schools offer early decision?A. To make sure they get qualified students.B. To avoid competition with other colleges.C. To provide more opportunities for applicants.D. To save students the agony of choosing a school.63. What is said to be the problem with early decision for students?A. It makes their application process more complicated.B. It places too high a demand on their research ability.C. It allows them little time to make informed decisions.D. It exerts much more psychological pressure on them.64. Why are some people opposed to early decision?A. It interferes with students' learning in high school.B. It is biased against students at ordinary high schools.C. It causes unnecessary confusion among college applicants.D. It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65. What does the author advise college applicants to do?A. Refrain from competing with students from privileged families.B. Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.C. Find sufficient information about their favorite schools.D. Look beyond the few supposedly thrilling options第二篇56．What gives women a ray of hope to achieve work life balance?A.More men taking an extended parental leave．B.People’s changing attitudes towards family．C.More women entering business management．D.The improvement of their socioeconomic status．57．Why does the author say the hope for more full—time fathers is misguided?A.Women are better at taking care of children．B.Many men value work more than their family．C.Their number is too small to make a difference．D.Not many men have the chance to stay at home．58．Why do few men take a long parental leave?A.A long leave will have a negative impact on their career．B.They just have too many responsibilities to fulfill at work．C.The economic loss will be too much for their family to bear．D.They are likely to get fired if absent from work for too lon9．59．What is the most likely reaction to men returning from an extended parental leave?A.Jealousy．B.SurpriseC.AdmirationD.Sympathy．60．What does the author say about high-potential women in the not—too-distant future?A.They will benefit from the trend of more fathers staying at home．B.They will find high—paying professions a bit more family—friendly．C.They are unlikely to break their career trajectory to raise a family．D.They will still face the difficult choice between career and children．61．What does the author try to draw attention to?A.Food riots and hunger in the world．B.News headlines in the leading media．C.The decline of the grain yield growth．D.The food supply in populous countries．62．Why does the author mention India and China in particular?A.Their self-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets．B.Their food yields have begun to decrease sharply in recent years．C.Their big populations are causing worldwide concerns．D 1 Their food self-sufficiency has been taken for granted．63．What does the new study by the two universities say about recent crop improvement efforts?A. They fail to produce the same remarkable results as before the l980s．B.They contribute a lot to the improvement of human food production．C.They play a major role in guaranteeing the food security of the world．D.They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains．64．What does the Food and Agriculture Organisation say about world food production in the coming decades?A.The growing population will greatly increase the pressure on world food supplies．B.The optimistic prediction about food production should be viewed with caution．C. The slowdown of the growth in yields of major food crops will be"reversed．D.The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland．65．How does the author view the argument of the Food and Agriculture Organisation?A.It is built on the findings of a new study．B.It is based on a doubtful assumption．C.It is backed by strong evidence．D. It is open to further discussion．第三篇56.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B.It will protect them from sunburn.C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D.It will work for people of any skin color.57.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58.What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A.Sunscreen should be applied along side other protection measures.B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59.What does the author say about the second Australian study?A.It misl eads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?ing both covering up and sunscreen.B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.ing covering up instead of sunscreen.D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.61.What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A.Younger people are replacing the elderly.B.Well-educated people tend to work longer.C.Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D.People with no college degree do not easily find work.62.What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A.Longer life expectancies.B.A rapid technological advance.C.Profound changes in the workforce.D.A growing number of the well-educated.63.What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A.Economic growth will slow down.ernment budgets will increase.C.More people will try to pursue higher education.D.There will be more competition in the job market.64.What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A.Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B.More people have to receive in-service training.C.Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D.People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65.What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?puters will do more complicated work.B.More will be taken by the educated young.C.Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D.Skills are highly valued regardless of age.。

河南大学历年考研英语真题(带答案)

2011年河南大学研究生英语复试真题（与2010卷基本重复）一、单选：为2010年河南大学英语复试真题单选原题（20分）二、完型：为2010年河南大学英语复试完型填空原题。

（20分）三、阅读：passage 1和passage 2为2010年河南大学复试真题前两个阅读(后两篇阅读理解如下)passage 3（2011年英语考研真题）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator for users‘ responses. But in some cases，one marketer’s owne d media become another marketer’s paid media –for instance，when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began withretailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter，a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing，and may help expand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers，other stakeholders，or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，forexample，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.51.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are （D）[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.52. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature (A)[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.53. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media (C)[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.54. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of (B)[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.55. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？(A)[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Passage 4(2002年考研真题)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Yourhumor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting in a line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor."If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor asthey will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system.If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparentlyoff-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark.Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.56. To make your humor work, you should ___C____.[A] take advantage of different kinds of audience[B] make fun of the disorganized people[C] address different problems to different people[D] show sympathy for your listeners57. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are ___B_____.[A] impolite to new arrivals[B] very conscious of their godlike role[C] entitled to some privileges[D] very busy even during lunch hours58. It can be inferred from the text that public services _D_______.[A] have benefited many people[B] are the focus of public attention[C] are an inappropriate subject for humor[D] have often been the laughing stock59. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ___D_____.[A] in well-worded language[B] as awkwardly as possible[C] in exaggerated statements[D] as casually as possible60. The best title for the text may be ___A_____.[A] Use Humor Effectively[B] Various Kinds of Humor[C] Add Humor to Speech[D] Different Humor Strategies四、翻译（2011年考研真题）(61) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。

河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部

河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部第一篇：河南大学研究生英语听力考试全部Unit1 News:Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers．And contrary to the popular opinion，men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women．A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female.But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers;that's more than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though.Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gilts for other people, while men tend to buy expensive electronics.This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population.Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority.I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.S.C.1.W: Do you have a hobby, Kevin?M: Yes.Sure.I have more than one hobby.W: And do you agree that some hobbies are good while some are bad7 M: Well, in my opinion, yes.Good hobbies are those that give you the opportunity to develop new skills.Bad hobbies, on the other hand, may result in bad habits.Q: What does Kevin say about hobbies? A)He has only one hobby and no bad hobbies.B)He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.C)Hehas both bad hobbies and good ones.D)He thinks one can tam bad hobbies into good ones.2.W: Wow, Stephen, your collection of coins is really amazing.You must be proud o f it.M: Yes.They are ray babies.Collecting these has taught me a lot.It teaches me to be systematic and careful, because I need to sort the coins according to their value and dates.W: And that's why you're a good accountant.Q: What can you learn about Stephen?A)Stephen is good at taking account of everything.B)Stephen's babies are interested in collecting coins.C)Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D)Stephen collects coins because they are valuable.3.W: Did you go fishing today? M: Yes.By the lake, all by myself W: But Roy, every tame you go out fishing, you come back with an empty bag.Why not give it up or try something else, like basketball?M: No.Carol, you don't understand.Fishing makes me happy, because I love sitting alone and doing nothing at all.Q: What can be learned from the conversation? A)Roy often empties his bag when he returns home.B)Roy is trying to persuade Carol to go fishing with h im.C)Roy is only interested in catching fish.D)Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.4.W: Harry, have you heard about a 44-year-old farmer from the village whose hobby is to make machines?M: Yes, Tina.l know he is the inventor and the “father” of the robots in his village.His high-tech products really bring lots of benefits to his family and neighbours.W: The most impressive thing is, while making robots, he has suffered two major disasters.One explosion nearly destroyed his two fingers, and a fire burnt all his belongings.M: And the idea of giving up never occurs to him.Actually, that's the part that touches me most.Q: What impresses Harry and Tina most? A)The farmer makes robotswithout much knowledge about high-tech.B)The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.C)The farmer's hobby has brought great changes to his village.D)The farmer started his hobby at the age of 44.5.M: Marilyn, have you thought about this question? Among all the evil addictions, which is the worst?W: Addiction is addiction, no matter what it is.Drugs, alcohol, smoking, or gambling.And don't forget the Internet.Any addiction comes with pain and sadness.So my answer to your question is, all of them.M: I can't agree.You see, drug addicts don't get much sympathy.Drugs destroy health, family, feelings, and friendships.It makes you live like trash.That's the worst.W: Daniel, any addiction may lead to that.Q: What's Marilyn's attitude towards various addictions? A)She thinks drug addiction is the most dangerous.B)She thinks Internet addiction is the most harmful.C)She thinks addictions that make you trash are the worst.D)She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.Unit2 S.C.1.W: Can we really afford a holiday? We're paying for this house and we have a loan for the furniture.M: Listen.You work hard and I work hard.We're not talking about whether we can have a vacation.We're talking about where and when.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A)A Husband and wife.B)Customer and salesman.C)Father and daughter.D)Co-workers.2.W: You look tired.Why not take a vacation for a change?M: A vacation for a change? Don't you know “no man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one”?Q: What does the man mean? A)No one needs a vacation as much as he does.B)He has just had one.C)A vacation is incredibly good for a change.D)A vacation is even more exhausting 3.W:I’ve packed clothes, toiletries, a sleep mask and a camera, is there anything special I have to take?M: Oh I’ll give you a list of necessities to take.Of course, the coach space is limited.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is preparing presents for her coach B)The woman is packing for her coach.C)The woman is packing for a visit to her coach.D)The woman is packing for her bus tour.4.W: What kind of holiday have you had? M: Terrible.Quite, quite terrible.We certainly won't go on a bus tour again.W: What exactly was the matter? M: The bus itself for a start.It was so old and battered.The only place it was fit for was a museum.Q: What do you learn from the conversation? A)The bus should be kept in the museum.B)The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable.C)The man was taken to only one place to see the sight.D)The bus was too old to be started.5.W: What's the time for your flight? M: I will leave Tokyo on May 21 at 5:30 p.m.on Northwest Airlines Flight 255.It will arrive in Hong Kong SAR at 8:35 p.m.W: I'll meet you at the airport.Q: How long is the flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong SAR? A)3 hours or so.B)9 hours or so.C)21 hours or so.D)5 hours or so.Unit3 Reporter:In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks.White other students might be reading books, Empire students will read on their laptops.Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in Vail, Arizona.Mr.Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you've already given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook，but in this case involves a computer.Mr.Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible.I actually just recently had my students, studying...my American History students, studying the French-Indian War and its impact.And thatsort of document is just not available in a traditional textbook, I would ha ve to say, “Go online or go to a library and find a copy”, whereas with the laptops and with the resources they're using, they have immediate access to it.Reporter: What's the point here? Is it to get Io primary sources or is it to use a medium that youngsters today are more familiar with? How do you, how do you describe what you arc doing'? Mr.Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our reasoning, these are the students who've grown up with the computer, with the Internet, er, as, as kind of organic to their environment.It's not an add-on, like it, like it was to me.And this is normal for them.And so, limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousand page textbook is, from their perspective, I think a little bit abnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and view one topic from 20 different angles, as opposed to just the one angle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very much for talking with you.Mr.Gypton: Thanks so much for your time.S.C.1.W: Mr.Williams, where did you receive your Bachelor's degree in engineering? M: From Iowa University.And I am now working on my Master's.That's part of the reason I applied for this position.W: Oh, that's a good engineering college.You have very impressive qualifications.Q: What's the man doing? A)He is taking an entrance examination.B)He is working as an engineer.C)He is receiving his Bachelor's degree.D)He is at a job interview.2.W: Mr.Carlson, I tried to memorize the script but i keep forgetting the lines.I'm worried I might be a burden to the cast if l keep forgetting them during the rehearsals.M: Look, Jane, you will be just fine if you stop putting so much pressure on yourself.Practice makes perfect, and I'm sure you will get them in no time.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do? A)Hesuggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B)He suggests the woman take a break.C)He suggests he may be able to help her practice her lines.D)He suggests that the woman give up if she is always having these problems.3.W: I'm going to Professor Wilson's office to ask for his help.Do you want to join in? M: I tell you what.I'll study in the lab by myself, and see how it goes.Self-education!Don't you remember what the instructor has always suggested?“ W: Yes, but that's f or advanced learners.We are still at the intermediate level!Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?A)To ask for help from advanced learners.B)To receive assistance from the teacher.C)To study by himself in the lab.D)To join in at the intermediate level.4.M: How long has your husband been studying Chinese culture? W: Him? Forever.He has been totally caught up in it since high school when we first met.M: No kidding!So many years!W: He always says one is never too old to learn.Q: What can you learn about the woman's husband? A)He has been teaching in high school for a long time.B)He is completely lost in a foreign culture.C)He thinks he will never get old.D)He wants to keep learning all his life.5.M: Education is of no use to us.Look, I've got a great idea---we can form a new school of artistic movement.W: You must have lost your mind.Artists usually get rich after they die, I mean, it's an accumulation stuff M: Trust me, that way we will be rich and famous in two years.W: There's a mental clinic around the comer down the street.Q: What does the woman mean? A)It will take them many years to get rich and famous.B)There's a new school of artistic movement around the comer.C)The man's idea is not feasible at all.D)The man has gone mentally insane.Unit 4 News: Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China.Louisa Lirawants to introduce us to an unlikely new champion for Chinese opera.He's a British man who has devoted more than a decade to bringing Chinese opera to new audiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in London in 1993.And that just shocked me.It really moved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born to Iranian Azeri parents.At the age of 32, he gave up his life as a computer animator and enrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn by the difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which has put that much discipline into training the perfect performer.That is what the Beijing Opera is about, the perfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, they sing and dance at the same time as performing heart-stopping feats of acrobatics and sword fighting.Once the show begins, it's clear that Pourazar has taken a Chinese classic and made it his own.The cast is partly non-Chinese.And there's a lot of explanation in English.The story is the much-loved legend of the Monkey King, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone, who learns supernatural skills and uses them to challenge the emperor of heaven.Pourazar is the multilingual monkey.(Singing)Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form that you perform for that audience.What I have done is, by taking it to London, to change the spoken parts into English.And that's, that's within the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit of comedy rap opera to the mix.(Singing)Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff, expressing the more acceptable way.So it'll be more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast, with young Chinese audiences turning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet.Much to Pourazar'ssorrow.S.C.1.M: What channel do you watch on TV?W: I watch mainly news programmes mid classic movies.I hate commercials.There is a lot more advertising than there used to be.M: Nowadays, whatever you're doing in your daily life, it's quite difficult to get away from ads in one tbrm or another.They're all around you!Advertising has always been part of our life.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV.B)The man is complaining about difficulties in his daily life.C)The woman is very interested in the advertisements around her.D)The man dislikes TV advertisements as the woman does.2.W: Excuse me.Can you tell me what your lecture is about? M: Oh, I'm going to lecture on photography of cities.W: Is that about architectural styles of various buildings? M: Well, not exactly.The theme in my photography is ”the history contained in cities“.I spend quite a large amount of time trying to depict life in the city, trying to build a history of cities visually.Q: What is file man interested in?A)He is interested in the progress of architecture.B)He is interested in writing the history of cities.C)He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures.D)He is interested in giving lectures on photography.3.W: Hey, listen to this interesting quiz: ”When the host introduces you to a group of people at a party, what's your typical meet-and-greet smile? Are your ]ips closed over your teeth, or with lips open and teeth revealed?“ M: What? What kind of quiz is that? W: It's a quiz about your character by testing your body language.My Chinese friend did the quiz, and her answer shows she is a shy and withdrawn person.M: I wonder whether that works for us Englishmen.Q: What is the quiz about? A)It is about how to give appropriate smiles at parties.B)It is about how to overcome shyness in sociallife.C)It is about cultural differences between English and Chinese people.D)It is about personality evident in an individual’s gestures.4.M: I really don't understand why Jerry was so cold yesterday when I came to his office, I know I was late.But it was only 20 minutes.W: Well, that's your problem.Jerry is a typical American.He must feel slighted and think you are a rude person.M: In my country, it's normal to be late by 30 minutes.W: But you are not in Brazil now.Q: What do you know about the man? A)The man is a Brazilian.B)The man makes a habit of being late.C)The man has a bad temper.D)The man is rude to his friends.5.W: Hi, Frank, have you just been to your kung fu class? With your.Chinese friends? M: Yes.It's amazing.Speed, power, balance and timing, that's kung fut.We strike with the fist, hand, the elbow, the knee, the foot, the heel, and the bottom.W: So, does that mean you are so tough that nobody can beat you in a right?M: I don't do it for righting, but for exercise.I do this martial art in a gym, not on a battlefield.Q: Why does the man takes a kung fu class? A)He wants to make his body stronger.B)He wants to get the upper hand in a fight.C)He wants to make friends with people in class.D)He wants to learn more about Chinese culture.Unit 5 News: Christopher Reeve: 1996 Democratic National Convention Address Thank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge to the President: Sir, I have seen your train go by, and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something ca lled ”family values“.And like many of you, I have struggled to figure out what that means.And since my accident, I've found a definition that seems to make sense.I think it means that we’re all family.And that we all have value.Now, if that's true,if America really is a family, then we have to recognize that many members of our family are hurting.And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of disability.You may have an aunt with Parkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinal cord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we're really committed to this idea of family, we've got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot tolerate discrimination of any kind.And that's why the Americans with Disabilities Act is so important It must be honored everywhere.It is a Civil Rights Law that is tearing down barriers, both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives.S.C.1.W: Mark, what’s wrong with you? You look so tired.M: Oh, the party was so exciting, I couldn't go to sleep after that.Alice, 1 expected to see you at the party yesterday.W: If I had known that you were going, I would have gone.Q: What do we know about the woman'?A)She didn’t go to the party yesterday.B)She didn't remember seeing the man at the party.C)She left the party before the man arrived.D)She didn't want to see the man.2.M: Hi, Morn.This is Jack.I just got back from the Grand Canyon.The trip was really gorgeous!W: Did you have to wait very long before the plane took off? M: No sooner had we got on the plane than the engine started.Q: What does the man mean? A)They didn't have enough time to get their seals on the plane.B)The pilot had trouble starting rite engine.C)The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.D)They were delayed at the airport.3.M: Professor, could I arrange to take a make-up exam? I won't be able to come to clam on the day of the test.W: And why is that, Jason? M:Well...my dad's having surgery that day, and I want to be there at the hospital.W: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that.I hope it all goes well.Certainly, we can work something out about the exam.Q: What does the woman mean? A)Jason will have to work a little harder.B)She's certain he can work on something else.C)Jason can take the test on another day.D)Jason can skip the test and won't have to make it up.4.M: They called me this morning saying that they couldn't hire me.You know that's nay fourth interview this month.I'm beginning to think nobody will employ me.W: Come on T om, you just have to be patient.M: It's just so hard to be positive when I keep getting doors slammed in my face all the time.W: I know how you feel.But keep your chin up.The next job you go for could be the one.Q: What does the woman imply?A)Come on time and you could be employed next time.B)Be positive about people slamming doors in your face.C)Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.D)Keep your chin up and be proud of yourself.5.M: is the last time I will drive your mother anywhere!I've never met a worse back at driver in my life!W: Honey, Mum's been nervous just getting behind a wheel ever since that guy ran into her.M: That doesn't give her the fight to criticize my driving the whole way!Honestly!Next you need to take your mother somewhere, do me a favor and drive her yourself, Q: Why was the man annoyed? A)He had a worse driver in the back seat of his car.B)He got wit nervous when sitting behind the wheel C)He cannot drive the mother anywhere next time.D)He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.Unit 6Acid Rain Damage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia.Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic?A listener's question on today's ”Earth and Sky“.JB: This is ”Earth and Sky“.with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky.She asks, ”How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?“ DB: Sandr a, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow.But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic.Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain.Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the ”acid“ in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain.The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere and can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog.The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences.We're Block Byrd for ”Earth and Sky".S.C.1.W: Did you know that we waste hundreds of gallons of water every day, simply because people don't turn off their taps properly? M: The problem is that people can't see that by turning off their taps, or switching off a light in their house, they are saving gallons of water and hundreds of trees.Q: What is mainly talked about in this dialogue?A)How to turn off taps properly.B)How to save water every day.C)How to switch off light in the house.D)How to protect waterand trees in nature.2.M: I think government should do whatever is necessary to create more wild animal preserves.They should raise money through environmental awareness campaigns.W: Maybe people could make voluntary contributions when they file their taxes.M: That's a good idea.That way whoever wants to contribute can, but it's not obligatory Q: What does the man mean? A)It is a good idea to set up more wild animal preserves.B)It is necessary to raise money through awareness campaigns.C)It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions.D)It is people's obligation to contribute money.3.W: I heard about the tornado on the radio in Texas.M: Was it as bad as the one in Louisiana? W: It was much worse.A hundred people were killed.M: That's twice as many people.Q: What do we know about the tornado in Louisiana? A)Louisiana tornado was as terrible as the one in Texas.B)Louisiana tornado killed 50 people.C)Louisiana tornado killed 200 people.D)Louisiana tornado was much worse than the one in Texas.4.W: 1 sincerely Peel that animals should not be used for research purpose.M: I don't really agree, I seriously doubt that medical research could be done without animals.W: We seem to be in a dilemma to decide what to do, protect the environment or develop Q: What attitude does the man hold towards using animals for research purposes? A)He is doubtful about medical researches with animals.B)He is in agreement with the woman not to use animals in research.C)He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches.D)He feels in a dilemma whether to protect the environment or not 5.W: Scientists say that water pollution is the biggest problem in the environment.M: Do you believe that'? W: Well, scientists base their statements on studies, don't they? What do you think is the biggest problem? M: Air pollution,because they're always talking about it in the news, aren't they? W: True, but can you always believe what they say in the news? Q: What can be inferred from the conversation? A)The two speakers agree water pollution is the biggest environmental problem.B)The two speakers think air pollution is the biggest environmental problem.C)The two speakers always believe what is talked about in the news.D)The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem.第二篇：2014年河南大学金融研究生考试真题2014年河南大学金融研究生考试真题宏观经济学部分名词解释：1.CPI2.投资成数3.国内生产总值简答1.IS曲线的斜率为什么一般情况下为负2.试述凯恩斯货币需求理论的主要内容3.试述财政政策中自动稳定器发挥作用的原理4.利用AD-AS模型分析宽松性货币政策的影响论述试分析通货膨胀的成因微观经济学部分1.无差异曲线2.超额利润3.恩格尔定律简答题1.简述供给，供给量和供给曲线2.简述相关商品价格变化对需求曲线的影响3.简述消费者均衡与编辑原理论述题试比较分析完全竞争和完全垄断市场效应第三篇：2014年河南大学研究生考试普通生物学试题2014年河南大学研究生入学考试普通生物学试卷一、名词解释1.内孢子2.稳态3.春化作用4.消化吸收5.肌节6.HIV二、简答1.什么是三高膳食？对人体有何危害？2.体液、细胞外液与细胞内液三者之间的关系是什么？3.植物体的营养生长是如何向生殖生长转化的？4.导管和胞管是如何形成的，两者有何不同？5.细菌细胞有何特点？期主要功能是什么？6.赤潮是如何形成的？对生物圈的危害有哪些？三、论述题1.地球生命最基础的作用是什么？请解释原因。

河大研究生英语听力及passage

听力（20分）B) He thinks he can learn skills from hobbiesC) Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D) Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.B) The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.D) She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.A) Husband and wifeD) A vacation is even more exhaustingD) The woman is packing for her bus tourB) The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable Unit 3D) He is a job interviewA) He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B) To receive assistance from the teacherD) He wants to keep learning all his lifeC) The man’s idea is not feasible at allUnit 4A) The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TVC) He is interested in the history of cities shown in picturesD) It is about personality evident in an individual’s gesturesA) The man is a BrazilianA) He wants to make his body stronger.Unit 5A) She didn’t go to the party yesterdayC) The engine started as soon as they got on the planeC) Jason can take the test on another day.C) Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soonD) He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the wayUnit 6D) How to protect water and trees in nature C) It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributionsB) Louisiana tornado killed 50 peopleC) He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researchesD) The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problemUnit 7A) Michael Jordan is both a person’s name and a trademarkB) He is a successful businessmanA) He succeeded quickly by working hardC) Yao Ming’s team should not have lost in the first roundA) A way to keep energetic in life. 听力填空P5Outrageous shopping bills are a familiarnightmare for many compulsive shoppers．Andcontrary to the popular opinion，men suffer thatnightmare nearly as often as women．A newsurvey finds that both genders are almostequally likely to suffer compulsive buyingdisorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable,unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between2 and 16 percent of the US population sufferedcompulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percentof sufferers were female. But a 2004 telephonesurvey of more than 2,500 American adultsfound that 6 percent of women and about 5.5percent of men are compulsive shoppers; that'smore than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aislesthough. Experts say that women are more likelyto binge buy things like clothes or gilts for otherpeople, while men tend to buy expensiveelectronics. This survey is the first to find sucha high number of compulsive shoppers in thegeneral population.Study authors hope that this finding canconvince doctors of how many people are hurtby the disorder, so they can make finding acure a priority.I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.P34Reporter: In Vail, Arizona, a new school with anew idea: no textbooks. White other studentsmight be reading books, Empire students willread on their laptops. Jeremy Gypton, a historyteacher at Empire High School in Vail, Arizona.Mr. Gypton, tell us about the assignment thatyou've already given, that might otherwise haveinvolved a textbook, but i n this case involves acomputer.Mr. Gypton: Well, with the, with history I try touse as many primary source documents aspossible. I actually just recently had mystudents, studying...my American Historystudents, studying the French-Indian War and itsimpact. And that sort of document is just notavailable in a traditional textbook, 1 wouldhave to say, "Go online or go to a library andfind a copy", whereas with the laptops and withthe resources they're using, they haveimmediate access to it.Reporter:What's the point here? Is it to get Ioprimary sources or is it to use a medium thatyoungsters today are more familiar with? Howdo you, how do you describe what you arcdoing'?Mr. Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, ourreasoning, these are the students who've grownup with the computer, with the Internet, er, as,as kind of organic to their environment. It's notan add-on, like it, like it was to me. And this isnormal for them. And so, limiting them, by likesort of a traditional, maybe thousand pagetextbook is, from their perspective, I think alittle bit abnormal, because they are used tobeing able to reach out, and view one topic from20 different angles, as opposed to just the oneangle that a textbook would present.Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very muchfor talking with you.Mr. Gipson: Thanks so much for your time.P51Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying artin China. Louisa Lira wants to introduce us toan unlikely new champion for Chinese opera.He's a British man who has devoted more thana decade to bringing Chinese opera to newaudiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in Londonin 1993. And that just shocked me. It reallymoved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born toIranian Azeri parents. At the age of 32, he gaveup his life as a computer animator andenrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn bythe difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which hasput that much discipline into training theperfect performer. That is what the BeijingOpera is about, the perfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, theysing and dance at the same time as performingheart-stopping feats of aerobatics and swordfighting. Once the show begins, it's clear thatPourazar has taken a Chinese classic and madeit his own. The cast is partly non-Chinese. Andthere's a lot of explanation in English. Thestory is the much-loved legend of the MonkeyKing, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone,who learns supernatural skills and uses themto challenge the emperor of heaven. Pourazar isthe multilingual monkey.Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form thatyou perform for that audience. What I havedone is, by taking it to London, to change thespoken parts into English. And that's, that'swithin the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit ofcomedy rap opera to the mix.Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera winsgood reviews from both Western and Chineseaudience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff,expressing the more acceptable way. So it'llbe more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera isfading fast, with young Chinese audiencesturning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet.Much to Pourazar's sorrow.P67 speechThank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge tothe President: Sir, I have seen your train goby,and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard alot about something called "family values". Andlike many of you, I have struggled to figure outwhat that means. And since my accident, I'vefound a definition that seems to make sense. Ithink it means that we’re all family. And that weall have value.Now, if that's true, if America really is afamily, then we have to recognize that manymembers of our family are hurting. And just totake one aspect of it, one in five of us has somekind of disability. You may have an aunt withParkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinalcord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we'rereally committed to this idea of family, we'vegot to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot toleratediscrimination of any kind. And that's why theAmericans with Disabilities Act is so importantIt must be honored everywhere. It is a CivilRights Law that is tearing down barriers,both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabledaccess not only to buildings but to everyopportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give itsfull support to the caregivers who are helpingpeople with disabilities live independent lives.P82Damage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic?A listener's question on today's "Earth and Sky".JB: This is "Earth and Sky". with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky. She asks, "How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?" DB: Sandra, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow. But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic. Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain. Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the "acid" in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain. The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphere and can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog. The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences. We're Block Byrd for "Earth and Sky".P19 passageTourismTourism is really a big business these days. It’s amazing . It involves hotels . transportation . shops . and thousands of people . The tour companies keep telling us what a good thing it is …about how much we can learn about people and customs . but sometimes wonder if this is really true.A couple that 1 know went abroad last summer . They travelled with a tour group . It’s interesting to compare their experiences with some of the experiences of other people in the same tour group . My friends . fortunately . had some …some acquaintances . or friends . actually . along the route of their tour . In some of the cities they were going , they knew of the …they knew some local people and they could eat some of the local food and maybe see some of the local sights .Other members of the tour group . however , never got out of the group at all . They …they never went out and did a thing on their own．Of course the tour company leaves it pretty much up to the people to do whatever they want .I understand why people wouldn’t go out on their own because of the language problems and being a little bit afraid . It seems to methat the more tourists can mix with local people . the better off everyone is . If tour companies emphasized that . everyone really would learn about other people and other customs. P33 passageLike most students at Fort Hays StateUniversity . Nola Ochs plans to spend Sometime reading and studying during this week ‘sfa11 break . But she’ll take time out onWednesday to celebrate her 95th birthday .Ochs is living on campus while pursuing herdegree in theology at the university . She hasabout 15 hours of classes to take next semesterto get her bachelor’s degree . If she does it .Ochs will be The Guinness Book of WorldRecords’ oldest college graduat e . But it willalso be the culmination of a lifetime of learning .She started at Fort Hays in 1930 . when it wasknown as Kansas State Teachers College , In the1970’s . she took classes part-time at acommunity college and completed a few virtualclasses on the Internet before deciding to attendclasses this semester .On Friday . her family and fellow classmateswill throw her a birthday party . Her son, AlanOchs ．flew in from Jetmore for the occasion .Her granddaughter, Alexandra Ochs didn’t haveto travel as far －she’s in the same class as hergrandmother ．After the party . Alan Ochs willtake his mother home for Thanksgiving break.“We ‘re happy to get her back home for awhile,”he said. “We missed having her outthere . especially through the fall harvest . "Though Nola 15 amused by her potential statusas the world’s oldest graduate . she said she’smore excited about getting to walk at thegraduation ceremony with her granddaughter .P66 passageAn Act of Caring By Mike TetleyI was being interviewed by a senior managerfor a major insurance company . I honestly saidthat the principal reason for my interview withthem was my need to keep my family in Boston.My wife of 26 years had recently died. A job inBoston would help me reduce the extreme painof the loss for my 16-year-old daughter, since itis important to keep her in her present school .I could still barely talk about the loss of mywife . Bruce , the interviewer, was politelyempathetic , but he didn't probe any further . Heacknowledged my loss and , with great respect ,moved on to another subject .After the next interview , Bruce took me tolunch and asked me to take a walk with him .He told me that he, too, had lost his wife of20 years . In his sharing ,I realized that he hadexperienced the same pain as mine---a painalmost impossible to explain to someone whohad not lost a loved One . He offered hisbusiness Card and home phone number andsuggested that , should I need someone to talkto ,I should feel free to call him .Whether I got the job or not , he wanted meto know that he was there if I ever needed help .From that one act of kindness . when he hadno idea if we would ever see each other again,he helped our family deal with one of life'sgreatest losses . He turned the normally coldbusiness interview process into an act of caringand support for another person in a time ofextreme need .P76 passageIn Junior high school . 1 grew much taller thanmost of my peers Being so tall made meuncomfortable. In order to keep the focus offmy unusual height . 1 would play practical jokeson other kids at school . Being one of the classclowns gave me a way to think that the Jokeswere directed at others . and not at me .Once before a gym class . 1 put ICY HOT In thegym shorts of one of the kids on the basketballteam Not only was he terribly embarrassed . buthe also had to 90 to the school infirmary. 1thought It was funny . but it ended up that noone thought it was --least of all my fatherMy parents always reminded me about TheGolden Rule : to treat others as 1 would like tobe treated Many times . 1 was disciplined forthe hurtful way 1 was treating others My friendswere looking up to me because 1 was tall . butwhat did they see ,My parents wanted me to be a decent humanbeing . They taught me to set my own goals .and to be a big man in my heart and actions . aswell as in my body . 1 had to question myselfwhether it was important to be the kind ofperson my father believed 1 was inside . 1 knewin my heart he was right .Once 1 focused On being the best that 1 couldbe at basketball and became a leader in thegame . 1 took my responsibility to seta goodexample more seriously because of my father ' sadvice 1 now pass it on to you .Be a leader . Shaq . not a follower. Sincepeople already have to look up to you . givethem a good reason to do so . "P81 passageA Law to Help Protect Endangered SpeciesMany species are now in danger ofbecoming extinct. Among the threats toendangered species are businesses that buy andsell animals for their skin and other parts.Unfortunately the people who run thesebusinesses are not discouraged by fines .They simply see it as just another businessexpense. A better way to control the problemwould be to force whoever is caught buying orselling products made from endangered speciesto perform community service. Theircommunity service should require work thathelps protect the animals they are harming.Such a law could be quite effective. Ifpeople trafficking in illegal animal productswere forced to help endangered species, theymight understand how destructive their businessis. Also, their community service tasks wouldturn them into helpers rather than destroyers. Inthe process of fulfilling tasks, they will see theimportance of protecting the animals.Some might argue that community servicewould not be an effective way to protectendangered species because it would not reallyconvince people to abandon a profitablebusiness. However, community service wouldbe much more effective than fines alone.Paying a fine is as easy as writing a check,but doing community service reveals yourresponsibility and obligation as a citizen.We must do whatever we can to save allspecies so that the complex web of life isprotected. For this reason, we need stronger,more effective penalties such as the one I amproposing .翻译But the American future didn’t turn out as we expected. While Europeans cut the hours they spend at the office or factory-in France it is illegal to work more than35 hours a week-and lengthened their vacations, Americans were concluding that you could be happy only if you work hard and play hard. So they began to stay at their jobs longer than ever and then, injam-packed weekends at places like the Hamptons on Long Island, invented the uniquely American concept of scheduled joy, filling a day off with one appointment after another, as if were no different from one at the office. American conservatives, meanwhile, came to believe that European’s desire to devote themselves to the pleasures of life and-the shame of it-six weeks annual vacation was evidence of a lack of seriousness and would, in any event, end in economic tears.但美国的未来并没有成为我们所期待的那样。

河南大学历年考研英语真题（带答案）-推荐下载

（20分）三、阅读：passage 1和passage 2为2010年河南大学复试真题前两个阅读(后两篇阅读理解如下)passage 3（2011年英语考研真题）The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got whatmedia –　such as you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid”　television commercials and print advertisements –　still play a major role，companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.media by Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned”　sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting theirown products. For earned media ，such marketers act as the initiator，one marketer’s owned media for users‘ responses. But in some casespaid media –　f or instance，when an e-become another marketer’scommerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such soldmedia as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ，which we believe is still in its infancy，effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson，for example，has created BabyCenter， a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income，the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective，gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information，and may help expand about the appeal of other companies’ marketinguser traffic for all companies concerned. The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more （and more diverse）communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker，more visible，and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media：an asset or，other stakeholders，or campaign becomes hostage to consumersactivists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks，for instance，are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them. If that happens，passionate consumers would try to persuadeothers to boycott products，putting the reputation of the target companyat risk. In such a case，the company‘s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful，and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor，for example，alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign，which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.（D） 51.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are [A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites. [B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them. [C] eager to help their friends promote quality products. [D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products. 52. According to Paragraph 2，sold media feature (A) [A] a safe business environment. [B] random competition. [C] strong user traffic. [D] flexibility in organization. 53. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media (C) [A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers. [B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing. [C] may be responsible for fiercer competition. [D] deserve all the negative comments about them. 54. Toyota Motor‘s experience is cited as an example of (B) [A] responding effectively to hijacked media. [B] persuading customers into boycotting products. [C] cooperating with supportive consumers. [D] taking advantage of hijacked media. 55. Which of the following is the text mainly about ？(A) [A] Alternatives to conventional paid media. [B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media. [C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Passage 4(2002年考研真题)If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view. Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different. If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses. Here is an example, which I heard at a nurses' convention, of a story which works well because the audience all shared the same view of doctors. A man arrives in heaven and is being shown around by St. Peter. He sees wonderful accommodations, beautiful gardens, sunny weather, and so on. Everyone is very peaceful, polite and friendly until, waiting ina line for lunch, the new arrival is suddenly pushed aside by a man in a white coat, who rushes to the head of the line, grabs his food and stomps over to a table by himself. "Who is that?" the new arrival asked St. Peter. "Oh, that's God," came the reply, "but sometimes he thinks he's a doctor." If you are part of the group which you are addressing, you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it'll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark aboutthe inedible canteen food or the chairman's notorious bad taste in ties. With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor as they will resent an outsider making disparaging remarks about their canteen or their chairman. You will be on safer ground if you stick to scapegoats like the Post Office or the telephone system. If you feel awkward being humorous, you must practice so that it becomes more natural. Include a few casual and apparently off-the-cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner. Often it's the delivery which causes the audience to smile, so speak slowly and remember that a raised eyebrow or an unbelieving look may help to show that you are making a light-hearted remark. Look for the humor. It often comes from the unexpected. A twist on a familiar quote "If at first you don't succeed, give up" or a play on words or on a situation. Search for exaggeration and understatements. Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and inject with humor.56. To make your humor work, you should ___C____. [A] take advantage of different kinds of audience [B] make fun of the disorganized people [C] address different problems to different people [D] show sympathy for your listeners57. The joke about doctors implies that, in the eyes of nurses, they are___B_____. [A] impolite to new arrivals [B] very conscious of their godlike role [C] entitled to some privileges [D] very busy even during lunch hours58. It can be inferred from the text that public services _D_______. [A] have benefited many people [B] are the focus of public attention [C] are an inappropriate subject for humor [D] have often been the laughing stock59. To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ___D_____. [A] in well-worded language [B] as awkwardly as possible [C] in exaggerated statements [D] as casually as possible60. The best title for the text may be ___A_____. [A] Use Humor Effectively [B] Various Kinds of Humor [C] Add Humor to Speech [D] Different Humor Strategies四、翻译（2011年考研真题）(61) Allen’scontribution was to take an assumption we all share--that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature.我们每个人都认为：自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献在于他研究了这一假说，并揭示其错误的本质。

语法复习资料河南省考研语法重点归纳

语法复习资料河南省考研语法重点归纳第一部分：名词名词是表示人、事物、地点、情感等具体或抽象事物的词。

它在句子中可担任主语、宾语、表语等成分。

1. 名词的分类名词可分为以下几类：1.1 专有名词：表示特定的人、地点或机构名称，如中国、李明、北京大学等。

1.2 普通名词：表示一类人或事物，如桌子、学生、雨等。

1.3 集合名词：表示由若干个相同或相似的人或事物组成的集合，如群众、家具、鞋子等。

1.4 物质名词：表示无法触摸和看见的物质和抽象概念，如雨、快乐、空气等。

1.5 数词：表示数目或次序，如一、二、第一等。

1.6 量词：表示计量单位，如一本、一些、两块等。

1.7 形容词性物主代词：表示所有关系，如我的、你们的等。

2. 名词的性数名词的性数有单数和复数之分。

2.1 单数：表示一个人或事物，如一只猫、一本书。

2.2 复数：表示多个人或事物，如两只猫、几本书。

3. 名词的所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系。

3.1 一般情况下，在名词后面加's来表示所属关系，如Tom's book （汤姆的书）。

3.2 若名词已经以s结尾，则只需在名词后面加'来表示所属关系，如the girls' books（女孩们的书）。

3.3 当名词为复数形式时，如children，则只需在名词后面加'来表示所属关系，如the children's toys（孩子们的玩具）。

4. 名词的用法4.1 名词作主语时，通常放在句子的开头位置，如Books are my best friends（书是我的最好的朋友）。

4.2 名词作宾语时，放在动词或介词的后面，如She likes apples（她喜欢苹果）；I have a cat（我有一只猫）。

4.3 名词作表语时，放在系动词的后面，如He is a teacher（他是位老师）；The book is interesting（这本书很有趣）。

河南大学研究报告生英语听力考试全部

Unit1News:Outrageous shopping bills are a familiar nightmare for many compulsive shoppers．And contrary to the popular opinion，men suffer that nightmare nearly as often as women．A new survey finds that both genders are almost equally likely to suffer compulsive buying disorder, a condition marked by uncontrollable, unnecessary and unaffordable shopping sprees.Researchers used to estimate that between 2 and 16 percent of the US population suffered compulsive buying disorder, and that 90 percent of sufferers were female. But a 2004 telephone survey of more than 2,500 American adults found that 6 percent of women and about 5.5 percent of men are compulsive shoppers; that's more than 1 in 20 adults.The sexes do not shop at the same aisles though. Experts say that women are more likely to binge buy things like clothes or gilts for other people, while men tend to buy expensive electronics. This survey is the first to find such a high number of compulsive shoppers in the general population.Study authors hope that this finding can convince doctors of how many people are hurt by the disorder, so they can make finding a cure a priority.I'm Bill Blakemore in New York.S.C.1. W: Do you have a hobby, Kevin?M: Yes. Sure. I have more than one hobby.W: And do you agree that some hobbies are good while some are bad7M: Well, in my opinion, yes. Good hobbies are those that give you the opportunity to develop new skills. Bad hobbies, on the other hand, may result in bad habits.Q: What does Kevin say about hobbies?A) He has only one hobby and no bad hobbies.B) He thinks he can learn skills from good hobbies.C) He has both bad hobbies and good ones.D) He thinks one can tam bad hobbies into good ones.2. W: Wow, Stephen, your collection of coins is really amazing. You must be proud o f it.M: Yes. They are ray babies. Collecting these has taught me a lot. It teaches me to be systematic and careful, because I need to sort the coins according to their value and dates.W: And that's why you're a good accountant.Q: What can you learn about Stephen?A) Stephen is good at taking account of everything.B) Stephen's babies are interested in collecting coins.C) Stephen learns to be systematic from his hobby.D) Stephen collects coins because they are valuable.3. W: Did you go fishing today?M: Yes. By the lake, all by myselfW: But Roy, every tame you go out fishing, you come back with an emptybag. Why not give it up or try something else, like basketball?M: No. Carol, you don't understand. Fishing makes me happy, because I love sitting alone and doing nothing at all.Q: What can be learned from the conversation?A) Roy often empties his bag when he returns home.B) Roy is trying to persuade Carol to go fishing with him.C) Roy is only interested in catching fish.D) Roy’s real interest in fishing is sitting alone and doing nothing.4. W: Harry, have you heard about a 44-year-old farmer from the village whose hobby is to make machines?M: Yes, Tina. l know he is the inventor and the "father" of the robots in his village. His high-tech products really bring lots of benefits to his family and neighbours.W: The most impressive thing is, while making robots, he has suffered two major disasters. One explosion nearly destroyed his two fingers, and a fire burnt all his belongings.M: And the idea of giving up never occurs to him. Actually, that's the part that touches me most.Q: What impresses Harry and Tina most?A) The farmer makes robots without much knowledge about high-tech.B) The farmer has held on to his hobby even though he met with great difficulties.C) The farmer's hobby has brought great changes to his village.D) The farmer started his hobby at the age of 44.5. M: Marilyn, have you thought about this question? Among all the evil addictions, which is the worst?W: Addiction is addiction, no matter what it is. Drugs, alcohol, smoking, or gambling. And don't forget the Internet. Any addiction comes with pain and sadness. So my answer to your question is, all of them.M: I can't agree. You see, drug addicts don't get much sympathy. Drugs destroy health, family, feelings, and friendships. It makes you live like trash. That's the worst.W: Daniel, any addiction may lead to that.Q: What's Marilyn's attitude towards various addictions?A) She thinks drug addiction is the most dangerous.B) She thinks Internet addiction is the most harmful.C) She thinks addictions that make you trash are the worst.D) She thinks every addiction is as bad as the other.Unit2S.C.1. W: Can we really afford a holiday? We're paying for this house and we have a loan for the furniture.M: Listen. You work hard and I work hard. We're not talking about whether we can have a vacation. We're talking about where and when.Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A) A Husband and wife.B) Customer and salesman.C) Father and daughter.D) Co-workers.2. W: You look tired. Why not take a vacation for a change?M: A vacation for a change? Don't you know "no man needs a vacation so much as the man who has just had one"?Q: What does the man mean?A) No one needs a vacation as much as he does.B) He has just had one.C) A vacation is incredibly good for a change.D) A vacation is even more exhausting3. W: I’ve packed clothes, toiletries, a sleep mask and a camera, is there anything special I have to take?M: Oh I’ll give you a list of necessities to take. Of course, the coach space is limited.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?A)The woman is preparing presents for her coachB) The woman is packing for her coach.C) The woman is packing for a visit to her coach.D) The woman is packing for her bus tour.4. W: What kind of holiday have you had?M: Terrible. Quite, quite terrible. We certainly won't go on a bus tour again. W: What exactly was the matter?M: The bus itself for a start. It was so old and battered. The only place it was fit for was a museum.Q: What do you learn from the conversation?A) The bus should be kept in the museum.B) The bus was too worn out and uncomfortable.C) The man was taken to only one place to see the sight.D) The bus was too old to be started.5. W: What's the time for your flight?M: I will leave Tokyo on May 21 at 5:30 p.m. on Northwest Airlines Flight 255. It will arrive in Hong Kong SAR at 8:35 p.m.W: I'll meet you at the airport.Q: How long is the flight from Tokyo to Hong Kong SAR?A) 3 hours or so.B) 9 hours or so.C) 21 hours or so.D) 5 hours or so.Unit3Reporter:In Vail, Arizona, a new school with a new idea: no textbooks. White otherstudents might be reading books, Empire students will read on their laptops. Jeremy Gypton, a history teacher at Empire High School in Vail, Arizona. Mr. Gypton, tell us about the assignment that you've already given, that might otherwise have involved a textbook, but i n this case involves a computer.Mr. Gypton:Well, with the, with history I try to use as many primary source documents as possible. I actually just recently had my students, studying...my American History students, studying the French-Indian War and its impact. And that sort of document is just not available in a traditional textbook, I would have to say, "Go online or go to a library and find a copy", whereas with the laptops and with the resources they're using, they have immediate access to it. Reporter:What's the point here? Is it to get Io primary sources or is it to use a medium that youngsters today are more familiar with? How do you, how do you describe what you arc doing'?Mr. Gypton: When it comes to our, I guess, our reasoning, these are the students who've grown up with the computer, with the Internet, er, as, as kind of organic to their environment. It's not an add-on, like it, like it was to me. And this is normal for them. And so, limiting them, by like sort of a traditional, maybe thousand page textbook is, from their perspective, I think a little bit abnormal, because they are used to being able to reach out, and view one topic from 20 different angles, as opposed to just the one angle that a textbook would present. Reporter: Jeremy Gypton, thank you very much for talking with you.Mr. Gypton: Thanks so much for your time.S.C.1. W: Mr. Williams, where did you receive your Bachelor's degree in engineering?M: From Iowa University. And I am now working on my Master's. That's part of the reason I applied for this position.W: Oh, that's a good engineering college. You have very impressive qualifications.Q: What's the man doing?A) He is taking an entrance examination.B) He is working as an engineer.C) He is receiving his Bachelor's degree.D) He is at a job interview.2. W: Mr. Carlson, I tried to memorize the script but i keep forgetting the lines. I'm worried I might be a burden to the cast if l keep forgetting them during the rehearsals.M: Look, Jane, you will be just fine if you stop putting so much pressure on yourself. Practice makes perfect, and I'm sure you will get them in no time.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?A) He suggests the woman keep trying until she gets it right.B) He suggests the woman take a break.C) He suggests he may be able to help her practice her lines.D) He suggests that the woman give up if she is always having these problems.3. W: I'm going to Professor Wilson's office to ask for his help. Do you want to join in?M: I tell you what. I'll study in the lab by myself, and see how it goes. Self-education! Don't you remember what the instructor has always suggested?" W: Yes, but that's for advanced learners. We are still at the intermediate level! Q: What does the woman advise the man to do?A) To ask for help from advanced learners.B) To receive assistance from the teacher.C) To study by himself in the lab.D) To join in at the intermediate level.4. M: How long has your husband been studying Chinese culture?W: Him? Forever. He has been totally caught up in it since high school when we first met.M: No kidding! So many years!W: He always says one is never too old to learn.Q: What can you learn about the woman's husband?A) He has been teaching in high school for a long time.B) He is completely lost in a foreign culture.C) He thinks he will never get old.D) He wants to keep learning all his life.5. M: Education is of no use to us. Look, I've got a great idea---we can form a new school of artistic movement.W: You must have lost your mind. Artists usually get rich after they die, I mean, it's an accumulation stuffM: Trust me, that way we will be rich and famous in two years.W: There's a mental clinic around the comer down the street.Q: What does the woman mean?A) It will take them many years to get rich and famous.B) There's a new school of artistic movement around the comer.C) The man's idea is not feasible at all.D) The man has gone mentally insane.Unit 4News:Beijing Opera is largely seen as a dying art in China. Louisa Lira wants to introduce us to an unlikely new champion for Chinese opera. He's a British man who has devoted more than a decade to bringing Chinese opera to new audiences.Ghaffar: And I saw a Beijing Opera in London in 1993. And that just shocked me. It really moved me.Louisa: Ghaffar Pourazar is British, born to Iranian Azeri parents. At the age of 32, he gave up his life as a computer animator and enrolled in a Beijing Opera school, drawn by the difficulty of mastering this art form.Ghaffar: And there is no other culture which has put that much discipline into training the perfect performer. That is what the Beijing Opera is about, theperfect performer.Louisa: On stage, the actors not only act, they sing and dance at the same time as performing heart-stopping feats of acrobatics and sword fighting. Once the show begins, it's clear that Pourazar has taken a Chinese classic and made it his own. The cast is partly non-Chinese. And there's a lot of explanation in English. The story is the much-loved legend of the Monkey King, a mischievous monkey ham from a stone, who learns supernatural skills and uses them to challenge the emperor of heaven. Pourazar is the multilingual monkey.(Singing)Ghaffar: It's within the rules of the art form that you perform for that audience. What I have done is, by taking it to London, to change the spoken parts into English. And that's, that's within the rules of the opera.(Singing)Louisa: That even means adding a bit of comedy rap opera to the mix. (Singing)Louisa: And this hybrid bilingual opera wins good reviews from both Western and Chinese audience members.A Man: And that's really Chinese stuff, expressing the more acceptable way. So it'll be more popular.Louisa: But the popularity of Beijing Opera is fading fast, with young Chinese audiences turning to karaoke, DVDs and the Internet. Much to Pourazar's sorrow.S.C.1. M: What channel do you watch on TV?W: I watch mainly news programmes mid classic movies. I hate commercials. There is a lot more advertising than there used to be.M: Nowadays, whatever you're doing in your daily life, it's quite difficult to get away from ads in one tbrm or another. They're all around you! Advertising has always been part of our life.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?A) The woman is unhappy about too many advertisements on TV.B) The man is complaining about difficulties in his daily life.C) The woman is very interested in the advertisements around her.D) The man dislikes TV advertisements as the woman does.2. W: Excuse me. Can you tell me what your lecture is about?M: Oh, I'm going to lecture on photography of cities.W: Is that about architectural styles of various buildings?M: Well, not exactly. The theme in my photography is "the history contained in cities". I spend quite a large amount of time trying to depict life in the city, trying to build a history of cities visually.Q: What is file man interested in?A) He is interested in the progress of architecture.B) He is interested in writing the history of cities.C) He is interested in the history of cities shown in pictures.D) He is interested in giving lectures on photography.3. W: Hey, listen to this interesting quiz: "When the host introduces you to a group of people at a party, what's your typical meet-and-greet smile? Are your ]ips closed over your teeth, or with lips open and teeth revealed?"M: What? What kind of quiz is that?W: It's a quiz about your character by testing your body language. My Chinese friend did the quiz, and her answer shows she is a shy and withdrawn person. M: I wonder whether that works for us Englishmen.Q: What is the quiz about?A) It is about how to give appropriate smiles at parties.B) It is about how to overcome shyness in social life.C) It is about cultural differences between English and Chinese people.D) It is about personality evident in an individual’s gestures.4. M: I really don't understand why Jerry was so cold yesterday when I came to his office, I know I was late. But it was only 20 minutes.W: Well, that's your problem. Jerry is a typical American. He must feel slighted and think you are a rude person.M: In my country, it's normal to be late by 30 minutes.W: But you are not in Brazil now.Q: What do you know about the man?A) The man is a Brazilian.B) The man makes a habit of being late.C) The man has a bad temper.D) The man is rude to his friends.5. W: Hi, Frank, have you just been to your kung fu class? With your. Chinese friends?M: Yes. It's amazing. Speed, power, balance and timing, that's kung fut. We strike with the fist, hand, the elbow, the knee, the foot, the heel, and the bottom.W: So, does that mean you are so tough that nobody can beat you in a right? M: I don't do it for righting, but for exercise. I do this martial art in a gym, not on a battlefield.Q: Why does the man takes a kung fu class?A) He wants to make his body stronger.B) He wants to get the upper hand in a fight.C) He wants to make friends with people in class.D) He wants to learn more about Chinese culture.Unit 5News: Christopher Reeve: 1996 Democratic National Convention Address Thank you very, very much.Well, I just have to start with a challenge to the President: Sir, I have seen your train go by, and I think I can beat it.I'll even give you a head start.And over the last few years we have heard a lot about something called "family values". And like many of you, I have struggled to figure out what thatmeans. And since my accident, I've found a definition that seems to make sense.I think it means that we’re all family. And that we all have value.Now, if that's true, if America really is a family, then we have to recognize that many members of our family are hurting. And just to take one aspect of it, one in five of us has some kind of disability. You may have an aunt with Parkinson's disease, a neighbor with a spinal cord injury, or a brother with AIDS, and if we're really committed to this idea of family, we've got to do something about it.Now first of all, our nation cannot tolerate discrimination of any kind. And that's why the Americans with Disabilities Act is so importantIt must be honored everywhere. It is a Civil Rights Law that is tearing down barriers, both in architecture and in attitude.Its purpose its purpose is to give the disabled access not only to buildings but to every opportunity in society.Now, I strongly believe our nation must give its full support to the caregivers who are helping people with disabilities live independent lives.S.C.1. W: Mark, what’s wrong with you? You look so tired.M: Oh, the party was so exciting, I couldn't go to sleep after that. Alice, 1 expected to see you at the party yesterday.W: If I had known that you were going, I would have gone.Q: What do we know about the woman'?A) She didn’t go to the party yesterday.B) She didn't remember seeing the man at the party.C) She left the party before the man arrived.D) She didn't want to see the man.2. M: Hi, Morn. This is Jack. I just got back from the Grand Canyon. The trip was really gorgeous!W: Did you have to wait very long before the plane took off?M: No sooner had we got on the plane than the engine started.Q: What does the man mean?A) They didn't have enough time to get their seals on the plane.B) The pilot had trouble starting rite engine.C) The engine started as soon as they got on the plane.D) They were delayed at the airport.3. M: Professor, could I arrange to take a make-up exam? I won't be able to come to clam on the day of the test.W: And why is that, Jason?M: Well... my dad's having surgery that day, and I want to be there at the hospital.W: Oh, I'm sorry to hear that. I hope it all goes well. Certainly, we can work something out about the exam.Q: What does the woman mean?A) Jason will have to work a little harder.B) She's certain he can work on something else.C) Jason can take the test on another day.D) Jason can skip the test and won't have to make it up.4. M: They called me this morning saying that they couldn't hire me. You know that's nay fourth interview this month. I'm beginning to think nobody will employ me.W: Come on Tom, you just have to be patient.M: It's just so hard to be positive when I keep getting doors slammed in my face all the time.W: I know how you feel. But keep your chin up. The next job you go for could be the one.Q: What does the woman imply?A) Come on time and you could be employed next time.B) Be positive about people slamming doors in your face.C) Cheer up and you would be able to get a job soon.D) Keep your chin up and be proud of yourself.5. M: is the last time I will drive your mother anywhere! I've never met a worse back at driver in my life!W: Honey, Mum's been nervous just getting behind a wheel ever since that guy ran into her.M: That doesn't give her the fight to criticize my driving the whole way! Honestly! Next you need to take your mother somewhere, do me a favor and drive her yourself,Q: Why was the man annoyed?A) He had a worse driver in the back seat of his car.B) He got wit nervous when sitting behind the wheelC) He cannot drive the mother anywhere next time.D) He was criticized by the woman’s mother all the way.Unit 6 Acid RainDamage from acid rain is widespread not just in eastern North America, but throughout Europe, Japan, China, and Southeast Asia. Is the rain that's falling on your umbrella acidic?A listener's question on today's "Earth and Sky".JB: This is "Earth and Sky". with a question from Sandra Renee of Olive Hill, Kentucky. She asks, "How do you know when it rains that it's not acid rain, and what exactly acid rain'?"DB: Sandra, you need a pH meter to reliably measure the acidity of rain or snow. But in certain parts of the US--especially in the Northeast--you can probably assume that most rain will be at least somewhat acidic. Westerly winds move pollutants eastward, so the eastern US gets more acid rain.JB: Acid rain happens when airborne acids fail down to earth in rain. Electrical utility plants plaints that bum fossil fuels emit chemicals into the atmosphere that react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid--the "acid" in acid rain You don't have to live next door to a power plant to get showered by acid rain. The~ acid pollutants reach high into the atmosphereand can travel with wind currents for hundreds of kilometers.DB: The acids in acid rain are corrosive chemicals that leach nutrients from the soil slow the growth of trees, poison lakes and combine with other chemicals to form urban smog. The simplest way to curtail acid rain is to use less energy from fossil fuels.JB: Special thanks today to the Camille & Henry Dreyfus Foundation, a private foundation dedicated to advancing research and education in the chemical sciences. We're Block Byrd for "Earth and Sky".S.C.1. W: Did you know that we waste hundreds of gallons of water every day, simply because people don't turn off their taps properly?M: The problem is that people can't see that by turning off their taps, or switching off a light in their house, they are saving gallons of water and hundreds of trees.Q: What is mainly talked about in this dialogue?A) How to turn off taps properly.B) How to save water every day.C) How to switch off light in the house.D) How to protect water and trees in nature.2. M: I think government should do whatever is necessary to create more wild animal preserves. They should raise money through environmental awareness campaigns.W: Maybe people could make voluntary contributions when they file their taxes.M: That's a good idea. That way whoever wants to contribute can, but it's not obligatoryQ: What does the man mean?A) It is a good idea to set up more wild animal preserves.B) It is necessary to raise money through awareness campaigns.C) It is a good idea for people to make voluntary contributions.D) It is people's obligation to contribute money.3. W: I heard about the tornado on the radio in Texas.M: Was it as bad as the one in Louisiana?W: It was much worse. A hundred people were killed.M: That's twice as many people.Q: What do we know about the tornado in Louisiana?A) Louisiana tornado was as terrible as the one in Texas.B) Louisiana tornado killed 50 people.C) Louisiana tornado killed 200 people.D) Louisiana tornado was much worse than the one in Texas.4. W: 1 sincerely Peel that animals should not be used for research purpose.M: I don't really agree, I seriously doubt that medical research could be done without animals.W: We seem to be in a dilemma to decide what to do, protect the environmentv .. . ..or developQ: What attitude does the man hold towards using animals for research purposes?A) He is doubtful about medical researches with animals.B) He is in agreement with the woman not to use animals in research.C) He feels it necessary to use animals in medical researches.D) He feels in a dilemma whether to protect the environment or not5. W: Scientists say that water pollution is the biggest problem in the environment.M: Do you believe that'?W: Well, scientists base their statements on studies, don't they? What do you think is the biggest problem?M: Air pollution, because they're always talking about it in the news, aren't they?W: True, but can you always believe what they say in the news?Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?A) The two speakers agree water pollution is the biggest environmental problem.B) The two speakers think air pollution is the biggest environmental problem.C) The two speakers always believe what is talked about in the news.D) The two speakers have different opinions about the biggest pollution problem.. . . 资料. .。

河南大学翻译硕士考研精选考试真题回忆

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【河南大学】
翻译硕士英语：
一、20个单选，词义辨析。

二、完型15个。

三、翻译
四、3篇阅读，15个
五、作文：is chinese being enriched or spoiled by english
英语翻译基础：
一、英译汉，15个
Tiger mom；bluetooth；a major economic persuit；second billing；fax machines。

二、10*2 句子
三、40分，关于winner，loser的汉译英。

百科:
一、名词解释
古典柱式；IMF;BRT;人文主义；林纾；国家软实力；棱镜计划；仿拟；隐喻；蝴蝶效应；以意逆志；为而不恃；绿色信贷；《孟子》；书院；脸书；金砖国家；客家人；裸官；《尔雅》。

二、应用文
外语学院关于举行演讲比赛的决定，字数为300-500.
三、命题作文：勤奋。

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翻译复习加油了！范围及条件调整1、2、4、6。

1单元长度为7行左右，2、4、6单元4—5行，文体不限。

好运！一、A Working Community11、Not all the neighborhoods are empty, nor is every workplace a friendly playground. Most of us have had mixed experiences in these environments. Yet as one woman told me recently, she knows more about the people she passes on the way to her desk than on her way around the block. Our new sense of community hasn’t just moved from house to office building. The labels that we wear connect us with members from distant companies, cities, and states. We assume that we have something “in common” with other teache rs, nurses, city planners.不是所有的住宅区都是空的，也不是所有的工作单位都是友好的。

多数人在这些环境里都曾有过复杂的经历。

然而，最近一位女性朋友告诉我她对工作单位里的人的了解程度要胜于对同一街区人的了解程度。

我们不仅把社区的概念从住宅区搬进了办公楼，上班时身上所佩戴的标志也把我们和异国他乡的人们和公司员工联系在一起。

我们假设自己和其他的教师、护士、城市规划者有着某些共同点。

12、It’s not unlike the experience of our immigrant grandparents. Many who came to this country still identified themselves as members of the Italian community, the Irish communtiy, the Polish community. They sought out and assumes connection with people from the old country, Many of us have updated that experience. We have replaced ethnic identity with professional identity, the way we replaced neighborhood with the workplace. This whole realignment of community is surely most obvious among the mobile professions. People who move from city to city seem to put roots into their professions. In an age of specialists, they may have to search harder to find people who speak the same language.这有点像最初移民来到美国的我们的祖辈们的经历，许多人来到这里后把自己原来的国籍当成一个社区，所以有意大利人社区、爱尔兰人社区、波兰社区等。

他们不断寻找并设想自己与来自同一个国家的人们有着亲密的联系。

我们把这种体验提升了一步。

像用工作单位取代居住地一样，我们用专业身份取代了种族身份。

这种社区的完全重组在流动作业的行业中表现得最为明显，那些在不同城市变换工作的人似乎把自己的身份植根于他们的行业中。

在这个充满专业人士的时代，他们不得不费尽周折去寻找有共同语言的人。

二、The Roots Of My Ambition15、Mother would have liked it better if I could have grown up to be President or a rich businessman, but much as she loved me, she did not deceive herself. Before I was out of grade school, she could see I lacked the gifts for either making millions or winning the love of crowds. After that she began nudging me toward working with words.假如我现在是总统或者是富有的商人，妈妈应该会更满意的。

虽然母亲很爱我，但她并没有欺骗自己。

在我高中毕业之时，她就意识到了我缺少那种日进斗金或博取群众爱戴的能力。

从那以后她就开始把我往写作的道路上推。

18、“Edwin James was no smarter than anybody else, and look where he is today,”my mother said, and said again, so than I finally grew up thinking Edwin James was adill clod who had a lucky break. Maybe she felt didn’t have to be brilliant to get where Edwin had got to, that the way to get to the top was to work, work, and work.艾德文并不比任何一个孩子聪明，看看他今天已经在哪了？母亲总是这样遍又一遍地对我说，以至于我长大以后认为艾德文?詹姆士不过是碰上了好运气的平庸之辈。

也许母亲也是那样看待他的，但她的话中应该有更深的含意。

她是在告诉我不需要很聪明就能达到艾德文的高度，通往顶峰的路是努力、努力、再努力。

20、I respected those great writers,but what I read with joy were newpapers. I lapped up every word about monstrous crimes, dreadful accidents and hideous butcheries committed in faraway wars. Accounts of murderes dying in the electric chair fascinated me, and I kept close track of fast meals ordered by condemned men.我很仰慕那些伟大的作家，但读起来使我最快乐的是报纸。

我如饥似渴地读着报纸上关于犯罪、恐怖事件和发生在遥远他乡的骇人听闻的杀戮。

关于那些死在电梯上的杀手的报道令我入迷，我甚至对死刑犯订的最后一顿快餐都特别留心。

23、Seven years later I was assigned by the Sun to cover the White House. For most reporters, being White House correspondent was as close to heaven as you could get. I was 29 years old and puffed up with pride. I went to see my mother’s delight while telling her about it. I should have known better.7年之后，我被《巴尔的摩太阳报》任命为驻白宫记者。

对于大多数记者而言，成为驻白宫记者被看成是离上天只有一步之遥。

那时我29岁，踌躇满志。

我回有对母亲讲自己晋升的事想看到她高兴。

但结果却出乎我的预料。

25、Onward and upward was the course she set. Small progress was no excuse for feeling satisfied with yourself. People who stopped to pat themselves on the back didn’t last long. Even if you got to the top, you’d better not take it easy. “The bigger they come, the harder they fall”was one of her favorite maxims.进取、进取、再进取，这是母亲给我设定的方向。

小小的进步是不足以自我满足的。

那些因成功而沾沾自喜停下来欣赏自己的人是不会持久的。

即使你已经到达顶峰，你也最好不要放松。

爬得越高，摔得越痛，是母亲的至理名言。

28、It was not a column meant to convey news, but a writer’s column commenting on the news by using different literary forms: essay devices, satire, burlesque, sometimes even fiction. It was proof that my mother had been absolutely right when she sized me up early in life and steered me toward literature.那不是新闻报导专栏，而是一个用不同文学体裁评论新闻的专栏，如散文、讽刺、夸张的模仿、有时甚至是小说。

这一切证明母亲早就看出是这块料并引导我走文学之路是完全正确的。

31、In time there would be an attack on the values my mother preached and I have lived by. When the country began to pull apart in the 1960s and 70s, people who admitted to wanting to amount something were put down as materialists idiotically wasting their lives in the “rat race.”The word “gumption”vanished from the language.母亲一直宣扬而且我一直遵循的价值观终于开始遭到攻击。